Nuevos Registros De Ácaros Del Suborden Prostigmata (Acari: Trombidiformes) De Quintana Roo, México

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Nuevos Registros De Ácaros Del Suborden Prostigmata (Acari: Trombidiformes) De Quintana Roo, México ACAROLOGÍA Y ARACNOLOGÍA ISSN: 2448-475X NUEVOS REGISTROS DE ÁCAROS DEL SUBORDEN PROSTIGMATA (ACARI: TROMBIDIFORMES) DE QUINTANA ROO, MÉXICO. Ignacio M. Vázquez-Rojas1 , Guadalupe López-Campos1 y María Magdalena Vázquez-González2 1Laboratorio de Acarología “Anita Hoffmann”, Departamento de Biología Comparada, Facultad de Ciencias, UNAM. Coyoacán 04510, CDMX. 2Laboratorio de microartrópodos edáficos. Departamento de Ciencias e Ingenierías. Universidad de Quintana Roo. Chetumal, Q. Roo. Autor de correspondencia: [email protected] RESUMEN. Como resultado del estudio de los ejemplares de ácaros recolectados en suelo y hojarasca de Puerto Morelos e Isla Cozumel, Quintana Roo, se encontraron familias y especies que se registran aquí por primera vez para el estado. Ereynetidae: Ereynetes (Ereynetes) sp.; Paratydeidae: Scolotydeus alexandery; Trombiculidae: Trombicula sp.; Cheyletidae: Bak gersoni; Neopygmephoridae: Pseudopygmephorus agarici y Petalomium gottrauxi se incluyen en este trabajo. Palabras clave: Tydeoidea, Paratydeoidea, Trombiculoidea, Cheyletoidea, Pygmephoroidea, Selva tropical. New records of mites of the Prostigmata Suborder (Acari: Trombidiformes) from Quintana Roo, Mexico ABSTRACT. As a result of the study of specimens from soil and litter samples mainly from Puerto Morelos and Isla Cozumel, Quintana Roo, we found families and species which are recorded here for the first time for the state. Ereynetidae: Ereynetes (Ereynetes) sp.; Paratydeidae: Scolotydeus alexandery; Trombiculidae: Trombicula sp.; Cheyletidae: Bak gersoni; Neopygmephoridae: Pseudopygmephorus agarici and Petalomium gottrauxi are included in this paper. Keywords: Tydeoidea, Paratydeoidea, Trombiculoidea, Cheyletoidea, Pygmephoroidea, Tropical Rainforest INTRODUCCIÓN A partir de 1994, Vázquez ha estudiado la fauna del suelo del Estado de Quintana Roo, principalmente microartrópodos, aunque los resultados se publicaron en 1999. Dichos datos se encuentran en tres libros (Vázquez, 1999; Vázquez, 2001; Vázquez y Palacios-Vargas, 2004). Vázquez y Vázquez (2006) publicaron los hallazgos hasta entonces logrados del estudio de muestras de Sian Ka’an, Quintana Roo, Campeche y Belice; se registraron 67 géneros de 30 familias de ácaros del Suborden Prostigmata. Conforme se han desarrollado proyectos para el conocimiento de la fauna edáfica de la región, se han abarcado áreas diferentes como la Isla de Cozumel (Vázquez et al., 2012) y el Jardín Botánico de la reserva de Puerto Morelos. Los taxones registrados han sido diferentes al nivel de género y especie, pero las familias que se encontraron en general son las mismas, lo cual sirve para caracterizar a la fauna de la región. Los organismos edáficos alteran microhábitats en favor de otros organismos; son indispensables en el mantenimiento de las características del suelo. (Vázquez, 2001). Dado que la fauna de micro artrópodos de las Selvas de Quintana Roo ha sido estudiada en parte, consideramos relevante nuestra aportación al dar a conocer nuevos registros de géneros y especies de ácaros Prostigmata. MATERIALES Y MÉTODO Se estudiaron laminillas de vidrio con ejemplares montados de varias familias del Suborden Prostigmata de la Selva de Quintana Roo. Las coordenadas de las localidades correspondientes a los ejemplares son: Sian Ka’an (19° 05’-20° 07’ N y 87° 22’-88° 02’ W); Puerto Morelos 36 Entomología mexicana, 6: 36-42 (2019) (20°51′13″N y 86°52′31″W); Noh-Bec (19.143056 N, -88.169167 W). Para el estudio y elaboración de los dibujos de los ejemplares se utilizó un microscopio Zeiss con contraste diferencial de Interferencia modelo Axioscop II plus equipado con una cámara Axiocam, así como literatura que contiene claves y descripciones (Fain y Camerik, 1994; Khaustov, 2016, 2017; Crosley, 1960; Paktinat-Saei et al., 2017; Corpuz-Raros, 2000; y Zou, Gao y Ma, 1990). RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN Entre los ejemplares se encontraron representantes de las familias Ereynetidae, Paratydeidae, Trombiculidae, Cheyletidae y Neopygmephoridae que no habían sido registrados de la región. Familia Ereynetidae Oudemans, 1931 Subfamilia Ereynetinae Oudemans, 1931 Diagnosis. Propodosoma siempre con 4 pares de sedas (vi, ve, sci, sce) las sci modificadas como sensilas; con la cutícula estriada punteada; con 4 acetábulos genitales y un par de botridios posteriores (l4). Género Ereynetes Berlese, 1883 Diagnosis. Sedas vi con ubicación variable según la especie: frente, al mismo nivel o detrás de las sci. Sedas ve siempre cortas o muy cortas y situadas frente y laterales a las sci, las sce son las más laterales. El número de sedas coxales es generalmente 3-1-3-2 (Fain y Camerik, 1994). Subgénero Ereynetes Berlese, 1883 Diagnosis. Con una o dos placas dorsales con un patrón de líneas, con un par de ojos simples y dos pares de órganos sensoriales genitales; órgano ereynetal de tipo B: seda ereynetal y seda satélite sobre la misma base junto al órgano ereynetal (Fain y Camerik, 1994). Ereynetes (Ereynetes) sp. (Fig. 1) Material estudiado.; 1♂, 10-I-1995; Sian Ka’an, Selva Baja Inundable, M3B. M. M. Vázquez, Col. Quintana Roo, México. Figura 1. Ereynetes (Ereynetes) sp. A) Aspecto general del dorso y pedipalpo, B) Patas I-IV y C) Órgano ereynetal tipo B. 37 Vázquez-Rojas et al.: Nuevos registros de ácaros del Suborden Prostigmata de Quintana Roo, México Familia Paratydeidae Baker, 1949 Género Scolotydeus Berlese, 1910 Diagnosis. Ojos presentes, solenidios erectos sobre las patas y tarso de los pedipalpos. Scolotydeus alexanderi (Baker, 1949): Khaustov, 2017 (Fig. 2) Diagnosis. Con las características del género. Seda (u) de los tarsos II-IV bifurcadas; siempre con tres pares de acetábulos genitales. Material estudiado. 2 DN, 1 TN, 1♀, 1, 10-XII-2015. S1M4 Matorral Costero. Est. UNAM, CONANP. Puerto Morelos, M. M. Vázquez, Col. 1♂, 14-VIII-1997. Hojarasca, Selva Baja Inundable. Sian Ka’an, M. M. Vázquez, Col. Quintana Roo, México. Figura 2. Scolotydeus alexanderi. Aspecto general del dorso. Familia Trombiculidae Ewing, 1944 Subfamilia Trombiculinae Ewing, 1929 Diagnosis. Tecto con una seda o sin seda; sensilas variables; al menos con ramificaciones cortas en la base; sedas más numerosas en la genua que en el fémur del pedipalpo o el mismo número en ambos artejos. Género Trombicula Berlese, 1905 Diagnosis. Patas I con las uñas sin divisiones distales; área sensilar sin sedas corporales; área precoxal de patas I y II sin placas; tarso I sin procesos sobre el margen dorsoapical; bases quelicerales raramente alargadas, trocanter del pedipalpo no alargado; hipostoma alargado, en punta; con ocho sedas largas, desnudas, apicales; generalmente sin ojos pero cuando hay se ubican al lado del área sensilar; margen anterior del tecto con dientecillos o aserraciones; sedas posteriores del cuerpo cortas o largas pero sin ramificaciones compuestas; área sensilar angosta, radio promedio (ASL/SB) de la distancia entre la seda del tecto y las sensilas sobre la distancia entre las sensilas igual a 2.5 (Crosley, 1960). Subgénero Eutrombicula Ewing, 1938 Trombicula (Eutrombicula) sp. (Fig. 3) Diagnosis. Con las características del género y subgénero. Sedas posteriores terminando en 2 o 3 ramas cortas; ASL grande, alrededor de 170µ. Las características generales del ejemplar 38 Entomología mexicana, 6: 36-42 (2019) estudiado son semejantes a Trombicula (E.) alfreddugesi pero la forma de las sensilas y los detalles del tecto son muy diferentes. Material Estudiado. 1 ♂, 11-IX-1995. Selva Baja Inundable. Hojarasca. Sian Ka’an, Q. Roo. M. M. Vázquez Col. Quintana Roo, México. Figura 3. Trombicula (E.) sp. A) Aspecto general dorsal, B) Cresta metópica y C) Hipostoma. Familia Cheyletidae Leach, 1815 Género Bak Yunker, 1961 Diagnosis. Las especies de Bak tienen cuerpos alargados con el opistosoma ligeramente desarrollado y los dos pares de patas posteriores ampliamente separados de los anteriores por una distancia mayor a la del ancho del cuerpo. El género consta de 12 especies, su distribución es Neártica, Neotropical y de regiones Orientales (Paktinat-Saei et al., 2017). Bak gersoni Corpuz-Raros, 2000 (Fig. 4) Diagnosis. Hembra. Tibia II y III sin solenidio; peine pedipalpal interno con dientes; sedas dorsales setiformes o lanceoladas; fémur I y II con 2 sedas cada uno; genua II sin sedas (desnuda); genua III con una seda (Corpuz-Raros, 2000). Material Estudiado. 1♀, 09-IV-2010. Selva Media. San Gervasio. Isla Cozumel, M. M. Vázquez Col. Quintana Roo, México. Familia Neopygmephoridae Cross, 1965 Género Petalomium Cross, 1965 Diagnosis. Sedas de la placa ventral I bi- o trifurcadas; solenidio II sobre el ápice de la tibia II; tibiotarso I generalmente con un pináculo que es al menos el doble de ancho que de largo (Cross, 1965). Petalomium gottrauxi Mahunka, 1977 (Fig. 5) Diagnosis. Con las características de la familia y del género. Seda 4b no modificada; seda v’ de la tibia IV no lanceolada; seda h2 escasamente barbulada; seda 3b alcanza las bases de sedas 39 Vázquez-Rojas et al.: Nuevos registros de ácaros del Suborden Prostigmata de Quintana Roo, México 4b; seda 1b bifurcada; seda ps1 evidentemente más larga que ps2, seda ps3 también larga, subigual a ps1; seda sc2 subigual a h2 (Khaustov, 2016). Material estudiado. 1♀, ex/hoja de Uvero. 29-VIII-1996. Noh-Bec, M. M. Vázquez, Col. Quintana Roo. México. Figura 4.- Bak gersoni. A) Aspecto ventral de la hembra y B) Placa prodorsal. Figura 5. Petalomium gottrauxi. A) Aspecto dorsal reconstruido de la hembra y B) Patas I-IV. Género Pseudopygmephorus Cross, 1965 Diagnosis. Patas I tan anchas como las patas II; distancia entre las sedas 3a y las 3b siempre igual a o mayor que la distancia transversa entre las sedas 3b y 3c. 40 Entomología mexicana, 6: 36-42 (2019) Pseudopygmephorus agarici Zou, Gao & Ma, 1990 (Fig. 6) Diagnosis. Con las características de la familia y del género. Estigmas ovalados y alargados, oblicuos sobre el prodorso; sedas c1 más cortas que c2; sedas e 2/3 la longitud de las sedas f; sedas h2 la mitad de la longitud de las h1; sedas 1b bifurcadas; sedas ps1 y ps2 con las bases contiguas, separadas de ps3, todas de tamaño similar (Zou, Gao & Ma, 1990). Material estudiado. 1♀, ex/hojarasca Manglar. 18-IX-2014. Jardín Botánico, Puerto Morelos, M.
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