The Journal Times 4A Friday, November 22, 2013 Nation
Nov. 22, 1963 s Dallas, Texas s 12:30 p.m. Central time s Assassination of John F. Kennedy, 35th president of the United States s 59 percent of Americans feel there was a conspiracy*
Alleged assassin Lee Harvey Oswald holding a rifle in the backyard at 214 Assassination still stirs emotions, doubts Neeley St. in Dallas, where his family rented in 1963 President John F. Kennedy’s administration was identified with currents of global change: sharp crises in the Cold War, the looming specter of the Vietnam conflict, social changes embodied by the civil rights movement. His killing in Dallas at age 46 deeply shocked the American public. Many still feel the official account of the assassination, the Warren Commission Report of 1964, presented some questionable findings and selectively ignored some evidence. It concluded the assassin, Lee Harvey Oswald, acted alone. Fifty years later, doubts persist over some key questions:
JFK, first lady Jacqueline One shooter, Kennedy and Texas Gov. John three bullets Connally riding in motorcade moments before shooting s -ANLICHER #ARCANO BOLT ACTION RIFLE AND THREE shell casings were found NEAR THIS SIXTH FLOOR hSNIPERS NESTv IN THE 4EXAS 3CHOOL Book Depository s 4HE 7ARREN #OMMISSION ruled that Oswald was the sole shooter and he only fired three shots
Zapruder film complicates stated limit of three bullets s MM FILM RECORDED FRAMES OR SECONDS AS *&+S LIMO SLOWLY PASSED ON %LM 3TREET A miss One of three shots misses limo; bystander s 7ARREN 2EPORT HAD TO RECONCILE VISUAL EVIDENCE IN film with their account that only three shots were fired *AMES 4AGUE IS HIT BY Frame 313 !CCORDING TO 7ARREN fragment near underpass; 2EPORT FINAL SHOT HITS *&+ IN THE this leaves just two bullets Frames 155-169 0ASSENGERS in limousine Frames 210-225 !CCORDING TO 7ARREN 2EPORT A SINGLE BULLET HITS *&+ IN BACK head; this shot is clearly the lethal to account for the wounds are seen reacting to sound of possible shot EXITS HIS NECK AND ALSO INJURES #ONNALLY IN HIS TORSO RIGHT WRIST LEFT THIGH wound, it rips top of his head away TO +ENNEDY AND #ONNALLY
160 170 190 300 310 • 44-Inch Web • !BRAHAM :APRUDERS "ELL (OWELL CAMERA EXPOSED FILM AT RATE OF FRAMES PER SECOND 4HERE IS A SECOND SPAN BETWEEN SHOTS THAT APPEAR TO INJURE +ENNEDY
Dealey Plaza, on tthehe wewestesst side of downtownwntoowwn DDallass Dal-Tex Building Sixth- (Zapruder s Texas School floor worked window HERE Book StemmonFreeway Depository Dallas Union Terminal 2AIL YARD 5 parking County North Tower Records Building K 2AIL YARD parking 7 County C Concrete 6 3 pergola 8 Criminal Stockade fence Courts M
2 St. Houston Building 4 (county Y Rail jail, tracks 0OOL sheriff’s OFFICE JFK, Connally appear Elm St. to be wounded here
Car’s position at time of fatal head shot, 265 ft. M
(81 m) from the sixth floor depository window o
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c 1 a Main St. d e ro Co ut mm e er 9 Triple ce underpass S 10 t . Old Courthouse
Dallas, Warren Commission findings Details calling Warren findings into question Motorcade route Texas from airport Locations, 1 Bystander James Tague said he was struck by debris shooting, he saw three cars and two pairs of men that richocheted off a curb near where he was standing moving in the parking lot and near the fence; he also movements at the triple underpass on the west side of the plaza SAID HE SAW A hFLASH OF LIGHT OR SMOKEv NEAR THE FENCE 1 In 1979, THE 53 (OUSE 3ELECT #OMMITTEE ON According to the Warren Report, this is the trajectory 354 that day 2 Assassinations concluded with a 95 percent probability 6 of the fatal shot that struck JFK’s head , that a shot came from the fence line above the grassy E Also according to the report, this is the trajectory of (ARRY (INES " MMON !VE 1. 11:40 a.m. Air Force knoll, but that the shot missed 7 the bullet that caused seven wounds to JFK and Trade Mart, One arrives in Dallas from Abraham Zapruder STOOD HERE AS HE FILMED HIS MM #ONNALLY THE COMMISSION SAID THREE SHOTS WERE FIRED where Kennedy &ORT 7ORTH 4EXAS 3 and one of the first two missed home movie which captured the assassination and put Route back was to speak 2. 12:22 p.m. -OTORCADE PRESSURE ON THE 7ARREN #OMMISSIONS FINDING THAT ONLY LVD Howard Brennan sat on this low wall near the north to airport 4 enters downtown Dallas three shots were fired; led to Single Bullet theory 8 reflecting pool and said he had seen a gunman in the 3. 12:30 p.m. Kennedy Bill and Gayle Newman shielded their two children SIXTH FLOOR SOUTHEAST WINDOW OF THE DEPOSITORY 45 S !VE AND #ONNALLY ARE SHOT 4 after seeing JFK shot; Bill said he thought shots had Charles Bronson took home movie footage from here 2OS 9 Route to 35 come from above and behind them, on the knoll Robert Hughes also shot film from this vantage; later hospital 2 30 4. 12:36 p.m. ,IMOUSINE reaches hospital Lee Bowers, A RAILROAD EMPLOYEE WORKING IN THIS FT 10 computer analysis suggested movement in the window 5 3 M TOWER SAID THAT IN THE MINUTES PRIOR TO THE from which Oswald is said to have fired 3INGLETON "LVD 5. 12:59 p.m. Oswald reaches boarding house, 7ESTMORELAND 2D DALLAS Discrepancies in autopsy observations 30 Dealey Plaza after bus and cab rides 6. 1:15 p.m. /FFICER *$ 4HE FIRST DOCTORS TO SEE THE PRESIDENT AT 0ARKLAND -EMORIAL (OSPITAL IN $ALLAS FOUND A LARGE WOUND AT THE BACK OF HIS HEAD 5 4IPPIT ALLEGEDLY SHOT TO which they thought was an exit wound; part of the skull was missing; in an effort to treat JFK, a tracheotomy was performed 7 $AVIS 3T death by Oswald over what one of them considered to be an entrance wound in the throat; the back wound was not examined in Dallas 6 1 mile 7 7. 1:50 p.m. Oswald 45 ARRESTED IN 4EXAS 4HEATER Parkland Memorial Hospital 1 km Dr. Charles Carrico, Dr. Malcolm Perry, Two versions of diagram Dr. (and Admiral) George Burkley /RIGINAL DIAGRAM LEFT AND VERSION IN 7ARREN 2EPORT RIGHT MISSING $R "URKLEYS SIGNATURE s $URING EARLY PRESS CONFERENCE 0ERRY U.S. House investigation, 1976-79 confirming location of back says neck wound was an entry wound WOUND NOTED BY $R "OSWELL s 4HE 3ELECT #OMMITTEE ON !SSASSINATIONS SPURRED BY PUBLIC s 4ESTIFYING BEFORE 7ARREN #OMMISSION outcry after the Zapruder film was shown on television in 1975, later, he reversed himself and said it had conducted an investigation into the killings of both JFK and been an exit wound -ARTIN ,UTHER +ING *R s )T REPORTED THE LIKELIHOOD OF A SECOND SHOOTER Bethesda Naval Hospital in the JFK case, and therefore a conspiracy Lt. Cmdr. J. Thornton Boswell, s +EY TO THIS FINDING WAS THE APPARENT RECORDING Cmdr. James Humes, Dr. Burkley of a fourth shot on a Dictabelt recorder of a s "URKLEY NOTES WOUND ON BACK IN $ALLAS 0OLICE MOTORCYCLE LATER ANALYSIS HAS CM BELOW COLLAR TOO LOW FOR THAT discredited the audio evidence cited bullet to have exited throat at necktie knot s 4HE COMMITTEE REPORTED *AMES %ARL 2AY HAD ACTED ALONE IN level; Bosley marks diagram to show that killing King, but also said a conspiracy was possible in that case spot; Burkley agrees, signs it s 4HROAT WOUND NOT EXAMINED tracheotomy incision had altered it Stone’s ‘JFK’ stirs debate again in 1991 Oliver Stone’s film chronicles the only prosecution resulting from the JFK case, Revised Warren Report version led by New Orleans District Attorney Jim Garrison from 1966 to 1969 s "ACK WOUND NOTED AT A HIGHER LOCATION s (UMES BURNS NOTES FIRST AUTOPSY DRAFT he says because it was bloodstained Effects of the film 2 s %ARNED MILLION WORLDWIDE 6 1 s )TS POPULARITY SPURRED PASSAGE OF THE *&+ The Single Bullet !SSASSINATION 2ECORDS #OLLECTION !CT OF Because one of the three shots missed the limo and another Front s ! REVIEW BOARD WORKED UNTIL TALKING TO WITNESSES caused the fatal head wound to JFK, only one bullet remained to some of whom had never been interviewed before ACCOUNT FOR SEVEN OTHER WOUNDS TO +ENNEDY AND #ONNALLY THIS s 4HE FEDERAL GOVERNMENT BOUGHT THE :APRUDER FILM 5 4 3 FINDING IN THE 7ARREN 2EPORT HAS DRAWN SKEPTICISM FOR DECADES s 0REVIOUSLY CLASSIFIED RECORDS WERE MADE PUBLIC D ow nw Bullet hole Chest wounds Limousine ar d a at level of tie knot fifth rib shattered, ngl ‘Pristine bullet’ passengers e exit wound, nipple Americans still think a conspiracy likely CE-399 Test 1. JFK 4HE PERCENTAGE OF !MERICANS WHO DOUBT THAT 2. Gov. Bullet hole Left thigh Oswald acted alone is still high, but it has dropped bullet stops Connally iN SHIRT IN CM BELOW Entry 3. Jacqueline Nov. 2003, Gallup poll April 2013, !SSOCIATED 0RESS POLL line of collar right armpit Kennedy 4. Nellie -ORE Oswald -ORE Oswald Kennedy Connally than acted than acted one alone one alone 5. William #% WAS FOUND AT person person Greer, Secret 19 24 HOSPITAL IN NEAR PERFECT involved involved Service, driver Right wrist condition; a bullet of 75% 59% shattered the same type was 6. Roy fired through a Kellerman, Not Not sure sure Connally cadaver’s wrist and Secret was badly deformed Service 6 16
3OURCE %32) $ALLAS -ORNING .EWS &ORT 7ORTH 3TAR 4ELEGRAM -#4 0HOTO 3ERVICE !SSASSINATION !RCHIVES AND 2ESEARCH #ENTER !0 ,IBRARY OF #ONGRESS 7ARREN #OMMISSION 53 (OUSE 3ELECT #OMMITTEE ON !SSASSINATIONS 'RAPHIC 2OBERT $ORRELL © 2013 MCT
KCMY Friday, November 22, 2013 A-004