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Hoque F, Et Al. Effect of Water Salinity Levels on Growth Performance and Survival of Copyright© Hoque F, Et Al International Journal of Oceanography & Aquaculture MEDWIN PUBLISHERS ISSN: 2577-4050 Committed to create value for Researchers Effect of Water Salinity Levels on Growth Performance and Survival of Catla Catla, Genetically Improved Labeo Rohita (Jayanti Rohu) and Cirrhinus Mrigala Hoque F1, Adhikari S1*, Hussan A1, Mahanty D1, Pal K1 and Pillai BR2 Research Article 1ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Regional Research Centre- Rahara, India Volume 4 Issue 2 2ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, Kausalyaganga, India Received Date: June 01, 2020 Published Date: June 30, 2020 *Corresponding author: Subhendu Adhikari, ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture, DOI: 10.23880/ijoac-16000190 Regional Research Centre- Rahara, Kolkata-700118, West Bengal, India, Tel: +91-9419541546; Email: [email protected] Abstract In the present work, the salinity tolerance level of Indian major carp, Catla catla, genetically improved Labeo rohita (Jayanti rohu) and Cirrhinus mrigala levels of salinities for 45 days. Overall analysis of the result showed that, the severity of impact of increasing salinity was were ascertained in terms of weight gain and mortality by exposing the fishes gradually to different C. catla L. rohita the decrease in weight gain significantly higher (P<0.05) in Catla compared to other two species (Jayanti rohu and Mrigal). In case of significant C. mrigala the growth retardation was noticed from 4 ppt onwardsdecrease compared(P<0.05) in to weightcontrol. gain In case was of noted Catla, from mortality 1 ppt started onwards, at salinitywhereas above in case 5 ppt, of and reached to 100% at salinity level ofwas 8 pptfound , whereas, significant Jayanti (P<0.05) rohu showed from 3 pptno mortality onwards upand to in 6 pptcase salinity, of though the survivability got reduced to 40% in salinity result obtained in the present study had given an account of the level of salinity tolerance in Indian major carps. of 8 ppt. Interestingly, in case of Mrigal no mortality were recorded at salinity level up to 8 ppt on 30 days post experiment. The Keywords: Salinity; Tolerance; Indian Major Carps; Weight; Survival Introduction precipitation or evaporation. This is pronounced in tropics where the climate is characterized by wet and dry seasons Fish is considered as one of the major source of Labeo rohita, Catla animal protein contributing 63% of the available protein catla, Cirrhinus mrigala) comprises the dominant portion of in the diet. Salinity is one of the environmental factors that [2]. In India, though Indian Major Carps ( and survival of the species needed to be investigated to meet change and global warming resulted in continuous melting cultured fish, but the impact of increasing salinity on growth ofinfluence glacier theand growth sea level performance rise. In turn, of many salinity fish intrusion[1]. Climate in without hampering the production. Salinity is considered as natural fresh water sources has been reported as one of the athe limiting demand factor of the for fishesthe survival in future and with growth changing of freshwater climate serious problems that are exacerbated by rising sea-levels, owing to climate change, and other contributing factors, on growth and feed utilization of potential saline tolerant fish species. Little work has been reported on salinity effects shrimp farming along the coastal areas. Due to the increasing like changes in fresh water flow from rivers and increased cultured fish species [3]. Although farmers in India raise in ponds and other fresh water bodies especially in coastal beenfish, the carried potential out to for investigate increasing the production impact of utilizing salinity saline-on the water salinity with the sea level rise, it impacted fish culture tolerant fish remains untapped. Thus the present study has zone. Pond water salinity also changes during periods of high most dominant group of freshwater fishes in India i.e. Indian Effect of Water Salinity Levels on Growth Performance and Survival of Catla Catla, Genetically Improved Int J Oceanogr Aquac Labeo Rohita (Jayanti Rohu) and Cirrhinus Mrigala 2 International Journal of Oceanography & Aquaculture major carps. Results Materials and Methods Growth and Survivability of IMC under different Salinity Levels Experimental Site Overall analysis of the result showed that, the severity The experiment was performed at the wet lab of Regional research station- Rahara, West Bengal of Indian Council of Agricultural Research-Central Institute of Freshwater of impact of increasingC. catlasalinity was significantly higher Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA). in(P<0.05) weight in gain Catla was compared noted tofrom other 1 ppttwo speciesonwards (Jayanti (Figure rohu 2), whereasand Mrigal). in caseIn case of ofL. rohita thesignificant decrease decrease(P<0.05) in weight gain Fish Species 1) and in case of C. mrigala the growth retardation was Labeo noticedwas found from significant 4 ppt onwards (P<0.05) compared from 3 ppt to onwards control (Figure rohita), Catla (Catla Catla Cirrhinus mrigala) 3). In case of Catla, mortality started at salinity above 5 weighingTotal 10.50±1.35200 numbers g were of fingerlings collected from of Jayanti Regional rohu Research ( ppt, and reached to 100% at salinity level of 8 ppt (Figure Centre- Rahara, ICAR-CIFA,) andWest Mrigal Bengal, ( India. On receipt, 5). In case of Jayanti rohu no mortality was recorded up to 6 ppt salinity, though the survivability got reduced to 40% the fish were acclimatized separately for 15 days prior to the no mortality were recorded at salinity level up to 8 pp ton experiment in theStarter fibre feed glass code: reinforced 2432512) plastic containing tanks (FRP) 32% 30in salinity days post of 8experiment ppt (Figure (Figure 4). Interestingly, 6). In case ofin allcase the of species Mrigal of 1000L capacity.TM The fish were fed with commercial floating weight gain was found decreased with increase in salinity. aerationfeed (Growfin was provided and 30% replacement of water with In case of Jayanti rohu, reduction in weight gain was not freshprotein, bore 5% well fat, water5.5% fibrewas doneand 11.5% daily tomoisture. avoid deposition Continuous of nitrogenous wastes. and then it reduced at a rate of around 10% with each ppt ofsignificantly salinity increase different up (P>0.05) to 6ppt fromsalinity; control but upin tocase 2 ppt of Catlalevel Experimental Design reduction in weight gain with increased salinity was found inconsistent and even at 2 ppt salinity average weight gain The salinity (0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 ppt) was maintained reduced to nearly 50% compared to control (0 ppt). But in by mixing desired levels of commercial sodium chloride (NaCl) to freshwater. Total 10 numbers of the acclimatized gain was found up to 3 ppt salinity. Overall analysis of the resultcase of showed Mrigal, nothat, significant the severity difference of impact (P>0.05) of increasingin weight fingerlings were subjected to each of the salinity regimes of water in triplicates. Sodium chloride (NaCl) was used in this to other two species (Jayanti rohu and mrigal). In case of C. 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 8 ppt in FRP tanks containing 200 L study instead of seawater due to theirfrequent use to raise catlasalinity was significantly higher (P<0.05) in Catla compared from 1 ppt onwards, whereas in case of L. rohita from 3 ppt and insignificant case of C. decrease mrigala (P<0.05)from 4 ppt in weightonwards gain compared was noted to salinity during husbandry practices of these species [4]. The control. weresalinity examined level was on measured the initial usingday of Labman the experimentation Multi-parameter and water quality meter LMMP-30, India. The water parameters raised in their respective tanks for 45 days. Sampling was doneon weekly on 0d, interval 15 d, till30 thed and final 45 day d of sampling.Thethe experiment, fish which were (gm). included recording survival rate (%) and weight gain of fish Data Analysis DataThe were survival expressed percentage as mean ±was standard recorded deviation. (No ofThe fishes data survived after 45 days/Initial no. of fishes stockedx 100). Figure 1: Weight gain of genetically improved Labeo rohita were analyzed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) [5]. Statistical (Jayanti rohu) with increasing salinity. software SPSS version 16.0 was used to analyse data with the levels of significance at P<0.05. Hoque F, et al. Effect of Water Salinity Levels on Growth Performance and Survival of Copyright© Hoque F, et al. Catla Catla, Genetically Improved Labeo Rohita (Jayanti Rohu) and Cirrhinus Mrigala. Int J Oceanogr Aquac 2020, 4(2): 000190. 3 International Journal of Oceanography & Aquaculture Figure 6: Survival of Cirrhinus mrigala with increasing Figure 2: Weight gain of Catla catla with increasing salinity. salinity. Discussion salinity,Every morphological, fish species has biochemical different optimum and endocrinological salinity ranges for growth and survival. With fluctuations in environmental inalterations salinity havemay beenprovide evidenced a bio-energetic in fish leading basis to to increasing evaluate demand of energy [6]. Growth and survival to changes This is also relevant for the culture of salinity-tolerant Figure 3: Weight gain of Cirrhinus mrigala with increasing aquacultureperformance candidates of fish under which different could be culturereared atconditions. different salinity. gain was reported in C. catla whereassalinities. in In case the presentof L. rohita study, the significant decrease indecrease weight ingain weight was (P<0.05) from 1 ppt onwards, of C. mrigala the growth retardation was noticed from 4 ppt onwardsfound significant compared (P<0.05) to control. from Recent 3 ppt studies onwards demonstrated and in case that salinity change can induce stress in aquatic animals by interfering with physiological homeostasis, routine biological decrease in weight gain. This study reported that in case of Catla,processes mortality and accelerating started at salinity oxidative above damage 5 ppt, [7], and resulting reached in to 100% at salinity level of 8 ppt.
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