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ECO-GUE-REY-2018.Pdf UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL DE PIURA FACULTAD DE ECONOMÍA “EDUCACIÓN Y POBREZA EN EL DEPARTAMENTO DE PIURA.AÑO 2015” Presentada por: Br. Mayra Yasmin Guerrero Reyes TESIS PARA OPTAR EL TÍTULO PROFESIONAL DE ECONOMISTA Línea de investigación: Economía de desarrollo. Piura, Perú 2018 i DEDICATORIA A mis padres y hermanos porque son el motivo principal de lograr mis metas personales y profesionales, por el apoyo, sus consejos, palabras de aliento y comprensión. vi AGRADECIMIENTO A Dios por sus bendiciones en brindarme la oportunidad de seguir aprendiendo y creciendo profesionalmente. A mi asesor, Dr. Eduardo Litano y jurados calificadores Dr. Benjamin Bayona, Dra. Hilda Alburquque y M.Sc. Segundo Calle; que gracias a sus conocimientos y experiencia me han brindado la oportunidad de culminar la presente investigación. vii ÍNDICE GENERAL RESUMEN EJECUTIVO .......................................................................................................... xiii ABSTRACT ............................................................................................................................... xiv INTRODUCCIÓN ........................................................................................................................ 1 CAPÍTULO 1 ASPECTOS DE LA PROBLEMÁTICA .............................................................. 3 1.1. Descripción de la realidad problemática ....................................................................... 3 1.2. Justificación e importancia de la investigación ............................................................. 6 1.3. Objetivos ....................................................................................................................... 8 1.3.1. Objetivo General ................................................................................................... 8 1.3.2. Objetivos Específicos ............................................................................................ 8 1.4. Delimitación de la investigación ................................................................................... 8 CAPÍTULO 2 MARCO TEORICO .............................................................................................. 9 2.1. Antecedentes de la investigación .................................................................................. 9 2.1.1. Evidencia Internacional ......................................................................................... 9 2.1.2. Evidencia Nacional ............................................................................................. 14 2.2. Bases Teóricas ............................................................................................................. 17 2.2.1. Enfoques de la Pobreza ....................................................................................... 17 2.2.2. Teoría de la Trampa de la Pobreza ...................................................................... 20 2.2.3. Teoría del Capital Humano ................................................................................. 21 2.2.4. Síntesis del Marco Teórico .................................................................................. 26 2.3. Glosario de términos básicos ....................................................................................... 28 2.3.1. Pobreza ................................................................................................................ 28 2.3.2. Educación ............................................................................................................ 30 2.4. Hipótesis ...................................................................................................................... 31 2.4.1. Hipótesis General ................................................................................................ 31 2.4.2. Hipótesis Especificas ........................................................................................... 31 CAPÍTULO 3 CARACTERIZACIÓN DEL ÁREA Y ZONA DE ESTUDIO .......................... 33 3.1. Características generales de la región Piura ................................................................ 33 viii 3.2. Características de las variables de estudio en la región Piura ..................................... 34 3.2.1. Pobreza ................................................................................................................ 34 3.2.2. Educación ............................................................................................................ 35 CAPÍTULO 4 METODOLOGÍA: MATERIAL y MÉTODOS ................................................. 39 4.1. Enfoque y diseño ......................................................................................................... 39 4.2. Sujetos de la investigación .......................................................................................... 39 4.3. Métodos y procedimientos .......................................................................................... 40 4.3.1. Métodos ............................................................................................................... 40 4.3.2. Procedimientos .................................................................................................... 48 4.4. Técnicas e instrumentos .............................................................................................. 50 CAPÍTULO 5 RESULTADOS Y DISCUSIÓN ......................................................................... 52 5.1. Resultados ................................................................................................................... 52 5.1.1. Análisis descriptivo ............................................................................................. 52 5.1.2. Estimación del modelo ........................................................................................ 57 5.1.3. Evaluación del modelo ........................................................................................ 62 5.1.4. Análisis de los Impactos Marginales ................................................................... 69 5.2. Discusión ..................................................................................................................... 71 5.3. Alcances y Limitaciones ............................................................................................. 80 CAPÍTULO 6 CONCLUSIONES .............................................................................................. 81 CAPÍTULO 7 IMPLICANCAS DE POLÍTICAY RECOMENDACIONES ............................. 83 BIBLIOGRAFÍA ......................................................................................................................... 85 ANEXOS..................................................................................................................................... 89 ix ÍNDICE DE CUADROS Cuadro 2.1 Evidencia Empírica Internacional .............................................................................. 9 Cuadro 2.2. Evidencia Empírica Nacional .................................................................................. 14 Cuadro 3.1 Perú: Ranking de Departamentos de acuerdo a similar Incidencia de Pobreza teniendo en cuenta los test de significancia 2010 – 2015. ........................................................... 35 Cuadro 4.1. Operacionalización de Variables ............................................................................. 51 Cuadro 5.1 Descripción de la variable dependiente: Pobreza ..................................................... 53 Cuadro 5.2 Descripción de las variables de interés ..................................................................... 54 Cuadro 5.3. Estimaciones del Modelo ........................................................................................ 59 Cuadro 5.4 Regresiones Individuales con la variable dependiente ............................................. 61 Cuadro 5.5. Modelo Seleccionado- Modelo 04 ........................................................................... 62 Cuadro 5.6. Significancia Individual ........................................................................................... 64 Cuadro 5.7. Test de Máxima Verosimilitud ................................................................................ 65 Cuadro 5.8 Test de Hosmer y Lemeshow (HL) .......................................................................... 65 Cuadro 5.9. Pronóstico de Probabilidades .................................................................................. 66 Cuadro 5.10. Test de Varianza .................................................................................................... 67 Cuadro 5.11. Modelo 04 corregido con Errores Robustos .......................................................... 68 Cuadro 5.12. Test de Especificación Econométrica del modelo 04 corregido con Errores Robustos ...................................................................................................................................... 68 Cuadro 5.13 Impactos Marginales del Modelo 04 corregido con Errores Robustos ................... 69 Cuadro 5.14 Probabilidad Estimada y Predicha de ser Pobre por Nivel Educativo .................... 72 x ÍNDICE DE FIGURAS Figura 2.1 Síntesis del Marco Teórico ........................................................................................ 27 Figura 3.1. Mapa Departamental de Piura ................................................................................... 33 Figura 3.2 Piura: Nivel de educación alcanzado de
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