DOCSLIB.ORG

RECONSTRUCTING the CHOLERA EPIDEMIC in a TIME of EL NIÑO and VULNERABILITY in PIURA, PERU in the EARLY 1990S

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

CHOLERA IN A TIME OF EL NIÑO AND VULNERABILITY IN PIURA, PERU: A CLIMATE AFFAIRS APPROACH By Iván J. Ramírez A DISSERTATION Submitted to Michigan State University in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Geography 2012 ABSTRACT CHOLERA IN A TIME OF EL NIÑO AND VULNERABILITY IN PIURA, PERU: A CLIMATE AFFAIRS APPROACH By Iván J. Ramírez The goal of my dissertation research is to reconstruct the temporal and spatial associations among El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO), social vulnerability and cholera incidence in Piura, Peru from 1991 to 2001 in order to better understand El Niño’s impact on the cholera epidemic in Peru during the 1990s. Piura is important to study because it was one of the first places to report cholera in Peru. It also had one of the highest incidence rates in the country, and historically, the region is known for El Niño. My overarching research questions are: (1) What was the impact of ENSO on cholera incidence in Piura; and (2) How did social vulnerability influence this relationship? My research hypotheses are: (a) There was a temporal association between ENSO, climate and cholera cases in Piura in the 1990s. Furthermore, these associations were stronger after 1992 compared to the onset of the epidemic in 1991; and (b) The spatial variability of the ENSO-climate-cholera associations in Piura in 1997-98 will be explained by the spatial distribution of social vulnerability. Moreover, the level of social vulnerability within districts in Piura will either antagonize or buffer the effects of ENSO and climate on cholera incidence. I address my research questions and hypotheses using a climate affairs approach that is informed by disease ecology and vulnerability theories from the geographic subfields of medical and human-environment geography. Climate affairs is an integrating concept in the earth and social sciences used to understand the interrelationships among climate, environment and society worldwide. Using climate affairs, I developed a conceptual framework that: 1) examines cholera transmission within a broader conception of ENSO; 2) links ENSO-cholera associations to social vulnerability; and 3) considers ENSO-cholera interactions at multiple scales. The key findings of this research suggest that cholera’s temporal association with ENSO was transient throughout the 1990s; the strongest association was found during the 1997-98 El Niño. I also found that cholera transmission occurred through the interactions of global and local sea surface temperatures with rainfall. Furthermore, I demonstrated that the spatial distribution of social vulnerability can in part explain the associations between global and local climate and cholera during the 1997-98 El Niño. However, these associations varied by time lag, district and variable. It also appears that districts on the west coast of the subregion of Piura were the most vulnerable. Lastly, important to the understanding of these findings is that interpretation of ENSO and its association with cholera will highly depend on the Niño definition and region chosen for analysis. This research contributes to future climate-informed initiatives that enhance societal capacities, while focusing on population health and the monitoring of populations during future climate events in Piura, Peru and the Latin American region. Copyright by IVÁN J. RAMÍREZ 2012 This thesis is dedicated to my parents Jorge and Nilda Ramírez v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to greatly thank my dissertation advisor Dr. Sue C. Grady for guidance through the years. I really would not have made it without her full-hearted support. I would also like to thank my committee: Dr. Antoinette WinklerPrins ([Geography] who I credit for bringing me to MSU), Dr. Julie Winkler (Geography), and Dr. Steve Esquith (Philosophy). I would like to express my deep appreciation to Dr. Michael H. Glantz (CCB), my external committee member, for the strong support and Niño wisdom he has bestowed on me since 2006. I am indebted to my collaborators in Peru: Ing. Norma Ordinola, University of Piura, Ing. Grover Otero (Proyecto Chira-Piura), Dr. Elsa Galarza and Joanna Noelia Kamiche Zegarra (University of the Pacific) and Dr. Luis Miguel Castrov V. I would also like to thank: INEI (Piura), the Ministry of Health (Piura and Lima), General Office of Epidemiology (Piura and Lima), Dr. Ana Gil (International Institute of Nutrition), Dr. Marcos Cueto (Institute of Peruvian Studies), Dr. Hildegardo Córdova Aguilar (Applied Geography Research Center at the Pontifical Catholic University), and Pablo Lagos (IGP). I would also like to thank Dr. Gil Compo (wavelet script), Mark Finn (ArcGIS genius), and Moises Smart (Matlab wizard) for their technical support; and a special thank you to Dr. Diane M. Doberneck (UOE) . This study was supported through grants by the following institutions at Michigan State University: Department of Geography, Department of Philosophy (Ethics and Development Specialization), Center for Latin American and Caribbean Studies, and the Graduate School. Support was also provided by CCB in Boulder, CO. In closing, I am forever grateful to my wife Jieun Lee for supporting my dreams and aspirations. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ........................................................................................................................... x LIST OF FIGURES ........................................................................................................................ xi CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................... 1 1.1 The Cholera Epidemic in Peru.......................................................................................... 6 1.2 Explaining the Cholera Epidemic in Peru ......................................................................... 8 1.2.1 Passing Ship Hypothesis ..................................................................................... 8 1.2.2 El Niño-cholera Hypothesis ................................................................................ 8 1.3 Challenging the El Niño-cholera Hypothesis .................................................................. 10 1.4 Study Significance ......................................................................................................... 13 1.5 Dissertation Format ...................................................................................................... 13 CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW ............................................................................................. 15 2.1 ENSO Science and Knowledge ....................................................................................... 15 2.1.1 ENSO Events .................................................................................................... 16 2.1.2 ENSO Monitoring and Definition ...................................................................... 17 2.1.3 ENSO Teleconnections in Peru ......................................................................... 21 2.1.4 ENSO Ecosystem and Societal Impacts in Peru ................................................. 23 2.2 Climate and Cholera Ecology ......................................................................................... 25 2.2.1 Global Climate Parameters and Cholera ........................................................... 27 2.2.2 Local Sea Surface Temperature ........................................................................ 30 2.2.3 Local Rainfall .................................................................................................... 33 2.2.4 Temporal Lags .................................................................................................. 34 2.3 Cholera Transmission and Human Ecology .................................................................... 35 2.4 Cholera and Population Vulnerability ............................................................................ 38 2.4.1 Cholera and Determinants of Health ................................................................ 39 2.4.2 Vulnerable Subpopulations .............................................................................. 42 CHAPTER 3: REEXAMINING EL NIÑO AND CHOLERA IN PERU .................................................... 45 3.1 Recounting El Niño Impacts on Cholera in Peru ............................................................. 45 3.2 The Importance of Definition ........................................................................................ 48 3.3 The La Niña Factor ........................................................................................................ 53 3.4 Geography of El Niño Impacts ....................................................................................... 56 3.5 Rainfall Extremes .......................................................................................................... 60 3.6 Social Dimensions ......................................................................................................... 61 3.7 Summary....................................................................................................................... 62 3.8 Research Questions, Hypotheses and Objectives .......................................................... 63 vii CHAPTER 4: RESEARCH DESIGN ................................................................................................. 65 4.1 Approach, Concepts and Framework............................................................................
Recommended publications
  • Descarga El Certificado Scientific Editorial Board of Sindéresis Press

    Descarga El Certificado Scientific Editorial Board of Sindéresis Press

    Editorial SINDÉRESIS Scientific Editorial Board August 2016 1 Editorial Sindéresis (Sindéresis press) has different Collections, and sometimes these Collections have Series. There is an Editorial Board of Sindéresis Press, and also each Collection has a Editor-in-chef (Coordinador in Spanish) and a Scientific Editorial Board (Academic Advisory Board, we name – Comité Académico Asesor, in Spanish). The Scientific Editorial Board members are not closed, so we work to improve the members and collaborators. At the present the structure and is following: Scientific Editorial Board of Sindéresis Press Editor-in-chef of Sindéresis press and the Editor-in-chef of each Collection composes the Editorial Board of Sindéresis Press. Director de Contenidos de la Editorial – Editor-in-Chef of Sindéresis Press Manuel Lázaro Pulido: Catholic University of Portugal. Porto, Portugal – Theological Institute of Cáceres (Pontifical University of Salamanca). Cáceres, Spain – University Studies Centre (Rey Juan Carlos University). Madrid, Spain. 1. Colección Ensayos (Collection Essays) The collection is publishing with the academic support of the University of Navarra, Spain Editor-in-chef: Mª Idoya Zorroza Huarte: University of Navarra. Spain. Academic Advisory Board: Rafael Alé: University Francisco de Vitoria. Madrid, Spain. Riccardo Campa: Italian-Latin-American Institute. Rome, Italy. Genara Castillo Córdova: University of Piura. Peru. Mª Socorro Fernández García: University of Burgos. Spain. Francisco Javier Grande Quejigo: University of Extremadura, Spain. Antonio Heredia Soriano: University of Salamanca, Spain. Francisco León Florido: Complutense University of Madrid, Spain. Raúl Madrid Ramírez: Catholic University of Chile. Santiago, Chile. Alice Ramos: St. John’s University. New York, USA. Galina Vladimírovna Vdovina. Russian Sciences Academy. Moscow, Russia.
  • Table of Contents

    Table of Contents

    Table of Contents Preface.................................................................................................................................................. xv Volume I Section 1 Digital Divide and Information Access Chapter 1 TacklingtheDigitalDivide:TheShiftfromAccesstoCapacity........................................................... 1 Mark Liptrott, Edge Hill University, UK Chapter 2 TechnologiesforDigitalInclusion:GoodPracticesDealingwithDiversity........................................ 17 Jorge Morato, Carlos III University, Spain Alejandro Ruiz-Robles, University of Piura, Peru Sonia Sanchez-Cuadrado, Jot Internet Media, Spain Miguel Angel Marzal, Carlos III University, Spain Chapter 3 DigitalDivide,DataTrash,andtheCommodificationofInformation:Discoursesaroundthe DigitalDivide....................................................................................................................................... 38 Anusharani Sewchurran, University of KwaZulu Natal, South Africa Chapter 4 WhytheInstitutionalAccessDigitalDivideMightBeMoreSignificantthantheHome BroadbandDivide................................................................................................................................. 61 Christopher McConnell, University of Texas at Austin, USA Joseph Straubhaar, University of Texas at Austin, USA Chapter 5 SociotechnicalandPedagogicalBarrierstoTechnologyIntegration................................................... 80 Nicholas Wilson, Boston
  • Ivan Montiel

    Ivan Montiel

    IVAN MONTIEL Associate Professor of Sustainable Business Narendra Paul Loomba Department of Management • Zicklin School of Business Baruch College • City University of New York 1 Bernard Baruch Way • New York, NY 10010 [email protected] ACADEMIC EMPLOYMENT Zicklin School of Business, Baruch College, City University of New York Associate Professor of Sustainability Management, Loomba Department of Management (2016-present) Business, Society and Sustainability Area Coordinator (2016-present) Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles Associate Professor of Corporate Sustainability, College of Business Administration (2015-2016) Assistant Professor (2011-2015) California State University, Los Angeles Assistant Professor of Management, College of Business & Economics (2009-2010) The University of Texas, Rio Grande Valley Assistant Professor of Management, College of Business Administration (2006-2008) VISITING ACADEMIC EMPLOYMENT University of Piura, Lima, Peru Visiting Professor, MA Strategic Organizational Communication, College of Business (2019) University of Almeria, Spain Visiting Professor, Department of Economics & Business Administration (2015) Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain Visiting Professor, Environmental Science & Technology Institute (2009-2012) EDUCATION Ph.D. in Environmental Science & Management (2006) Donald Bren School of Environmental Science & Management, University of California, Santa Barbara. Dissertation: Essays on the Adoption of Corporate Environmental Practices: Corporate Environmental Policies and ISO 14001. 2007 Finalist Organizations & Natural Environment, Academy of Management Best Dissertation Award. Master of Business & Environmental Management (2001) University Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. Bachelor of Science in Environmental Sciences (1999) Autonomous University of Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain. 1 Ivan Montiel 6/2020 QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH IMPACT Google Scholar (GS): 2,780 Web of Science (WoS): 902 REFEREED JOURNAL ARTICLES 1. Montiel, I., Gallo, P., & Antolin-Lopez, R.
  • Impacts Socio-Environnementaux De La Libéralisation Économique Au Pérou: Étude De Deux Entreprises Minières Canadiennes

    Impacts Socio-Environnementaux De La Libéralisation Économique Au Pérou: Étude De Deux Entreprises Minières Canadiennes

    UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL IMPACTS SOCIO-ENVIRONNEMENTAUX DE LA LIBÉRALISATION ÉCONOMIQUE AU PÉROU: ÉTUDE DE DEUX ENTREPRISES MINIÈRES CANADIENNES MÉMOIRE PRÉSENTÉ COMME EXIGENCE PARTIELLE DE LA MAÎTRISE EN SCIENCE POLITIQUE par GENEVIÈVE LAMBERT-PILOTTE Avril 2006 Uf\IIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL Service des bibliothèques Avertissement La diffusion de ce mémoire se fait dans le respect des droits de son auteur, qui a signé le formulaire Autorisation de reproduire et de diffuser un travail de recherche de cycles supérieurs (SDU-522 - Rév.01-2006). Cette autorisation stipule que «conformément à l'article 11 du Règlement no 8 des études de cycles supérieurs, [l'auteur] concède à l'Université du Québec à Montréal une licence non exclusive d'utilisation et de publication de la totalité ou d'une partie importante de [son] travail de recherche pour des fins pédagogiques et non commerciales. Plus précisément, [l'auteur] autorise l'Université du Québec à Montréal à reproduire, diffuser, prêter, distribuer ou vendre des copies de [son] travail de recherche à des fins non commerciales sur quelque support que ce soit, y compris l'Internet. Cette licence et cette autorisation n'entraînent pas une renonciation de [la] part [de l'auteur] à [ses] droits moraux ni à [ses] droits de propriété intellectuelle. Sauf entente contraire, [l'auteur] conserve la liberté de diffuser et de commercialiser ou non ce travail dont (il] possède un exemplaire.» REMERCIEMENTS Je voudrais remercier mes parents, Jean-Francois Léonard, Juan Aste Daffos, Walter Olivari, Alex Boissonneault, Pierina Yupenqui, Erwin et Carola Shindler, le Cercle d'étude environnementale de l'Université de Lima, Dominique Poissan, Mathieu Fontaine ainsi que l'ensemble des gens que j'ai interviewés pour avoir rendu possible cette belle aventure.
  • Table of Contents

    Table of Contents

    TABLE OF CONTENTS SECTIONS 1. Audience - AUD ........................................................................................................ 4 2. Communication Policy & Technology - CPT ............................................................. 14 3. Community Communication - COC ......................................................................... 27 4. Emerging Scholars - ESN ......................................................................................... 42 5. Gender and Communication - GEC .......................................................................... 50 6. History - HIS ........................................................................................................... 61 7. International Communication - INC ........................................................................ 67 8. Journalism ResearcH & Education - JRE + UNESCO .................................................. 83 9. Law - LAW ............................................................................................................ 106 10. Media and Sport - MES ....................................................................................... 113 11. Media Education ResearcH - MER ....................................................................... 117 12. Mediated Communication, Public Opinion & Society - MPS ................................ 122 13. Participatory Communication ResearcH - PCR ..................................................... 129 14. Political Communication - POL ...........................................................................
  • Peru and Its New Challenge in Higher Education: Towards a Research University

    Peru and Its New Challenge in Higher Education: Towards a Research University

    New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences Volume 4, Issue 1 (2017) 446-453 ISSN 2421-8030 www.prosoc.eu Selected Papers of 9th World Conference on Educational Sciences (WCES-2017) 01-04 February 2017 Hotel Aston La Scala Convention Center, Nice, France Peru and its new challenge in higher education: Towards a research university Carlos Lavalle a *, Department Economics, University of Piura, 01360, Piura, Peru. Victor Nicolas b, Department Economics, University of Piura, 01360, Piura, Peru. Suggested Citation: Lavalle, C. & Niocalas, V. (2017). Peru and its new challenge in higher education: Towards a research university. New Trends and Issues Proceedings on Humanities and Social Sciences. [Online]. 4(1), pp 446-453. Available from: www.prosoc.eu Selection and peer review under responsibility of Prof. Dr. Jesus Garcia Laborda, University of Alcala, Spain. ©2017 SciencePark Research, Organization & Counseling. All rights reserved. Abstract The paradigm of research universities linked to the emergence of university rankings has unified and universalized the criteria relating to the quality of higher education. This situation has led to multiple responses across global society, which has started rating the quality of higher education systems through these rankings, supported by a series of indicators aligned to the characteristics of research universities. Given that the quality of a country’s higher education is one of the fundamental pillars of its development, many countries have started to take government action in this respect. In the case of Peru, the response has been quick, with law 30220 being approved in 2014. It aims to regulate the quality of higher education through a series of specific conditions.
  • Water Footprint Assessment of Bananas Produced by Small Banana Farmers in Peru and Ecuador

    Water Footprint Assessment of Bananas Produced by Small Banana Farmers in Peru and Ecuador

    Water footprint assessment of bananas produced by small banana farmers in Peru and Ecuador L. Clercx1, E. Zarate Torres2 and J.D. Kuiper3 1Technical Assistance for Sustainable Trade & Environment (TASTE Foundation), Koopliedenweg 10, 2991 LN Barendrecht, The Netherlands; 2Good Stuff International CH, Blankweg 16, 3072 Ostermundigen, Bern, Switzerland; 3Good Stuff International B.V., PO Box 1931, 5200 BX, s’-Hertogenbosch, The Netherlands. Abstract In 2013, Good Stuff International (GSI) carried out a Water Footprint Assessment for the banana importer Agrofair and its foundation TASTE (Technical Assistance for Sustainable Trade & Environment) of banana production by small farmers in Peru and Ecuador, using the methodology of the Water Footprint Network (WFN). The objective was to investigate if the Water Footprint Assessment (WFA) can help define strategies to increase the sustainability of the water consumption of banana production and processing of smallholder banana producers in Peru and Ecuador. The average water footprint was 576 m3 t-1 in Ecuador and 599 m3 t-1 for Peru. This corresponds respectively to 11.0 and 11.4 m3 per standard 18.14 kg banana box. In both samples, approximately 1% of the blue water footprint corresponds to the washing, processing and packaging stage. The blue water footprint was 34 and 94% of the total, respectively for Ecuador and Peru. This shows a strong dependency on irrigation in Peru. The sustainability of the water footprint is questionable in both countries but especially in Peru. Paradoxically, the predominant irrigation practices in Peru imply a waste of water in a context of severe water scarcity. The key water footprint reduction strategy proposed was better and more frequent dosing of irrigation water.
  • Centro De Seguridad Ciudadana Y Control Municipal – Piura – Piura- Piura”

    Centro De Seguridad Ciudadana Y Control Municipal – Piura – Piura- Piura”

    UNIVERSIDAD PRIVADA ANTENOR ORREGO FACULTAD DE ARQUITECTURA, URBANISMO Y ARTES ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE ARQUITECTURA TESIS PARA OPTAR EL TÍTUO PROFESIONAL DE ARQUITECTO “CENTRO DE SEGURIDAD CIUDADANA Y CONTROL MUNICIPAL – PIURA – PIURA- PIURA” AUTORES: Bach. Arq. Chiroque Velásquez, Evelyn Nathaly. Bach. Arq. More Ayala, Samantha Aymeé. ASESOR: Ms. Arq. Enriquez Relloso, José Antonio. PIURA – PERÚ FEBRERO 2021 UNIVERSIDAD PRIVADA ANTENOR ORREGO Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Artes Escuela profesional de arquitectura Tesis presentada a la Universidad Privada Antenor Orrego (UPAO), Facultad de Arquitectura, Urbanismo y Arte en cumplimiento parcial de los requerimientos para el Título Profesional de Arquitecto. Por: Bach. Arq. Chiroque Velásquez, Evelyn Nathaly. Bach. Arq. More Ayala, Samantha Aymeé. Jurado Evaluador Presidente : Dr. Arq. Carlos Eduardo Zulueta Cueva Secretario : Ms. Arq. Shareen Maely Rubio Perez Vocal : Ms. Arq Carlos Martin Sachun Azabache PIURA – PERÚ FEBRERO 2021 2 3 UNIVERSIDAD PRIVADA ANTENOR ORREGO AUTORIDADES ACADÉMICAS ADMINISTRATIVA 2020 - 2025 Rectora: Dra. Felicita Yolanda Peralta Chávez Vicerrector Académico: Dr. Luis Antonio Cerna Bazán Vicerrector de Investigación: Dr. Julio Luis Chang Lam FACULTAD DE ARQUITECTURA, URBANISMO Y ARTES AUTORIDADES ACADÉMICAS 2019 - 2022 Decano: Dr. Roberto Helí Saldaña Milla Secretario Académico: Dr. Arq. Luis Enrique Tarma Carlos ESCUELA PROFESIONAL DE ARQUITECTURA Director: Dra. Arq. María Rebeca del Rosario Arellano Bados ECHIROQUEV CENTRO DE SEGURIDAD CIUDADANA Y CONTROL MUNICIPAL SMOREA DEDICATORIA A DIOS Por darnos la sabiduría, la fuerza y la perseverancia para poder cumplir nuestros objetivos. A NUESTROS PADRES Por las enseñanzas, el amor y la paciencia. A NUESTROS HERMANOS Por apoyarnos y ser partícipe de cada momento. Los Autores IV ECHIROQUEV CENTRO DE SEGURIDAD CIUDADANA Y CONTROL MUNICIPAL SMOREA ÍNDICE DE CONTENIDO RESUMEN………………………………………………………………….…...………1 ABSTRACT……………………………………………………………..………………2 I.
  • Our Firm's Brochure in English

    Our Firm's Brochure in English

    Av. Paseo de la República 3565 Piso 9 San Isidro, Lima, PERÚ Phone (511) 440-1032, 421-5155 Fax (511) 421-3759 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.nexiaperu.com.pe Page Nº 1/32 Av. Paseo de la República 3565 Piso 9 San Isidro, Lima, PERÚ Phone (511) 440-1032, 421-5155 Fax (511) 421-3759 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.nexiaperu.com.pe URBIZAGÁSTEGUI & ASOCIADOS is a business auditing and consulting company established on 30 December 1992. Since then, we have been operating with significant success in the Peruvian market, led by professionals of recognised prestige with impeccable ethics and morals in the business environment. Our vast experience in the services we provide enables us to guarantee our clients efficient personalised professional assistance with high added value. In this way, our professional experience combines with your business skills to efficiently and effectively contribute to achieving your business goals and objectives. Our work philosophy is based on permanently striving for optimum quality of our services, through teamwork and ongoing individual and collective training of our multidisciplinary team of professionals. Responding to the challenge of globalisation of services, in 2000 we became a member firm of NEXIA INTERNATIONAL, the renowned global network of independent auditing and consulting firms and a top 9 business auditing and consulting company, as a result of the increased quality of our services and the suitability of our professional staff. This backing Page Nº 2/32 Av. Paseo de la República 3565 Piso 9 San Isidro, Lima, PERÚ Phone (511) 440-1032, 421-5155 Fax (511) 421-3759 E-mail: [email protected] Website: www.nexiaperu.com.pe enables us to provide local expertise and a strategic vision of global business to our clients anywhere in the world as required by their businesses.
  • Brochure IMBA 2017.Pdf

    Brochure IMBA 2017.Pdf

    INTERNATIONAL Index 06 Our mission / Director’s words 08 Personal Statement 10 About the program 12 Why ESAN? 14 Emphasis on providing an International business experience 16 Partner universities worldwide 18 Double Degree Agreements 25 The program curriculum 27 Core courses 28 Management skills program 30 Renowned faculty 35 Why Peru? Our mission “To help students become competitive and upstanding leaders and professionals who possess excellent critical thinking skills and an international vision of the world. We strive to strengthen skills and values through education and research.” Director’s words Welcome to one of the most unique academic programs Through our International MBA, students will have a in the region. The International MBA is a response to direct interaction with people in the dominant foreign the Internationalization process in which the region is language: English. Not only will they live within an immersed. international environment with their peers in Peru, but could also take advantage of our international Since the adoption of pro-market reforms, not only agreements. Thus, becoming exposed to different have Latin American countries received massive flows perspectives to understand the world. of FDI directed to different economic sectors, but they have also produced a new breed of multinationals: The These unique features allow the International MBA to be Multilatinas. This integration of Latin American countries the best alternative in the market in responding to new with the global economy calls for a new type of demands from the business community. Therefore, we executive. Nowadays, companies require managers with are pleased to invite you to live a globalized experience a global perspective capable of responding to strategies from the first day.
  • Peruvian Electorate Polarized in Wake of Campaign Shakedown Elsa Chanduvã Jaã±A

    Peruvian Electorate Polarized in Wake of Campaign Shakedown Elsa Chanduvã Jaã±A

    University of New Mexico UNM Digital Repository NotiSur Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) 3-25-2016 Peruvian Electorate Polarized in Wake of Campaign Shakedown Elsa Chanduvà Jaña Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/notisur Recommended Citation Chanduvà Jaña, Elsa. "Peruvian Electorate Polarized in Wake of Campaign Shakedown." (2016). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/ notisur/14410 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Latin America Digital Beat (LADB) at UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in NotiSur by an authorized administrator of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. LADB Article Id: 79930 ISSN: 1060-4189 Peruvian Electorate Polarized in Wake of Campaign Shakedown by Elsa Chanduví Jaña Category/Department: Peru Published: 2016-03-25 Less than a month from Peru’s April 10 presidential and congressional elections, the campaign season is overshadowed by the exclusion of two presidential candidates, the voluntary withdrawal of others, marked polarization, and the questioning of the electoral judicial panels (NotiSur, Jan. 29, 2016). On March 8, the Jurado Nacional Electoral (JNE) excluded César Acuña, presidential candidate for the Alianza Para el Progreso (APP), and Julio Guzmán, candidate for the Todos por el Perú party (TPP). The decision to remove Acuña was unanimous, based on his violation of the Ley de Organizaciones Políticas, (the law regulating political organizations) when he gave 10,000 soles (US $3,003) to merchants in the city of Chosica, Lima province, and 5,000 soles (US$1,501) to a youth with disabilities during a campaign event in the northwestern department of Piura.
  • Mhimeuicanjiuseum PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK 24, N.Y

    Mhimeuicanjiuseum PUBLISHED by the AMERICAN MUSEUM of NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST at 79TH STREET, NEW YORK 24, N.Y

    1ovitatesMhimeuicanJiuseum PUBLISHED BY THE AMERICAN MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY CENTRAL PARK WEST AT 79TH STREET, NEW YORK 24, N.Y. NUMBER 2 028 MAY 8, 196I Birds of the Western Slope of the Andes of Peru1 BY MARIA KOEPCKE2 INTRODUCTION During the ecological and zoogeographical studies that I undertook with my husband, H.-W. Koepcke, in the course of nine years on the western side ofthe Peruvian Andes, I observed that a considerable num- ber of birds have a more extensive distribution than had been known heretofore. It had not been perceived that several life zones ofnorthwest- ern Peru and western Ecuador, with their special biotopes, extend along the western slope of the Andes to middle Peru and beyond. The most interesting findings seem to be that the humid division of the temperate zone described by Chapman (1926) for Ecuador and northwestern Peru extends at least to middle Peru, split into a chain of "insular woods" (M. Koepcke, 1954, 1957, 1958; H.-W. Koepcke, 1958, and MS), and, moreover, the fact that we find in middle Peru, in the lower part of the western Andean slope, the southernmost patches of forest composed of trees which shed their leaves during the dry season. I have included a few observations on birds of the ocean shores and on migratory birds. I found further novelties in relation to distribution during a revision of Peruvian birds in the American Museum of Natural History in New 'Taxonomical and faunal bases for the ecological-zoogeographical studies of H.-W. and M. Koepcke, No. 27, with support from the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, Bad Godes- berg, Germany.