American Sociological Association Volume 28 Number 3 Community & Urban Sociology Section Summer 2016 CUSS Newsletter

INSIDE THIS ISSUE: CONFERENCE FEATURE: URBAN CASCADIA

Ryan Centner ure 1), including innova- London School tions and inequalities. of Economics Cascadia, to begin, is a somewhat contested term For those of you at- (Helm 1993; Smith 2008; tending the Seattle annu- Abbott 2009). As a re- -Editor’s Note 3 al meetings: Welcome to gional moniker, clearly it -News & Notes 4 the northwestern edge of references the Cascade -Calls for Submissions the Americas – Range of mountains that “Cascadia” – a region I run from northern Califor- The Seattle skyline is in the mid- -CUSS Election Results 5 am proud to call home, nia up to southern British dle of the Cascadia Corridor along -New Dissertations -New Books 6 even though I currently Columbia. Its vernacular I-5. live some 5,000 miles origins derive from popu- Conference Features: away in an increasingly lar depictions of the Pa- -Climate Change, Trau- 15 wash of winds and wa- ma, and Coastal Cities provincial archipelago cific Northwest as a kind ters. As a distinct region, -Glimpse of Seattle 19 known as the British of “ecotopia” (Callenbach Cascadia arises from Isles. If this is your first 1975; Garreau 1981), both a natural integrity encounter with the Pacific reflecting both a unique (e.g., landforms and -2016 ASA CUSS Panels 24 Northwest, you may be landscape and unusual & Roundtables earth-plates, weather pat- -2016 CUSS Awards 25 scratching your head. society-environment rela- terns and ocean currents, -2016 ASA CUSS 28 What is Cascadia? And tionship. Seattle-based flora, fauna, watersheds, Reception how can someone so far sociologist David McClos- etc.) and a sociocultural away still consider it key (1988: n.p.) devel- unity (e.g., native cul- “home”? I aim to answer oped the notion of a tures, a shared history these questions while cross-border bioregion, and destiny). briefly conveying some of noting that: Beyond these early the distinctive features Cascadia is a land reflections, the idea of that define the three larg- rooted in the very bones Cascadia has been fur- est Northwestern cities of of the earth, and animat- ther developed along po Vancouver, Seattle, and ed by the turnings of sea Portland (see map in Fig- and sky, the mid-latitude Cascadia, p.8

C h a i r ’ s M e s s a g e Kevin Fox Gotham, Tulane University

We have a fantastic Sessions at the ASA to a number of CUSS ASA meeting coming up meeting, as well as members who have given in Seattle in August. I award winners and elec- much of time and effort to hope everyone has made tion results for section support the section. plans to attend. The officers held this spring. I First, I would like to offer newsletter includes infor- want to express my a special thank you to mation about the CUSS thanks and appreciation Chair, p.2 P a g e 2 Volume 28 Number 3

C h a i r ’ s M e s s a g e from page 1

Nicole Marwell for serving dams Award for Best Arti- dues and therefore time to join such a com- as Chair of the Nomina- cle, thank you to Josh should be leaders and mittee, the following are tions Committee. Nicole Pacewicz (chair), Chase decision-makers for the general guidelines that handled all the logistical Billingham, and Jonathan section. According to out characterize the time and tasks of contacting peo- Wynn. For the Robert E. bylaws, the CUSS Coun- effort expected of com- ple and we really appreci- Park Award for Best cil has the “power to carry mittee members and ate her hard work and Book, I wish to thank Pat- out all necessary opera- council members. effort at making the elec- rick Sharkey (chair), Pa- tions for the Section. The Expectations of CUSS tions successful. Please tricia Herzog, and Rory Council shall make deci- Committee Members. join in welcoming the new Kramer. For the Student sions by majority rule of Accepting membership section officers that are Paper Award, thank you its attending members.” on a CUSS Committee listed in the Newsletter. I to Shelley Kimelberg Based on discussions, I means a full-year com- want to give a big thank (chair), Marco Garrido, developed and vetted mitment to do the follow- you to everyone who ac- Jean Beaman, and Pam- with Ray and Deirdre a ing: cepted the nomination to ela Pricket. The award tentative set of expecta- •Perform agreed upon run for office. On behalf winners are listed in this tions for CUSS Commit- tasks as decided through of the section, we appre- issue of the Newsletter. tee members and Council committee ciate your willingness to Many thanks to those members. I then submit- •Communicate and follow serve the section. who submitted their ex- ted a draft of expecta- up regularly with commit- I want to thank our cellent work, making the tions to the Council for tee chair regarding spe- section session organiz- committees’ tasks both their feedback. The cific tasks, needs and ers: Joe Galaskiewicz for challenging and reward- Council approved the requests serving as organizer of ing. Also, congratulations amendments with the •Report progress of tasks the Session on Urban to the winners! The final daft going to the as requested Spatial Inequality; Nicole award plaques will be ASA for their approval. •Assist in recruiting new Marwell and Michael given at the CUSS Re- The ASA has an ex- committee members and McQuarrie for serving as ception (6:30PM) on Sat- tensive review process CUSS members general- organizers of the Session urday, August 20 at the for proposed new bylaws ly on Transformations in Seattle Public Library. I and amendments. The •Attend ASA meeting and Contemporary Urban want to thank Ryan Cent- ASA Committee on Sec- CUSS Business Meeting Governance; and ner for leading the plan- tions and the ASA Coun- •Attend CUSS events, Rachael Woldoff for serv- ning and organizing effort cil reviewed the proposed especially CUSS recep- ing as organizer of the for our CUSS reception. amendments to the tion Session on Crime, Disor- I want to thank CUSS CUSS bylaws. After ASA Expectations of CUSS der, and the City. I also members for voting to Council approved the Council Members. Ac- want to thank Meredith approve the two amend- bylaws amendments, cepting membership on Greif for kindly offering to ments to the CUSS by- they were placed on the the CUSS Council means take the lead in organiz- laws. Let me give you CUSS ballot for ASA’s a three-year commitment ing the roundtables. The some background and spring election. As you to do the following: number of CUSS information about the know, both amendments •Perform agreed upon roundtables has grown in amendments. Last sum- received a majority of tasks as decided through recent years at the ASA mer, I had several con- favorable votes. They go committee meetings, a sign of in- versations with past-chair into force on the last day •Communicate and follow creased interest in the Ray Hutchison, chair- of the 2016 ASA meeting. up regularly with commit- topics and themes of ur- elect Deirdre Oakley, Here are the amend- tee chair regarding spe- ban and community soci- several CUSS Council ments: cific tasks, needs and ology. Members, and others requests A big thank you to the about formulating a set of -Amendment #1: In order •Report progress of tasks members of our CUSS expectations for mem- to give potential CUSS as requested award committees. For bers of the Council and Committee members and •Assist in recruiting new the Robert and Helen members of the various Council members a committee members and Lynd Career - Lifetime CUSS Committees. sense of what is ex- CUSS members general- Achievement Award, I There was some concern pected so that they can ly want to thank Miriam that CUSS Committee make a decision of •Attend annual ASA Greenberg (chair), Emily members and Council whether they can commit meeting each year of the Molina, and Miranda Mar- members pay CUSS the appropriate amount of three-year term tinez. For the Jane Ad- CUSS Newsletter P a g e 3

•Attend CUSS Council, about a successor. There ASA member database CUSS Business Meeting, is no formal process of by name. Only current and other CUSS events, nomination for the listserv ASA members (and those especially CUSS recep- since it is not owned and who are not already tion each year of the controlled by the ASA. It members of CUSS) are three-year term is important that whoever eligible to receive a gift manages the listserv be section membership. You EDITOR’S NOTE Amendment #2: There someone who is an ac- may purchase several William G. Holt shall be a Membership tive members of CUSS memberships at one Birmingham-Southern Committee to identify and is collegial and un- time, with an easy check- College strategies to retain cur- derstands the importance out and payment process rent members and recruit of monitoring and enforc- within the secure ASA As the 2016 ASA An- new members. The ing listserv etiquette. We database. Section mem- nual Meetings approach, Membership Committee are happy that Deirdre berships will be activated the CUSS Section will be will have three members. Oakley eagerly volun- immediately; recipients offering an exciting set of The chair of the Member- teered to take Judith’s will receive an e-mail no- panels and roundtables. ship Committee will be place and manage the tifying them of the gift. Unfortunately, since elected for a three-year listserv. I thank CUSS Please consider gifting a the ASA scheduled the term. The other two Council Members for their CUSS membership to a meetings at the end of members will be appoint- support and endorsement few of your current stu- August, many of us will ed by the CUSS Section of Deirdre’s leadership dents! We are aiming to not be able to attend due Chair with input from the and management of the increase our section to required beginning of CUSS Council and the COMM_R21 Listserv. membership this year, term responsibilities at chair of the Membership There has been some and we need your help. our home institutions. Committee. The two ap- discussion over the past Members who join sec- This is the second year pointed members will year about developing a tions early in the year many of us missed the serve a one-year term, set of listserv rules, receive far more benefit annual meetings due to renewable annually. The guidelines, and etiquette. from their memberships this scheduling choice. elected chair member The ASA has their own than those who are add- With the ASA reviewing may not concurrently guidelines and rules of ed later in the year. future annual meeting serve as a member of the etiquette regarding These members have dates, I hope they will CUSS Council, nor be listserv behavior. The more of an opportunity to return to earlier August another officer of the sec- CUSS Council may want engaged with the sec- meeting dates that were tion. to adopt or promulgate tion’s activities during the previously selected in The election of Mem- some guidelines and year and participate at other years bership Committee mem- rules of etiquette for the the Annual Meeting. Con- Congratulations to bers will take place in COMM_R21 Listserv. sequently they are more the winners of the 2016 2017, the year after the Anyway, let me know if likely to stay active after CUSS Section elections amendment to the bylaws you have any thoughts the current membership and thanks to all who was approved. We need and opinions. We can year. stood for election. a Committee that has discuss at the ASA meet- That is all for now. I As I prepare for the specific responsibility for ing. hope to see everyone at CUSS Newsletter’s three reaching out to current Finally, please consid- the ASA meeting and at editions for 2016-17 members to sustain their er sharing your excite- the CUSS reception. please send me your membership and partici- ment about CUSS with ideas for features and pation, and adopting spe- your colleagues and stu- stories to cific strategies to recruit dents. Here is a link to [email protected]. new members. gift membership if you You may have heard are feeling particularly that Judith Friedman, generous http://asa. long-time manager of the enoah.com/Home/ COMM_R21 Listserv has My-ASA/Gift-Section (the retired. Back in the fall, I page will prompt you to talked with Ray log in). Once in the sys- Hutchison, Deirdre Oak- tem, you can choose ley, and several others CUSS, then search the P a g e 4 Volume 28 Number 3

CALLS for SUBMISSIONS

●ASA Rose Series in tions/rose-series- unifies them – the city. This volume, "Urban The- Sociology-Call for Sub- sociology. But what has happened ory," seeks papers missions- a book series to theory in this endeavor broaching these ques- published by the Russell ●Research in Urban as we confront a vast tions and representing Sage Foundation, is Sociology, Volume 16: world of cities? the breadth of theory in seeking book proposals. Urban Theory, edited by For example, sociolo- urban sociology today. The Rose Series publish- Ryan Centner, London gists have been strangely Please send a 500-700 es cutting-edge, highly School of Economics-Call absent from recent de- word summary abstract visible, and accessible for submissions: Urban bates about “postcolonial of your potential contribu- books that offer synthetic sociology and particularly urbanism," "planetary tion to the volume editor, analyses of existing its theoretical aspects urbanization," and Ryan Centner, at fields, challenge prevail- have witnessed major "comparative urban stud- [email protected]. ing paradigms, and/or shifts over the decades, ies." How can urban soci- Abstracts are due August offer fresh views on en- whether renaissances or ologists weigh in here? 30, 2016 and a full manu- during controversies. existential crises, new What sort of distinct, dis- script draft is due by Jan- Books published in the trajectories or substantive ciplinary intervention can uary 15, 2017, with ex- Series reach a broad au- revisits. After a century of we offer in these current pected publication in Fall dience of sociologists, urban sociology, the sub- quarrels over urban theo- 2017. Please send sub- other social scientists, field is strikingly diverse ry? missions as PDFs, with and policymakers. Please in content, focus, and Beyond those de- “URBAN THEORY” at the submit a 1-page sum- vision; urban sociologists bates, what is urban beginning of your email mary and CV to: Lee have proven to be espe- about the cutting edge of subject line. The edited Clarke, rose.series@ cially omnivorous in their our theories? And where volume will comprise Vol- sociology.rutgers.edu. work, perhaps respond- are our theories -- which ume 16 of the series Re- For more information, ing to the sheer complexi- places figure in our search in Urban Sociolo- visit http://www.asanet. ty and heterogeneity of frameworks, and why? gy, published by Emerald org/research-publica the research object that Press.

NEWS & NOTES

●Lazarus Adua, Univer- an online summary of and Political Science. sity of Northern Iowa and Power Points and draft The Cities Programme is Linda Lobao, Ohio papers for the sessions the graduate education State University, recently are at: https:// branch of the LSE Cities The published "Business At- www.dropbox.com/sh/ research centre hosted 2016 traction and Redistribu- ik5tgrel9ipe4ci/ by the Department of So- ASA Annual tion by U.S. Local Gov- AABaiOlj8s5ru5Zp8b- ciology, and offers both Meetings ernments: To What Ex- PdR3xa?dl=0. Other in- an MSc in City Design tent is there a Zero-Sum formation is available at and Social Science, and feature Relationship between http://neubauercollegi a PhD programme. Su- three CUSS panels Business and Citizens' um.uchicago.edu/faculty/ zanne takes over from as well as Interests?” in State and art_scenes/ as well as Professor Fran Tonkiss. roundtables Local Government Re- http://www.tnc- Also, she has a new pub- view. 8 February 2016. newsletter.blogspot.com/ lication with Julia King and http: scenes- and Robin Finlay (2016) ●Terry Nichols Clark, capes.weebly.com. ‘Migrant Infrastructure: University of Chicago, These three sites have Transaction economies in announces the Building links to videos and publi- Birmingham and Leices- Arts Scenes for Cultural cations. ter, UK’, Urban Studies, Placemaking, Program pp. 1-17, Early View DOI for a Week of Conversa- ●Suzanne Hall has been 10.1177/0042098016634 tions June 18 to 24, appointed as the incom- 586. 2016; The University of ing Director of the Cities Chicago; organized with Programme at the Lon- Daniel Aaron Silver has don School of Economics CUSS Newsletter P a g e 5

NEW DISSERTATIONS

●Going it Alone: Legal bution of health-related Mobilization and Effica- community organizations cy in the Foreclosure and service providers Crisis across communities as -Emily S. Taylor Poppe an explanatory factor in Cornell University understanding the segre- -Erin York Cornwell, gation-health link. Using advisor nation-wide data on or- CUSS This dissertation eval- ganizations in a national uates the judicial foreclo- analysis, combined with 2016 Election Results sure process as a source an in-depth analysis of

of inequality during and the Phoenix urbanized Chair-Elect: after the Economic Crisis. area, this dissertation Miriam Greenberg, University of California, Santa Cruz Using an original dataset finds that health-related

of a representative ran- community organizations dom sample of 955 fore- are not equally distributed Council Members closure cases initiated in across residential space, Elena Vesselinov, City University of New York New York City between with minority neighbor- Bruce D. Haynes, University of California, Davis 2007 and 2011, she finds hoods being less likely to that legislative reforms have a variety of such Student Member: that increased homeown- facilities. These findings Simone Kolysh, City University of New York er participation and court span a number of differ- intervention in the pro- ent types of health re- Publications Committee cess were more conse- sources, including food Richard Ocejo, John Jay College - CUNY quential for individual sources, physical fitness Heather MacIndoe, University of Massachusetts - Boston case outcomes than the facilities, health care or- use of lawyers. This ganizations, civic associ- Membership Committee: work contributes to exist- ations, and social ser- Emily Molina, Brooklyn College - CUNY ing research on housing vices. Further, in a study Albert Fu, Kutztown University of Pennsylvania policy, inequalities in of families’ health care mortgage lending and utilization across the default, as well as legal Phoenix area, it finds that behavior and access to the unequal distribution of justice. She will be a Vis- such facilities is conse- iting Assistant Professor quential for the residents at Cornell Law School. of segregated areas, even net of their personal ●Residential Segrega- and area-level economic tion and Health Out- resources. Overall, the comes: The Role of dissertation demonstrates Health-Promoting Com- that segregation is relat- munity Organizations in ed to an unequal distribu- Urban Neighborhoods tion of health-related es- -Kathryn Freeman tablishments across ur- Anderson ban space, and that this University of Arizona, inequity patterns the utili- 2016 zation behaviors of those -Joseph Galaskiewicz, residents. This fall she Advisor will be an Assistant Pro- fessor of Sociology at the This dissertation ana- University of Houston. lyzes the relationship be- tween racial/ethnic resi- dential segregation and health and health care outcomes. In particular, it examines how the distri- P a g e 6 Volume 28 Number 3 N E W B O O K S

conventionality with a last resort for many vul- distinct ethos; specifical- nerable Americans— ly, bohemians typically released prisoners, peo- limit their time and com- ple with disabilities or mitment to paid work to mental illness, struggling the minimum necessary addicts, the recently for subsistence in order homeless, and the work- to pursue self-generated, ing poor. Cast aside by often unpaid, artistic, in- their families and main- tellectual, or political ac- stream society, they sur- tivities. Despite bohemi- vive in squalid, unsafe, ans’ self-distancing from and demeaning circum- the market, their sub- stances that few of us cultural appeal is often can imagine. ●The Bohemian Ethos: used to fuel production, For a year, the sociol- Questioning Work and consumption, and urban ogist Christopher P. Dum Making a Scene on the redevelopment, ironically lived in the Boardwalk Lower East Side. 2015, undermining the condi- Motel to better under- New York: Routledge. tions necessary for a bo- stand its residents and -Judith R. Halasz hemian way of life. the varied paths that State University of New Halasz concludes that brought them there. He York, New Paltz bohemians’ unconven- documented how life in tional behaviors and atti- the motel affected their In The Bohemian tudes towards employ- goals and dreams. As Ethos: Questioning Work ment and the broader told through the voices and Making a Scene on work world constitute a and experiences of motel The the Lower East Side politically charged yet residents, Exiled in Amer- CUSS Reception (Routledge, 2015; http:// increasingly precarious ica paints a portrait of a will be held www.routledge.com/ form of cultural resistance vibrant community whose on books/details/97804158 to hegemonic impera- members forged identi- 54399/), Judith R. Halasz tives. ties in response to over- Saturday, examines the creative, whelming stigma and cre- August 20 political, economic, cul- ated meaningful lives de- 6:30pm tural, and social impact of spite crushing economic Seattle Public the Beats, the countercul- instability. Dum wit- ture, the underground, nessed moments of vio- Library indie, and punk scene, lence and conflict, as well and more recent genera- as those of care and tions of bohemians living community. Throughout, on the Lower East Side of he presents a powerful New York. Weaving to- counterforce to the myths gether historical- and stereotypes that of- comparative research, ten plague marginalized ethnography, and her populations. experiences of having In addition to chroni- been raised amidst down- cling daily life at the town New York’s bohe- ●Exiled in America: Life Boardwalk, Dum also mian communities, on the Margins in a follows local neighbor- Halasz deciphers bohe- Residential Motel. 2015. hood efforts to shut the mians’ unconventional New York: Columbia establishment down, behaviors, creative out- University Press. leading to a wider analy- put, and attitudes towards sis of legislative attempts employment and the -Christopher P. Dum. to sanitize shared social broader work world. For Kent State University space. He suggests generations, bohemians meaningful policy chang- have inflected their self- Residential motels es to address the societal marginalization and un- have long been a place of failures that lead to the CUSS Newsletter P a g e 7

need for motels such as political economy and -Michael Maly the Boardwalk. The story transnational ethnogra- Roosevelt University of the Boardwalk, and the phy, he encourages us to Heather Dalmage many motels like it, will think about new political Roosevelt University concern anyone who spaces for practicing cares about the lives of “urban citizenship” by For many whites, de- America's most vulnera- analyzing the connec- segregation initially felt tions linking cities to the like an attack on their web of relations to other community. But how has localities in which they the process of racial are embedded. change affected whites’ Smith systematically understanding of commu- analyzes the dynamics of nity and race? In Vanish- “community power” and ing Eden, Michael Maly “urban change” under and Heather Dalmage new globalizing trends provide an intriguing and increased transna- analysis of the experienc- tional mobility. Expanding es and memories of on his original conceptu- whites who lived in Chi- alization of “transnational cago neighborhoods ex- urbanism,” he frames periencing racial change urban political life within a during the 1950s through ble citizens. wider transnational con- the 1980s. They pay par- text of political practice, in ticular attention to exam- ●Explorations in Urban which an endless inter- ining how young people Theory. 2016. Pisca- play of distinctly situated made sense of what was taway, NJ: Transaction. networks, social practic- occurring, and how this es, and power relations experience impacted their -Michael Peter Smith are fought out at multiple lives. University of California, scales, in an inexorable Using a blend of urban Davis politics of inclusion and studies and whiteness exclusion. studies, the authors ex- For over three dec- amine how racial solidari- ades, urban theorist Mi- ty and whiteness were chael Peter Smith has created and maintained— ASA engaged in constructing often in subtle and unre- CUSS Day innovative theories on flective ways. Vanishing is central research ques- Eden also considers how tions in urban studies. race is central to the Sunday, This book brings together ways social institutions August 2016 his views on the state of such as housing, educa- urban theory, sorting out tion, and employment the changing strengths function. Surveying the and weaknesses in the shifting social, economic, field. and racial contexts, the Smith refocuses atten- authors explore how race tion on the cultural, so- and class at local and cial, and political practic- national levels shaped es of urban inhabitants, ●Vanishing Eden: White the organizing strategies particularly the way in Construction of of those whites who which their everyday ac- Memory, Meaning, and chose to stay as racial tivities have contributed Identity in a Racially borders began to change. to the social construction Changing City. 2016. of new ethnic identities Philadelphia: Temple and new meanings of University Press. urban citizenship. Com- bining the methods of P a g e 8 Volume 28 Number 3

Urban Cascadia from page 1

litical, cultural, entrepre- industrialized economies. marginality, an apprecia- neurial, and even athletic Over the decades, their tion of the local as both lines (Pivo 1996; Sparke economies have trans- intimately place-bound 2005; Smith 2008; Shobe formed several times. and constituted through & Gibson 2016). There is While they retain some connections to else- broad acceptance that key activities tied to the where. Cascadia signals and land, and did undergo On the ground, urban encapsulates a few abid- industrialization to vary- Cascadia is obviously ing, unifying characteris- ing extents (especially green. Visitors frequently tics: a place that is geo- Seattle, as the base of comment they have nev- graphically peripheral, Boeing), these are now er seen such intense, aesthetically and political- predominantly postindus- abundant green before. ly green, and self- trial cities, with technolo- The verdant landscape contentedly different. Ur- gy and a variety of owes much to steady if ban Cascadia – from “creative” fields especially typically light precipitation Portland to Seattle to prominent. through the winter Vancouver – represents a With Seattle in the months, and a temperate particularly uncommon middle of this urban axis, climate year-round. Ever- bundle of shared fea- each of the other cities is green forests – although tures. a 3-hour drive to the routinely clearcut – are north or south. Despite a the natural terrain of this Distinctiveness national and state bor- region. But green is also Seattle is the largest ders, proximity bonds this political in urban Cas- city in this part of the urban Cascadia troika. cadia. This is the heart- world, with a metropolitan This is especially clear in land of the “Left Coast” population of 3.44 million contrast to their shared (Gregory 2015), where (US Census 2010), but its distance from other major progressive, environmen- nearby cousins of Van- cities of the continent tally minded politics and couver, British Columbia (San Francisco is closest, policy are relatively main- at 2.31 million (Statistics at a 10-hour drive from stream. There is robust Canada 2011) and Port- Portland; in contrast, non- opposition as libertarian- land, Oregon at 2.23 mil- stop flights from this re- ism or traditional conserv- lion (US Census 2010) gion to the densely ur- atism; some of this are certainly not small banized Northeast are comes from within these towns. All three cities only slightly shorter than cities, but much of it is were founded following air travel between the centered in suburban and thousands of years of East Coast and Europe). especially rural areas of continuous indigenous Objectively then, urban the region, making for inhabitation of the region: Cascadia is peripheral; stark contrasts and pre- first, Portland in 1845 this edge location is a carious balances in poli- near the end of the Ore- recurring, generally proud tics at the state/province gon Trail and growing as element of self-narratives level in Cascadia. Neolib- a port for agricultural out- about Portland, Seattle, eral (i.e., markets-first) The Urban Cascadia re- put; then Seattle was in- and Vancouver (e.g., values are also embed- gion stretches from Van- corporated in 1869, ini- Sterrett et al 2015; Cas- ded in many versions of couver to Portland. tially flourishing from a cadiaNow! 2016). These ostensibly left politics timber boom and as a places are far from DC here. Political categories gold rush gateway; and and Ottawa, and they are aside, Cascadia is home lastly Vancouver, in 1886, not trying to be New York to some of the most land- was incorporated as the or Toronto or Los Ange- scape-focused cities in terminus for the Canadi- les. Such a positioning North America. Nature an Pacific Railway and an makes it is impossible for literally looms large in anchor of development urban Cascadia to fool these cities, with moun- on the west coast. All itself into believing it is tains (including active three cities were built up the center of the uni- volcanoes) and signifi- to serve largely agrarian verse. It can foster, in- cant bodies of water or extractive rather than stead, an awareness of punctuating the green CUSS Newsletter P a g e 9

terrain visible in Portland, 2015; Goodling et al as hip, beautiful, and live- Seattle, and Vancouver. 2015; McClintock et al able. Indeed, these features 2016). By now these cities comprise the stripes of Partly building on en- have been narrated as Cascadia’s unofficial tri- vironmental superlatives, distinctive or “unusual” for color flag, with green, urban Cascadia has so long that this has be- white (for snowcapped gained fame as atypical – come an attraction – and peaks), blue (for sea and both reflecting and shap- not only for tourists sky), and an archetypal ing the local cultural whose curiosity is piqued. Douglas fir as center- realm. In the early 1990s, Each city in urban Cas- piece (see Figure 2). Seattle was the epicenter cadia has experienced The natural environ- of the grunge aesthetic rapid population growth ment – whatever its actu- and the bands that spear- over the last decade al color – is a frequent headed its sound (Bell (higher than 10% in all point of reference in Cas- 1998), serving as home three), largely through in- cadian cities, from pedes- base for Nirvana, Pearl migration from other re- trian commentary about Jam, and others. More gions of the US and Can- how “the mountains are recently, Portland ada, especially among out” (meaning the weath- achieved celebrity younger adults. While er is clear enough for the through the satirical se- economic opportunities highest summits to be ries Portlandia, with an play a part in this scenar- visible), to widespread anthem announcing that io, these flows do not participation in wilder- “the dream of the ‘90s is necessarily follow an ness-based recreation, to alive in Portland” – refer- abundance of jobs on policies that actively seek ring to the alternative offer, but demonstrate to conserve or revitalize scene centered in Seattle instead an elective affinity resources whether in once upon a time, but terms of recycling or limit- also lampooning Port- ing urban sprawl or pro- land’s urban milieu as moting public transport. “like an alternate uni- Indeed, for North Ameri- verse…where the Bush ca, some of these poli- years never happened” cies where pioneered or (Harris 2012). As Port- revolutionized in Cas- landia heads toward its cadia (see next section seventh season, it pokes on “Innovations”). In sur- fun at local quirks but has veys about resident prior- thrust the city into a pop- ities, Cascadians have cultural limelight like nev- repeatedly placed envi- er before (London 2014; ronmental concerns Wrotham-Galvin 2015). In above crime and the a different register, the economy (e.g., Pivo 2010 Winter Olympics in for a certain Northwest- .Figure 2: Cascadia’s unofficial tri- 1996: 347-348; Rutland Vancouver brought global ern lifestyle (real or imag- colored flag. 2016). These places are attention to the image – if ined) that embraces na- renowned as especially not always the reality – of ture, art, and alternative “liveable” year on year in Canada’s west coast me- values. In the case of various global rankings tropolis as a sleekly de- Portland, this has been (e.g., Holden & Scerri signed, stunningly situat- apparent in nationally 2013) – often as the only ed, cosmopolitan host high rates of unemploy- North American cities to city (Brunet-Jailly 2008; ment among residents in qualify. By some counts, Edelson 2011; Hutton their 20s and 30s over these are forerunner la- 2011; Kennelly 2015). the last decade, often boratories for urban sus- Across these different attributed to new arrivals tainability practices, even modes of ascent into pursuing a distinctive ex- if quite contested (McLain broader view, there is a perience rather than job et al 2012; Lubitow & Mil- consistent narrative about ler 2013; Sterrett et al each city being different Cascadia, p.10 P a g e 10 Volume 28 Number 3

Urban Cascadia from page 9 prospects (Jurjevich and tiful but boring and aim- contemporary US was Market rather neglecting Schrock 2012; Cain Miller less by Lewis Mumford established around the or replacing them 2014; Cortright 2014). (1938; in Artibise et al outskirts of Portland, (Artibise et al 1997: 164- Portland’s self-awareness 1997: 151, 160) on a clearly defining urban and 165). By the 1980s, as as an unusual context planning consultation vis- rural land, and limiting physical and demograph- has become so common- it, Portland quietly trans- uses for certain kinds of ic growth continued place that the phrase formed in the last quarter development in each ar- apace, there were strong, “KEEP PORTLAND of the 20th century, using ea, and channeling dens- broad activist currents WEIRD” is emblazoned techniques atypical else- er settlement in the city, that aimed to counter the across much of the city – where in the US, at least but open to revision – as feared “Los Angelesiza- both in celebration of ec- at first. Experiments root- it has been expanded tion” of the region’s de- centricity and out of con- ed in the 1970s, but with numerous times over its velopment (Artibise et al cern that new arrivals lasting effects are, in 40-year existence (Abbott 1997: 166), yet almost all ought to embrace such chronological order: (1) & Margheim 2008; Adler efforts to innovate in pub- “weird” Portland traits Portland’s downtown revi- 2015). By the close of the lic transport failed at the rather than push it to con- talization, which diverged formative 1970s, Portland polls (MacDonald 1987: form with cities elsewhere from a typical midcentury also adopted a new scale 192-193). One field (see Long 2013: 56-62; American urban renewal of government coordina- where Seattle has suc- Fitzgerald 2016). program and prioritized tion by creating the Met- cessfully innovated is in While most cities now public transport intensifi- ropolitan Service District, its community policing engage in some kind of cation; (2) the urban unprecedented in the US program, becoming a branding and self- growth boundary; and (3) but underpinning a re- nationwide model by the promotion, deploying lo- metropolitan-level gov- gional growth strategy early 2000s (Reed 1999). cal slogans and iconic ernance, orchestrating and facilitating harmoni- The city around Puget images in the service of multiple municipalities zation rather than compe- Sound has fared much touristic and commercial and counties. tition between municipali- better at fostering entre- development, the Cas- In 1972, the ties (Huber & Currie preneurial endeavors cadian version of this “Downtown Plan” for 2007: 715-719). Innova- over the decades: Star- takes a turn. There is Portland aimed to enliven tions in Portland have bucks, Microsoft, and widespread local con- and expand the city’s continued through the Amazon were all born sciousness as different, central district, bringing present, but largely within here, going on to become and pride in that differ- greater flows of people this framework: in particu- massive, mainstreamed, ence, which is apparent and more activities than lar, the massive retrofit- global corporations. This in official and clandestine 9-to-5 office use, which ting of transportation in- has bolstered the area as or artisanal ambits alike was the planning fulcrum frastructure in favor of a booming technology (e.g., Heying 2010). It is of “the Portland Revolu- pedestrians, bicycles, hub, fitting into schemes impossible to miss how tion” (see Irazábal 2005: and a proliferating rail- to create a “spectacular much these are cities in Chapter 5; Abbott 2011: based network has oc- city” with an image of love with themselves and Chapter 7). Rather than curred since the late Northwestern develop- their uniqueness. aiming to displace 1990s. mental success that pre- “blight,” a key emphasis Seattle evinces the sents the image of sus- Innovations was provision of inviting most prototypical North tainability – yet entails Bucking trends – and public spaces and im- American urban patterns many exclusions (Gibson setting new ones – is part provement of public among Cascadian cities. 2004; Owen 2015). of what makes urban transport, first with densi- It was home to the Vancouver, like Port- Cascadia so in love with ty and quality of bus ser- world’s first suburban land, has innovated in the itself. From urban plan- vice, followed by inaugu- shopping mall at channeling of its urban ning to the “creative” ration of a new light-rail Northgate in 1950, development, but with a economy to locavore ma- system in the mid-1980s spawning a model that far greater priority placed nia, these places have – highly unusual for North morphed into an Ameri- on design, and the use of innovated for decades. America at this time, and can norm (Clausen 1984; megaevents. In what has Portland, the smallest virtually non-existent in Crawford 1992: 20); it been described as “the of these cities, has per- cities of this size also was the first US city Vancouver achievement” haps the longest and (Dotterrer 1987). In 1973, to claim federal funds for (Punter 2003), the city most specifically urban pursuant to state-level historic preservation, up- has built with far greater history of innovation. legislation, the first “urban lifting the Pioneer Square density and height than While dismissed as beau- growth boundary” in the district and Pike Place any other North American CUSS Newsletter P a g e 11

city of its size. A uniquely walking and public the sociology of urban transport (McKenzie Vancouver aesthetic de- transport, this is a major Cascadia. 2013); or other forms of fines the city’s core, part- feature of Northwestern striking unevenness in ly due to its hosting the planning (Ozawa 2004; Inequalities incomes and amenities World Expo in 1986 on Sterrett et al 2015). Some The pristine image of (Butz & Zuberi 2012; the occasion of its cen- of its influence can be Cascadia often appears Goodling et al 2015). tennial, and series of later traced to the proliferation too good to be true, and The ethno-racial pro- developments (Olds of parklets (former park- in some important ways it files of Portland, Seattle, 2002), capped off by the ing spaces that become is. In particular, economic and Vancouver have di- Winter Olympics in 2010. miniature public spaces) inequality has become verged from each other But more than simply pro- and a range of other in- significantly more pro- despite shared origins as moting itself to the world, novative public infrastruc- nounced in the region’s settlements with relatively Vancouver has increas- ture (see Ozawa 2004; cities over the last gener- large, homogenous white ingly been host to the Banis & Shobe 2015). ation. Racial inequality populations and compar- world – not just as visi- These elements, alt- has a less straightforward atively sizeable indige- tors, but housing the larg- hough far from uniform in trend as the demographic nous populations. All est foreign-born resident their application, have structure of each city has three metropolitan areas population in the region. been aggressively ap- shifted in the same peri- are home today to more Immigration is especially plied in urban Cascadia, od, and earlier histories robust indigenous popu- prominent from Asia; placing the region on the of diversity (including lations than most large flows began from China cutting edge of some city- both its promotion and its North American cities, but and Japan a century ago, making (and remaking) suppression) continue to this share is now de- but now all Asian subre- techniques being rolled exert local influence. To creasing. The white pro- gions are represented out around the world. be sure, inequalities inter- portion of the population with sizeable populations Another innovation sect clearly with the inno- is also in relative decline. of immigrants and Cana- shared by Seattle, Van- vations and overall dis- Vancouver is the most dian-born descendants. couver, and Portland has tinctiveness outlined ethnoracially diverse in This has led to several been the promotion of the above. this set, with large popu- neighborhood clusters in “locavore” scene. This is Although all three cit- lations of people of color the Vancouver region especially about craft cui- ies are seen overall as (in the official Canadian with distinct ethnic identi- sine and beverage pro- economic successes in lexicon, this is “visible ties, although these are duction, but it exceeds recent years – especially minorities,” plus internally diverse them- this as well – in the priz- Seattle’s technology sec- “Aboriginals” [“First Na- selves, despite vernacu- ing of all kinds of local tor – there is a clear crisis tions” and “Métis” and lar names such as “Little goods, businesses, ide- of urban affordability “Inuit”]) together forming Punjab” (Hiebert 2015). as, and strategies across the region. This the majority of the popu- In a broader sense, while (Fitzgerald 2016). This has resulted in significant lation – 53.8% in 2011. there are significant fric- has been part of the flour- gentrification, including Within the heterogeneous tions and contradictions, ishing food – and espe- some of the worst home- Vancouver population of Vancouver has innovated cially food cart – scene in lessness on the continent color, there are significant in remaking itself aes- these cities, underlining (Blomley 2004; Gibson pockets of extreme pov- thetically but also soci- their status as innovators 2004; Shaw & Sullivan erty (Hiebert 2015); this oculturally (Blomley 2004; from donuts to whiskey to 2011; Chen et al 2012; minority population is pre- Edelson 2011; Menéndez coffee (e.g., Heying 2010; Moos 2014; Hyde 2014; dominantly Asian, where- Tarrazo 2016). Newman & Burnett 2013; Kennelly 2015). Despite as Latinos (1.6% of city Across all three cities Koch 2015), all within a the persistently green population) and Canadi- of Cascadia, the tenets of frame of ostensible sus- narrative of Cascadian ans of African descent “new urbanism” have tainability. Yet locavorism cities outlined above, (1% of city population) broadly defined the ongo- runs the risk of romantici- there are the region’s are particularly few in ing realization of 1970s zation (Heying 2015), poorest residents are not Vancouver (Statistics planning innovations in much the same as New able to enjoy many of the Canada 2011), compared the region. Taking the Urbanism. These suscep- fruits of so-called sustain- with US and eastern Can- form of compact mixed- tibilities points to the able development – ada counterparts. The used development that need to look beneath the whether through dispro- large presence and rela- aims to foster neighborly surface of this innovation portionate exposure to tive wealth of immigrants interaction and discour- and those above to un- pollution (Bae et al 2007); age car usage through derstand more thoroughly lacking access to public Cascadia, p.12 P a g e 12 Volume 28 Number 3

Urban Cascadia from page 11

from Hong Kong and In Seattle, the African is known, and its inequali- and innovation together is China in particular have American population has ties which receive less important for grasping not led to always-easy historically been numeri- widespread attention. how urban Cascadia is a relations with white Van- cally and politically more New urbanism (especially place with real challenges couverites; tensions have robust (Singler et al its emphasis on sustaina- rather than a kind of uto- been especially strong 2011). Since the 1990s, bility), rising economic pia where somehow the around priorities of resi- however, while th popula- tides, and locavorism can prosaic dilemmas of city dential development and tion size of black Seattlei- obviously all shape life have been resolved. construction regulation tes has remained steady, unique, inspiring urban This joint consideration is (Olds 2002; Mitchell their relative wealth has places. Yet several lines also paramount for find- 2004). declined due to gentrifica- of research show how ing new, more just solu- Seattle and Portland tion and their composition Cascadians of color are tions. But it is especially have significantly smaller has become more for- significantly excluded imperative in keeping all immigrant populations, eign-born, due especially from these forms of de- Cascadians – not just the especially Portland. Both to the influx of some Afri- velopment: most basical- stereotypical ones with were disproportionately can refugee flows (Balk ly, these are almost never hipster beards or lattes in white as large US cities 2014). Seattle’s Asian geographically uniform in hand or dressed for until the 2000s, having American and Latino pop- their rollout; not every- camping at a moment’s also – relatively – larger ulations have continued where benefits from new notice – at the forefront of indigenous populations to grow over the last two transit-oriented develop- our urban imaginations, (US Census Bureau decades, with Asian Se- ment, not everyone can whether for crafting anal- 2000). Despite the rela- attleites as the largest afford or physically reach yses, assembling strate- tively small size of Port- non-white population in new city amenities (Bae gies, or forging alliances. land’s African American 2010, and Hispanic Seat- et al 2007; Podobnik Urban Cascadia has community, it has been tleites as the fastest- 2011; McKenzie 2013; aimed at inclusion, at an important locus of mo- growing population of Moos 2014; Mills et al least in broad strokes. bilization historically color (Brunner and Mayo 2016). Nonetheless, im- This is a part of the world (Burke & Jeffries 2016). 2011). According to re- portant efforts are under- that continues to attract Over the last 20 years, cent research, these way in some of these cit- rapid growth, and has however, Portland’s shifts in Seattle have ac- ies to rectify wrongs of endeavored to find solu- neighborhoods have lost companied decreased the recent past. This tions to that growth other African American density, access to quality educa- trend – albeit small – in- than mere expansion. It is with analyses showing tion for K-12 students of cludes a program in Port- a place that has inspired this is not so much about color, especially African land to counter African many with its sense of residential integration as Americans (Oliver 2016). American neighborhood identity, but from many overall population de- Asian Americans have displacement by returning quarters there has been a crease and displacement relatively high household former black residents to constant effort to push across a range of neigh- incomes by US urban gentrified areas that were that identity to evolve ra- borhoods (Shandas & standards, and are often majority African American ther than to cordon itself Dann 2012: 16-17). Partly on the positive side of within the last generation off. There is no doubt that this is due to declines in gentrification scenarios in (see Theen 2015; urban Cascadia is in love public housing, especially Seattle (Hwang 2015). Tremoulet et al 2016). with itself, in love with via HOPE VI (see Gibson American Indians in Seat- Such approaches could “the local.” But this is a 2007; Sullivan & Shaw tle, with a long and influ- represent a new para- very flexible category; 2011). In contrast, the ential presence in the digm for urban sustaina- across these cities there Asian American and Lati- city, face the most struc- bility that goes beyond is clear sense that new- no populations of Port- tural disadvantage as a simply shifting risk and ness is welcome, but that land have increased sub- demographic group, in hardship, as is currently respect and a willingness stantially in number since terms of rates of unem- the norm in Cascadia, in to prize and further 1990, and spread across ployment, poverty, and ways that are dispropor- uniqueness are required. more areas with greater homelessness (Thrush tionately detrimental to For some people, once density; nonetheless, 2007). poor communities of color they have experienced Portland Latinos are These snapshots of (Dierwechter 2014; Abel urban Cascadia, it be- overrepresented in poor- change in urban Cas- et al 2015). comes more than a place er areas of the city cadia point to connec- on a map, turning into a (Shandas & Dann 2012: tions between the innova- Closing state of mind, even a 17-19). tions for which the region Thinking about inequality sense of home. So on my CUSS Newsletter P a g e 13

all-too-rare visits back to Perspective on the Metropolitan azine Online. Available at -Gibson, Timothy A. 2004. Se- the region where I grew Portland Urban Growth Bounda- http://www.nytimes.com/2014/0 curing the Spectacular City: The up, where I first learned ry,” in Planning the Pacific 9/21/magazine/will-portland- Politics of Revitalization and Northwest, edited by Jill Sterrett always-be-a-retirement- Homelessness in Downtown to think about cities and et al. Chicago, IL: American community-for-the- Seattle. Lanham, MD: Lexington society, urban Cascadia Planning Association. young.html?_r=0 Books. is always beautiful, yet -Artibise, Alan, Anne Vernez -Callenbach, Ernest. 1975. -Goodling, Erin, Jamaal Green, puzzling; it makes me Moudon, and Ethan Seltzer. Ecotopia: The Notebooks and and Nathan McClintock. 2015. “Cascadia: An Emerging Re- Reports of William Weston. “Uneven development of the think, but it makes me gional Model,” in Cities in Our Berkeley, CA: Banyan Tree sustainable city: Shifting capital feel welcome. I cannot Future, edited by Robert Ged- Books. in Portland, Oregon.” Urban shake this feeling even des. Washington, DC: Island -Cascadia Now! 2016. Available Geography 36(4): 504-527. as I write from so far Press. at http://www.cascadianow.org -Gregory, James. 2015. -Bae, Chang-Hee Christine, Gail -Chen, Wen-Hao, John Myles, “Seattle’s Left Coast Formula.” away, in a United King- Sandlin, Alon Bassok, and and Garnett Picot. 2012. “Why Dissent 62(1): 64-70. dom that is, in the wake Sungyop Kim. 2007. “The Expo- Have Poorer Neighbourhoods -Harris, Paul. 2012. “Portland, of “Brexit,” currently roil- sure of Disadvantaged Popula- Stagnated Economically while the US capital of hip cool, takes ing with anti-innovation, tions in Freeway Air-Pollution the Richer Have Flourished? TV parody in good humour.” Sheds: A Case Study of the Neighbourhoods Income Ine- The Guardian Online. Available pro-inequality, anti- Seattle and Portland Regions.” quality in Canadian Cities.” at http://www.theguardian welcome sentiments, Environment & Planning B: Urban Studies 49(4): 877-896. .com/world/2012/feb/12/portland where the notion of “the Planning & Design 34(1): 154- -Clausen, Meredith L. 1984. -portlandia-tv-alternative-culture local” is exclusionary ra- 170. “Northgate Regional Shopping -Henkel, William B. 1993. -Balk, Gene. 2014. “As Seattle Center: Paradigm from the “Cascadia: A State of (Various) ther than open-minded. gets richer, the city's black Provinces.” Journal of the Soci- Mind(s).” Chicago Review The cities of the Pacific households get poorer.” Seattle ety of Architectural Historians 39(3/4): 110-118. Northwest – shortcom- Times Online. Available at 43(2): 144-161. -Heying, Charles. 2010. Brew to ings and all – embody a http://blogs.seattletimes.com/fyi- -Cortright, Joe. 2014. “Portland: Bikes: Portland’s Artisan Econo- guy/2014/11/12/as-seattle-gets- Hardly ‘A Retirement Communi- my. Portland, OR: Ooligan very different set of expe- richer-the-citys-black- ty for the Young’.” Citylab, for Press. riences and values. I households-get-poorer/ the Atlantic Online. Available at -Heying, Charles. 2015. hope you find ways dur- -Banis, David and Hunter http://www.citylab.com/housing/ “Portland’s Artisan Economy – ing your time in urban Shobe. 2015. Portlandness: A 2014/09/portland-hardly-a- Beyond the Myth of Romantic Cultural Atlas. Seattle, WA: retirement-community-for-the- Localism,” in Planning the Pacif- Cascadia to discover Sasquatch Books. young/380381/ ic Northwest, edited by Jill Ster- these for yourselves. -Bell, Thomas. 1998. “Why Crawford, Margaret. 1992. “The rett et al. Chicago, IL: American Seattle? 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Housing Choice Vouchers “’You’re making our city look Greening 16: 188-196. Miller, and Justin Beaumont. and Residential Relocation in bad’: Olympic security, neoliber- -Mitchell, Katharyne. 2004. London: Routledge. the Portland, Oregon, Region.” al urbanization, and homeless Crossing the Neoliberal Line: -Sanders, Jeffrey. 2010. Seattle Housing Policy Debate youth.” Ethnography 16(1): 3- Pacific Rim Migration and the & the Roots of Urban Sustaina- (forthcoming). 24. Metropolis. Philadelphia, PA: bility: Inventing Ecotopia. Pitts- US Census. 2010. United -Koch, Regan. 2015. “Licensing, Temple University Press. burgh, PA: University of Pitts- States Census 2010. Available Popular Practice and Public -Moos, Markus. 2014. burgh Press. at http://www.census. Spaces: An Inquiry via the Ge- “Generational Dimensions of -Shandas, Vivek and Ryan gov/2010census/ ographies of Street Food Vend- Neoliberal and Post-Fordist Dann. 2012. “Periodic Atlas of -Wortham-Galvin, B.D. 2015. ing.” International Journal of Restructuring: The Changing the Metroscape: The Dream of “Put a Bird on It: Mythologies of Urban & Regional Research Characteristics of Young Adults the 90s is Alive in Portland. Portland(ia).” Architecture & 39(6): 1231-1250. and Growing Income Inequality Really?” Working paper for the Culture 3(2): 199-218. -London, Jeffrey Ross. 2014. in Montreal and Vancouver.” Institute of Metropolitan Studies, New Portlandia: Rock n’ Roll, International Journal of Urban & Portland State University. Avail- Authenticity and the Politics of Regional Research 38(6): 2078- able at (see text messages) Place in Portland, Oregon. PhD 2102. -Shobe, Hunter and Geoff Gib- dissertation. City University of -Newman, Lenore Lauri, and son. 2016. “Cascadia rising: New York: Department of Soci- Katherine Burnett. 2013. “Street soccer, region, and identity.” ology. food and vibrant urban spaces: Soccer & Society (forthcoming). -Long, Joshua. 2013. “Sense of Lessons from Portland, Ore- -Singler, Joan, Jean Durning, place and place-based activism gon.” Local Environment 18(2): Bettylou Valentine, and Maid in the neoliberal city.” City 17(1): 233-248. Adams. 2011. Seattle in Black 52-67. -Olds, Kris. 2002. Globalization and White: The Congress of -Lubitow, Amy and Thaddeus R. and Urban Change: Capital, Racial Equality and the Fight for Miller. 2013. “Contesting Sus- Culture, and Pacific Rim Mega- Equal Opportunity. Seattle: tainability: Bikes, Race, and Projects. Oxford, UK: Oxford University of Washington Press. Politics in Portlandia.” Environ- University Press. -Smith, Patrick J. 2008. mental Justice 6(4): 121-126. -Oliver, Nikkita. 2016. School “Branding Cascadia: Consider- -MacDonald, Norbert. 1987. Exclusion and Why Seattle is ing Cascadia’s Conflicting Con- Distant Neighbors: A Compara- Not So Progressive. MA thesis. ceptualizations – Who Gets to tive History of Seattle & Van- University of Washington: Col- Decide?” Canadian Political couver. Lincoln: University of lege of Education. Science Review 2(2): 57-83. Nebraska Press. -Owen, John. 2015. “Designing -Sparke, Matthew. 2005. -McClintock, Nathan, Dillon -Seattle: The Role of Urban "Reterritorializing Locality in Mahmoudi, Michael Simpson, Design in the City’s Evolution – Globality: Cascadia and the and Jacinto Pereira Santos. 1970 to 2020,” in Planning the Landscaping of Cross-Border 2016. “Socio-spatial differentia- Pacific Northwest, edited by Jill Regionalization," in In the tion in the Sustainable City: A Sterrett et al. Chicago, IL: Amer- Space of Theory: Postfounda- mixed-methods assessment of ican Planning Association. tional Geographies of the Na- residential gardens in metropoli- -Ozawa, Connie. (ed) 2004. The tion-State. Minneapolis: Univer- tan Portland, Oregon, USA.” Portland Edge: Challenges and sity of Minnesota Press. Landscape and Urban Planning Successes in Growing Commu- Statistics Canada. 2011. Nation- (forthcoming): 1-16. nities. Washington, DC: Island al Household Survey. Available -McCloskey, David. 1988. Cas- Press. at http://www12.statcan.gc.ca cadia: A Great Green Land on -Pivo, Gary. 1996. “Toward -Sterrett, Jill, Connie Ozawa, the Northeast Pacific Rim. Seat- sustainable urbanization on Dennis Ryan, Ethan Seltzer, tle, WA: Center for the Study of Mainstreet Cascadia.” Cities and Jan Whittington. (eds) CUSS Newsletter P a g e 15 Conference Feature:

Climate Change, Trauma & Coastal Cities

Kevin Fox Gotham cities around the world climate change, predicted (USGCRP) National Cli- Tulane University are among the most dy- land expansion combined mate Assessment namic regions in popula- with increasing popula- (USGCRP 2013, p. 880), Coastal cities are of tion growth, expanding at tion growth in coastal are- many U.S. coastal areas intense interest to envi- the expense of shrinking as could endanger re- are facing heightened ronmental scientists but cities in Europe and in gional economies, threat- vulnerability to sea-level are seldom addressed by the Northeast and Mid- en sources of fresh wa- rise, flooding, and hurri- urban sociologists. Chi- west regions of the Unit- ter, and alter land cover canes. Virginia Beach, cago was the paradig- ed States. Globally, 1.2 patterns and ecosystem Miami, New Orleans, matic city of the sub- billion people (23 percent services (e.g., provision- New York City, and Tam- discipline for much of the of the world’s population) ing services such as food pa-St. Petersburg rank as twentieth century. In re- live within 100 km of the and water; regulating ser- the top five “most vulner- cent decades, New York, coast, and 50 percent are vices such as flood and able port cities” to trau- Los Angeles, and Miami likely to do so by 2030 disease control; and cul- matic weather events. have received much (UNESCO 2009). At the tural services such as These urban regions are scholarly attention but not same time, the ecological spiritual, recreational, and home to nearly 30 million because of their coastal variety and unique socio- cultural benefits) people and their real es- nature. Rather, they environmental conditions (Millennium Ecosystem tate sectors and port have been singled out for of coastal cities – gulf Assessment (MA) 2005). complexes are globally their status as immigrant cities, oceanic cities, del- “The scope, severity, and significant investment gateway cities, global taic cities, inland sea cit- pace of future climate and trade hubs, with bil- cities, or major foci for ies, and so on - mean change impacts are diffi- lions of dollars in public understanding larger that coastal cities take cult to predict,” according and private capital invest- globalization and socio- shape in ways not well to the White House ed yearly. According to demographic trends explained by putative ur- Council on Environmental the USGCRP, more than (Dear 2002; Sassen ban paradigms or stand- Quality (2010, p. 6), but 5,790 square miles and 2001; Scott and Soja ard models of urban mor- “coastal areas will need more than $1 trillion of 1996). Few scholars rec- phology generated by the to prepare for rising sea property and structures ognize coastal cities as U.S. Northern prototype. levels and increased are at risk of inundation worthy of empirical or Rapid land expansion, flooding.” Adding to the from sea level rise of two theoretical attention. intense urban population challenge of responding feet above current sea Even with “a place for growth, and climate to these impacts, climate- level – an elevation which space” asserted in the change driven sea-level related changes will not could be reached by discipline in recent dec- rise are fundamentally act in isolation but rather 2050 under a high rate of ades (Gieryn 2000), the transforming social- interact with and likely sea level rise of approxi- space of the coastal city ecological relationships exacerbate the impacts of mately 6.6 feet by 2100 has been left in a socio- between coastal cities other non-climatic stress- (Parris, et al. 2012). In logical black box. A gen- and the global environ- ors such as urbanization, 2010, economic activity in eral neglect is in itself not ment. Scientists expect habitat destruction, and shoreline counties ac- a good reason for taking climate change to cause pollution. counted for approximate- new interest in any partic- accelerated sea-level rise Urban sociological ly 66 million jobs and ular topic, however, as with elevated tidal inun- research is urgently $3.4 trillion in wages Rich Lloyd (2012) argues dation, increased storm needed to identify the (NOAA 2012) through and demonstrates in his and flood frequency and determinants of the vul- diverse industries and discussion on Southern intensity, accelerated ero- nerability, adaptability, commerce. The process Cities. Rather, I wish to sion, rising water tables, and sustainability of of crafting both policy and argue that there is much and increased saltwater coastal urban ecosys- infrastructure to secure cutting-edge empirical intrusion (Blum and Rob- tems in face of global port facilities under the and theoretical value in erts 2009; Gonzalez and climate change and non- threat of sea-level rise turning our sociological Tornqvist 2006; Intergov- climate traumatic events. and intensified storm ac- lenses onto cities along ernmental Panel on Cli- According to the most tivity will no doubt be cru coasts. In part, the justifi- mate Change (IPCC) recent assessment of the cation is a matter of sim- 2007; Karl, et al. 2009; U.S. Global Change Re- Climate, p. 16 ple demography: coastal Stern 2007). Apart from search Program’s P a g e 16 Volume 28 Number 3

C l i m at e , from page 15 cial to the sustainability of ic events such as hurri- Schneider 2010; Nicholls effects of multiple climatic not only the five coastal canes, floods, and heat and Cazenave 2010). and non-climatic trauma cities, but also the United waves, for example, can Although scholars consid- since human populations States and the global play out on backdrops of er both climate change are concentrated along economy generally. slowly evolving, chronic driven sea-level rise and coasts, and coastal eco- I want to suggest that traumatic processes such non-climatic traumatic systems are increasingly the concept of trauma as subsidence and rising events as important are- vulnerable to a variety of can be a useful heuristic sea-levels. At the same as for contemporary so- stressors including flood- device to theorize and time, the short-term and cial-ecological research, ing, tsunamis, hurricanes, examine the impact and long-term traumatic com- few studies have consid- and transmission of ma- concatenation of multiple ponents of global climate ered the two issues to- rine-related infectious stressors on coastal vul- change are producing a gether, particularly from diseases (National Acad- nerability to climate complex geography in the perspective of syner- emy of Sciences (NAS) change driven sea-level which the differential im- gistic impacts. As urban 2003, p. 4; Stern 2007). rise. Trauma refers to pacts of climate change sociologists, we should Smith and Ward (1998) extraordinary events, ac- are being superimposed be asking novel and origi- have shown that rising tions or processes that on dissimilar vulnerabili- nal questions within the sea levels will raise flood can result in interlinked ties. To add further com- theme of linked effects of levels, and estimate that social and ecological plexity to the picture, cli- long-term and short-term the number of people transformations. Trauma mate change is occurring trauma and coastal urban flooded in a typical year can also represent multi- in a rapidly changing ecosystem sustainability: by storm surges will in- ple global as well as local world marked by on- • How do different crease 6 times and 14 stressors including those going processes of eco- socio-legal regulations times given a 0.5- and associated with sea-level nomic globalization, large and governmental struc- 1.0-meter rise in global rise, impacts of globaliza- -scale human migration, tures influence the vul- sea levels, respectively tion and economic crises, coastal urbanization, sub- nerability and adaptability (Nicholls 2004). The sali- and extreme events such sidence, and nutrient of coastal urban ecosys- nization of surface wa- as storms and flooding. loading (O’Brien and tems to trauma? ters, the result of coastal Examples of non-climatic Leichenko 2000). These • To what extent flooding, also poses sig- ecological trauma include human-driven processes do government interven- nificant health risks to local extirpations of land have traumatic impacts tions and responses local populations and covers, subsidence, eu- and effects that are likely across jurisdictional places local populations trophication, loss of biodi- to modify or exacerbate scales produce risks to at greater risk of hurri- versity, altered hydrologic existing vulnerabilities to human populations, and cane storm surges (Karl, regimes, hypersaliniza- climate change. how are these risks dis- et al. 2009). Around the tion of estuarine areas, There is a growing tributed within and be- world, coastal cities like excessive nutrient load- need for research collab- tween communities? Dhaka (Bangladesh), Ja- ing, and increased load- orations that can engage • How do coastal karta (Indonesia), Manila ings of toxic pollution. communities and produc- policy responses to cli- (Philippines), Kolkata Trauma resulting from tively cross boundaries of mate change and non- (India), Phnom Penh urban development- natural sciences and the climate trauma affect land (Cambodia), Ho Chi Minh related loss of coastal social sciences to devel- -cover patterns and sub- city (Vietnam), Shanghai ecosystems can have op new understandings of sequently spatial configu- (China), Bangkok enduring consequences the linkages and syner- ration of existing ecologi- (Thailand), Hong Kong on environments and hu- gisms between the im- cal communities? (China), Kuala Lumpur man communities and pacts of climatic trauma • How do socioec- (Malaysia), and Singa- includes alterations of (e.g., sea-level rise) and onomic disparities inter- pore, among others, are land use, reinforced ine- non-climatic trauma. act with coastal risks to at risk not just because of qualities, transformations Scholars have long limit adaptation options in rising sea-levels but ur- in human settlement pat- known that traumatic different coastal urban ban population growth terns, and reduced re- events can alter social ecosystems (e.g., gulf, (O'Brien and Leichenko source availability. and ecological systems oceanic, deltaic, and in- 2000; Nicholls and Ca- Trauma can occur and that climate change land-seas)? zenave 2010; Hallegatte, over short- and long-term is increasing vulnerability Coastal cities and et al. 2011). time horizons that can be for both social and eco- their ecosystems are ide- This last point is im- disjunctive or concatenat- logical systems al sites to study and un- portant for urban sociolo- ed, where acute traumat- (Mastrandrea and derstand the interactive gists. It is not just rising CUSS Newsletter P a g e 17

sea-levels that pose a and sustainable develop- spatial inequality may -Gieryn T. 2000. “A Place for threat to coastal cities. ment strategies to cope limit social actors’ abilities Space in sociology.” Annual Review of Sociology. 26:463–96 Rather, expanding with a barrage of hazards to perceive the conse- -González, J. L., and T. E. coastal development ex- arising from global cli- quences of climate Tornqvist. 2006. “Coastal Loui- poses increases the geo- mate and environmental change, and what factors siana in Crisis: Subsidence or graphical size of the hur- change. shape human responses Sea-level Rise?” Eos Trans. AGU, 87(45), 493–498, ricane target. While sci- Climate change has to perceived risks of cli- doi:10.1029/2006EO450001. entists have documented both short- and long-term mate change. Finally, we -Hallegatte S., F. Henriet, J. the major ecological con- traumatic components. need to understand at a Corfee-Morlot, 2011. “The Eco- sequences of climate Changes in the incidence more generalizable level nomics of Climate Change Im- pacts and Policy Benefits at City change (see McClanahan and intensity of extreme which social, political- Scale: A Conceptual Frame- and Cinner 2012), the weather events – storms economic, and ecological work.” Climatic Change, 104(1), elective affinity among and floods – take place in features of metropolitan 51-87 coastal real estate devel- the context of long-term areas enhance and which -Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). 2007. opment and increasing and chronic traumatic constrain their resilience Climate Change 2007: The coastal risk to climate processes such as sea- and adaptability in the Physical Science Basis. Contri- change driven sea-level level rise, ocean acidifica- face of trauma? The ef- bution of Working Group I to the rise is vastly understud- tion, and rising tempera- fects and consequences Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on ied, (for an overview, see tures (Bulkeley 2013; Mil- of climate change are not Climate Change [Solomon, S., Nagel, Dietz, and Broad- lennium Ecosystem As- even and uniform. Ra- D. Qin, M. Manning, Z. Chen, bent 2009; Norgaard sessment 2005). At the ther, the onset and sever- M. Marquis, K.B. Averyt, 2011; Rosa, et al. 2009; same time, the intensity ity of adverse impacts of M.Tignor and H.L. Miller (eds.)]. Cambridge University Press, Dunlap and Brulle 2014). of destructiveness of ex- climate change will vary Cambridge, United Kingdom Government policies, so- treme events follows pat- across coastal cities, de- and New York, NY, USA. cio-legal regulations, and terns of coastal urbaniza- pending on site-specific -Karl, Thomas R, Melillo, Jerry other human behaviors tion and real estate de- conditions such as eleva- M., Peterson, Thomas C. (eds.). 2009. Global Climate Change and actions that drive velopment. Thus, re- tion, local sea-level sce- Impacts in the United States. climate change have en- search is urgently needed narios, the probability of Cambridge University . during global conse- to understand how trau- major storm events, as -Lloyd, R., 2012. “Urbanization quences with local im- matic events cascade well as rates of popula- and the Southern United States.” Annual Review of Soci- pacts that are often une- across spatial scales and tion and economic ology, 38: 483-506. venly distributed across organizational levels to growth. -Mastrandrea, Michael and environments and socie- impact coastal systems, Stephen H. Schneider. 2010. ties (Bagstad, Stapleton, and whether there are References Preparing For Climate Change. Boston, MA: MIT Press. and D’Agostino 2006; structural properties that -Bagstad, K.J., K. Stapleton, and J.R. D’Agostino. 2007. -McClanahan, Tim R. and Josh- Camin and Agyeman can amplify or dampen “Taxes, Subsidies, and Insur- ua Cinner. 2012. Adapting to a 2011). Overall, disadvan- such cascades. We need ance as Drivers of United States Changing Environment: Con- taged individuals and to better understand how Coastal Development.” Ecologi- fronting the Consequences of Climate Change. New York: their communities—due and to what extent the cal Economics. 63: 285-298. -Blum, M.D. And H.H. Roberts Oxford University Press. to the socioeconomic sta- existence of relevant 2009. “Drowning of the Missis- -Millennium Ecosystem Assess- tus, geography, racial thresholds or tipping sippi Delta due to Insufficient ment (MA). 2005. Ecosystems and ethnic health dispari- points in system adapta- Sediment Supply and Global and Human Well-Being: Synthe- sis. Island Press, Washington, ties and lack of access to bility that can be system- sea-level Rise.” Nature Geosci- ence, 2, 488-491. D.C., USA. care—are likely to face atically predicted, and -Bulkeley, Harriet. 2013. Cities -Nagel, Joane, Thomas Dietz, greater susceptibility to whether there are ways and Climate Change. New York: and Jeffrey Broadbent (eds.) storms and floods (Nath of reliably sensing that Routledge. 2009. Workshop on Sociological Perspectives on Global Climate and Behera 2011). More- the system is approach- -Carmin, JoAnn and Julia Agye- man (eds.). 2011. Environmen- Change. May 30 - 31, 2008. over, the resultant fre- ing such thresholds. We tal Inequalities Beyond Borders: Sociology Program. Directorate quency and intensity of also need to understand Local Perspectives and Global for Social, Behavioral and Eco- impact from storms and how social-ecological Injustices. MIT Press. nomic Sciences. Arlington, VA. National Science Foundation. floods that relate to a communities will differen- -Dear, M. 2002. From Chicago to LA: Making Sense of Urban -Nath, Pradosh and Bhagirath changing climate will dif- tially respond to direct Theory. Thousand Oaks, CA: Behera. 2011. “A Critical Re- fer across areas where climatic events (such as Sage view of Impact Of and Adapta- they reside (Roberts and storms) and multi-scale -Dunlap, Riley, and R.J. Brulle tion To Climate Change in De- veloped and Developing Coun- Parks 2007). As a result, chronic trauma such as (editors). 2014. Climate Change and Society: Sociological Per- tries.” Envir Dev Sustain 13:141 coastal cities will require sea-level rise. Additional spectives. New York: Oxford -62. a variety of adaptive re- concerns include how University Press. Climate, p.18 sponses, mitigation tools, various forms of socio- P a g e 18 Volume 28 Number 3

C l i m at e from page 17

-National Academy of Sciences. -Stern, Nicholas. 2007. The 2003. Grand Challenges in Economics of Climate Change: Environmental Sciences. Wash- The Stern Review. Cambridge. ington, DC: National Academy -U.S. Global Change Research Press. Program (USGCRP). 2013. -National Oceanic and Atmos- National Climate Assessment. pheric Administration (NOAA). Third Report. Draft. Washing- 2012. NOAA’s State of the ton, DC: USGCRP. http:// Coast. Economy: Ports - Crucial www.globalchange.gov/ Coastal Infrastructure. Depart- publications/reports ment of Commerce, National -United Nations Educational, Oceanic and Atmospheric Ad- Scientific and Cultural Organiza- ministration. Available online at tion (UNESCO). 2009. Water in http://stateofthecoast.noaa.gov/ a Changing World. World Water ports/ Assessment Programme, the -Nicholls, Robert J. and Anny United Nations World Water Cazenave. 2010. “Sea-Level Development Report 3: United Rise and Its Impact on Coastal Nations. Zones.” Science. 18 June -White House Council on Envi- 2010: Vol. 328(5985): 1517- ronmental Quality. 2010. Pro- 1520. gress Report of the Interagency -Norgaard, Kari Marie. 2011. Climate Change Adaptation Living in Denial: Climate Task Force: Recommended Change, Emotions and Every- Actions in Support of a National day Life. MIT Press. Climate Change Adaptation -O’Brien, Karen, and Robin Strategy. United States Govern- Leichenko. 2000. “Double Expo- ment. Washington, DC: U.S. sure: Assessing the Impacts of Government Printing Office. Climate Change Within the Context of Economic Globaliza- tion.” Global Environmental Change. 10 (2000) 221-232. -Parris, A., P. Bromirski, V. Burkett, D. Cayan, M. Culver, J. Hall, R. Horton, K. Knuuti, R. Moss, J. Obeysekera, A. Sal- lenger, and J. Weiss, 2012: Global Sea Level Rise Scenari- os for the United States Nation- al Climate Assessment. NOAA Tech Memo OAR CPO-1, 37 pp., National Oceanic and At- mospheric Administration, Silver Spring, MD. Available online at http://scenarios.globalchange. gov/sites/default/files/ NOAA_SLR_r3_0.pdf -Roberts, J. Timmons, and Bradley C. Parks. 2007. A Cli- mate of Injustice: Global Ine- quality, North –South Politics, and Climate Policy. Cambridge: MIT Press. -Rosa, Eugene, Andreas Diek- mann, Thomas Dietz, and Carlo C. Jaeger (eds). 2009. Human Footprints on the Global Envi- ronment: Threats to Sustainabil- ity. Cambridget, MA: MIT Press. -Sassen, Sassen. 2001. The Global City: New York, London, Tokyo. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. -Scott AJ, Soja E. 1996. The City: Los Angeles and Urban Theory at the End of the 20th Century. Berkeley: University of California Press -Smith, K., Ward, R., 1998. Floods: Physical Processes and Human Impacts. Wiley, Chich- ester. CUSS Newsletter P a g e 19 Conference Feature:

A GLIMPSE OF SEATTLE

Ruth L. Love tion of 1909 was suc- Portland, OR cessful in drawing atten- tion and population to When the ASA meet- Seattle, the thinking was ings were held in Seattle that another fair would for the first time, in 1958, help with international the city had one sky- trade, tourism and other scraper, the Smith Tower matters. The 1909 expo- (anchoring the south end sition was held on of downtown) completed grounds slated for the in 1914. It was the tallest University of Washington building west of the Mis- campus, and some of its sissippi at 143 meters buildings were absorbed and 38 stories until 1931. into the university.(3) A (1) Despite the meetings similar idea helped shape being held at the edge of Century 21 thinking, Puget Sound (on Univer- namely that the inade- sity of Washington cam- quate Civic Auditorium pus), when I went to New structure and surrounding Photo: Madison Park Swimming Beach looking south, April, 1950. York City for graduate area could grow into a school that autumn I still lively civic center with a Ruth Love shares family photos from her childhood in Seattle. had to explain Seattle’s good opera house and location to fellow stu- other facilities, just north spired Carlson to propose business leaders, includ- dents. of downtown. By 1955, a skyward structure ing Graham, formed the So much has changed the councilor had gener- which led Seattle archi- Pentagram Corp. to pur- in the ensuing years, with ated much interest in this tects John Graham and chase land and pay for the City of Boeing be- idea from council mates, Victor Steinbrueck to cre- construction. Carlson coming multi-faceted, and the state legislature ate a design that became committed his Western thanks partly to the 1962 which allocated planning the Space Needle (with Hotels Co. to run the fa- World’s Fair. This event funds. valuable input from Gra- cility and its restaurant. not only inspired the The Space Needle, at ham’s firm). It was de- With the time needed to Space Needle but also a height of 605 ft. and the signed to withstand wind develop a viable architec- led to all too many Seat- tallest structure west of speeds up to 200 miles tural design, work out tle mentions in the New the Mississippi when built per hour and earthquakes financing and find suita- York Times. All this may in 1962, was probably below 9 on the Richter ble land on the edge of have contributed to the regarded as the most Scale; and indeed, the the fairgrounds, construc- emergence of Starbucks, iconic symbol of the fair. Needle has withstood tion on the Space Needle Microsoft and other note- Yet it evolved separately what the elements have began April 17, 1961 worthy enterprises and from the 1962 event and thrown to date. Graham while the fair was sched- institutions in the greater the fair planning itself. also formed plans to have uled to open April 21, Seattle area as well as The idea for the Space the restaurant on top of 1962. It did all fell into changes in established Needle was initiated by the proposed structure place with the Space businesses. An example Edward Carlson, the revolve, like the tower he Needle being completed of the latter is the Moun- chair of the Fair Commis- designed earlier for a in December 1961. taineers’ Cooperative sion and vice-president of shopping center in Hono- And 100 year earlier, in growing into the Seattle- a hotel company that lulu. 1851, the founding story based nationwide REI grew into the Westin ho- The Space Needle of Seattle began when (Recreation Equipment tel chain.(4) In 1959 was a totally private ven- the Denny party landed Inc.). Carlson dined in a restau- ture since both Seattle on the shores of what is The 1962 World’s Fair rant located on top of a and King County govern- now West Seattle (a large began as the idea of one single-pole television tow- ments declined to support neighborhood and public energetic City Council- er in Stuttgart, Germany. it, neither for construction man. (2) Since the Alas- The tower, built in 1956, nor land.(5) In response, ka-Yukon Pacific Exposi- is 712 ft. tall. This in- five major Northwest Glimpse, p. 20 P a g e 20 Volume 28 Number 3

G l i m p s e from page 19

beach park). One mem- parks takes one through ber allegedly said, “New the Denny Regrade, an York Alki” (Alki is Chi- area where a large hill nook jargon for ‘by and was removed through by’). With phenomenal hydraulic sluicing with growth in the technology “hydraulic gi- industry (mainly in outly- ants” (equipment devel- ing towns and suburbs), oped for gold mining in the arts and population Alaska). This landscape since the 1962 World’s engineering feat, the first Fair one could possibly of several in Seattle, was argue that NYC Alki has carried out over multiple arrived. But that misses phases, starting in 1897 aspects of the city that and finishing in 1930. make Seattle a place un- The sluiced-off hill soils to itself. were dumped into Elliott The rain in Seattle is a Bay, thereby helping form gentle mist so I did not the downtown waterfront buy an umbrella until I as it is known today.(6) lived in Manhattan where For a complete the rain is much wetter change of pace, into a and harder. (Be warned, non-tourist residential some years, rain arrives area on the east side of in Seattle the third week Seattle’s “waist”, consider in August.) taking the 11 Madison At certain places in bus, along with swim suit downtown Seattle, when and (hotel) towel, to Mad- the sky is clear, and hu- ison Park public swim- midity and winds are just ming beach. Catch the right one can sniff the bus on Pike St. (a block salty tang of Elliott Bay from hotel) somewhere while enjoying a fine view between 4th and 6th Ave. of the Olympic Mountains Although Madison St. across Puget Sound. is the only Seattle road One such place is Myrtle which runs directly from Edwards Park, about a salty Elliott Bay to fresh 15-20 minute walk from Lake Washington (on a the Washington State diagonal instead of ad- Convention Center, and hering to the city norm of bordering Elliot Bay. (Its following an east-west or site was recommended north-south grid), the bus for a park by the Olmsted route is circuitous. The Brothers in 1903.) The bus travels on Pike for park has 1.25 mile walk- several blocks, heads ing and bike paths, with north one block to E. views to the southeast for Pine, continues for sever- Mt. Rainier as well as to al blocks to E. Madison, the west for the Olym- and then stays on Madi- Top Photo: Ruth Love walking on Madison Park Beach pics. And adjacent son, (northeasterly) to around 1968-70. Bottom Photo: Picket fence at 1524-41 (southward) to Myrtle Ed- end at Lake Washington E. but you cannot see the house. The two homes shown wards is the 9-acre Olym- (at 43rd Ave. E.). The immediately south of 1524 include “McGilvra” cottage. pic Sculpture Park main- entire route is about 3.5 tained by Seattle Art Mu- miles, and depending on seum. traffic, takes about 30 The walk from either minutes. Off-peak fare is the convention center or $2.50, peak-fare is $2.75. the Sheraton Hotel to the (Most likely exact change CUSS Newsletter P a g e 21

required but not certain.) reworked the area into a Madison St. was born public swimming beach when John McGilvra, a with lawn, surrounding highly successful attorney trees, and tennis courts and close friend of Abra- across 43rd Ave. E. The ham Lincoln, purchased “summer” cottages 420 acres of land fronting evolved into homes that Lake Washington in could be purchased by 1864. To access his families of modest property where he had means, enabling them to built a lake-front mansion enjoy the luxury of a for his family, McGilvra swimming beach within paid about $1,500 to easy walking distance yet have a wagon road made relatively close to down- connecting Seattle’s fresh town. and salt bodies of water. The road McGilvra In 1880, he platted his created, once serviced by remaining property into a cable railway and now small lots for sale or the #11 bus, the area and lease, stipulating that on- the park he named in ly “cottages” could be honor of the 4th US presi- built--a condition that last- dent, James Madison. ed into the 1920s, and Today’s bus route goes set aside 24 acres with past Seattle University, lake access for use as an started in 1891 (at 12th “amusement” park.(7) It Ave. and Madison), over is likely that McGilvra in- some hills, crossing the tended the cottages to obligatory Martin Luther house patrons of the King Way (old name was park, and the area did Empire Way). From become known as a sum- about 20th Ave. E. to mer resort area, and “tent MLK Way, Madison goes city” on land still unbuilt. through the northern (While growing up in edge of the historic Black Madison Park someone neighborhood in the Cen- told me that our house tral District (now the and all the others northern edge is part of were built as summer Madison Valley, complete vacation homes, some- with merchant associa- thing that puzzled me and tion). African-Americans I couldn’t quite believe.) began settling (and farm- The amusement park ing) in the area in the evolved into a popular 1870s; William Grose summer destination by was the first black man to Above: A rare snow in Seattle along E. Garfield Street be- 1890, with piers, prome- buy property (12 acres) in tween 41st and 42nd E. showing more McGilvra cottages nades, bandstands and the East Madison area, in with some containing small second floors. capacious seating for 1882. Others soon fol- concerts, “singalongs” lowed, some buying their and vaudeville acts. Oth- property from Grose. (8) er attractions were a casi- In the 1990s the African- no and dance hall as well American population in as swimming and boating the Central District fell facilities. In 1922, about from about 51% of the 8 acres of the amuse- population to about 32%. ment area were trans- ferred to the City of Seat- tle parks department that Glimpse, p. 22 P a g e 22 Volume 28 Number 3

G l i m p s e from page 21

the same name, with (9) Just past 27th green lawn, shrubs and Ave.E., on the north side trees, a life-guarded of Madison, among the swimming beach and shops and restaurants, bath house for changing. stands the Bailey- (The bus continues by Boushay House, a hos- making a left turn onto pice/care center for HIV/ 43rd Ave. E, goes three AIDS patients (both in blocks north to McGilvra and out), operated by St., turns left, to 42nd Virginia Mason Hospital. Ave. E., returns to Madi- Between 29th and son to head back down- 31st Avenues E., at Lake town. The route takes Washington Blvd., the you past a few more ele- bus passes the entrance gant homes on 43rd, and to Washington Park Arbo- several brick two-story retum (designed by the buildings comprising the Olmsted Brothers). (10) Edgewater Apartments, Its 230 acres are owned built in 1940, truly on the by the city while the Uni- edge of the lake at the versity of Washington end of 42nd Ave. Edge- owns the trees and plants water has spacious of which many are used lakeshore grounds; re- for gardens and botanic cently a swimming pool research. A Japanese was added. Now a one- Garden of 3.5 acres is at bedroom apartment rents Top Photo: Back of Ruth Love’s home at 1524 41st E. and the south end (admission for $1,425 and a two- neighbor’s house in photo taken about 1953. The drive- charge), and at the north bedroom unit for $1,925- way drops steeply about where the stairs end to a one car end, canoes can be rent- 2050. (11) garage. ed for paddling on a Lake At the Madison Park Washington bay. beach and lake-shore At 36th Ave. the route lawn, there is a fine view, goes past Broadmoor, a on clear days, of the Cas- gated residential area cade mountain range, with golf course estab- across Lake Washington lished in the 1920s, and to the east. To the into the Madison Park northeast, one might see neighborhood. The hous- Mt. Baker (ele. 10,781 ft.) es along the avenues but the view to Mt. Raini- between 36th Ave. E. and er (14,416 ft. ele.) in the 41st Ave. E. are large southeast has become and quite elegant. Along obstructed in recent dec- 41st Ave., however, there ades with the building of is a noticeable change to lakeshore highrise apart- the “cottages” specified ments. One can get a by McGilvra. Also at glimpse of Rainier by 41st Ave. stores and res- swimming a bit beyond taurants begin to line the raft. Madison St. The effects of Madison St. ends at McGilvra’s stipulation that the lake just past 43rd only “cottages” could be Ave. E. Get off the bus built on the property he near 43rd and Madison, platted and sold can still head south toward green- be seen on 41st, 42nd ry, and find the paved and 43rd Avenues E., walkway leading to the between E. Galer and E. lake. Here, there is in- Newton Sts, within an deed a small city park of easy walk of the swim- CUSS Newsletter P a g e 23

ming beach. The cot- where it is located. The 35th madisonparkblog- tages were built with two floor has a wraparound public ger.blogspot.com/2011/0lpavilio observation deck with great n-days-on-lake- washing- or three bedrooms, some views of Puget Sound, sur- ton.htmlwww.seattle.gov/parks/ with full basements, on rounding mountains and the park_detail.asp?id=369; Madi- narrow but relatively long city. The interior of this floor son Park lots, allowing for both consists of Chinese furnishings and a hand-carved ceiling, gifts 8. Thomas Veith, “History of the front and back yards. In from the Empress of China, Central Area”, Seattle Historic the post-Microsoft era Cixi. Preservation Program, City of many have been heavily Seattle Department of Neigh- enlarged or torn down to 2. www.seattle.gov/seattle.gov/ borhoods, 2009. Accessed on City Archives/Century 21 line.www.madisonpark coun- make room for new World’s Fair./A Memorable cil.org/madison-park/history-of- homes. One example Enterprise: THE AYPE madison - park - seattle - can be seen at 1524 41st and the City of Seattle. washingtonwww.central Ave. E. My parents, well- /World Fair Cooperation Fact districtnews.com/2010/07/cd- Sheet No. 1:Wesley C. Uhlman, history-how-segregation-shaped practiced in frugality to “Why a World Fair?” Jan. 17, -the-neighborhood afford occasional treats, 1958. William Grose (black Seattle purchased the two- pioneer), Wikipedia. bedroom bungalow for 3. In 1903, the city council contracted with Olmsted Broth- 9. www. HistoryLink.org Essay $8,000 in 1947 (with help ers to survey park possibilities 3471, Junius Rochester, of an FHA mortgage). In in Seattle, and submit a com- “Seattle Neighborhoods: the early 1980s they sold prehensive plan. This included Madison Valley-Thumbnail it for about $90,000. It the grounds planned for the History”, Nov. 16, 2000. University of Washington but to sold again about 2005 for be used first for the 1909 10. www.arboretum $300,000. A high tech. Alaska-Yukon Exposition. foundation.org/about-us/about- employee bought it and www.seattle.gov/parks/ the-arboretum/ proceeded to invest parkplaces/olmsted.htm 11. www.apartments.com- about $400,000 in remod- 4. Official Guide Book Seattle Seattle-WA/5tyrdq/ eling the house but re- World’s Fair 1962. E.E Spauld- taining its original foot- ing, publisher, Acme Publica- print and some of its out- tions Inc., Seattle, WA. 1962. Space Needle, Wikipedia. ward appearance, includ- Edward Carlson, Wikipedia. ing leaded ornamental details on the front win- 5. Fernsehturm_Stuttgart, Wik- dows. ipedia. www.historylink.org/ essays/output.cfm?file_id=2290. The spirit of retaining “Century 21 - The 1962 the Madison “cottage” World’s Fair, Part 1”. www. look is also apparent in historylink.org/index.cfm? new housing. In 1998, at Displaage=output.cfm&file _id=1424. Walt Crowley, 1517 41st Ave. E. a two- “Space Needle (Seattle)”, June story house was built in 27, 1999. 1998, and sold in 2014 for $1,555,000. (12) But 6. David B. Williams, Too High and Too Steep: Reshaping one underlying effect of Seattle’s Topography, Seattle: McGilvra’s cottage stipu- University of Washington Press, lation namely that fami- 2015. lies of modest means 7. Gina Kim, “Madison mem- could enjoy living in close oirs”, Seattle Times, Nov. 12, proximity to Lake Wash- 2001. Accessed on line, ington is now gone. So April 15, 2016. www.History Seattle has lost one as- Link.org Essay 2808, Junius Rochestter. ”Seattle Neighbor- pect that helped make it hoods: Top Photo: Front of house next to 1524 4th Avenue E in unique. Madison Park-Thumbnail Histo- photo taken around 1953. ry” , November 16, 2000. References www.Seattle.gov/Documents/ Departments/Neighborhoods/

Historic Preservationwww. 1. Smith Tower, Wikipedia. 520History.org/1851-1915/ The tower is worth a visit, as CommunityDevelopment/ well as Pioneer Square and the MadisonPark.htmttp:// oldest section of downtown P a g e 24 Volume 28 Number 3

2016 ASA CUSS Panels & Roundtables

The 2016 ASA Annu- crime, mobility thoughts, has been undergoing ●The Administration of al Meetings will be in distrust of neighbors, and many transformations Hospital and Jail Over- Seattle from August 20- psychological distress. over the last 30 years. crowding and the Illusion 23. The CUSS Section Some research suggests The role of private firms, of Policy Success - will sponsor three open that disorder and crime nonprofits, and manage- Armando Lara-Millan, sessions as well as are part of the diversity of ment consultants has University of California - roundtables. The CUSS cities and reflect hetero- expanded greatly. Philan- Berkeley Business Meeting will be geneity and inclusion. thropies and government- ●A Seat at the Table: on Sunday, August 21 This session seeks pa- sponsored organizations Organizations, Legitima- from 9:30-10:30am. The pers that examine the continue to play a large cy, and Power in Urban CUSS Reception will be ways in which crime and role. Municipal agencies Governance - Sunday, August 21 at disorder affect the urban and bureaucracies have Jeremy R. Levine, Uni- 6:30pm at the Seattle landscape. themselves been chang- versity of Michigan Public Library, 1000 ing. While urbanists now Fourth Ave., Seattle, WA Presenters take organizations seri- SESSION THREE: 98104-1109. The CUSS ●Broken Windows in the ously as entities with dis- Urban Spatial Inequality Awards will be presented Cul-de-Sac: Racial threat tinct logics and produc- Organizer/Presider at the reception. and quality-of-life arrests tive capacities, theoretical Joseph Galaskiewicz, in the changing suburbs - development around ur- University of Arizona CUSS Business -Brenden Beck, CUNY ban organizations needs Meeting Graduate Center to continue, particularly to The objectives of the Sunday, August 21 ●Does Public Housing make sense of much new session are twofold. 9:30-10:30am Mediate Trust? - and emerging empirical First, it will give a voice to Kevin R. Beck, Universi- work. More importantly, various perspectives on CUSS Reception ty of California- San Die- our theories of urban gov- spatial inequality within Sunday, August 21 go ernance are dated and urban settings. Papers Seattle Public Library, ●Investment in Place, often describe institution- that focus on local cul- 1000 Fourth Ave., Neighborhood Disorder, al arrangements that no tures, urban institutions, Seattle, WA 98104-1109 Social Cohesion and In- longer have the central spatial distribution of formal Social Control - role they once did, if they amenities, urban trans- SESSION ONE: Alex Currit, Cornell Uni- continue to exist at all. portation systems, resi- Crime, Disorder, and versity This panel invites papers dential segregation, and the City ●Priming the Pump: Pub- that offer new empirical federal/state policies Sunday, August 21 lic Investment, Private work on urban govern- would all be welcome. 10:30am-12:10pm Mortgage Investment, ance and organizations, Second, it will showcase and Violent Crime - as well as theoretical in- how the spatial organiza- Organizer: Emily A. Shrider, The terventions that build up- tion of the urban commu- Rachael A. Woldoff Ohio State Universi- on recent work on urban nity is important in ex- West Virginia University ty; David Michael Ramey, organizations and gov- plaining not only access Discussant Pennslyvania State Uni- ernance. to jobs and schools, but Marcus Anthony Hunter, versity access to other people, UCLA Presenters amenities, and ideas. All SESSION TWO: ●When Garbage Trucks too often spatial analyses Urban sociology and Transformations in Meet Tricycles: How Un- have been limited to ex- criminology intersect in Contemporary Urban official Practices Frus- plaining housing prices or many ways. Though the Governance trate Global City Plans - real estate markets; it is claim that disorder leads Sunday, August 21 Dana Kornberg, Univer- time to explore how those to serious crime has been 12:30-2:10pm sity of Michigan who live within communi- contested, ample re- ●Institutions in the Inte- ties interact with, are search suggests that dis- Organizers gral State: What New shaped by, and shape order is related to crime, Nicole Marwell York City’s Parks Signal the built environment. as it is associated with University of Chicago for Contemporary Urban other problems, such as Michael McQuarrie Governance - Presenters lower property values, London School of John Krinsky, The City ●Like a Good Neighbor, negative evaluations of Economics College of New Squatters are There: neighborhoods, reduced York; Maud Simonet, Neighborhood Stability quality of life, fear of Urban governance IDHE/CNRS Paris After All the Windows CUSS Newsletter P a g e 25

Have Been Broken - Elizabeth Roberto, Leo Universi- TABLE ONE: Neighbor- Claire W. Herbert, Uni- Princeton University ty; Scott V. Savage, Uni- hood Development versity of Michigan ●Organizational Dimen- versity of Hou- -Table Presider: ●Commuting Out of Ur- sions of Spatial Inequali- ston; Joy Inouye, Camp- Theo Greene, Bowdoin ban Pollution: Flows to ty: Illustrations from the bell Institute, National College and from Industrially Pro- Phoenix-Mesa Urbanized Safety Council ●Greenlining the Rust- duced Toxins in Hou- Area - belt: Participatory Politics ston - Kevin T Smiley, Joseph Galaskiewicz, REFEREED and Non-Profit Govern- Rice University; University of Arizo- ROUNDTABLES ance in Flint and Detroit’s James R. Elliott, Rice na; Kathryn Freeman And Organizer: Master Plans - University erson, University of Hou- Meredith Greif, Jacob H. Lederman, Uni- ●Spatial Boundaries and ston; Kendra L. Thompso Johns Hopkins versity of Michigan-Flint the Local Context of Res- n-Dyck, University of Ari- University idential Segregation - zona; Daniel Duerr, Saint ASA, p.26

2016 CUSS Awards

Congratulations to the 2016 CUSS Honorable Mentions ardous Industrial Site Accumulation.” awards recipients. The awards will be -Karl Alexander, Doris Entwisle, and American Journal of Sociology presented at the CUSS Reception, Linda Olson. 2014. The Long Shad- 120:1736-1777. 6:30pm on Saturday, August 20 at the ow: Family Background, Disadvan- Seattle Public Library, 1000 Fourth taged Urban Youth, and the Transi- Committee Ave., Seattle, WA 98104-1109. tion to Adulthood. New York: Russell -Josh Pacewicz (chair), Sage Foundation. Brown University • Robert and Helen Lynd Lifetime -Amin Ghaziani. 2015. There Goes -Chase Billingham, Achievement Award the Gayborhood? Princeton: Prince- Wichita State University The Robert and Helen Lynd Lifetime ton University Press. -Jonathan Wynn Achievement Award recognizes dis- University of Massachusetts, Amherst tinguished career achievement in Committee community and urban sociology. -Patrick Sharkey (chair) New York University •CUSS Student Paper Award Recipient -Patricia Herzog The CUSS Student Paper Award Hilary Silver, Brown University University of Arkansas goes to the student author of the pa- -Rory Kramer per the award committee regards as Committee Villanova University the best graduate student paper in -Miriam Greenberg (chair) community and urban sociology. University of California, Santa Cruz; •The Jane Addams Award -Miranda Martinez The Jane Addams Award (formerly Recipient Ohio State University the Park Article Award) goes to au- -Jeremy Levine -Emily Molina thors of the best scholarly article in Harvard University Brooklyn College community and urban sociology pub- "The Privatization of Political Repre- lished in the past two years (2014 or sentation: Community-Based Organi- •The Robert E. Park Award 2015). zations as Nonelected Neighborhood The Park Award (formerly the Park Representatives.” Book Award) goes to the author(s) of Recipient the best book published in the past -Japonica Brown-Saracino. 2015. Committee two years (2014 and 2015). “How Places Shape Identity: The Ori- -Shelley Kimelberg (chair), gins of Distinctive LBQ Identities in University of Buffalo Recipient Four Small U.S. Cities.” American -Jean Beaman -Javier Auyero and María Fernanda Journal of Sociology 121:1-63. Purdue University Berti. 2015. In Harm’s Way: The Dy- -Marco Garrido namics of Urban Violence. Princeton: Honorable Mention University of Chicago Princeton University Press -James R. Elliott and Scott Frickel. --Pamela Pricket 2015. “Urbanization as Socioenviron- Rice University mental Succession: The Case of Haz- P a g e 26 Volume 28 Number 3

A S A , continued from page 25

●Reconsidering Frames Space Making in a Di- tral City Super- Temple Universi- and Structure in Commu- verse Community - Gentrifiers: The Case of ty; Janice Madden, Uni- nity Participation: A Panel Pepper Glass, Weber Second Homeownership versity of Pennsylvania Study of State University in Boston, Massachu- ●Hispanic Concentrated Low-Income Neighbor- setts - Meaghan Stiman, Poverty in Traditional and hood Residents - TABLE THREE: Crime, Boston University New Destinations, 2010- David Barron Schwartz, Disorder, and The Re- 2014 - Princeton production of Urban TABLE FIVE: Home- Sarah Marie Ludwig- ●Neighborhood Develop- Inequality lessness and Housing Dehm, Penn State Uni- ment Organizations, Ma- Table Presider: Insecurity versity; John Iceland, chine Politics, and Neigh- -Jennifer Rene Darrah- Table Presider: Penn State University borhood Poverty - Okike, University of Ha- -Meredith Greif, Johns ●Hispanic Diversity in Bryant Crubaugh, Pep- waii Hopkins University Metropolitan Areas - perdine University ●The Ecology of Punish- ●Constructing the Vulner- Michael Martin, Pennsyl- ●Clarity of Context: Enti- ment: Correlated Adversi- able Body: Authenticating vania State Universi- tativity and Community ty and the Neighborhood and Documenting Eligibil- ty; Barrett Lee, Pennsyl- Collective Action - Context of Mass Impris- ity in an Era of Housing vania State Universi- Monica M. Whitham, Ok- onment - First Homelessness - ty; Matthew Hall, Cornell lahoma State University Jessica T. Simes, Har- Melissa Osborne, Uni- University vard University versity of Chicago ●Consuming Koreatown TABLE TWO: Conceptu- ●The Criminalization of ●Targeting Only the in Los Angeles - Soo alizing Community Youth in Baltimore Neigh- Prime Downtrodden: A Mee Kim, University of -Table Presider: borhoods and Schools - Paradox of Seeking Only Illinois - Urbana Cham- Bruce D. Haynes, Univer- Melody L. Boyd, SUNY- the Vulnerable but Hous- paign sity of California- Davis Brock- ing Ready Homeless - ●Defining Neighborhood port; Susan E. Clampet- Curtis Smith, Utah State TABLE SEVEN: Neigh- Boundaries: The Rela- Lundquist, Saint Joseph's Universi- borhood Attachment, tionship between Histori- University ty; Leon Anderson, Utah Social Cohesion and cal Designation and Resi- State University Social Capital dents’ Perceptions of So- TABLE FOUR: Gentrifi- ●Inequity by Default? Table Presider: cial Cohesion - cation and Neighbor- Metropolitan Foreclosure -Gregory Sharp, Universi- Elaina Johns-Wolfe, Uni- hood Change and Housing Market Dy- ty of Buffalo versity of Cincin- Table Presider: namics - ●Deciphering the Civic nati; Richard J. Petts, Ball -Robin Bartram, North- Thiago Marques, Univer- Virtue of Communal State University western University sity of Washington Space: Neighborhood ●Reputation as Resource ●More Than Just Star- Attachment, Social Capi- and Constraint in Urban bucks: The Diversity of TABLE SIX: Immigra- tal and Participation in Neighborhoods - Chain Retailers and the tion and New Diversity China - Qiang Fu, The Jeffrey Nathaniel Parker, Communities They En- Table Presider: University of British Co- The University of Chicago ter - -Sarah Mayorga-Gallo, lumbia; Yushu Zhu, Spa- ●Predicting Respondent Mahesh Somashekhar, University of Massachu- tial Structures in the So- Precision of Geographic University of Washington setts-Boston cial Sciences, Brown Uni- Locations - ●Racial Hierarchy and ●Analyzing Rates of Seri- versity Emily J Smith, University Racial Transition among ously Delinquent Mort- ●Neighboring in Context: of California, Ir- Ascending Neighbor- gages in Asian Census The Role of Dwelling vine; Nicholas N Nagle, hoods - Ann Owens, Uni- Tracts in the United Type in High-Poverty University of Tennessee, versity of Southern Cali- States - Neighborhoods - Knoxville fornia; Jennifer Candipan, Katrin B. Anacker, Sarah Seelye, University ●Setting the Stage: The University of Southern George Mason University of Michigan Use of Public Space in California ●Foreign Born Population ●Neighborhood Change the Performance of ●Interlocking Spatial Concentration and Neigh- and Neighboring Social Neighborhood Identity - Structures and the Re- borhood Growth and De- Ties - Sarah Zelner, University production of Urban Ine- velopment within U.S. Savannah Larimore, Uni- of Pennsylvania quality - Metropolitan Areas - versity of Washing- ●Dividing and Defending Jared Nathan Schachner Matt Ruther, University ton; Christian Lawrence Ogden: The Intersection , Harvard University of Colora- Hess, University of of Race Making and ●Suburbia-birds as Cen- do; Rebbeca Tesfai, Washing- CUSS Newsletter P a g e 27

ton; Marco Brydolf- Kevin Fox Gotham, ty; Sam W. Regas, Ohio Horwitz, University of Tulane Universi- University Washington ty; Katie R. Lauve-Moon, ●The Benefits of Thinking ●Dealing with Disturb- Tulane Universi- Small: Emplaced Inequal- ances - Intervention and ty; Bradford Powers, ity and the Material Poli- Adaptation in Finnish Tulane University tics of Pedestrian Infra- Neighbourhoods - ●From Myths to Means: structure - Antti Kouvo, University of Place and Organizational Michael Owen Benedikts Eastern Fin- Processes in the Gow- son, Hunter college land; Haverinen Risto, anus Canal Superfund, ●Suburban Racial Segre- University of Turku New York. - gation and The Right to Orla Stapleton, Indiana the City - TABLE EIGHT: Racial University Gregory Smithsimon, and Ethnic Segregation ●The Social Networks of Brooklyn College CUNY ●Racial Residential Inte- Resilience: A Technique gration in a Chicago Sub- for Rapid Appraisal of urb: Which Housing Community Network Searchers make Integra- Structure - Kyle Puetz, tive Moves? - University of Arizo- Allison Suppan Helmuth, na; Brian Mayer, Univer- University of Illinois- sity of Arizona Chica- ●Two Crises, Two Trajec- go; Deanna Christianson, tories: Impact of Econom- University of Illinois Chi- ic Crises on Urban Gov- cago; Rowena C Crabbe, ernance in Turkey - UIC; Maria Krysan Tuna Kuyucu, Bospho- ●Separate Menus In Dal- rus University las-Fort Worth. Examin- ing The Dynamics Be- TABLE TEN: Urban tween the Food Environ- Planning and Govern- ment and Residential ance Segregation. - Table Presider: Ferzana Havewala, Uni- -Robert Donald Francis, versity of Texas at Dallas Johns Hopkins University ●Neighborhood Defense ●Precarious Participation: Mechanisms and Implica- Targeting Affect through tions for Racial Exclu- Neoliberal Participation in sion - Joy Kadowaki, Pur- a Public Housing Con- due University text - Ryan Steel, Univer- ●Progress toward Racial sity of Minnesota Residential Integration - ●U.S. Communities So- Robert L. Wagmiller, cial Services and Eco- Temple Universi- nomic Development Poli- ty; Elizabeth Gage- cies: Prioritizing Busi- Bouchard, University at ness’ Versus Citizens’ Buffalo Interests? - Lazarus Adua, University TABLE NINE: Urban of Northern Io- Crises and Recovery wa; Linda Lobao, The Table Presider: Ohio State University -Josh Pacewicz, Brown ●Food Deserts and Ine- University quality: Challenging Injus- ●Risk and Recovery: Un- tice and Seeking Food derstanding Flood Risk Sovereignty in Three Perceptions in a Post- Rust-Belt Cities - disaster City, the Case of Stephen J. Scanlan, New Orleans - Ohio Universi- Am e ric an Sociological Association Community & Urban Sociology Section ASA William Grady Holt CUSS Newsletter Editor Coordinator Urban Environmental Studies Program CUSS Reception Birmingham-Southern College 900 Arkadelphia Road Birmingham, AL 35254 Phone: 205-226-4834 Fax: 205-226-4847 Saturday, August 20 E-mail: [email protected] 6:30pm

Seattle Public Library 1000 Fourth Avenue We’re on the web: Seattle, WA 98104-1109 The Community Web http://www.comm urb.org