V La Scoperta

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V La Scoperta V LA SCOPERTA 66 Nei suoi numerosissimi viaggi il conte si è dimostrato un autentico cacciatore di specie, riuscendo a descrivere un’infinità di nuovi microlepidotteri, farfalle piccolissime e difficili da studiare. Con le sue numerose pubblicazioni ha certamente con- tribuito alla qualificazione della biodiversità dei preziosi territo- ri naturali da lui attraversati. Ma è la bramea la scoperta più sensazionale. Regala alla sua vita il nobile fine, notorietà alla sua carriera, svela al mondo il segreto di un’esistenza fino a quel momento latente, insospettata. Era già stato sull’Etna e sull’Aspromonte, ma il Vulture lo affa- scinava particolarmente. Erano gli anni nei quali si scopriva la selvaggia Basilicata. Guido Piovene nel suo Viaggio in Italia riferiva: “Il bosco di Monticchio si direbbe una fantasia natalizia, con le sue quasi mille piante diverse e la sua fauna inconsueta”. Neanche Hartig, no- nostante avesse fino il fiuto che accompagna un cacciatore di rango, avrebbe potuto immaginare cosa sarebbe accaduto da lì a poco. Nel Vulture giunse nel 1963. Vi trascorse circa un lustro per raccogliere, catalogare e studiare i Lepidotteri ospiti della vege- tazione che ricopriva la montagna. Dal Corpo Forestale dello Stato ebbe l’autorizzazione ad allestire un laboratorio di entomo- logia nella foresteria di Monticchio Laghi, la stessa dove ospitava i suoi colleghi italiani e stranieri. La sera del 18 aprile 1963, in compagnia di Giuseppe Crivaro, 67 La Psiche del Frassino un giovane ditterologo (studioso delle fastidiosissime mosche), e Paolo Belcastro, collezionista e cognato di quest’ultimo, aveva aperto il classico telo bianco davanti alla luce della lampada, pro- prio ai margini del bosco. Erano appena le 21.30, quando una grande falena, sbucata all’improvviso dal buio, atterrò sull’erba poco sotto al lume. “Hartig non si scompose: una farfalla di quella taglia non poteva che essere una delle solite pavonie, i cui bruchi frequen- tano i rovi di qualsiasi bosco”29. L’entomologo raccolse l’insetto. Soltanto quando lo ebbe tra le mani si chiese se stesse sognando o se qualcuno gli avesse giocato un tiro birbone: quella farfalla apparteneva a una specie sconosciu- ta, mai descritta, né in Italia né altrove! Ma il fatto più straordina- rio era che la forma e i disegni delle ali rivelavano una somiglianza con certi rari lepidotteri asiatici della famiglia Brahmaeidae. Quell’esemplare non si trovava lì per caso. Dopo una lunga e accurata indagine a tappeto nelle aree limitrofe, individuò una popolazione numerosa in località Grotticelle, ad una decina di chilometri da Monticchio30. Non è possibile immaginare cosa abbia provato Hartig quan- do si accorse di trovarsi di fronte non solo ad una specie nuova, 29 Stella E. 1992 – La Bramea di Hartig. Elogio dell’insetto. Editrice La Stampa, Torino, 108-114. 30 A Parenzan, invece, la scoperta venne riportata come del tutto casuale. Durante una cena del conte in compagnia di un suo collega entomologo, l’amico gli fece notare che su una parete si era posata una grossa farfalla; lentamente Hartig si alzò dal tavolo e la raccolse, la esaminò e, notando che si trattava di una Brahmaea, genere non appartenente alla fauna europea, pensò ad uno scherzo dell’amico. Sul momento la ripose in una tasca della sua giacca e fece finta di niente; al ché il collega gli chiese che specie fosse e, allorquando Hartig di rimando gli rispose che lo scherzo per essere divertente deve durare poco, negò trattarsi di una canzonatura. A Pierino Provera, il conte riferì al telefono, subito dopo il 18 aprile, della sua prima cattura avvenuta sul balcone della foresteria della forestale di Monticchio, dove aveva piazzato una lampada. 68 La Scoperta Il lavoro di Hartig nel quale si annuncia e si descrive la nuova specie (nel titolo un lapsus calami). ma, forse, al primo esemplare di un genere nuovo per la fauna europea. Ancora oggi, tra i monticchiani alcuni ricordano come il conte, per molti giorni dopo la scoperta della farfalla, si trovasse spesso a sorridere e gioire da solo, con gesti che contribuirono non poco ad attribuirgli qualche segno di squilibrio. L’annuncio della scoperta fu dato ufficialmente da Federico Hartig qualche mese più tardi, in un articolo pubblicato nel volume XVIII del “Bollettino dell’Associazione Romana di Ento- mologia”. Nel 1970, lo stesso Hartig inviò un Promemoria all’Azienda di Stato per le Foreste Demaniali, nel quale relazionava sulla neces- sità di realizzare una riserva per la farfalla. L’anno successivo, con decreto del Ministro per l’Agricoltura e le Foreste, venne istituita a Grotticelle la prima riserva rivolta di 69 La Psiche del Frassino fatto alla esclusiva protezione di una farfalla31. La malattia che doveva poi annientarlo lo colse a notte fonda, men- tre attendeva attorno al lume alla cattura... Spero solo che in quel momento Egli abbia sentito che nulla la morte avrebbe potuto fare per coprire d’oblìo, con l’uomo, le opere che positivamente, sontuosamente, ci lasciava a testimoniarne la monumentalità32 33. 31 In appendice si riportano il Promemoria di Hartig e il Decreto istitutivo della riserva. 32 Berio E. 1984 – In memoria, di ciò che ci ha lasciato Federico Hartig. Memorie della Società Entomologica Italiana, Genova, 61 A (1982): 6-7. 33 L’Università degli Studi di Roma “La Sapienza”, Dipartimento di Biologia Animale e dell’Uomo, ha approntato nel proprio sito Web alcune pagine dedica- te a Fred Hartig e al Museo di Zoologia costituito in gran parte dalla Collezione e dalla Biblioteca, entrambe donate dal conte all’Istituto Nazionale di Entomo- logia (INE). 70 La Scoperta LE SPECIE AFFINI NEL MONDO Acanthobrahmaea europaea Brahmaea certhia Dactyloceras widenmannii Brahmophthalma japonica Brahmaea christophi Calliprogonos miraculosa Brahmaea ledereri Brahmaea porphyria Brahmophthalma wallichii Brahmophthalma hearseyi I brameidi sono una piccola famiglia di farfalle notturne, costituita da cinque generi e dieci spe- cie. Di queste ultime, le più vicine a noi sono due: la Brahmaea ledereri dell’Anatolia e la Brahmaea christophi, che fu scoperta nel 1870 a Lenkoran, nel Caucaso, ma il cui dominio sembrerebbe estendersi ad aree geografiche comprese tra l’Iran, la Siberia orientale e la Corea. La Brahmophthalma wallichii, che raggiunge i 155 millimetri di apertura alare, è dif- fusa in India settentrionale, Sikkim, Nepal, Cina e Taiwan. Lo stesso areale è interessato dalla presenza della Brahmophthalma hearseyi di cui l’affine japonica è considerata, da alcuni studiosi, una sottospecie. In Asia orientale sono presenti la Brahmaea certhia e la Brahmaea porphyria. Rarissima è invece la cinese Calliprogonos miraculosa: ne sarebbero stati catturati sol- tanto tre individui, sul monte Tapai a 1.500 metri d’altitudine, nella provincia di Shenshi. Anche dell’africana Dactyloceras widenmannii sono noti finora pochissimi esemplari raccolti nella regione etiopica. 71 72.
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