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Investigating User Contribution Patterns to Novel Volunteered Geographic Information Platforms

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Investigating User Contribution Patterns to Novel Volunteered Geographic Information Platforms INVESTIGATING USER CONTRIBUTION PATTERNS TO NOVEL VOLUNTEERED GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION PLATFORMS By LEVENTE JUHÁSZ A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 2018 © 2018 Levente Juhász To all who believed in me ACKNOWLEDGMENTS First and foremost, my biggest gratitude goes to my advisor, Hartwig Hochmair, for guiding me through this challenging endeavor. His uttermost patience, understanding, professionalism and the opportunities he provided were all essential for the successful completion of my program. I am truly grateful for this. I also thank wholehearteadly all labmates, colleagues, fellow scientists, anonymous peer-reviewers, committee members, students and everyone I interacted with in any form during the past few years. Their figures stand in front of me, as either inspiration or negative example. Both types were equally needed for my academic development and for becoming the person who I am today. Lastly, on the most personal level humanly possible, I thank my family and the few special friends I have. They provided me with their unconditional love, which one cannot take for granted. Without their love, this work would have not been possible. Words cannot possibly express how much this means to me. 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS page ACKNOWLEDGMENTS .................................................................................................. 4 LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................ 7 LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... 8 LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS ........................................................................................... 11 ABSTRACT ................................................................................................................... 12 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................... 14 Objectives ............................................................................................................... 17 Dissertation Outline ................................................................................................ 18 2 THE EMERGENCE OF NEW MAPPING PLATFORMS: THE CASE OF MAPILLARY ............................................................................................................ 21 Related Work .......................................................................................................... 23 Study Setup ............................................................................................................ 25 Overview of the Analysis .................................................................................. 25 Tile System ....................................................................................................... 26 Data Description and Extraction ....................................................................... 27 Mapillary..................................................................................................... 27 Google Street View .................................................................................... 29 Reference data for determining completeness ........................................... 29 Completeness Computation for Mapillary and Street View............................... 30 Results .................................................................................................................... 32 Contribution Patterns of Mapillary Data ............................................................ 32 Country and continent level........................................................................ 32 Individual level ........................................................................................... 33 Completeness of Street Level Photos .............................................................. 37 Completeness of Mapillary data at the country level .................................. 37 Completeness of Mapillary and Street View data at the city level .............. 38 Summary ................................................................................................................ 40 3 CROSS-LINKAGE BETWEEN STREET LEVEL MAPILLARY PHOTOS AND OSM EDITS ............................................................................................................ 51 Literature Review .................................................................................................... 52 Study Setup ............................................................................................................ 56 Extraction of Mapillary Related OSM Events .................................................... 56 Extraction of Mapillary and OSM Features from Across-Platform Users .......... 57 5 Results .................................................................................................................... 59 Contribution Patterns for Cross-Tagged OSM Features ................................... 59 Cross-linkage between OSM event types and Mapillary ............................ 59 Cross-linkage for OSM primary features .................................................... 61 OSM activity types associated with Mapillary ............................................. 63 Across-Platform User Contributions ................................................................. 64 Summary ................................................................................................................ 65 4 HOW DO VOLUNTEER MAPPERS USE STREET LEVEL MAPILLARY PHOTOS TO ENRICH OSM? ................................................................................. 73 Materials and Methods............................................................................................ 74 Data Sources .................................................................................................... 74 OpenSteetMap ........................................................................................... 74 Mapillary..................................................................................................... 75 Data Preparation and Processing ..................................................................... 75 Workflow .................................................................................................... 75 Extraction of editing sessions ..................................................................... 76 Extraction of candidate features ................................................................. 76 Extraction of edits likely based on Mapillary............................................... 77 Results .................................................................................................................... 78 Summary ................................................................................................................ 80 5 OSM DATA IMPORT AS AN OUTREACH TOOL TO TRIGGER COMMUNITY GROWTH? A CASE STUDY IN MIAMI .................................................................. 85 Materials and Methods............................................................................................ 90 Miami-Dade Large Building Import ................................................................... 90 Outreach Techniques and Target Audiences ................................................... 93 Students ..................................................................................................... 94 Existing OSM community and local community ......................................... 94 Results .................................................................................................................... 97 Participation Numbers ...................................................................................... 97 Students ..................................................................................................... 97 Community users ....................................................................................... 98 New and existing users ............................................................................ 101 Mapping Behavior .......................................................................................... 102 Temporal aspects .................................................................................... 102 Spatial aspects ......................................................................................... 106 Other OSM activities ................................................................................ 108 Summary .............................................................................................................. 110 6 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................... 120 LIST OF REFERENCES ............................................................................................. 126 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .......................................................................................... 136 6 LIST OF TABLES Table page 2-1 Most complete administrative units in terms of Mapillary completeness ............. 50 2-2 Completeness of Mapillary (Map) and Street View (SV) together with relative completeness difference (Rel. Diff.) .................................................................... 50 3-1 Weekly aggregated number of OSM users ........................................................
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