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L. Katinas Et Al. -Nueva Leucheria (Asteraceae) De Chile

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L. Katinas Et Al. -Nueva Leucheria (Asteraceae) De Chile Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 53 (1) 2018 L. Katinas et al. -Nueva Leucheria (Asteraceae)ISSN 0373-580 de Chile X Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 53 (1): 93-98. 2018 UNA NUEVA ESPECIE DE LEUCHERIA (ASTERACEAE), ENDÉMICA DE CHilE LILIANA KATINAS1, JORGE V. CRISCI1 y ALICIA MARTICORENA2 Summary: A new species of Leucheria (Asteraceae), endemic to Chile. A new species of Leucheria Lag. (Asteraceae, Nassauvieae), L. meladensis Katinas, Crisci & A.E. Martic., with entire, elliptic, petiolate, scarcely pubescent leaves is described and illustrated. This would be the only species endemic to Reserva Nacional Bellotos del Melado, at 35º S, in Linares province of the Maule region, Chile. A key to the species of Leucheria that inhabit the Linares province is presented. Key words: Compositae, Chile, endemism, Nassauvieae. Resumen: Se describe e ilustra una nueva especie de Leucheria Lag. (Asteraceae, Nassauvieae), L. meladensis Katinas, Crisci & A.E. Martic., con hojas enteras, elípticas, pecioladas y levemente pubescentes. Esta sería la única especie endémica de la Reserva Nacional Bellotos del Melado, a los 35º S, en la provincia de Linares, región del Maule en Chile. Se presenta una clave de las especies que habitan la provincia de Linares. Palabras clave: Compositae, Chile, endemismo, Nassauvieae. INTRODUCCIÓN varían su orientación sobre el receptáculo rodeando a las flores del margen, ya sea con la cara cóncava El género Leucheria Lag. (Asteraceae, hacia el centro del capítulo, con la cara cóncava Nassauvieae) se compone de 47 especies hacia el exterior del capítulo, o dispuestas en forma distribuidas en las regiones andino-patagónicas perpendicular al centro del capítulo. desde el Perú hasta el sur de Chile y Argentina, El género fue revisado por Crisci (1976) pero, incluyendo algunas islas subantárticas (Crisci, dado que se halla en preparación una actualización 1976). De estas especies, 25 son compartidas entre de la taxonomía de Leucheria, se están analizando Argentina y Chile y 17 son exclusivamente chilenas además ejemplares colectados luego de la revisión (Moreira-Muñoz et al., 2012). de 1976. Durante el análisis de material de Leucheria Leucheria se caracteriza por su hábito herbáceo, depositado en el herbario del Departamento de con hojas dispuestas en una roseta basal, corolas Botánica de la Universidad de Concepción, Chile bilabiadas, anteras sagitadas, estilos truncados (CONC), se halló un ejemplar con una morfología con una coronita apical de pelos colectores y el foliar que se aleja de la del resto de las especies. papus plumoso (Katinas et al., 2008a). Además, la Dado que los caracteres reproductivos de corolas, mayoría de las especies de Leucheria presenta una estilos y anteras son muy homogéneos en el género, característica única en la tribu Nassauvieae que es las características de las hojas son importantes para la curiosa disposición de las filarias más internas diferenciar a las especies. En este caso, las hojas del involucro como si fueran páleas del receptáculo enteras, elípticas y pecioladas son diferentes a las (Crisci, 1976; Katinas et al., 2008b). Estas filarias de las otras especies de Leucheria. Por otro lado, sus flores bilabiadas, el estilo característico de los miembros de Nassauvieae (Fig. 1A), el papus 1División Plantas Vasculares, Museo de La Plata, Paseo plumoso (Fig. 1B), y algunas filarias internas del del Bosque s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina. E-mail: involucro con la cara cóncava mirando al exterior [email protected] 2 Herbario CONC, Departamento de Botánica, Universidad del capítulo no dejan lugar a dudas que pertenece al de Concepción, Casilla 160-C, Concepción, Chile género Leucheria. 93 Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 53 (1) 2018 Fig. 1. A, B. Leucheria meladensis, fotografías al microscopio óptico. A, porción superior del estilo, típico de la tribu Nassauvieae, con dos ramas truncadas con una coronita de pelos colectores de polen en el ápice. B, porción inferior del papus mostrando las cerdas plumosas, unidas en su base en un anillo (A, B, Arroyo et al. 994988, CONC). Este ejemplar presenta además otro rasgo MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS interesante. Fue colectado en el año 1999 por Mary Kalin Arroyo y colaboradores (nº 994988, CONC) Este estudio se basa en el material analizado en la Reserva Nacional Bellotos del Melado ubicada del herbario CONC (Holmgren et al., 1990), a los 35º S en la provincia de Linares (región del de donde se tomaron datos de localidad, fecha, Maule) de Chile. El nombre de la reserva se debe colector y ecología del ambiente. Los órganos a que posee una de las pocas poblaciones del vegetativos y reproductivos fueron hervidos “belloto del sur” (Beilschmiedia berteroana (Gay) previos a su medición. Flores, frutos y papus se Kosterm., Lauraceae), un árbol endémico de Chile aclararon en hipoclorito de sodio diluido y se bajo la categoría En Peligro (Hechenleitner et al., colorearon con safranina al 2%. El montaje de 2005) y monumento natural desde 1995 (Muñoz los materiales se realizó en glicerina diluida al et al., 1996). El nombre “Melado” hace referencia 10%. Las observaciones y los dibujos de las partes al río Melado de color amarillento que nace en la morfológicas y anatómicas se hicieron con un cordillera de los Andes, corre por la provincia de microscopio estereoscópico Nikon SMZ 1000 y con Linares y desagua en el río Ancoa, y al cerro El un microscopio óptico Nikon Eclipse E200, ambos Melado con una altura de 2910 m ubicado en el equipados con cámara clara. Las fotografías se límite norte de la Reserva (cf. Fig. 1 de Arroyo et tomaron con una cámara Nikon Coolpix S10. al., 2000). El ejemplar había sido determinado como L. hieracioides, otra especie de Leucheria que habita RESULTADOS en la Reserva (Arroyo et al., 2000), pero con su estado de nueva especie pasaría a constituir el único A continuación se describe la nueva especie y se taxón exclusivamente endémico de la Reserva, y a presenta una clave de las especies de Leucheria que estar bajo la protección de la misma. habitan la provincia de Linares, en Chile. 94 Bol. Soc. Argent. Bot. 53 (1) 2018 L. Katinas et al. -Nueva Leucheria (Asteraceae) de Chile Leucheria meladensis Katinas, Crisci & A.E. estigmáticas en la cara interna, truncadas y con una Martic., nov. sp. (Fig. 2) coronita de pelos colectores de polen en el ápice, con Tipo: Chile, Región del Maule, Provincia de estilopodio globoso en la base del estilo. Cipselas Linares, Reserva Nacional Bellotos del Melado, 35º de 2-4 mm long, elípticas u obovoides, superficie 51’ S, 71º 06’ W, 19-XII-1999, M. T. K. Arroyo, P. tuberculada por células epidérmicas prominentes, MacPherson, M. Mihoc, A. Humaña & C. Valdivia papiloso-pubescentes, con pelos gemelos, de 135-250 994988 (Holotypus CONC 149089!). µm, sin carpopodio basal. Papus blanco, formado por una serie de cerdas, de 5-6 mm long, plumosas, Herba perennis, erecta, rhizomate obliquo, unidas en su base en un anillo. radicante. Folia radicalia petiolata, lamina integra, elpitica vel oblanceolata, 18-22 mm longa x 7-13 mm El epíteto específico hace referencia al río Melado lata, glabra. Capitulis longe pedunculatis, ad apices y al cerro Melado, que dan parte del nombre a la ramorum solitariis, pedunculi dichotome diviso. Reserva Nacional Bellotos del Melado, Chile, donde Receptaculum margine paleatum, paleis subellipticus, fue colectado el ejemplar tipo. involucri foliola interiora simulantibus. Involucrum Especie endémica de la Reserva Nacional Bellotos 2-3-seriatum. Corollis bilabiatis. Stigmata bipartita, del Melado de Chile, situada en la región del Maule, ramis semiteretibus, apice dilatato-truncatis, provincia de Linares, Comuna de Colbún (Fig. 3). penicillatis. Pappo plumoso, ima basi concretae in Esta área se localiza en el extremo sur de la región annulum. con clima de tipo mediterráneo y con bosque de tipo caducifolio templado. Leucheria meladensis Hierba perenne, de ca. 20 cm alt., rizomatosa, fue hallada en el sotobosque del bosque deciduo caulescente con tallos ramificados o bifurcados en la semiabierto (Arroyo et al., 2000) de Cryptocarya parte superior. Hojas con venación pinnada, lámina alba (Molina) Looser (“peumo”, Lauraceae), simple, entera, elíptica o levemente obovada, margen Lomatia hirsuta (Lam.) Diels (“radal”, Proteaceae) y entero, ápice redondeado, levemente acuminado, Austrocedrus chilensis (D. Don) Pic. Serm. & Bizarri levemente estrigosas en el haz, araneosas en el envés; (“ciprés de la cordillera”, Cupressaceae), a los 1080 hojas inferiores dispuestas en roseta, generalmente m de altura. rodeadas por restos de pecíolos de hojas viejas y Hasta ahora sólo se conoce el ejemplar tipo de secas, lámina de 18-22 x 7-13 mm, pecioladas, pecíolo L. meladensis depositado en CONC, de modo que de 25-35 mm long, envainador; hojas superiores futuros estudios de campo indicarán si ésta es una alternas, sésiles, lámina de 10-30 x 4-10 mm, especie en peligro o no desde el punto de vista de su menores las más cercanas a los capítulos. Capítulos conservación de acuerdo al número de poblaciones homógamos, discoides, en cimas 2-céfalas, laxas, existentes. Afortunadamente, de ser una especie largamente pedunculados. Involucro acampanado; vulnerable o en peligro, ya se encontraría protegida filarias 2-3 seriadas, imbricadas, elípticas, glabras, en una reserva nacional. estrigoso-pubescentes, las externas de 3-4 x 1-1,5 Leucheria meladensis comparte el hábito de mm, las internas de 6-7 mm x 1,5-2 mm, la tercera hierba perenne y caulescente, y las hojas enteras serie formada por algunas filarias que funcionan con L. garciana, L. gilliesii, L. integrifolia y L. como páleas, con la cara convexa hacia el centro del lithospermifolia, pero la morfología de las hojas es capítulo y encerrando una o más flores con la segunda diferente. En L. meladensis el limbo es anchamente serie. Flores isomorfas, perfectas, corola blanca o elíptico u obovado y no acompaña al pecíolo, amarillenta en el material herborizado, de 10-11 mm mientras que en las otras especies el limbo es long, bilabiada, glabra, labio exterior 3-dentado, muy alargado, generalmente linear-elíptico o linear- de 4-6 mm long, alargado en las flores marginales, oblanceolado y acompaña al pecíolo hasta la base labio interior bífido, de 2-2,5 mm long.
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