Wagon Tracks Volume 33, Issue 1 Article 1 (November 2018)

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Wagon Tracks Volume 33, Issue 1 Article 1 (November 2018) Wagon Tracks Volume 33 Issue 1 Wagon Tracks Volume 33, Issue 1 Article 1 (November 2018) 2019 Wagon Tracks Volume 33, Issue 1 (November 2018) Santa Fe Trail Association Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/wagon_tracks Part of the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Santa Fe Trail Association. "Wagon Tracks Volume 33, Issue 1 (November 2018)." Wagon Tracks 33, 1 (2019). https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/wagon_tracks/vol33/iss1/1 This Full Issue is brought to you for free and open access by UNM Digital Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Wagon Tracks by an authorized editor of UNM Digital Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. : Wagon Tracks Volume 33, Issue 1 (November 2018) Quarterly Publication of the Santa Fe Trail Association volume 33 ♦ number 1 November 2018 Warfare and Death on the Santa Fe Trail ♦ page 10 Selections from Rendezvous Presentations ♦ page 16 Business Techniques in the Santa Fe Trade ♦ page 19 Published by UNM Digital Repository, 2019 Why the Cherokee Trail is Important ♦ page 22 1 Wagon Tracks, Vol. 33 [2019], Iss. 1, Art. 1 On the Cover: Pawnee Indians Watching a Caravan by Alfred Jacob Miller Courtesy: The Walters Art Museum, Baltimore art.thewalters.org “Of all the Indian tribes I think the Pawnee gave us the most trouble, and were (of all) to be most zealously guarded against. We knew that the Blackfeet were our deadly enemies, forwarned here was to be forearmed. Now the Pawnees pretended amity, and were a species of ‘confidence Men.’ They reminded us of two German students meeting for the first time, and one saying to the other, ‘Let’s you and I swear eternal friendship.’ In passing through their country, it was most desirable and indeed essential to cultivate their good will, but these fellow had le main croche. They could not, or would not, distinguish meum & teum. Whether they were within the Camp or in our vicinity it was requi- site to put a double guard over the horses. Then when we were en route we were continually under their surveillance, and we knew it. From the tops of bluffs, behind rocks, and out of the long grass of the prairie, they watche us and kept themselves posted; transmitting no doubt intelligence to ‘headquarters.’” A.J. Miller, extracted from The West of Alfred Jacob Miller (1837). In July 1858, William T. Walters commissioned 200 water- colors at twelve dollars apiece from Baltimore-born artist Alfred Jacob Miller. These paintings were each accompanied by a descriptive text, and were delivered in installments over the next 21 months and ultimately were bound in three albums. Transcriptions of field-sketches drawn during the 1837 expedition that Miller had undertaken to the annual fur-trader’s rendezvous in the Green River Valley (in what is now western Wyoming), these watercolors are a unique record of the closing years of the western fur trade. See related article by Dr. Timothy Zwink on page 10. About the Santa Fe Trail Association The mission of the Santa Fe Trail Association is to protect and preserve the Santa Fe Trail and to promote awareness of the historical legacy associated with it. Follow us online at www.santafetrail.org, Facebook, Twitter, Pinterest and YouTube Wagon Tracks, the official publication of the Santa Fe Trail Association (SFTA), publishes well-researched and documented peer-reviewed articles relating to the Santa Fe Trail. Wagon Tracks is published in February, May, August, and November. Deadlines are the 10th of the month prior to publication. Queries are welcome. Complete submission guidelines are posted at www.santafetrail.org. Although the entire issue of Wagon Tracks is copyrighted in the name of the Santa Fe Trail Association, copyright to each article remains in the author’s name. Articles may be edited or abridged at the editor’s discretion. https://digitalrepository.unm.edu/wagon_tracks/vol33/iss1/12 Wagon Tracks November 2018 2 : Wagon Tracks Volume 33, Issue 1 (November 2018) Quarterly of the Santa Fe Trail Association volume 33 ♦ number 1 November 2018 Rain? No rain. Beth Iman of the Elkhart Theater Group, portraying Mrs. Elliott, laments the effects of the Dust Bowl at the Tunnerville Work Center in the Ci- marron National Grassland, Kansas. According to Dr. Michelle Stevens, zone archaeologist for the U.S. Forest Service, this area was in the center of the Dust Bowl of the 1930s. Some of the swales of the Santa Fe Trail were most likely swept clean by the winds, and other portions covered by blowing dirt and sand. This Photo: Ruth Friesen Photo: portion of Kansas is one of the few areas in the state that have not been scanned by LiDAR, which might show covered swales. 16 Desecration of the Sacred: Contents Minoma Littlehawk Sills 2 On the Cover: Pawnee Indians Watching 17 The Story of Kate Kingsbury: a Caravan Margaret Sears 4 President: As I See It 18 SFTA Awards and Hall of Fame 5 Manager: Joanne’s Jottings 21, 26, 27 Bright Days Event Photos 6 Mapping Progress, Leader Needed 27 Light My Fire! 7-8 Symposium 2019 28-31 Chapter Reports 8-9, 15 Trail News 29 Membership Form 32 Calendar 10-15 19-21 22-26 Warfare and Death on Business Techniques in Why the Cherokee Trail the Santa Fe Trail the Santa Fe Trade is Important by Dr. Timothy Zwink by Lewis E. Atherton by Brian D. Stucky PublishedNovember by UNM 2018 Digital Repository, 2019 Wagon Tracks 3 3 Wagon Tracks, Vol. 33 [2019], Iss. 1, Art. 1 As I See It by Larry Justice, President of SFTA ligious leaders and workers versus independently together.” During those who had scant appreciation Rendezvous this year in Larned, Mi- for religion, who artistically auto- noma Littlehawk Sills caught my at- graphed the landmarks that guided tention as a good example of Forbes’s the wagon trains across the prairie statement. She frequently shared and the mountains (Wagon Mound, her personal conviction to think Point of Rocks, Pawnee Rock). And independently while helping unite we have stories of diverse language members of her Cheyenne-Arapaho barriers being overcome among those Nation with organizations like SFTA who spoke Spanish, English, French, to mend the past and discover ways as well as the plethora of American to preserve history together. Indian languages. We have stories about the diverse clothing people In years to come, I hope to see a wore and the supplies that were car- greater appreciation and involvement ried in the diverse styles of wagons. of those with diverse backgrounds Entrepreneur, publisher, motorcy- DIVERSITY was a significant con- who can make the work of the SFTA clist, and multi-millionaire Malcom tributor throughout the life of the more inclusive while encouraging Forbes defined the term “diversity” Trail. Let us not forget that diversity independent thought and action. as “the art of thinking independently is the fodder for the success of the Therefore, I strongly encourage you together.” Forbes, a former Army Trail, while a lack of appreciation for to reach out to those of diverse back- staff sergeant who was awarded the diversity cost men and women their grounds and help all of us see the Bronze Star and Purple Heart, died lives. strength in DIVERSITY. This is part at the age of 70. As I See It, the of communicating a common goal Santa Fe Trail Association should In my three years as President of for helping us to preserve, protect, champion the word “diversity,” as it the Santa Fe Trail Association, aside and promote the historical legacy of effectively describes the historical from the verbal recognition of the the Santa Fe National Historic Trail definition of the term. Trail’s diversity, I am concerned we as we commemorate the 200th year have not been very successful in since William Becknell made his The sixty-year life of the Santa Fe showing true diversity. Forbes stated first successful venture to Santa Fe in Trail is replete with examples of that diversity is the “art of thinking 1821. diversity. We have stories of diverse race relations and ethnicity among Meet New SFTA Leaders Indians, whites, Spanish, and blacks. Note the impact of peoples like the Holly Sporleder has assumed the Martha Scranton is now the SFTA Cheyenne, Comanche, Osage, and position of Eblast Editor. She will be Policy and Procedure Chair. Mike Kanza. Or highlight names like carrying on the important position Olsen has stepped aside from this Becknell, Carson, Delgado, and the created by Rod Podszus, provid- position. Martha was born in Kansas Buffalo Soldiers. We have stories ing information about SFTA news, and holds degrees from the Uni- of both genders (Magoffin, Mor- needs, and events. Rod has done yeo- versity of Kansas and Kansas State ris, Sloan) along the Trail. We have man’s work in designing the SFTA University. She and her husband Ron stories of those seeking fame and Eblast and will be working with operated the Larned Greenhouse, fortune compared to those who were Holly over the next few months to Flower Shop and Nursery for 40 simply trying desperately to survive. aid in the transition. years. We have stories of those who were seeking power and control, versus Holly was born and raised in Kansas. She has served as a volunteer at Ft. those who enthusiastically wanted to She joined the Cottage House staff Larned and at the Santa Fe Trail explore new opportunities. We have in Council Grove, Kansas, after it Center and currently is the treasurer stories of the great military leaders re-opened under new management for the Wet/Dry Routes Chapter of and those who used the military as in 2017, and posts for them on social the Santa Fe Trail Association.
Recommended publications
  • WPLI Resolution
    Matters from Staff Agenda Item # 17 Board of County Commissioners ‐ Staff Report Meeting Date: 11/13/2018 Presenter: Alyssa Watkins Submitting Dept: Administration Subject: Consideration of Approval of WPLI Resolution Statement / Purpose: Consideration of a resolution proclaiming conservation principles for US Forest Service Lands in Teton County as a final recommendation of the Wyoming Public Lands Initiative (WPLI) process. Background / Description (Pros & Cons): In 2015, the Wyoming County Commissioners Association (WCCA) established the Wyoming Public Lands Initiative (WPLI) to develop a proposed management recommendation for the Wilderness Study Areas (WSAs) in Wyoming, and where possible, pursue other public land management issues and opportunities affecting Wyoming’s landscape. In 2016, Teton County elected to participate in the WPLI process and appointed a 21‐person Advisory Committee to consider the Shoal Creek and Palisades WSAs. Committee meetings were facilitated by the Ruckelshaus Institute (a division of the University of Wyoming’s Haub School of Environment and Natural Resources). Ultimately the Committee submitted a number of proposals, at varying times, to the BCC for consideration. Although none of the formal proposals submitted by the Teton County WPLI Committee were advanced by the Board of County Commissioners, the Board did formally move to recognize the common ground established in each of the Committee’s original three proposals as presented on August 20, 2018. The related motion stated that the Board chose to recognize as a resolution or as part of its WPLI recommendation, that all members of the WPLI advisory committee unanimously agree that within the Teton County public lands, protection of wildlife is a priority and that there would be no new roads, no new timber harvest except where necessary to support healthy forest initiatives, no new mineral extraction excepting gravel, no oil and gas exploration or development.
    [Show full text]
  • Frontier Fighters and the Romance of the Ranchos By, Jim Stebinger Mr
    Newsletter of the Jedediah Smith Society • University of the Pacific, Stockton, California SUMMER 2020 Jedediah Smith in Popular Culture: Frontier Fighters and The Romance of The Ranchos By, Jim Stebinger Mr. Stebinger is a freelance writer, journalist and amateur historian living in Los Angeles. As a UCLA graduate he has had a lifelong interest in history with a focus on western expansion, Jedediah Smith and the mountain fur trade. One of the great surprises of the internet is the extent to up the Missouri. which people will work, research, publish and upload The men go huge amounts of material without recompense. Of course to Ashley’s Wikipedia is the prime example but of perhaps more “mansion” to immediate interest to members of the Society has been the enlist. uploading of vast amounts of “Classic Radio” including at On May 20, least two radio biographies of Jedediah Smith. 1823 we hear raging battle The first piece, which runs 15 minutes 10 seconds, was the “near the present sixth episode of a 39 part series called “Frontier Fighters” 1 boundary of that briefly depicted the lives of men (and some women) North and central to the westward expansion of the United States. South Dakota” Frontier Fighters dramatized soldiers, explorers, mountain Between the men, bankers, doctors and some famous battles including Ashley party the fall of the Alamo. The subjects chosen lived or the events and an enemy occurred from before the founding of the United States up identified as “Arickarees.” Smith is tending to the wounded to about 1900. Although the series is easily available for when Ashley calls for a volunteer to seek aid from Andrew download little is known of the production and crew.
    [Show full text]
  • PUBLISHED OCCASIONALLY by the FRIENDS of the BANCROFT LIBRARY UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 4, CALIFORNIA Number 10 • MAY 1954
    PUBLISHED OCCASIONALLY BY THE FRIENDS OF THE BANCROFT LIBRARY UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, BERKELEY 4, CALIFORNIA Number 10 • MAY 1954 Annual Meeting Achievement THE ANNUAL MEETING of the Friends will be IT IS PLEASANT to report that three-fourths held on Sunday afternoon, May 16, at 4:30 of the titles on the want lists in our last issue o'clock in the Reading Room of the Bancroft have come in to the library, thanks to our Library. Dr. James D. Hart, Professor of Eng­ very good Friends. lish at the University of California, will ad­ Joseph Bransten embarked upon a one-man dress members and their guests, his subject campaign in our behalf and to date has sup­ being "What Did the 49ers Read?" plied us with no less than nineteen books, There will be a short business meeting for some of them very rare indeed. Others who the election of new members of the Council, have contributed volumes are: Professor Nel­ following which much interesting material lie Barnes, Helen MacKnight Doyle, Joseph from the Gelett Burgess, Thomas W. Norris, Henry Jackson, Theodora Larsen Killinger, and other important new acquisitions, will be Dr. Albert Shumate and Frank Schwabacher. on display. For those interested —and we hope there will be many such—we include elsewhere in this issue our Gelett Burgess want list. William G. Paden: 1883-1954 The Larkin Papers THE DEATH of Dr. Paden on April 6, 1954, UNDER the able editorship of Dr. George P. not only deprived the Friends of their presid­ Hammond, The Larkin Papers, one of the ing officer and valued associate, but in his most ambitious publishing projects ever un­ passing the community as a whole lost an dertaken by the University of California able school administrator and a long-time Press, is proceeding on schedule.
    [Show full text]
  • Jedediah Strong Smith's Lands Purchased by Ralph Smith in Ohio
    Newsletter of the Jedediah Smith Society • University of the Pacific, Stockton, California FALL/WINTER 2010 - SPRING 2011 Jedediah Strong Smith’s located in Richland County, Green Township. (Note: Dale Morgan’s book seems to be mistaken when it says that they moved Lands to Ashland County Ohio in 1817. Ashland County did not exist until 1846, having been made up of parts of Wayne and Richland Purchased by Ralph Smith in Ohio Counties.) It is assumed that young Jedediah Strong Smith lived By Roger Williams with his parents and siblings at this location until approximately 1820, when he left home, headed west and ended up in St. Louis, Missouri in the early spring of 1821. It was also inferred that the I have read the book “Jedediah Smith Smith family was not monetarily well off, so that may have been a and the Opening of the West” by Dale factor in Jedediah S. Smith’s decision to leave home. (2) Morgan, copyright 1953; wherein he has provided several letters of Jedediah I have searched the tax records as far back as 1826 and have S. Smith to his mother and father and not found where Jedediah Smith Sr. or Ralph Smith owned land his brother Ralph Smith. This is a in Green Township. It is not a far stretch to believe that they may wonderful book on Jedediah Smith and have rented land, share cropped, or operated another general store his family. In Mr. Morgan’s book there and lumber sales that were actually owned by another person. is a note saying that Jedediah S.
    [Show full text]
  • Update September 2018 Colorado/Cherokee Trail Chapter News and Events
    Update September 2018 Colorado/Cherokee Trail Chapter News and Events Welcome New and Returning Members Bill and Sally Burr Jack and Jody Lawson Emerson and Pamela Shipe John and Susie Winner . Chapter Members Attending the 2018 Ogden, Utah Convention L-R: Gary and Ginny Dissette, Bruce and Peggy Watson, Camille Bradford, Kent Scribner, Jane Vander Brook, Chuck Hornbuckle, Lynn and Mark Voth. Photo by Roger Blair. Preserving the Historic Road Conference September 13-16 Preserving the Historic Road is the leading international conference dedicated to the identification, preservation and management of historic roads. The 2018 Conference will be held in historic downtown Fort Collins and will celebrate twenty years of advocacy for historic roads and look to the future of this important heritage movement that began in 1998 with the first conference in Los Angeles. The 2018 conference promises to be an exceptional venue for robust discussions and debates on the future of historic roads in the United States and around the globe. Don't miss important educational sessions showcasing how the preservation of historic roads contributes to the economic, transportation, recreational, and cultural needs of your community. The planning committee for Preserving the Historic Road 2018 has issued a formal Call for Papers for presentations at the September 13-16, 2018 conference. Interested professionals, academics and advocates are encouraged to submit paper abstracts for review and consideration by the planning committee. The planning committee is seeking paper abstracts that showcase a number of issues related to the historic road and road systems such as: future directions and approaches for the identification, preservation and management of historic roads to identify priorities for the next twenty years of research, advocacy and action.
    [Show full text]
  • Colorado Southern Frontier Historic Context
    607 COLORADO SOUTHERN FRONTIER HISTORIC CONTEXT PLAINS PLATEAU COUNTRY MOUNTAINS SOUTHERN FRONTIER OFFICE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION COLORADO HISTORICAL SOCIETY COLORADO SOUTHERN FRONTIER HISTORIC CONTEXT CARROL JOE CARTER STEVEN F. MEHLS © 1984 COLORADO HISTORICAL SOCIETY FACSIMILE EDITION 2006 OFFICE OF ARCHAEOLOGY AND HISTORIC PRESERVATION COLORADO HISTORICAL SOCIETY 1300 BROADWAY DENVER, CO 80203 The activity which is the subject of this material has been financed in part with Federal funds from the National Historic Preservation Act, administered by the National Park Service, U.S. Department of the Interior and for the Colorado Historical Society. However, the contents and opinions do not necessarily reflect the views or policies of the U.S. Department of the Interior or the Society, nor does the mention of trade names or commercial products constitute an endorsement or recommendation by the Department of the Interior or the Society. This program receives Federal funds from the National Park Service. Regulations of the U.S. Department of the Interior strictly prohibit unlawful discrimination in departmental Federally assisted programs on the basis of race, color, national origin, age or handicap. Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against in any program, activity, or facility operated by a recipient of Federal assistance should write to: Director, Equal Opportunity Program, U.S. Department of the Interior, 1849 C Street, N.W., Washington, D.C. 20240. This is a facsimile edition of the original 1984 publication. Text and graphics are those of the original edition. CONTENTS SOUTHERN FRONTIER Page no. 1. Spanish Dominance (1664-1822) .• II-1 2. Trading �nd Trapping (1803-1880) .
    [Show full text]
  • The Overland Trail
    OREGON-CALIFORNIA TRAILS ASSOCIATION 27TH ANNUAL CONVENTION August 18-22, 2009 Loveland, Colorado Hosted by Colorado-Cherokee Trail Chapter Convention Booklet Cherokee Trail to the West 1849 ·· 18SS OCTA 2009 Lovelana, Colorana Au�ust 18-2 2 Cherokee Trail to the West, 1849-1859 OREGON-CALIFORNIA TRAILS ASSOCIATION 27th ANNUAL CONVENTION August 18-22, 2009 Loveland, Colorado Hosted by Colorado-Cherokee Trail Chapter Compiled and Edited by Susan Badger Doyle with the assistance of Bob Clark, Susan Kniebes, and Bob Rummel Welcome to the 27th Annual OCTA Convention Loveland, Colorado About the Convention The official host motel, Best Western Crossroads Inn & Conference Center, is the site for the meeting of the OCTA Board of Directors on Tuesday, August 18. The remaining convention activities and the boarding and disembarking of convention tour buses will take place at TheRanch I., rimer Coumy F mgrounds and Fven ts Com pie 5280 Arena Circle, Loveland OCTA activities will be in the Thomas M. McKee 4-H, Youth, and Community Building on the south side of Arena Circle at The Ranch. Raffle and Live Auction There will be a live auction on August20. Our auctioneer is OCTA member John Winner. The annual rafflewill also be conducted throughout the week. BOOK ROOM/EXHIBIT ROOM HOURS REGISTRATION/INFORMATION DESK HOURS Aug 18 6:00 p.m.-9:00 p.m. Aug 18 9:00 a.m.-9:00 p.m. Aug 19 9:45 a.m.-6:00 p.m. Aug 19 7:00 a.m.-6:00 p.m. Aug 20 4:30 p.m.-6:30 p.m.
    [Show full text]
  • Senate Joint Resolution No. 14–Senators Titus, Mathews, Amodei
    Senate Joint Resolution No. 14–Senators Titus, Mathews, Amodei, Care, Carlton, Coffin, Jacobsen, James, McGinness, Neal, O’Connell, O’Donnell, Porter, Raggio, Rawson, Rhoads, Schneider, Shaffer, Townsend, Washington and Wiener Joint Sponsors: Assemblymen Manendo, Anderson, Angle, Arberry, Bache, Beers, Berman, Brower, Brown, Buckley, Carpenter, Cegavske, Chowning, Claborn, Collins, de Braga, Dini, Freeman, Gibbons, Giunchigliani, Goldwater, Gustavson, Hettrick, Humke, Koivisto, Lee, Leslie, Marvel, McClain, Mortenson, Neighbors, Nolan, Oceguera, Ohrenschall, Parks, Parnell, Perkins, Price, Smith, Tiffany, Von Tobel and Williams FILE NUMBER.......... SENATE JOINT RESOLUTION—Urging Congress to dedicate the Old Spanish Trail and the Antonio Armijo Route of the Old Spanish Trail as a National Historic Trail. WHEREAS, The Old Spanish Trail, which ran between Santa Fe, New Mexico, and Los Angeles, California, was the first non-Native American trail to cross Nevada and remains the least known trail; and WHEREAS, Traders, couriers and emigrants en route between Santa Fe and Los Angeles followed Indian trails in blazing the Spanish Trail through Clark County; and WHEREAS, The journey of Antonio Armijo, a trader from New Mexico, through Nevada in 1829 and 1830 linked the historic 1776 routes of the Dominguez-Escalante expedition through Utah and the Garces’ exploration into Southern California and used a portion of the 1826 and 1827 routes of Jedediah Smith to California; and WHEREAS, Antonio Armijo was the first to link the interior of the Southwest with the California coast successfully, thus opening a commercial trade route, approximately 1,121 miles long, that functioned between 1829 and 1848 as the main artery connecting the interior to the coast which later became known as the Old Spanish Trail and is so named in modern literature; and WHEREAS, Captain John C.
    [Show full text]
  • Illegal Fencing on the Colorado Range
    Illegal Fencing on the Colorado Range BY WILLIAM R. WHITE The end of the Civil War witnessed a boom in the cattle business in the western states. Because of the depletion of eastern herds during the war, a demand for cheap Texas beef in­ creased steadily during the late eighteen-sixties and the early eighteen-seventies. This beef also was in demand by those in­ dividuals who planned to take advantage of the free grass on the Great Plains, which had remained untouched prior to the war, except by the buffalo. Each year thousands of Texas cattle were driven north to stock the various ranges claimed by numerous cattlemen or would-be cattlemen. The usual practice of an aspir­ ing cattleman was to register a homestead claim along some stream where the ranch house and outbuildings were con­ structed. His cattle then were grazed chiefly upon the public lands where they "were merely on sufferance and not by right of any grant or permission from the government. " 1 The Homestead, Preemption, Timber Culture, and Desert Land acts had been enacted to enable persons to secure government land easily, but "the amount of acreage allowed was not even remotely enough to meet the needs of the western stockgrowers. " 2 Although the government land laws were not designed for cattlemen, they made extensive use of them. The statutes served the cattlemen, however, only as the cattlemen violated the spirit of the law. 3 During the sixties and the seventies cattlemen tended to respect the range claims of their neighbors and "the custom of priority-the idea of squatter sovereignty met the 1 Clifford P.
    [Show full text]
  • Greater Jeffersontown Historical Society Newsletter
    GREATER JEFFERSONTOWN HISTORICAL SOCIETY NEWSLETTER August 2018 Vol. 16 Number 4 August Meeting -- 12:30 P.M., Monday, August 6, 2018. We will continue to meet during the day at 12:30 P.M. in the Jeffersontown Library, 10635 Watterson Trail. The Greater Jeffersontown Historical Society meetings are held on the first Monday of the even numbered months of the year. Everyone is encouraged to attend to help guide and grow the Society. August Meeting Kentucky’s Native History - Persistent Myths and Stereotypes. The many cultural contributions Native Americans have made throughout Kentucky’s history, as well as the impact of lingering stereotypes. The program will be presented by Tressa Brown, who received her B.A. in Biology and Anthropology at Transylvania University and her M.A. in Anthropology from Arizona State University. She is currently the coordinator for the Kentucky Native American Heritage Commission and the Kentucky African American Heritage Commission. She has worked for the past 25 years providing Native American educational programming for schools and the public, both in her current position as well as in her previous position as Curator at the Salato Wildlife Education Center. Her primary focus has been to identify the stereotypes and myths about Native Americans in general and Kentucky’s Native people in particular. Her position at KHC is to provide accurate information to educators and the public about the diversity of Native cultures as well as the issues affecting Native people in contemporary society. GJHS on Facebook Thanks to Anne Bader GJHS is now on Facebook and Facebook .com. Please look at all she has put on it.
    [Show full text]
  • The Fur Trade (Continued from Summer 2015) by Howard C
    Newsletter of the Jedediah Smith Society • University of the Pacific, Stockton, California FALL 2015 The Fur Trade (Continued from Summer 2015) BY HOWARD C. LEWIS Now that we have looked at the fur G. When the transfer to France was discovered by industry, let’s zero in on the political activities during the Thomas Jefferson, he convinced the Congress it was period of 1800 to 1850. time to act. Napoleon needed the money, and the Just prior to 1800, the political situation was Louisiana Purchase was completed in 1802. undergoing serious changes. H. E ventually, in 1846, the U.S. wrested the balance of A. Prior to 1802, when the Americans stepped across the the territories west of the Rockies and south of the Mississippi River, they were on foreign ground, in 42nd parallel from Mexico. The area included the hostile territory. entire southwest portion of the U.S. except for the B. The Spanish territory—of the Louisiana Purchase— Gadsen Purchase which came much later. was virtually without government and what little Through the period 1800 to 1850, there were government there was—was dispensed from local many changes in the western part of North American, alcaldes or equivalents. Enforcement of the Spanish involving very substantial transactions in lands that were laws was non-existent. comparatively devoid of population. There were no C. It was not until 1819 that an agreement was reached surveys. The government was without factual data of any with Spain as to the 42nd parallel that confirmed the kind. There were few people in the Louisiana, Oregon, absence of Spanish rule north of that line.
    [Show full text]
  • Jedediah Smith Society Collection, 1943
    http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/tf2v19n9cx No online items Register of the Jedediah Smith Society Collection, 1943- Processed by Holt Atherton staff Holt-Atherton Department of Special Collections University Library, University of the Pacific Stockton, CA 95211 Phone: (209) 946-2404 Fax: (209) 946-2810 URL: http://library.pacific.edu/ha © 1998 University of the Pacific. All rights reserved. Register of the Jedediah Smith Mss18 1 Society Collection, 1943- Register of the Jedediah Smith Society Collection, 1943- Collection number: Mss18 Holt-Atherton Department of Special Collections University Library University of the Pacific Contact Information Holt-Atherton Department of Special Collections University Library, University of the Pacific Stockton, CA 95211 Phone: (209) 946-2404 Fax: (209) 946-2810 URL: http://library.pacific.edu/ha Processed by: Holt Atherton staff Date Completed: May 2011 Encoded by: Holt-Atherton Staff © 1998 University of the Pacific. All rights reserved. Descriptive Summary Title: Jedediah Smith Society Collection, Date (inclusive): 1943- Collection number: Mss18 Creator: Jedediah Smith Society Extent: 6 linear ft. Repository: University of the Pacific. Library. Holt-Atherton Department of Special Collections Stockton, CA 95211 Shelf location: For current information on the location of these materials, please consult the library's online catalog. Language: English. Access Collection is open for research. Preferred Citation [Identification of item], Jedediah Smith Society Collection, Mss18, Holt-Atherton Department
    [Show full text]