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Vol. 5, N. 1, Janeiro/Junho, 2018 DOI: 10.26792/RBED.V5n1.2018 Vol. 5, n. 1, janeiro/junho, 2018 DOI: 10.26792/RBED.v5n1.2018 ISSN: 2358-3932 Associação Brasileira de Estudos de Defesa CNPJ 08.743.954/0001-04 REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE ESTUDOS DE DEFESA Niterói, v. 5, nº 1, Jan./Jun. 2018 RBED, v. 2, nº 1, jan./jun. 2015 Editor-Chefe Eduardo Munhoz Svartman (UFRGS, Brasil) Comitê Editorial Alcides Costa Vaz (ex officio - UNB/Brasil) Kai Michael Kenkel (PUC-Rio, Brasil) Paulo Visentini (UFRGS, Brasil) Conselho Editorial Alexandre Fuccille (UNESP, Brasil) Antonio Jorge Ramalho da Rocha (UnB/Brasil) Celso Castro (FGV, Brasil) Daniel Zirker (University of Waikato, Nova Zelândia) Eliézer Rizzo de Oliveira (Unicamp , Brasil) Ernesto Justo López (Universidad Nacional de Quilmes, Argentina) Eurico de Lima Figueiredo (UFF, Brasil) Graciela de Conti Pagliari (UFSC, Brasil) Hal Klepac (McGill University, Canadá) Héctor Luis Saint-Pierre (UNESP, Brasil) João Roberto Martins Filho (UFSCar, Brasil) Julián González Guyer (UDELAR, Uruguai) Luis Eduardo Tibiletti (USAL, Argentina) Manuel Domingos Neto (UFF, Brasil) Marcela Donadio (RESDAL, Argentina) Marco Cepik (UFRGS, Brasil) Marcos Aurélio Guedes de Oliveira (UFPE, Brasil) Maria Celina D’Araujo (PUC-Rio, Brasil) Mônica Dias Martins (UECE, Brasil) Patrice Franko (Colby College, Estados Unidos da América) Samuel Alves Soares (UNESP, Brasil) Shiguenoli Miyamoto (UNICAMP, Brasil) Waldimir Pirró e Longo (UFF, Brasil) Wanderley Messias da Costa (USP, Brasil) Assistentes de Edição João Paulo Cavazzani Bosso (capa e logo), Carlos Batanoli Hallberg (revisão), Fernando Piccinini Schmitt (editoração eletrônica) Secretaria Administrativa Jéfferson Felipe Alves do Nascimento Indexadores 2 SOBRE A REVISTA A Revista Brasileira de Estudos de Defesa (RBED) é um periódico aca- dêmico semestral editado pela Associação Brasileira de Estudos da Defesa (ABED), segundo normas internacionais de editoração científica. A RBED foi criada em 2014 com o objetivo de promover o desenvol- vimento das áreas de defesa e segurança, incentivando o intercâmbio de ideias, o debate de problemas pertinentes a esses temas e o diálogo acadê- mico multidisciplinar que aborde, a partir de diferentes áreas do conheci- mento, os campos de interesse da publicação. A Revista publica artigos, ensaios e resenhas inéditas, aprovados pelo sistema de avaliação pelos pares. É voltada a trabalhos que tratem de te- mas relacionados à defesa nacional, segurança internacional, e seus temas afins, tais como: segurança nacional, guerra e paz, relações entre forças armadas e sociedade, ciência e tecnologia no âmbito da defesa nacional, estudos militares, estudos estratégicos, políticas públicas de segurança e defesa, relações internacionais, ciência política, engenharia de produção, dentre outros. R454 Revista Brasileira de Estudos de Defesa / Associação Brasileira de Estudos de Defesa. v. 1, n. 1 (2014-). Niterói : Associação Brasileira de Estudos de Defesa, 2014-. ISSN 2358-3932 - versão online 1. Defesa nacional – Periódicos. I. Associação Brasileira de Estudos de Defesa. CDU 355.45(81) Catalogação na publicação: Mônica Ballejo Canto – CRB 10/1023 ASSOCIAÇÃO BRASILEIRA DE ESTUDOS DE DEFESA (ABED) Diretoria ABED (2018-2020) Presidência: Alcides Costa Vaz (UnB) Vice-Presidencia: Wanderley Messias da Costa (USP) Secretaria Executiva: Sabrina Evangelista Medeiros (EGN) Secretaria Adjunta: Danielle Jacon Ayres Pinto (UFSC) Diretoria de Relações Institucionais: Thiago Moreira de Souza Rodrigues (UFF) Diretoria Financeira: Paulo Gustavo Pellegrino Correa (UNIFAP) Diretoria Financeira Adjunta: Juliana de Paula Bigatão (USP) Diretoria de Publicações: Eduardo Munhoz Svartman Conselho Fiscal Erica Cristina Alexandre Winand (UFS) Leonardo Dal Evedove (UFR) Sumário Apresentação . 9 Eduardo Munhoz Svartman Editorial – Geopolítica, Defesa e Estratégia: o Resgate dos Estudos Geopolíticos na Contemporaneidade . 11 Wanderley Messias da Costa, Oscar Medeiros Filho, Selma Lúcia de Moura Gonzales e Augusto W. M. Teixeira Júnior Seção 1 – Questões Conceituais e Epistemológicas da Geopolítica A gênese da geopolítica e sua difusão na história mundial . 19 Érika Laurinda Amusquivar e Rodrigo Duarte Fernandes dos Passos Delimiting Geopolitics: a formal approach to define the geopolitical subject . 41 De Leon Petta Gomes da Costa Do interesse nacional à estratégia de segurança energética: um diálogo epistemológico . 63 Tiago Gabriel Tasca Seção 2 – O Pensamento Geopolítico Brasileiro Revisitado A Geopolítica da Amazônia no século XXI: o pensamento de Mário Travassos revisitado . 87 André Luiz Varella Neves Grande, só o Brasil: As regiões platina e amazônica no centro do pensamento geoestratégico do Estado . .. 115 Adriano Moura Oliveira Seção 3 – Novos Desafios Geopolíticos no Contexto da Globalização Geopolítica do espaço cibernético e o poder: o exercicio da soberania por meio do controle . 141 Lucas Soares Portela O geoprocessamento como meio operacional e estratégico para defesa fronteiriça . 167 Silmara Cosme Cravo e Pedro Henrique Freire Janzantti Geopolítica e o domínio aeroespacial: da supremacia da aviação militar à exploração espacial por fusão nuclear . 193 Fernanda das Graças Corrêa, Alcides Eduardo dos Reis Peron e Luiz Fabricio Thaumaturgo Vergueiro Resenha de: Oliveira, Marcos Aurélio Guedes de; Gama Neto, Ricardo Borges; Lopes, Gills Vilar . 2016 . Relações internacionais cibernéticas (CiberRI): oportunidades e desafios para os estudos estratégicos e de segurança internacional . Recife: Ed . da UFPE . (Coleção Defesa e Fronteiras Virtuais; 3) . 219 Aluysio Athayde Seção 4 – A Reconfiguração do Tabuleiro Internacional Fundamentos da geopolítica neo-eurasianista na inserção russa no caso sírio . 227 Thainá Penha Baima Viana Nunes e Mayane Bento Silva Geopolítica e energia na região do Cáspio . 251 Bruna Bosi Moreira Segurança alimentar russa: estratégia de autonomia para uma estrutura internacional de incertezas . 273 Thiago Lima e Atos Dias Resenha de: Stavridis, James . 2017 . Sea Power . The History and Geopolitics of the World’s Oceans . New York: Penguin Press . 295 Flávio Rocha Oliveira Seção 5 – O Contexto Geopolítico Sul-Americano A Institucionalização no Complexo Regional de Segurança Sul-Americano: uma comparação entre quatro períodos históricos . 303 Thales Leonardo de Carvalho e Andréa Luiza Fontes Resende de Souza América do Sul: infraestruturas em regiões periféricas e tendências atuais . 329 Aldomar Arnaldo Rückert e Camilo Pereira Carneiro Diretrizes para Autores . 363 APRESENTAÇÃO É com muito orgulho que a Revista Brasileira de Estudos de Defesa (RBED) entra em seu quinto ano de existência, mostrando, cada vez mais, o amadurecimento dos Estudos de Defesa no Brasil. O resultado que aqui se apresenta é fruto de avaliações atentas e detalhadas de nossos pareceristas, além, é claro, da qualidade dos trabalhos recebidos. O volume 5, número 1, 2018 da RBED, traz o Dossiê de Geopolítica, Defesa e Estratégia: o Resgate dos Estudos Geopolíticos na Contemporaneidade, organiza- do por Wanderley Messias da Costa, Oscar Medeiros Filho, Selma Lúcia de Moura Gonzales e Augusto W. M. Teixeira Júnior. Nesta edição, é importante destacar, as seções Ensaios e Resenhas estão distribuídas no Dossiê Temático, uma vez que os tópicos e obras ali tratados convergem com o dossiê. Em nome da Associação Brasileira de Estudos de Defesa e dos orga- nizadores, agradeço aos autores e autoras, pareceristas, conselheiros e conselheiras editoriais e auxiliares de edição que tornaram este número da Revista Brasileira de Estudos de Defesa possível. A qualidade dos traba- lhos aqui apresentados demonstra a importância de um esforço conjunto e combinado de todos. Convido leitoras e leitores a apreciar os artigos aqui apresentados e desejo uma boa leitura a todas e todos. Eduardo Munhoz Svartman Editor-Chefe da Revista Brasileira de Estudos de Defesa 9 EDITORIAL GEOPOLÍTICA, DEFESA E ESTRATÉGIA: O RESGATE DOS ESTUDOS GEOPOLÍTICOS NA CONTEMPORANEIDADE Vivemos tempos de incertezas em um mundo em constante transfor- mação. Tamanha velocidade de mudanças nos dá a sensação de que per- demos o fio da meada da história. Imersos nessa realidade, podemos dizer que as últimas décadas têm desenhado uma nova geopolítica, baseada na fluidez dos espaços. “A tecnologia é uma fábrica de contração do tempo e do espaço”, afirmava a Professora Bertha Becker. O desenvolvimento tecnoló- gico dos transportes e das comunicações criaram as infovias, encurtaram os espaços, tornando-os fluídos. E então, o mundo diminuiu. Mas esse mundo aparentemente diminuto e dominado por forças glo- balizantes, que parecem integrar o mundo em uma grande aldeia, carrega consigo forças de resistência, dos lugares e das nações. Nesse sentido, é interessante relembrar a observação de Henry Kissinger em meados da década de 1970: “O mundo diminuiu, mas as nações não se aproximaram”. Entre a percepção globalizante de Bertha Becker e a leitura da prevalência das lógicas nacionais de Kissinger, as primeiras décadas deste século são marcadas pelo que Robert Kaplan denomina de “vingança da geopolítica”. No cenário hodierno a geopolítica pragmática impõe-se de forma incon- tornável nas relações internacionais, com claros reflexos para a segurança, defesa e estratégia. A Geopolítica é um campo controverso do conhecimento. Ela surge no final do século XIX como uma simbiose entre estudos da Geografia, da História e da Política, sob uma abordagem notadamente organicista. Utilizando-se de um ferramental analítico das Ciências Naturais, ela inte- ressava-se, sobretudo, em desvendar as leis que regem
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