NOTES ABOUT OXBOROUGH, NORFOLK Where the Earliest

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

NOTES ABOUT OXBOROUGH, NORFOLK Where the Earliest NOTES ABOUT OXBOROUGH, NORFOLK Where the earliest known Bassetts of the Bassetts of Norfolk line lived in the 18 th Century . OXBOROUGH, also known as OXBURGH , is a parish and village, 3 miles N.E. of Stoke Ferry and 6½ miles S.W. of Swaffham Norfolk,England. In 1854 it comprised 293 inhabitants, 58 houses, and 2,317 acres of land, all the property of Sir H. R. P. Bedingfield , Bart., of Oxborough Hall. The hall is surrounded by a moat, and is one of the most perfect specimens of ancient castellated mansions in England. It dates from the latter part of the 15th century. The entrance is over a bridge (formerly a draw bridge) through an arched gateway, between two towers 80 feet high. The archway between the towers is supported by groins, and over it is a large room with windows to the north and south. The interior walls were covered with tapestry. Henry VII. is supposed to have satyed there when he visited Oxborough. Oxborough was a place of note in Roman times, and it is considered to be the Iceani of Antoninus, supposed to be at Ickburgh . In 1252 the manor was held by Ralph de Wygarnia, who had a patent for a weekly market on Tuesday, and a yearly fair. The fair was still held for horses and cattle on Easter Tuesday in 1854. Sir Henry Bedingfield of Oxborough Hall was made governor of the Tower of London during the reign of the Catholic Queen, Mary, and had the charge of her sister Elizabeth, who, on ascending the throne, dismissed him from court, saying "whenever she had a state prisoner who required to be hardly handled and strictly kept she would send for him." He was confined to the tower for nearly two years and died in 1655 when his estates were sequestered for his adherence to the cause of Charles I.. Ultimately they were restored to his successor, who was created a baronet in 1660. The C HURCH , dedicated to St. John the Evangelist, was a large Gothic edifice with a tower surmounted by a lofty octagonal spire 156 feet high. It was thought to have been founded about the reign of Edward I. .
Recommended publications
  • Council Tax Rates 2020 - 2021
    BRECKLAND COUNCIL NOTICE OF SETTING OF COUNCIL TAX Notice is hereby given that on the twenty seventh day of February 2020 Breckland Council, in accordance with Section 30 of the Local Government Finance Act 1992, approved and duly set for the financial year beginning 1st April 2020 and ending on 31st March 2021 the amounts as set out below as the amount of Council Tax for each category of dwelling in the parts of its area listed below. The amounts below for each parish will be the Council Tax payable for the forthcoming year. COUNCIL TAX RATES 2020 - 2021 A B C D E F G H A B C D E F G H NORFOLK COUNTY 944.34 1101.73 1259.12 1416.51 1731.29 2046.07 2360.85 2833.02 KENNINGHALL 1194.35 1393.40 1592.46 1791.52 2189.63 2587.75 2985.86 3583.04 NORFOLK POLICE & LEXHAM 1182.24 1379.28 1576.32 1773.36 2167.44 2561.52 2955.60 3546.72 175.38 204.61 233.84 263.07 321.53 379.99 438.45 526.14 CRIME COMMISSIONER BRECKLAND 62.52 72.94 83.36 93.78 114.62 135.46 156.30 187.56 LITCHAM 1214.50 1416.91 1619.33 1821.75 2226.58 2631.41 3036.25 3643.49 LONGHAM 1229.13 1433.99 1638.84 1843.70 2253.41 2663.12 3072.83 3687.40 ASHILL 1212.28 1414.33 1616.37 1818.42 2222.51 2626.61 3030.70 3636.84 LOPHAM NORTH 1192.57 1391.33 1590.09 1788.85 2186.37 2583.90 2981.42 3577.70 ATTLEBOROUGH 1284.23 1498.27 1712.31 1926.35 2354.42 2782.50 3210.58 3852.69 LOPHAM SOUTH 1197.11 1396.63 1596.15 1795.67 2194.71 2593.74 2992.78 3591.34 BANHAM 1204.41 1405.14 1605.87 1806.61 2208.08 2609.55 3011.01 3613.22 LYNFORD 1182.24 1379.28 1576.32 1773.36 2167.44 2561.52 2955.60 3546.72
    [Show full text]
  • Contents of Volume 14 Norwich Marriages 1813-37 (Are Distinguished by Letter Code, Given Below) Those from 1801-13 Have Also Been Transcribed and Have No Code
    Norfolk Family History Society Norfolk Marriages 1801-1837 The contents of Volume 14 Norwich Marriages 1813-37 (are distinguished by letter code, given below) those from 1801-13 have also been transcribed and have no code. ASt All Saints Hel St. Helen’s MyM St. Mary in the S&J St. Simon & St. And St. Andrew’s Jam St. James’ Marsh Jude Aug St. Augustine’s Jma St. John McC St. Michael Coslany Ste St. Stephen’s Ben St. Benedict’s Maddermarket McP St. Michael at Plea Swi St. Swithen’s JSe St. John Sepulchre McT St. Michael at Thorn Cle St. Clement’s Erh Earlham St. Mary’s Edm St. Edmund’s JTi St. John Timberhill Pau St. Paul’s Etn Eaton St. Andrew’s Eth St. Etheldreda’s Jul St. Julian’s PHu St. Peter Hungate GCo St. George Colegate Law St. Lawrence’s PMa St. Peter Mancroft Hei Heigham St. GTo St. George Mgt St. Margaret’s PpM St. Peter per Bartholomew Tombland MtO St. Martin at Oak Mountergate Lak Lakenham St. John Gil St. Giles’ MtP St. Martin at Palace PSo St. Peter Southgate the Baptist and All Grg St. Gregory’s MyC St. Mary Coslany Sav St. Saviour’s Saints The 25 Suffolk parishes Ashby Burgh Castle (Nfk 1974) Gisleham Kessingland Mutford Barnby Carlton Colville Gorleston (Nfk 1889) Kirkley Oulton Belton (Nfk 1974) Corton Gunton Knettishall Pakefield Blundeston Cove, North Herringfleet Lound Rushmere Bradwell (Nfk 1974) Fritton (Nfk 1974) Hopton (Nfk 1974) Lowestoft Somerleyton The Norfolk parishes 1 Acle 36 Barton Bendish St Andrew 71 Bodham 106 Burlingham St Edmond 141 Colney 2 Alburgh 37 Barton Bendish St Mary 72 Bodney 107 Burlingham
    [Show full text]
  • Parish Registers and Transcripts in the Norfolk Record Office
    Parish Registers and Transcripts in the Norfolk Record Office This list summarises the Norfolk Record Office’s (NRO’s) holdings of parish (Church of England) registers and of transcripts and other copies of them. Parish Registers The NRO holds registers of baptisms, marriages, burials and banns of marriage for most parishes in the Diocese of Norwich (including Suffolk parishes in and near Lowestoft in the deanery of Lothingland) and part of the Diocese of Ely in south-west Norfolk (parishes in the deanery of Fincham and Feltwell). Some Norfolk parish records remain in the churches, especially more recent registers, which may be still in use. In the extreme west of the county, records for parishes in the deanery of Wisbech Lynn Marshland are deposited in the Wisbech and Fenland Museum, whilst Welney parish records are at the Cambridgeshire Record Office. The covering dates of registers in the following list do not conceal any gaps of more than ten years; for the populous urban parishes (such as Great Yarmouth) smaller gaps are indicated. Whenever microfiche or microfilm copies are available they must be used in place of the original registers, some of which are unfit for production. A few parish registers have been digitally photographed and the images are available on computers in the NRO's searchroom. The digital images were produced as a result of partnership projects with other groups and organizations, so we are not able to supply copies of whole registers (either as hard copies or on CD or in any other digital format), although in most cases we have permission to provide printout copies of individual entries.
    [Show full text]
  • Norfolk Map Books
    Scoulton Wicklewood Hingham Wymondham Division Arrangements for Deopham Little Ellingham Attleborough Morley Hingham County District Final Recommendations Spooners Row Yare & Necton Parish Great Ellingham Besthorpe Rocklands Attleborough Attleborough Bunwell Shropham The Brecks West Depwade Carleton Rode Old Buckenham Snetterton Guiltcross Quidenham 00.375 0.75 1.5 Kilometers Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2016 © Crown copyright and database rights 2016 OSGD New Buckenham 100049926 2016 Tibenham Bylaugh Beetley Mileham Division Arrangements for Dereham North & Scarning Swanton Morley Hoe Elsing County District Longham Beeston with Bittering Launditch Final Recommendations Parish Gressenhall North Tuddenham Wendling Dereham Fransham Dereham North & Scarning Dereham South Scarning Mattishall Elmham & Mattishall Necton Yaxham Whinburgh & Westfield Bradenham Yare & Necton Shipdham Garvestone 00.425 0.85 1.7 Kilometers Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2016 © Crown copyright and database rights 2016 OSGD Holme Hale 100049926 2016 Cranworth Gressenhall Dereham North & Scarning Launditch Division Arrangements for Dereham South County District Final Recommendations Parish Dereham Scarning Dereham South Yaxham Elmham & Mattishall Shipdham Whinburgh & Westfield 00.125 0.25 0.5 Yare & Necton Kilometers Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2016 © Crown copyright and database rights 2016 OSGD 100049926 2016 Sculthorpe Fakenham Erpingham Kettlestone Fulmodeston Hindolveston Thurning Erpingham
    [Show full text]
  • Open Space Parish Schedule 2015 20
    1. Introduction 7 2. Ashill 8 3. Attleborough 10 4. Banham 19 5. Bawdeswell 20 6. Beachamwell 22 7. Beeston 24 8. Beetley 27 9. Besthorpe 32 10. Billingford 34 11. Bintree 38 12. Blo' Norton 41 13. Bradenham 43 14. Brettenham 46 15. Bridgham 48 16. Brisley 50 17. Bylaugh 53 18. Carbrooke 55 19. Caston 58 Open Space Parish Schedule 2015 20. Cockley Cley 60 21. Colkirk 62 22. Cranwich 65 23. Cranworth 67 24. Croxton 70 25. Didlington 72 26. Dereham 73 27. East Tuddenham 88 28. Elsing 90 29. Foulden 92 30. Foxley 94 31. Fransham 96 32. Garboldisham 98 33. Garvestone 101 34. Gateley 104 35. Gooderstone 106 36. Great Cressingham 108 37. Great Dunham 110 38. Great Ellingham 112 Open Space Parish Schedule 2015 39. Gressenhall 114 40. Griston 117 41. Guist 119 42. Hardingham 121 43. Harling 123 44. Hilborough 128 45. Hockering 131 46. Hockham 133 47. Hoe 135 48. Holme Hale 139 49. Horningtoft 143 50. Ickburgh 145 51. Kempstone 147 52. Kenninghall 148 53. Kilverstone 150 54. Lexham 152 55. Litcham 155 56. Little Cressingham 157 57. Little Dunham 159 Open Space Parish Schedule 2015 58. Little Ellingham 161 59. Longham 163 60. Lynford 166 61. Lyng 167 62. Mattishall 169 63. Merton 172 64. Mileham 174 65. Mundford 176 66. Narborough 178 67. Narford 180 68. Necton 182 69. New Buckenham 184 70. Newton 186 71. North Elmham 188 72. North Lopham 190 73. North Pickenham 192 74. North Tuddenham 194 75. Old Buckenham 197 76. Ovington 200 Open Space Parish Schedule 2015 77.
    [Show full text]
  • October 2019).Qxp 2010 Report and Accounts.Qxd 22/10/2019 13:21 Page 821
    Bulletin 142 (October 2019).qxp_2010 Report and Accounts.qxd 22/10/2019 13:21 Page 821 Monumental Brass Society OCTOBER 2019 BULLETIN 142 Bulletin 142 (October 2019).qxp_2010 Report and Accounts.qxd 22/10/2019 13:21 Page 822 Monumental Brass Society 822 The Bulletin is published three times a year, in February, June and October. Articles for inclusion Personalia in the next issue should be sent by 1st January 2020 to: It is with very deep regret that we report the death of Jerome Bertram, our senior Vice-President, Martin Stuchfield on Saturday, 19th October 2019 immediately prior Pentlow Hall, Cavendish, Suffolk CO10 7SP to going to press. A full tribute will be published Email: [email protected] in the 2020 Transactions. Contributions to ‘Notes on books, articles and the The Society also deeply regrets the passing of Brian internet’ should be sent by 1st December 2019 to: Kemp and David Parrott who had been members of Richard Busby the Society since 1983 and 1961 respectively. ‘Treetops’, Beech Hill, Hexham Northumberland NE46 3AG Email: [email protected] Useful Society contacts: General enquiries, membership and subscriptions: Penny Williams, Hon. Secretary 12 Henham Court, Mowbrays Road Collier Row, Romford, Essex RM5 3EN Email: [email protected] Conservation of brasses (including thefts etc.): Martin Stuchfield, Hon. Conservation Officer Pentlow Hall, Cavendish, Suffolk CO10 7SP Email: [email protected] Contributions for the Transactions: David Lepine, Hon. Editor 38 Priory Close, Dartford, Kent DA1 2JE Email: [email protected] Website: www.mbs-brasses.co.uk Martin Stuchfield Pentlow Hall, Cavendish, Suffolk CO10 7SP Email: [email protected] The death is also noted of John Masters Lewis Hon.
    [Show full text]
  • The Signpost
    The Signpost The Signpost Signpost - Issue 63 Village Contacts Editorial Team: Cockley Cley Editor: Jim Mullenger David Hotchkin [email protected] [email protected] 01760 722 849 Sub Editor & Invoicing: David Stancombe Foulden Next copy date: David Stancombe 14th of March 2021 [email protected] 01366 328 153 Website: fouldennorfolk.org/signpost/ Great Cressingham Hannah Scott For obvious reasons, this is [email protected] a heavily redacted and online 07900 265 493 / 01760 440439 only edition. (At the time of typing, it is possible that No. 64 Gooderstone and Didlington may have to go out in the same Kate Faro-Wood way). So, the saga of Anne [email protected] Murphy and Charles Grantly is 01366 328441 missing (they are on COVID holidays and may return soon). Fiona Gilbert So is any input from our MP [email protected] and Nautical Expressions. I know that the new Hilborough & Bodney lockdown has produced a fair Keith & Linda Thomas amount of gloom and that it SignpostTreasurer doesn’t just apply to me… I’m @btinternet.com (no spaces) hoping that the lengthening of 01760 756 455 days and the onset of Spring will cheer us up. Oxborough On P.7, you will find a link to David Hotchkin (The Editor) some Norfolk walks… I would Email: See above left. very strongly urge you not to 01366 328 442 wander too far from home - and if you get caught, don’t blame Little Cressingham & Threxton me or Signpost! Chris Cannon Ed. [email protected] 2 The Signpost CONTENTS Page Signpost contact details ..........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Norfolk Map Books
    Dersingham North Wootton Congham Castle Rising Division Freebridge Lynn Arrangements for Clenchwarton & King's Lynn South South Wootton Roydon County District Terrington St. Clement Final Recommendations King's Lynn North & Central Gaywood North & Central Parish Clenchwarton Grimston Marshland North Clenchwarton & King's Lynn South Gaywood South Bawsey Walpole Cross Keys Leziate Tilney All Saints North Runcton Walpole Middleton East Winch Nar & Wissey Valleys Terrington St. John Watlington & The Fens West Winch Wiggenhall St. Germans Tilney St. Lawrence Walpole Highway Pentney Wormegay 00.5 1 2 Watlington Tottenhill Kilometers Contains OS data © Crown copyright and database right 2016 © Crown copyright and database rights 2016 OSGD Wiggenhall St. Mary Magdalen 100049926 2016 Marshland St. James Wiggenhall St. Mary Magdalen Shouldham North Creake Heacham Stanhoe Sedgeford Docking South Creake Barwick North Coast Division Arrangements for Snettisham Fring Dersingham Syderstone Bagthorpe with Barmer Docking County Ingoldisthorpe Shernborne Bircham District Dunton Final Dersingham Recommendations Tattersett East Rudham Parish Anmer Houghton Sandringham Dersingham Fakenham & The Raynhams North Wootton Flitcham with Appleton West Rudham Harpley Helhoughton Hillington Marshland North Raynham Castle Rising Little Massingham Terrington St. Clement Freebridge Lynn Congham South Wootton Roydon Weasenham St. Peter Gaywood North & Central Grimston Great Massingham King's Lynn North & Central Weasenham All Saints Clenchwarton Tittleshall Clenchwarton
    [Show full text]
  • The 1891 Carbrooke Census
    1891 CARBROOKE CENSUS Entries in red are illegible/undeciperable INHABITED 142 MALES 252 UNINHABITED 10 FEMALES 282 TOTAL 152 TOTAL 534 * YEAR REFERENCE ADDRESSHOUSEHOLD 1 NAME SURNAME AGE M/FMARRITALRELATION TO HEAD OCCUPATION PLACE OF BIRTH OTHER NOTES * 73 1891RG12 1550 P.72-81 CASTON ROAD 1A GEORGE BEETS 30 M M HEAD LABOURER SCOULTON NORFOLK * 73 1891RG12 1550 P.72-81 CASTON ROAD 1A PHILAS BEETS 27 M M WIFE CARBROOKE NORFOLK * 74 1891RG12 1550 P.72-81 CASTON ROAD 1B FREDERICK OXBOROUGH 30 M M HEAD GARDENER ASHILL NORFOLK * 74 1891RG12 1550 P.72-81 CASTON ROAD 1B MARION M OXBOROUGH 41 F M WIFE DOMESTIC GIRL STOW BEDON NORFOLK * 74 1891RG12 1550 P.72-81 CASTON ROAD 1B ANN M OXBOROUGH 12 F DAU SCHOLAR CARBROOKE NORFOLK * 74 1891RG12 1550 P.72-81 CASTON ROAD 1B LAURA OXBOROUGH 10 F DAU SCHOLAR CARBROOKE NORFOLK * 74 1891RG12 1550 P.72-81 CASTON ROAD 1B FREDERICK OXBOROUGH 8 M SON ASHILL NORFOLK * 74 1891RG12 1550 P.72-81 CASTON ROAD 1B LALAN L OXBOROUGH 6 F DAU ASHILL NORFOLK * 74 1891RG12 1550 P.72-81 CASTON ROAD 1B VIOLET M OXBOROUGH 4 F DAU CARBROOKE NORFOLK * 75 1891RG12 1550 P.72-81CASTON ROAD, RED BARN FARM 1C HENRY EAGLING 76 M M HEAD FARMERLITTLE ELLINGHAM NORFOLK * 75 1891RG12 1550 P.72-81CASTON ROAD, RED BARN FARM 1C MARY ANN EAGLING 65 F M WIFE HINGHAM NORFOLK * 75 1891RG12 1550 P.72-81CASTON ROAD, RED BARN FARM 1C JAMES EAGLING 39 M S SON HORSEMAN HINGHAM NORFOLK * 75 1891RG12 1550 P.72-81CASTON ROAD, RED BARN FARM 1C JOHN EAGLING 32 M S SON AG LABOURER HINGHAM NORFOLK * 75 1891RG12 1550 P.72-81CASTON ROAD, RED BARN FARM 1C
    [Show full text]
  • Doc - Complete
    Date of list - 12th October 2017 BRECKLAND COUNCIL PLANNING COMMITTEE List of decisions made by Breckland Council under the agreed terms of delegation. _______________________________________________________________________________ DOC - COMPLETE 3DC/2017/0143/DOC Mr P & Dr K Lawton BANHAM Discharge of condition 5 on 5 Grammar School 3PL/2017/0458/F Yard Church Lane, Banham 3DC/2017/0107/DOC Mr Tom Corble BLO' NORTON Discharge of conditions 6&8 on Blo Norton Farm 3PN/2015/0043/UC Blo Norton 3DC/2017/0127/DOC New Buckenham Property DEREHAM Discharge of Conditions 3, 6, 7, Ltd The Bungalow 8, 9 and 10 of 56 Yaxham Road, 3PL/2017/0287/VAR Dereham 3DC/2017/0118/DOC Derek Hales Ltd. FOULDEN Conversion of barn to dwelling Barn Development and detached garage White Hart Street, 3PL/2016/0307/F Conditions(s) Foulden 4, 5 & 10 3DC/2017/0065/DOC Mellor Metals GREAT Discharge of condition 12 on ELLINGHAM 3PL/2016/0648/O Mellor Metals Attleborough Road 3DC/2017/0142/DOC Mrs Mary Kemp HARLING Discharge of Condition 6 on Hill House application no. Water Lane Harling 3PL/2017/0090/F 3DC/2017/0105/DOC Mr Steve Marsh MILEHAM Demolition of existing bungalow Red Roofs and erection of 2 new chalet The Street, Mileham bungalows with associated garages 3PL/2017/0430/F Conditions(s) 3, 6 & 8 PLAGDEL (ODB-Ocella One Click Agenda) 3DC/2017/0147/DOC Bedingfeld Arms OXBOROUGH Discharge of conditions 6A, B & The Bedingfeld Arms C on 3PL/2017/0683/F 3DC/2017/0145/DOC Chediston Homes QUIDENHAM Discharge of condition 9 on Land behind the new 3PL/2017/0106/F houses
    [Show full text]
  • Do You Have the Right to Buy Or the Right to Acquire Your Property?
    DO YOU HAVE THE RIGHT TO BUY OR THE RIGHT TO ACQUIRE YOUR PROPERTY? DEVELOPING HOMES AND CREATING OPPORTUNITIES FOR PEOPLE WITHIN WEST NORFOLK If you feel you are in a position to purchase your property: There are currently two schemes available: The Right to Buy and the Right to Acquire Please use the information in this booklet as a guide to determine whether you may be entitled to purchase your home and which scheme applies to your circumstances. THE RIGHT TO BUY You qualify if: • You were a tenant of the Borough Council of King’s Lynn and West Norfolk at the time of transfer to Freebridge on 3rd April 2006; • You have remained a tenant of Freebridge since transfer (You cannot leave and then return, you will lose your preserved right to buy) • You have no un-discharged bankruptcy, no arrangement with your creditors and no Possession Order (including suspended) and, • If your tenancy is joint you both have to agree to submit the application. • The tenancy has not been granted in connection with your employment • Your tenancy is secure/assured. Your property will qualify providing: • It is not suitable for the elderly, • It is not let to persons of pensionable age, • It is not in a group home and, • It is not due to be demolished following a demolition notice, • The landlord owns the freehold or has an interest sufficient to grant a lease. THE RIGHT TO ACQUIRE You qualify if: • You have been a tenant for 3 years within the public sector and are an assured tenant, • You have no un-discharged bankruptcy, no arrangement with your creditors and no Possession Order (Including suspended) and, • If your tenancy is joint you both have to agree to submit the application, • The tenancy has not been granted in connection with your employment, • Your tenancy is secure/assured • Your tenancy has not been demoted.
    [Show full text]
  • Evidence of Pilgrimage Bequests in the Wills of the Archdeaconry of Sudbury, 1439-1474
    Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture Volume 3 Issue 3 66-82 2012 Personal Piety or Priestly Persuasion: Evidence of Pilgrimage Bequests in the Wills of the Archdeaconry of Sudbury, 1439-1474 Matthew Champion MJC Associates Follow this and additional works at: https://digital.kenyon.edu/perejournal Part of the Ancient, Medieval, Renaissance and Baroque Art and Architecture Commons Recommended Citation Champion, Matthew. "Personal Piety or Priestly Persuasion: Evidence of Pilgrimage Bequests in the Wills of the Archdeaconry of Sudbury, 1439-1474." Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture 3, 3 (2012): 66-82. https://digital.kenyon.edu/perejournal/vol3/iss3/3 This Feature Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Art History at Digital Kenyon: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Exchange. It has been accepted for inclusion in Peregrinations: Journal of Medieval Art and Architecture by an authorized editor of Digital Kenyon: Research, Scholarship, and Creative Exchange. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Champion Personal Piety or Priestly Persuasion: Evidence of Pilgrimage Bequests in the Wills of the Archdeaconry of Sudbury, 1439-1474 By Matthew Champion, Heritage Consultant and Project Manager, MJC Associates Despite the complex contemporary arguments surrounding the legitimacy of pilgrimage as a concept, it is clear that during the later Middle Ages popular pilgrimage was an accepted and acceptable part of the lay religious experience. Whilst serving a number of personal functions, from the highly spiritual search for enlightenment to the provision of "holy day" entertainment, the physical and religious act of pilgrimage has become the subject of an entire discipline of study.
    [Show full text]