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Arxiv:1911.09125V2 [Astro-Ph.SR] 23 Jun 2020 Maccarone Et Al
Draft version June 25, 2020 Typeset using LATEX twocolumn style in AASTeX63 A Dynamical Survey of Stellar-Mass Black Holes in 50 Milky Way Globular Clusters Newlin C. Weatherford,1, 2 Sourav Chatterjee,3 Kyle Kremer,1, 2 Frederic A. Rasio,1, 2 1Department of Physics & Astronomy, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA 2Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration & Research in Astrophysics (CIERA), Northwestern University, Evanston, IL 60208, USA 3Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai 400005, India ABSTRACT Recent numerical simulations of globular clusters (GCs) have shown that stellar-mass black holes (BHs) play a fundamental role in driving cluster evolution and shaping their present-day structure. Rapidly mass-segregating to the center of GCs, BHs act as a dynamical energy source via repeated super-elastic scattering, delaying onset of core collapse and limiting mass segregation for visible stars. While recent discoveries of BH candidates in Galactic and extragalactic GCs have further piqued inter- est in BH-mediated cluster dynamics, numerical models show that even if significant BH populations remain in today's GCs, they are not typically in directly detectable configurations. We demonstrated in Weatherford et al.(2018) that an anti-correlation between a suitable measure of mass segregation (∆) in observable stellar populations and the number of retained BHs in GC models can be applied to indirectly probe BH populations in real GCs. Here, we estimate the number and total mass of BHs in 50 Milky Way GCs from the ACS Globular Cluster Survey. For each GC, ∆ is measured between observed main sequence populations and fed into correlations between ∆ and BH retention found in our CMC Cluster Catalog's models. -
Mining SDSS in Search of Multiple Populations in Globular Clusters
A&A 525, A114 (2011) Astronomy DOI: 10.1051/0004-6361/201015662 & c ESO 2010 Astrophysics Mining SDSS in search of multiple populations in globular clusters C. Lardo1, M. Bellazzini2, E. Pancino2, E. Carretta2, A. Bragaglia2, and E. Dalessandro1 1 Department of Astronomy, University of Bologna, via Ranzani 1, 40127 Bologna, Italy e-mail: [email protected] 2 INAF - Osservatorio Astronomico di Bologna, via Ranzani 1, 40127 Bologna, Italy Received 31 August 2010 / Accepted 6 October 2010 ABSTRACT Several recent studies have reported the detection of an anomalous color spread along the red giant branch (RGB) of some globular clusters (GC) that appears only when color indices including a near ultraviolet band (such as Johnson U or Strömgren u) are con- sidered. This anomalous spread in color indexes such as U − B or cy has been shown to correlate with variations in the abundances of light elements such as C, N, O, Na, etc., which, in turn, are generally believed to be associated with subsequent star formation episodes that occurred in the earliest few 108 yr of the cluster’s life. Here we use publicly available u, g, r Sloan Digital Sky Survey photometry to search for anomalous u − g spreads in the RGBs of nine Galactic GCs. In seven of them (M 2, M 3, M 5, M 13, M 15, M 92 and M 53), we find evidence of a statistically significant spread in the u − g color, not seen in g − r and not accounted for by observational effects. In the case of M 5, we demonstrate that the observed u − g color spread correlates with the observed abundances of Na, the redder stars being richer in Na than the bluer ones. -
SPIRIT Target Lists
JANUARY and FEBRUARY deep sky objects JANUARY FEBRUARY OBJECT RA (2000) DECL (2000) OBJECT RA (2000) DECL (2000) Category 1 (west of meridian) Category 1 (west of meridian) NGC 1532 04h 12m 04s -32° 52' 23" NGC 1792 05h 05m 14s -37° 58' 47" NGC 1566 04h 20m 00s -54° 56' 18" NGC 1532 04h 12m 04s -32° 52' 23" NGC 1546 04h 14m 37s -56° 03' 37" NGC 1672 04h 45m 43s -59° 14' 52" NGC 1313 03h 18m 16s -66° 29' 43" NGC 1313 03h 18m 15s -66° 29' 51" NGC 1365 03h 33m 37s -36° 08' 27" NGC 1566 04h 20m 01s -54° 56' 14" NGC 1097 02h 46m 19s -30° 16' 32" NGC 1546 04h 14m 37s -56° 03' 37" NGC 1232 03h 09m 45s -20° 34' 45" NGC 1433 03h 42m 01s -47° 13' 19" NGC 1068 02h 42m 40s -00° 00' 48" NGC 1792 05h 05m 14s -37° 58' 47" NGC 300 00h 54m 54s -37° 40' 57" NGC 2217 06h 21m 40s -27° 14' 03" Category 1 (east of meridian) Category 1 (east of meridian) NGC 1637 04h 41m 28s -02° 51' 28" NGC 2442 07h 36m 24s -69° 31' 50" NGC 1808 05h 07m 42s -37° 30' 48" NGC 2280 06h 44m 49s -27° 38' 20" NGC 1792 05h 05m 14s -37° 58' 47" NGC 2292 06h 47m 39s -26° 44' 47" NGC 1617 04h 31m 40s -54° 36' 07" NGC 2325 07h 02m 40s -28° 41' 52" NGC 1672 04h 45m 43s -59° 14' 52" NGC 3059 09h 50m 08s -73° 55' 17" NGC 1964 05h 33m 22s -21° 56' 43" NGC 2559 08h 17m 06s -27° 27' 25" NGC 2196 06h 12m 10s -21° 48' 22" NGC 2566 08h 18m 46s -25° 30' 02" NGC 2217 06h 21m 40s -27° 14' 03" NGC 2613 08h 33m 23s -22° 58' 22" NGC 2442 07h 36m 20s -69° 31' 29" Category 2 Category 2 M 42 05h 35m 17s -05° 23' 25" M 42 05h 35m 17s -05° 23' 25" NGC 2070 05h 38m 38s -69° 05' 39" NGC 2070 05h 38m 38s -69° -
Caldwell Catalogue - Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia
Caldwell catalogue - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Log in / create account Article Discussion Read Edit View history Caldwell catalogue From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Main page Contents The Caldwell Catalogue is an astronomical catalog of 109 bright star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies for observation by amateur astronomers. The list was compiled Featured content by Sir Patrick Caldwell-Moore, better known as Patrick Moore, as a complement to the Messier Catalogue. Current events The Messier Catalogue is used frequently by amateur astronomers as a list of interesting deep-sky objects for observations, but Moore noted that the list did not include Random article many of the sky's brightest deep-sky objects, including the Hyades, the Double Cluster (NGC 869 and NGC 884), and NGC 253. Moreover, Moore observed that the Donate to Wikipedia Messier Catalogue, which was compiled based on observations in the Northern Hemisphere, excluded bright deep-sky objects visible in the Southern Hemisphere such [1][2] Interaction as Omega Centauri, Centaurus A, the Jewel Box, and 47 Tucanae. He quickly compiled a list of 109 objects (to match the number of objects in the Messier [3] Help Catalogue) and published it in Sky & Telescope in December 1995. About Wikipedia Since its publication, the catalogue has grown in popularity and usage within the amateur astronomical community. Small compilation errors in the original 1995 version Community portal of the list have since been corrected. Unusually, Moore used one of his surnames to name the list, and the catalogue adopts "C" numbers to rename objects with more Recent changes common designations.[4] Contact Wikipedia As stated above, the list was compiled from objects already identified by professional astronomers and commonly observed by amateur astronomers. -
The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 45:259-334
.259W The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, 45:259-334, 1981 February 45. © 1981. The American Astronomical Society. All rights reserved. Printed in U.S.A. ... 198lApJS A CATALOG OF RADIAL VELOCITIES IN GALACTIC GLOBULAR CLUSTERS1 R. F. Webbink Department of Astronomy, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Received 1980 February 25; accepted 1980 July 9 ABSTRACT A catalog of all stellar and integrated radial velocities of galactic globular clusters published prior to 1980 is assembled here. Known systematic errors in the data are discussed, and data on 686 stars and 85 globular clusters are presented in the body of the catalog; an Appendix lists published radial velocities in 4 dwarf spheroidal satellites of the Galaxy. Weighted mean velocities for each of the 89 systems in the catalog and Appendix are calculated. Subject headings: clusters: globular— stars: catalogs I. INTRODUCTION data. No catalog of individual stellar and cluster veloci- Radial velocities of galactic globular clusters were ties exists as such. first obtained in the pioneering surveys by Slipher (1918, The present catalog is intended to fill the need for a 1919, 1922, 1924), at Lowell Observatory, and by San- comprehensive listing of all available globular cluster ford (1918, 1919a,6), at Mount Wilson, who together radial velocity data and to provide a systematic reassess- obtained velocities of 18 clusters. In the more than 60 ment of the cluster velocities on this basis. To the best of years since those studies, several other radial velocity the author’s knowledge, all data published prior to 1980 surveys have been published, of which the most exten- January 1 are included here. -
108 Afocal Procedure, 105 Age of Globular Clusters, 25, 28–29 O
Index Index Achromats, 70, 73, 79 Apochromats (APO), 70, Averted vision Adhafera, 44 73, 79 technique, 96, 98, Adobe Photoshop Aquarius, 43, 99 112 (software), 108 Aquila, 10, 36, 45, 65 Afocal procedure, 105 Arches cluster, 23 B1620-26, 37 Age Archinal, Brent, 63, 64, Barkhatova (Bar) of globular clusters, 89, 195 catalogue, 196 25, 28–29 Arcturus, 43 Barlow lens, 78–79, 110 of open clusters, Aricebo radio telescope, Barnard’s Galaxy, 49 15–16 33 Basel (Bas) catalogue, 196 of star complexes, 41 Aries, 45 Bayer classification of stellar associations, Arp 2, 51 system, 93 39, 41–42 Arp catalogue, 197 Be16, 63 of the universe, 28 Arp-Madore (AM)-1, 33 Beehive Cluster, 13, 60, Aldebaran, 43 Arp-Madore (AM)-2, 148 Alessi, 22, 61 48, 65 Bergeron 1, 22 Alessi catalogue, 196 Arp-Madore (AM) Bergeron, J., 22 Algenubi, 44 catalogue, 197 Berkeley 11, 124f, 125 Algieba, 44 Asterisms, 43–45, Berkeley 17, 15 Algol (Demon Star), 65, 94 Berkeley 19, 130 21 Astronomy (magazine), Berkeley 29, 18 Alnilam, 5–6 89 Berkeley 42, 171–173 Alnitak, 5–6 Astronomy Now Berkeley (Be) catalogue, Alpha Centauri, 25 (magazine), 89 196 Alpha Orionis, 93 Astrophotography, 94, Beta Pictoris, 42 Alpha Persei, 40 101, 102–103 Beta Piscium, 44 Altair, 44 Astroplanner (software), Betelgeuse, 93 Alterf, 44 90 Big Bang, 5, 29 Altitude-Azimuth Astro-Snap (software), Big Dipper, 19, 43 (Alt-Az) mount, 107 Binary millisecond 75–76 AstroStack (software), pulsars, 30 Andromeda Galaxy, 36, 108 Binary stars, 8, 52 39, 41, 48, 52, 61 AstroVideo (software), in globular clusters, ANR 1947 -
The Caldwell Catalogue+Photos
The Caldwell Catalogue was compiled in 1995 by Sir Patrick Moore. He has said he started it for fun because he had some spare time after finishing writing up his latest observations of Mars. He looked at some nebulae, including the ones Charles Messier had not listed in his catalogue. Messier was only interested in listing those objects which he thought could be confused for the comets, he also only listed objects viewable from where he observed from in the Northern hemisphere. Moore's catalogue extends into the Southern hemisphere. Having completed it in a few hours, he sent it off to the Sky & Telescope magazine thinking it would amuse them. They published it in December 1995. Since then, the list has grown in popularity and use throughout the amateur astronomy community. Obviously Moore couldn't use 'M' as a prefix for the objects, so seeing as his surname is actually Caldwell-Moore he used C, and thus also known as the Caldwell catalogue. http://www.12dstring.me.uk/caldwelllistform.php Caldwell NGC Type Distance Apparent Picture Number Number Magnitude C1 NGC 188 Open Cluster 4.8 kly +8.1 C2 NGC 40 Planetary Nebula 3.5 kly +11.4 C3 NGC 4236 Galaxy 7000 kly +9.7 C4 NGC 7023 Open Cluster 1.4 kly +7.0 C5 NGC 0 Galaxy 13000 kly +9.2 C6 NGC 6543 Planetary Nebula 3 kly +8.1 C7 NGC 2403 Galaxy 14000 kly +8.4 C8 NGC 559 Open Cluster 3.7 kly +9.5 C9 NGC 0 Nebula 2.8 kly +0.0 C10 NGC 663 Open Cluster 7.2 kly +7.1 C11 NGC 7635 Nebula 7.1 kly +11.0 C12 NGC 6946 Galaxy 18000 kly +8.9 C13 NGC 457 Open Cluster 9 kly +6.4 C14 NGC 869 Open Cluster -
The Pendulum Clock Lum Clock Around the Hand Section Is Situated Around Iota, Eta and Zeta Horologii
deep-sky delights Eridanus to its The Pendulum north, Reticulum Clock diagonally east- ward, and Hydrus by Magda Streicher to the south. The [email protected] constellation was originally named Horologium “Time and tide wait for no man” – a Oscillitorium to Image source: Starry Night Pro proverb whose truth can be in no doubt. honour Christian Everything revolves around time, which Huygens, the is why it isn’t at all strange to see a con- famous Dutch stellation called “Horologium, the clock” scientist, inventor in the starry sky. of the pendulum in 1657 and the discov- erer of Saturn’s rings. Horologium is one Going back somewhat in time, Frikkie de of Nicolas-Louis de Lacaille’s (1713-62) Bruyn (Cosmology Director) has drawn fourteen constellations which he created our attention to the following: By the during his stay at the Cape of Good Hope end of the nineteenth century scientists from 1750 to 1752. It was with this visit believed in a universal quantity called that he established the framework for as- time which all clocks would measure. tronomy in South Africa. In my mind’s However, Albert Einstein’s theory of eye I clearly see the gentleman Lacaille relativity had overthrown two pillars of carrying his pocket watch with some the nineteenth-century science: absolute pride, elegantly attached to his jacket by rest, as represented by the idea of an all means of a gold chain (my imagination pervading ether and absolute or univer- again!). Time possibly stood still for sal time. Every person has his or her him too, so that he was able to explore own personal time. -
Ngc Catalogue Ngc Catalogue
NGC CATALOGUE NGC CATALOGUE 1 NGC CATALOGUE Object # Common Name Type Constellation Magnitude RA Dec NGC 1 - Galaxy Pegasus 12.9 00:07:16 27:42:32 NGC 2 - Galaxy Pegasus 14.2 00:07:17 27:40:43 NGC 3 - Galaxy Pisces 13.3 00:07:17 08:18:05 NGC 4 - Galaxy Pisces 15.8 00:07:24 08:22:26 NGC 5 - Galaxy Andromeda 13.3 00:07:49 35:21:46 NGC 6 NGC 20 Galaxy Andromeda 13.1 00:09:33 33:18:32 NGC 7 - Galaxy Sculptor 13.9 00:08:21 -29:54:59 NGC 8 - Double Star Pegasus - 00:08:45 23:50:19 NGC 9 - Galaxy Pegasus 13.5 00:08:54 23:49:04 NGC 10 - Galaxy Sculptor 12.5 00:08:34 -33:51:28 NGC 11 - Galaxy Andromeda 13.7 00:08:42 37:26:53 NGC 12 - Galaxy Pisces 13.1 00:08:45 04:36:44 NGC 13 - Galaxy Andromeda 13.2 00:08:48 33:25:59 NGC 14 - Galaxy Pegasus 12.1 00:08:46 15:48:57 NGC 15 - Galaxy Pegasus 13.8 00:09:02 21:37:30 NGC 16 - Galaxy Pegasus 12.0 00:09:04 27:43:48 NGC 17 NGC 34 Galaxy Cetus 14.4 00:11:07 -12:06:28 NGC 18 - Double Star Pegasus - 00:09:23 27:43:56 NGC 19 - Galaxy Andromeda 13.3 00:10:41 32:58:58 NGC 20 See NGC 6 Galaxy Andromeda 13.1 00:09:33 33:18:32 NGC 21 NGC 29 Galaxy Andromeda 12.7 00:10:47 33:21:07 NGC 22 - Galaxy Pegasus 13.6 00:09:48 27:49:58 NGC 23 - Galaxy Pegasus 12.0 00:09:53 25:55:26 NGC 24 - Galaxy Sculptor 11.6 00:09:56 -24:57:52 NGC 25 - Galaxy Phoenix 13.0 00:09:59 -57:01:13 NGC 26 - Galaxy Pegasus 12.9 00:10:26 25:49:56 NGC 27 - Galaxy Andromeda 13.5 00:10:33 28:59:49 NGC 28 - Galaxy Phoenix 13.8 00:10:25 -56:59:20 NGC 29 See NGC 21 Galaxy Andromeda 12.7 00:10:47 33:21:07 NGC 30 - Double Star Pegasus - 00:10:51 21:58:39 -
Arxiv:1911.02835V1 [Astro-Ph.SR] 7 Nov 2019 Astronomy, Monash University, Melbourne, Clayton 3800, Australia
The Astronomy and Astrophysics Review manuscript No. (will be inserted by the editor) What is a Globular Cluster? An observational perspective Raffaele Gratton1 · Angela Bragaglia2 · Eugenio Carretta2 · Valentina D’Orazi1;3 · Sara Lucatello1 · Antonio Sollima2 Received: date / Accepted: date Abstract Globular clusters are large and dense agglomerate of stars. At variance with smaller clusters of stars, they exhibit signs of some chemical evolution. At least for this reason, they are intermediate between open clusters and massive objects such as nuclear clusters or compact galaxies. While some facts are well established, the increasing amount of observational data is revealing a complexity that has so far de- fied the attempts to interpret the whole data set in a simple scenario. We review this topic focusing on the main observational features of clusters in the Milky Way and its satellites. We find that most of the observational facts related to the chemical evo- lution in globular clusters are described as being primarily a function of the initial mass of the clusters, tuned by further dependence on the metallicity – that mainly affects specific aspects of the nucleosynthesis processes involved – and on the envi- ronment, that likely determines the possibility of independent chemical evolution of the fragments or satellites where the clusters form. We review the impact of multiple populations on different regions of the colour-magnitude diagram and underline the constraints related to the observed abundances of lithium, to the cluster dynamics, and to the frequency of binaries in stars of different chemical composition. We then re-consider the issues related to the mass budget and the relation between globular cluster and field stars. -
A MODEST Review
Varri et al. MEETING REPORT A MODEST review Anna Lisa Varri1*, Maxwell Xu Cai2, Francisca Concha-Ram´ırez2, Frantiˇsek Dinnbier3, Nora L¨utzgendorf4, V´aclav Pavl´ık5,6, Sara Rastello7, Antonio Sollima8, Long Wang9 and Alice Zocchi10,11 *Correspondence: [email protected] 1Institute for Astronomy, Abstract University of Edinburgh, Royal Observatory, Blackford Hill, EH9 We present an account of the state of the art in the fields explored by the 3HJ Edinburgh, United Kingdom research community invested in “Modeling and Observing DEnse STellar Full list of author information is systems” . For this purpose, we take as a basis the activities of the MODEST-17 available at the end of the article conference, which was held at Charles University, Prague, in September 2017. Reviewed topics include recent advances in fundamental stellar dynamics, numerical methods for the solution of the gravitational N-body problem, formation and evolution of young and old star clusters and galactic nuclei, their elusive stellar populations, planetary systems, and exotic compact objects, with timely attention to black holes of different classes of mass and their role as sources of gravitational waves. Such a breadth of topics reflects the growing role played by collisional stellar dynamics in numerous areas of modern astrophysics. Indeed, in the next decade many revolutionary instruments will enable the derivation of positions and velocities of individual stars in the Milky Way and its satellites, and will detect signals from a range of astrophysical sources in different portions of the electromagnetic and gravitational spectrum, with an unprecedented sensitivity. On the one hand, this wealth of data will allow us to address a number of long-standing open questions in star cluster studies; on the other hand, many unexpected properties of these systems will come to light, stimulating further progress of our understanding of their formation and evolution. -
The Bennett Catalogue
The Bennett Catalogue www.macastro.org.au Catalogue Numbers Type R.A. Dec. U2000 Con. Ben 1 NGC 55 Gal 0:14:54 -39:11 386 Scl Ben 2 NGC 104 GC 0:24:06 -72:05 440 Tuc Ben 3 NGC 247 Gal 0:47:06 -20:46 306 Cet Ben 4 NGC 253 Gal 0:47:36 -25:17 306 Scl Ben 5 NGC 288 GC 0:52:48 -26:35 307 Scl Ben 6 NGC 300 Gal 0:54:54 -37:41 351 Scl Ben 7 NGC 362 GC 1:03:12 -70:51 441 Tuc Ben 8 NGC 613 Gal 1:34:18 -29:25 352 Scl Ben 9 NGC 1068 Gal 2:42:42 -00:01 220 Cet Ben 10 NGC 1097 Gal 2:46:18 -30:17 354 For Ben 10a NGC 1232 Gal 3:09:48 -20:35 311 Eri Ben 11 NGC 1261 GC 3:12:18 -55:13 419 Hor Ben 12 NGC 1291 Gal 3:17:18 -41:08 390 Eri Ben 13 NGC 1313 Gal 3:18:18 -66:30 443 Ret Ben 14 NGC 1316 Gal 3:22:42 -37:12 355 For Ben 14a NGC 1350 Gal 3:31:06 -33:38 355 For Ben 15 NGC 1360 PN 3:33:18 -25:51 312 For Ben 16 NGC 1365 Gal 3:33:36 -36:08 355 For Ben 17 NGC 1380 Gal 3:36:30 -34:59 355 For Ben 18 NGC 1387 Gal 3:37:00 -35:31 355 For Ben 19 NGC 1399 Gal 3:38:30 -35:27 355 For Ben 19a NGC 1398 Gal 3:38:54 -26:20 312 For Ben 20 NGC 1404 Gal 3:38:54 -35:35 355 Eri Ben 21 NGC 1433 Gal 3:42:00 -47:13 391 Hor Ben 21a NGC 1512 Gal 4:03:54 -43:21 391 Hor Ben 22 NGC 1535 PN 4:14:12 -12:44 268 Eri Ben 23 NGC 1549 Gal 4:15:42 -55:36 420 Dor Ben 24 NGC 1553 Gal 4:16:12 -55:47 420 Dor Ben 25 NGC 1566 Gal 4:20:00 -54:56 420 Dor Ben 25a NGC 1617 Gal 4:31:42 -54:36 421 Dor Ben 26 NGC 1672 Gal 4:45:42 -59:15 421 Dor Ben 27 NGC 1763 BN 4:56:48 -66:24 444 Dor Ben 28 NGC 1783 GC 4:58:54 -66:00 444 Dor Ben 29 NGC 1792 Gal 5:05:12 -37:59 358 Col