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Hydrodynamic Modeling of the Bay of La Rochelle to Support the Control of Accidental Oil Spills

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Hydrodynamic Modeling of the Bay of La Rochelle to Support the Control of Accidental Oil Spills Hydrodynamic modeling of the Bay of La Rochelle to support the control of accidental oil spills Fernando de Oliveira Machado Dissertação para obtenção do Grau de Mestre em Engenharia do Ambiente Orientador: Professor Doutor Ramiro Joaquim de Jesus Neves Co-orientador: Engenheiro Rodrigo Manuel Antunes dos Santos Fernandes Júri Presidente: Professor Doutor Tiago Morais Delgado Domingos Orientador: Professor Doutor Ramiro Joaquim de Jesus Neves Vogais: Professora Doutora Maria João Correia Colunas Pereira Dezembro 2014 ABSTRACT We validate a hydrodynamic system of the Bay of La Rochelle, providing Historical observations and predictions of several atmospheric and water conditions, including hydrodynamic properties. We characterize the system application area, mainly his circulation patterns. Modeling system framework is explained, as well as main tools involved and developed are described. Different components of data acquisition are analyzed, and water modeling system applied – MOHID – is studied. The model was implemented by using Mohid Water modelling system. The report describes data used to implement the model and their preprocessing. The hydrodynamic model was implemented by using downscaling technique including nested domains. We make an analysis of modeling scheme configuration, and main options taken in that subject. Modeling results are compared with information obtained from automatic stations, monitoring campaigns, acoustic Doppler profilers (ADCP) and empirical data estimated from historical measurements made by tidal gauges. The hydrodynamic model will provide hydrodynamic forecasts which will be used to assess the best location of oil booms in the occurrence of oil spill. The model is used to predict the movement and dispersion of small patches of oil to support the use of containment barriers. Scenarios are simulated to study most typical consequences of spill occurring on local with more marine traffic. Key Words: MOHID, modeling, La Rochelle Bay, hydrodynamics, oil spill. 2 RESUMO Validamos um sistema hidrodinâmico da Baía de La Rochelle, proporcionando observações históricas e previsões de várias condições atmosféricas e aquáticas, incluindo propriedades hidrodinâmicas. Caracterizamos a área de aplicação do sistema, principalmente os padrões de circulação. Estrutura do sistema de modelagem é explicada, bem como ferramentas principais envolvidos e desenvolvidos são descritos. Diferentes componentes de aquisição de dados são analisados, e sistema de modelação de água aplicada - MOHID - é estudado. O modelo foi implementado usando o sistema de modelação MOHID Water. O relatório descreve os dados utilizados para implementar o modelo e seu pré-processamento. O modelo hidrodinâmico foi implementado utilizando downscaling técnica incluindo domínios aninhados. Fazemos uma análise da configuração do sistema de modelação e principais opções tomadas nesse assunto. Resultados da modelação operacionais são comparados com informações obtidas de estações automáticas, campanhas de monitoramento, perfiles acústico Doppler (ADCP) e dados empíricos estimativos a partir de medições históricas feitas por medidores de maré. O modelo hidrodinâmico irá fornecer previsões hidrodinâmicas que serão utilizadas para avaliar a melhor localização de barreiras na ocorrência de derramamento de hidrocarbonetos. O modelo é utilizado para prever o movimento e a dispersão de pequenas manchas de hidrocarbonetos para suportar a utilização de barreiras de contenção. Os cenários são simulados para estudar as consequências mais comuns de derrame que ocorre em local com mais tráfego marítimo. Palavras-Chave: MOHID, modelação, La Rochelle, hidrodinâmica, derrame de hidrocarbonetos. 3 ÍNDICE ABSTRACT ..................................................................................................................................... 2 RESUMO ........................................................................................................................................ 3 ÍNDICE .......................................................................................................................................... 4 FIGURES INDEX ............................................................................................................................. 7 TABLE INDEX ................................................................................................................................. 9 1. INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 10 1.1 Context ........................................................................................................................10 1.2 Objectives ....................................................................................................................10 1.3 Methodology ................................................................................................................10 2. STUDY AREA – LA ROCHELLE ............................................................................................... 12 2.1 Context ........................................................................................................................12 2.2 Geological and geomorphological setting .......................................................................13 2.2.1 Geomorphology of the Pertuis Breton .............................................................. 15 2.2.2 Geomorphology of the Pertuis of Antioch ......................................................... 15 2.2.3 Geomorphology of the Pertuis of Maumusson .................................................. 15 2.3 Hydrological context .....................................................................................................15 2.4 Meteorological context ..................................................................................................16 2.5 Atmospheric pressure ...................................................................................................17 2.6 Wind ...........................................................................................................................17 2.7 Hydrodynamic ..............................................................................................................19 2.7.1 Swell ............................................................................................................. 19 2.7.2 Tide ............................................................................................................... 19 2.7.3 Currents ........................................................................................................ 20 2.8 Anthropogenic impacts .................................................................................................24 3. MOHID MODEL .................................................................................................................... 27 3.1 Overview .....................................................................................................................27 3.2 Hydrodynamic ..............................................................................................................27 3.3 Transport .....................................................................................................................28 4 3.4 Boundary Conditions .....................................................................................................28 3.5 Lagrangean Tracers ......................................................................................................29 3.6 Oil spills .......................................................................................................................29 3.6.1 Density and viscosity ...................................................................................... 29 3.6.2 Spreading ...................................................................................................... 31 3.6.3 Evaporation ................................................................................................... 32 3.6.4 Emulsification ................................................................................................. 33 3.6.5 Dispersion / Movement of Entrained Oil ........................................................... 34 3.6.6 Dissolution ..................................................................................................... 36 3.6.7 Sedimentation ................................................................................................ 36 3.7 Mohid Studio ................................................................................................................37 4. MODEL IMPLEMENTATION .................................................................................................... 38 4.1 Model domains .............................................................................................................39 4.2 Vertical grid .................................................................................................................41 4.3 Time span and spin up run ...........................................................................................42 4.4 Tidal Forcing ................................................................................................................42 4.5 Open boundary conditions ............................................................................................43 4.6 Freshwater discharges ..................................................................................................44
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