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LL. D. . P . D . L . L o . , J , , ond n V \V J . P . a ARTHUR BON I LLE ERE , , Victori . S a T J a . H E H N . T H E O , H ON . YV YN N ROBERT AME ON N t l AGAR E. r Victo ia .

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t a N e w Bu s ine i n T o l s s s ce C o m m e nce m e nt o f S o ci e ty e xce e d s T W E N T Y - F I V E M I L L I O N S S T E R L I N G a Premium s moder te . C a m a mm a y a a nd l i s p id i edi tel on proof of de th title . Po icies kept in orc e out o su rrender va ue s o ong as there is s u tf i e ie nt to a y o ne quarter y premiu l f f l l p l m . The S is a o a i a nd ociet est ished through ut , on the eder pr ncip e , thus secures or its members the wide t y bl f l l f s sco pe fo r sound a nd m m re unerative invest ent .

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P UBL SH ED M O NT H LY . I t as as a t a t of respo n sib il i y , wel l s ro ng feeli ng o f pr ide th e contem pl a tio n o f h i s prospectiv e occu p a n cy of a I d i m u l t a n e o u l i n d n e M e l bo u r n e A d e la d e ( s s u e s s y Sy y . , i , thr o n e th a t sta nds a t th e a pex of an E m pire o f f i fty B r b a n e H o ba rt P e rt h a n d N e w Z e a l a n d , i s , , ) m n - ax m e n a nd m an d t “ ill io s of A ngl o S o n wo en , h ree Ori inal m m a a re in g contributions , notes , or other co unic tions , m a t a t vited m all . a a n ma a a a fro the St tes , on y tters of gener l Austr li n h u ndred il l io ns of l ess k indred n ion l i ies , wh o gl ory — w o litical a m m a n a concern hether p , liter ry , co erci l , i dustri l , or t z t . ” i n th eir su bj ec ci i e nsh ip s cientifi c— a s E A A ddres ed to The ditor , UNITED AUSTR LI , Th m t o r a a t a t a a E a . e e e i c c r c ter of is brill i n e n t , b quit ble Building , Sydney h h p g y

' m a m a t and a a . a a nd a are t a A ll com unications in reg rd to business t ers dvertise wh ich , i n few weeks se s o ce n s b eing r versed , m m w a a m a a ents (for ter s of hich see l st p ge of g zine) should and t t an d a con inen s crossed e ncircled , th t re q u ired cen a M a a R A A a , be ddressed to The Gener l n ger , UNITED AUST LI a n a to r to a tu rie s o f i on ee r in to il d n er iscov e , n v i E a . g d g d quit ble Building , Sydney p g n d G o a an d to x m a a t a A A a M . n a tclv te e l o re , ro uces i n t e i i n io n sen se UNITED AUSTR LI m ay be obt ined of essrs Gordo g , p p d h W R ’ S dney M e bourne Brisbane an d Perth ; o M r. . C igb m t f m y , l , f y of wo nd er at th e progressiv e do i n a io n o ind ov er

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a a L : M . and t m a a t throughout A ustr li ; ondon essrs Gordon Go ch , by o u r visitors wh o h a ve e njoyed so ny bri ll i n results L a ( i o n and a t B ritish Em ire R evie w udg te r s , the offices of the p , th e t f t and i o ur a . o f en erprise , e for i ngenu ty of r ce 1 12 a E . C . C nnon Street ,

r a a re m a te a nd m a t o t A nnual Subscribers to UNITED AUSTRALIA a e p rticul rly Th e d iversity of cl i cli i c c nd i io n s . m th e M a a in a n o n - quested to infor n ger c ses of receipt of their R a t a al ad t a through wh ich ou r oy l visi ors h v e re y r vel led , m m a s a a m a a in a onthly nu bers , lre dy ny f ilures post l delivery t m a a t r m an d e a to a t o , h ave occurred i n the severa l States . w il l y h v e p ss i n h eir gic l u u st deeply im press th em w ith th e wo nderful v a rie ty of the ’ Em pire s i ndu stri a l re sources : and i t i s to b e desired ’ T h e Du k e o f Yo rk s T o u r o f th e m ire . at a t it all m o wn ta E p th , i n l ooking fro th ei r ci del o f world ly ffi t e m a and d ta th e t su cien cy , h y y ob serve u n ers nd see h ing

m th e B i E m stru l e for e x istence w ic o er a tes ev er w ere am on T H E p a nor a ic v i ew of r tish pire , wh i ch i s gg h h p y h g a an d - as t i s m da b eing prese n ted i n su ch viv id col ou ring to its fu ture K i ng free sel f hel ping peopl e , su ch hey w ll o e y

h e a a n a . n t m t- t th e l be c a l led up o n to serv e i n t c p city of M o rch s a d Qu ee n , i n h eir co e l ike circui of w or d , sh o u l d

o an a a a s a s a a - t a a t t ta m t t pr d uce ed uc tio n l wel l pl e su re giv ing r esul A fu l l re l is io n of h i s i nev i b l e co pe i ion . ’ upo n its ce ntr a l figu res . wh ich oper ates th rough o u t a. gre at p ar t o f m ost m e n s — m t a d ffu t t he m t , bu t m th e R o a o t m are Th e r pid i s io n hroughou t os re o e l ive s , fro wh i ch y l visi t rs h e selves a s as th e m t t a t m t t h e B a a nd a a t x m a t m to wel l os cen r l se tl e en s of ritish h ppil y ppropri ely e e pt , sh ou l d en bl e he e — o f th e m t m a t m a a th e ad a ta m p o pl e senti en o f I peri l U n i y , si nce th e ore cl e rly re l ise v n ges of civ il freed o , a wa r h as h ad th e a m a a t an d m x a begin n ing of th e So uth A fr ic n , s e i n iding e ch u n i of so huge co pl e — effec t upon th e Em pi re a s th e a ct o f re h ooping upo n a n atio n al org a ni za ti on to ev ol ve fro m w ith i n h im sel f “ ” b ulgi ng h ogshe a d of fi n e w i ne for n o t only h as the U n io n th e be st re sul ts o f th e ta l ents wi th wh i ch h e h as been the a B t a m a a a a t t . t at a t J ck c q u ired i n h e rt of ev ery ritish su bjec n ew e n ru s ed We y h ope , lso , h ou r ugu s v i sitors and m t fi a a bu t th e a a to a a th e a a ore hrill i ng sign i c nce th n before , i nsti h v e been bl e pu t proper v lu e , i n C rlyl e n tu tio n R a ts to a a an d th e a a a t t t a o f oy l ty i el f is no w see n h v e h igher se nse , upo n g udy p ge n w i h wh ich hey h ve every

m Em t m and t o a t a a r ore u seful pu rpo se i n b i nd ing the pire togeth er w i h where bee n wel co ed , see be ne h t h e f di ng g

m a a a e t m . a the a o f fla and a th e a one do i n nt n t ion l s n i e nt l nds , gorgeous d ispl y g b n n er , g rish s c t te a t th e a t a s— a s th e m t th We l oo k to tho e who o nsti u th e centr l circl e ligh s , pl s er rche d o ore ho ugh tfu l of e i — of British sovere ign ty fo r a recogn t io n o f th is fa ct as o n e Ci t i ze ns of th e E m p ire a ge nu ine sentim e nt o f rev ere nce th e m o t m an t a fu n ctl o ns a n d n of s i port o f reg l ; they wi ll , a d s th e m m t o m re pect fo r l iv i ng sy bo l of govern en , fr

a m ao all at a a o no dou bt , re l ise th e need for keep ing the selves wh ich su bord in e regul ti ng fo rces r ad i te . I f ur

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L . . 190 1. LIA J ul 20, 0 UNITED A U STRA . y

t a a all ‘ a A c v n e er m h as to pa ssing a F ctor ies , wh i ch sh l l ppl y to A u s d a v tru th bene a th th e e of sy bol ic sh ow , h e wa a a a and tralia . I n th is , t h ose wh o f v our th t cl ss of l egis cert a inly c a ugh t th e re a l spir it o f our rej oicings . y t t l a tio n wh ich su rrou nds the proprietor of a fa c ory w i h gr a sped th e cent r a l tru th of Em pire . a a - and fi a res rict ions a nd en a l ties as if h e wer e sl v e river , A nd to t i un from th e bro a der an d deepe r sign i c nce t p , d as t a a i s t e em l o ees th em se l ve s , if e were b o of el l ess of th e R oy al v isi t t o th e q uestion of person l ity . it h p y h y dy h p g a a c i l ren m a be a ble to t est t e a gre te o i nio n of t e surel y a su bject for congra tul a tio n an d I m per i l rejo icing h d , y h g p h

a t a z h as dis tinc a a . th every o bserv n t citi en , w h o enj oyed the peopl e of A u str l i tio n o f even a assin erson a l reco ni tion from h is R o al h as th e R e re p g p g y M r . H iggins no w i nd uced H ou se of p

h as a m m a i ts x t H igh ness, been i nst ntly i pressed with h is nhood , s e n ta tive s to resolv e th a t i n opi n ion . i t i s e ped ien n d r a . a a t th e is tu a s . a h a a . m bsol ute n r l ne s h is keenness of o bse v t ion for th e P a rl i am ent of th e Com o nwe l th t o ccep , if m a all t a h is whol eso eness of outl ook in reg rd to h t is St a te P a rl i a m ents see fi t to gr a nt it . ful l power s

a ssin before h im ; an d t a t a ll w o a ve bee n brou t a a a to th e a and and p g h h h gh to m ake l a ws for A u str l i s w ges , h ours , ” f a ce to fa ce w it i s erso n al it a ve bee n struc w it h th e at a am h h p y h k cond itions of l a bo ur . Whether S t e P rl i e nts wil l

” “ ’ h is a bsol u te free om fro m t e so rt of cl as s v iew of m en “ a nd a t d h see fi t t o gr a nt su ch ful l powers , i n do ing so , p r a nd a m m a a m x a a — titu th ings th t ight see in sep r bl e fro so e l ted with th a t wh ich th ey n ow possess for t h a t is a co ns “ ” osition a nd so se a r a te a soci a l sta tus as t a t wh ic h e m — a p , p h h ti o n al conse q u e nce of so gr a nti ng th e is noth er q u es m t e to o m “ a . us nece ss ril y occupy I t i s, i nde d , ne ither u ch a t law a a and tion . T h e st e of th e i n reg rd to w ges , hours , ' to t s a a R a ” nor o l it l e t o y th t H is oy l H igh ness s wh ol e con co ndit io ns of l a bour i n e ach of th e S tates m a y be ta ken t r a a nd t h as d uct hroughou t h is b il l i n t bewi ldering ou r to r eflect th e opi ni o n of th eir sev er a l peopl es ; and it w i ll st am e h im as a m an of t e worl w o ee s is e es a n d a am t p d h d , h k p h y h a ve to be rem em bered t h a t if th e St a te P rl i en o f a a nd m m ; m h is e rs open , h is ind in whol eso e work i ng order Vi ctor i a on ce surrenders its righ ts to the P arl i a en t of the t a t a c m as a a so h whenev er it sh l l o e to p s th t h e i s c l led m m a m a a a fi t a m C o o nwe l th , it y h v e to b e s tis ed w i h u ch fi ll t th e B Em upo n to the highest posi io n i n ritish pire . h e less rest rictive superv i sion th a n ex i sts a t th e presen t tim e i t to a n fi n wil l , w hou t resort y ction of sovereig ty , be fou nd t a for th e we igh t of pu bl ic opin ion i n N ew So u h W les . s a a m a to pos ess fu l l sh re of th e si pl e gre tne ss of h is rev ered a a nd t a a— in a t all o t Q ueensl nd , S ou h A ustr l i f c , i n the h er a m t a s as a gr nd o her , wel l to h v e i nherited the world ly a bu t to r a —m a an d a to St tes V ic i y, pro b bl y wil l , refu se m s e m w isd o of h is deservedly e t e ed sire . m f a e s a t and put the ir a nu cturi ng i n ter st i n l e ding s rings , a a are a m a th e a T h e A ustr l i n peopl e f il i r w ith h ck t a t m a nd to m so cu r i l h e ir freedo t o dev el op , co pete with n e y e R a fi nd d ob ection s to t e in stit utio n o f o lt , w ic h e j h y y h h th e s am e industrie s i n oth er p a rts of t world . x a m a - m an d h a e pressio n ong h lf infor ed people , ve the ir I t m ay be l a i d do wn as a n econ om ic a x io m th at ev ery a a t a ar an d a or igi n in p r i l st udy of e ly h istory , corre s restr ictio n an d ev ery l im ita tio n a ppl ied i n i nd ustry m e a ns po nding di sreg ard for the a l tered cond itio ns of m odern a redu ced productiv e power a nd th ough th e rigid regu l a~ tim es a nd circum st a n ces ; but incre a sed knowl edge a nd a t ion s a nd the l egisl a t ive a ttem pts t o secure a n a rti fi ci a l r m a a a a adva n w ider su v ey of h u n ff irs sh ow th t wh ere the “ ” wage i n V ictori a m a y be nefit th e fi ttest workm e n and ta ges of a crow ned he ad to t h e body pol itic can be co m - m a m m t work wo en , they wil l inev it bl y l esse n th e e pl oy en bine d a a nd with proper recogn itio n of the r ights powers “ n d a m a a of th e l ess fi t . a , w t is eve n ore serio u s , n ic m m h h d p of t h e peopl e , th e i nstitut io n beco es o ne of their ost the who le of th e i ndustry t o wh ich they a re a ppl ied . T he

a a a . a ul v l u b l e bu lw rks These l tter co nd itions wer e f ly V o t \ a a th e m t pe pl e of N ew Sou h l es wh o h v e bee n , for os a a an d a re a y a z recogn ised by H er l te M j esty , cle rl re l i ed a th e a m m are p r t , sch ool ed i n pri nc ipl e s of free co er ce , o ur g an d a a as i n presen t K i n ; we h ve , h pp ily . ev ery su r a l iv e to th ese econo m ic tru ism s ; and th e V ic to ri a n work a nce th a t o ur R oy a l v isito r wil l c a refu l ly foll ow their a a t a t a re ing cl sses , wh o h ve been s r ngely tu ored to r eg rd x a m e pl e . a ll as t al m str ictio ns of ki nds condu civ e to i ndu s ri freedo , m a y fi nd th a t i nste ad of b ringing th e o th er colo n ies i nto m a to a li ne with th e selve s , they w il l h ve f l l i nto l ine with r Fa cto rie s e is la tio n Fe d e a l L g . i and m m x th e oth er co lon es , be co e once ore e po sed to th ose

m to a - wholeso e , b ut ( th e inv l id)trying tests o f self h el p

h a d a a a x a nd a at a re th e t We o cc sio n i n our l st issue to t ke e ceptio n to i nd iv idu l or col lectiv e i ni ti iv e , whi ch bes

m - h m a G a a a a a a a . O n the a tt itude of t e Co o nwe l th A ttorn ey e ner l (M r . gu r ntees for a stu rdy n tion l ch r cter th e o ther a a a r a a a th e a De kin), i n j o i nt ende vou . with noth er V ictori n h nd , i t w il l be i nteresting to observe cti on of th e ta to a m a a a a am represen tive , dev ise sch e e for h nd ic pping the N ew So u th W l es P rl i en t whe n the q u est io n i s — m a n u f a cturing i ndustr ie s o f ce rt a i n St a tes not com pre brought u nder its n oti ce . I t is e x ceed i ngly doubtful

h e ns ive l a nd a a a a a nd d i f a a m a a r y , in feder l sense , bu t in speci l wheth er p rt fro th is p rticu l r su bj ect , conce n ing — fe re n tial m a n ner by a pplyi ng to them the v a r iou s re stric w h ich th e di sposition o f the other S ta tes wil l be fi rst

a a a . an a a u tive condi tio ns , u nder its F ctories A ct , wh ich lre dy tested there wil l be y gre t re d iness t o s rrender fur a o a a nd a ad m t a m a a a n ate a nd o bt i n i n V ict ri , h v e i ted ly pl ced the nu ther l egisl tive po wers for y pu rpose wh v er ; the f a ctor ies o f th a t S ta te a t an a pprec i a bl e d isa dv a nt age i n dou bt is grea ter i n rega rd to th e p a rticul a r proposa l to

m t at a Bu t of co peti io n w ith th ose oth er St es th us sought to b e . wh ich we h v e referred . th ere is a nother a spe ct

a i i m I t at h a ndic pped . th s qu estion wh ch see s to be overl ooked . is no t \Ve a a m at h ad a ll at a n ta ar am t h v e h e rd n o ore of th de sign , wh ich we l ikely th y of the S te P l i en s w il l decid e a a a e as ar r a m t no hesi t tion i n ch r ct rising co ntr y to the whol e to su re nder the ir power , u nless th ey h ve so e sor of an d a m a u a a t m m a a am spirit of Un ion , singu l rly u nb eco ing i n on e who se ss r nce th the Co o nwe lth P rl i e nt is desirou s

' a a a t a . fa r o n l o ne a speci l prov ince it is to gu rd the co nsti tu ion l u n ity of of c q u iri ng th e new po wer So , y br nch of the l I t w as a a m L a r R a l a . a the S t tes fr nkly d i tted by M r . D e kin egisl t u e (the H ou se of epresent a tives) h as resol ved “ th a t the Feder a l Con stitu tio n d oes n o t co nt a in in its cate th a t it is e x ped ien t for th e Federa l P a rl i a m ent to a ccep t ” o f a a m a rs l go ry p rl i ent ry powe th a t of legisl ating for th e fu l powers . I t w il l b e necessary for th e S en a te a l so to a a as it a a regul tio n of f ct orie s ; but is l w ys open to th e ; a nd a t th e so resolv e wh en t h t is d one , the progress of h is . a a n r i a to th e fi a m St tes to surrender y o f th ei leg sl tiv e p owers rst tte pt to i ndu ce th e St a te P a rl i am e nts to a dd to th e m m a h . as a m C o o nwe lt h . M r H iggi ns now se t b out the ore at m m a legisl iv e fu nctio ns o f th e Co o nwe l th P a rl i am ent , m m legi ti a te a tte p t to indu ce th e Sta tes as a wh ole to h a nd a nd a red uce th ose of th eir own in correspo n d ing degree , at to th e ra a a m t a over th fu nctio n F ede l P rl i en , w ith view t t t t a wil l be ful l of in erest to ev ery cons i u ion l student . J ' ul y tho N IA . 3 I . U ITED AUSTRAL

fi ,

' Signet Ih ticlcs .

o o v n “ I la i ll ) m o v o ' ‘ l o o u -n u m l is u o f t h v lu ui ns f L “ r m ls l l l l l l l l lt l to a ffo rd a n pe ni ng f r l bw fu ll at | l l rm xp n m u u i vwwu - ' “ m l lfl ll fi a n a nd c v k l l l t l 1 m s u e c t s o f e ne ra s a ia n c o n c e s e ws a nd l i uil i iumn nu t v n m vvs su l ilv l of y . bj g l Au tr l rn . uch vi l li i g ‘ t u c of t he p o licy i t he Mn gu zin i ts e lf .

' a i a ia R l w y C o n ne cting Ea ste r n a nd W e s te rn A u s t ra l .

T h e s T ra ns co nt i ne nta l Ra ilwa y fro m Ka lgo o rlie to Po rt A ugu ta .

Bv T l l li R m n r r n m c fi ne O N F O R R EST M P . l lo x o m J H ,

t a cco m a a this o hliga t io u s a a T he pol i ic l Fed er a tio n of A ust ra l i a h a s been a defend Austr li , . nece sit tes th t

t m t, be a a a m K a a . lish e d a nd e here us r ilw y fro lgoorlie to Port August p . th first A ustr a l i a n P a rli a m en t is c a r ry ing o n (C h e e rs ) All the princip a l public m e n in A li s t ru lia h a ve st a ted i ts l egisl a ti ve work a t the prese n t tim e in P a rl i a m en t t a a a a a b e a nd m a a h t such r ilw y is indispens l . ny h ve pled ged

H ouse . M e l bou rne . the mselves to vote for it on the very first possible occ a sion . T hi s gre at. ch a nge ha s co m e a bou t wi th ou t a ny d is (Appl a use ) I a m not prep a red to s ay on wh a t cond itions th a t to a t a a m a e tu rba n ce wha tcvcr a nd x th e work is be c rried out , but h t is not tt r to be con . so q u ie tly . e cep t for splend id t he side re d a t. m m . a m a w t R a a t this o ent But I consider th t in very first de onstr tion s in co n nectio n i h the oy l visi t . th f e t h a a a m “ e s te rn s ssion o e Feder l P rli ent , whoever represents difii f cult a s r ’ it is s et to re a l ise t h a t it h a occu red . y a a a a a m m m a d a s ha ll a Austr li in th t P rli ent , ust de n th t it de l I t m a a u a a is rvel lou s th a t t h e ed e r tion o f A s tr l i w a e W a a wa F ith t his i m porta nt question . (Appl us ) hen th t r il y a a m a nd th e a as w a m a — s should h ve been cco pl ished so q u ickly ; re so n is built , it ill be built very shortly , I cert in (cheer ) ? — m a w as t he m ust be so ught i n th e fac t th a t th e wh ol e wha t wil l Fre ntle then be it not be kno n a a a a s Sa n a Golden G te of the western side of Austr li , j ust Fr n people O f e a ch St ate h ad the oppo r tu nity of as a " cisco is known the Gold en G te of the western side of the “ “ a a s a yi ng Y E S or N o to the Fed er l con tr ct by ? United Sta tes of A m eric a When we think of the gre at

m wa s . m . h e the referend u Th e resu l t o f t referend u a a — w m a a m w ch nge th t is likely soon to occur ith the il ste ers m ta e as . a s as a a t m a w a a a P no dou bt . influenced by sen ti e n l id el l c lling Fre ntle , ith r ilw y running through erth , l fi l a ll a wa s th e a nd through the go d e ds to p a rts o Austra li . with thou a m bitious d esires : bu t u nderlying these . there f a a m a nd o ldfi e lds s nds a nnu lly visiting Fre ntle , Perth , a the g , convi ctio n th a t gre a ter co m m erci a l prosperi ty would be who a no w a a ne w never h ve the opportunity of seeing us , wh t a e s eci a tt a ina ble with th e w ole of A u stra l i a to c ter for . p h a a nd a ne w a a re S a vision rises . wh t venues een for tr de , for f m m a a ii a as a a . ? ll y . by re o n bly protect ive t rif t h e H o e rket m m a n d in/ m co erce , for enterprise the develop ent of the colony cou ld be preserved for th e A u stra l i a n prod ucer a nd m a nu (Appl ause )

a m h e r I a a m a r . a a fa ctu er V ictori w nted ore free ou tl et s for pro l so s id i n th e s e speech . i n reg rd to d efence

“ a nd to re - a h e r T t he a a du ce a nd m a nu fa ctures . wished est bl ish hen there is provision th t the colony sh l l be m m a N e w wa s a m defended . So e people y think very little of this provision , prestige . So ut h ti red of d it ting th e but I look upon it as o ne of t he m ost va lua ble cl auses in the produ ctio ns a nd m a n ufa ctures of h er neig h bo urs free . w whole Bill . (Appla use ) There is no hu mm ing a nd h a ing a m a m wa s x . ‘ whil e th e s e tre t en t not e tended to h er ‘ a . a ( o m m o nwe a lt h a t bout it The Bill s ys . The sh l l pro ect every a ’ uee nsl a n w a nte a m o no ol for he r su r t rou h out a Q d d p y g h g State a g a inst inv a sion . Th at mea ns th a t i n t i m es of d nger

a a a nd a o . a nd ffi m . e a nd m a n A ustr l i . l so free outlets for h er st c k South A u s di culty fro without ev ry soldier every

a a a . (C s m a t a nd . throughout Austr li wi st nd shoulder to shoulder heer ) tra lia w a nted a free rke t for he r flo ur , fru i wine ll m in m a a wa r w d So e people think , ti es of pe ce , th t il l never T as m a ni a w a n ted a free m arket for he r fru it a n soil co m e we a s u ch a s t . but when re d of occurrences the errible fclt s prod ucts and . besides , hersel f to o cl o e to the A u s , a a a a C a tr gedy th t we only he rd of yesterd y in hin , surely it a a nd t tra lia n co ntine nt . to h old loof con i n ue on h er own will m ake everyone think th a t to sit down in a st ate of fa ncied h ad a t a a a i n a a a , securi y is not policy th t ought to be dopted the nine a ccou nt . A ustr l i l one noth ing w h te ver a a a b t e cnth century . Th t terrible tr gedy ought to m a ke us do a . a nd a. a a _ m a ter i a l/y to g in , ri sk of losing gre t d e l y a ll we ca n ac i n a a to pl e ourselves the position th t , if , unh pp ily , joini ng th e Feder a tion ; u nl ess . i ndeed . the free o utle t for

fi a we a . d dif culties should rise , sh l l be unite throughout Aus as a her m a ni fi cent ti m ber m a be t a en i n to a ccou nt ” g y k lia n t ra a d a a nd a a m a . . re dy ble to defend our l nd fro inv sion gai n . (Appl a use )

\Vcs te rn a a a . \Yb d id A ustr l i joi n Fed er tio n wil l o f O f m t h e Ea a y co urse . it would be i po ssi ble for stern p rt ? a nd a w : B a course . be as e t e ns e r is ec use er eo l e k d h h p p of A u stra l i a to pe i f o r m i ts o bl iga tions u nd er the co nst i a n a a a wished t o t a ke part in bu i ld ing u p A ustr l i n n t io n . a nd e a a a a . a tutie n pro t ct Western A u str l i g i nst i nv sio n , be m and beca u se th ey wi shed to ore cl osel y con nected m a m m a a a a nd wit h ou t the e ns of co un ic tio n by r il w y , , i n a a w as m m W i t h th e rest of A u str l i , wh ich th e h o e o f ore a a ll a a a m m f ct . for pr ctic l pu rposes , i ncl ud i ng tr de , co erce

- m a rea s m i s a m . tha n one h lf of the There were ny for a nd a a m m a defe nce i ntercourse . witho u t r il w y co u n ic tio n a t he A ustr a l i a joining t he Fed er tion . bu t , u nl ike tern \Veste ru A ustr a l i a m igh t ju st as wel l be a n isl a nd i n the y w a t co m other St ates . the ere no t re sons con nected wi h a I nd i a n O ce n as a port io n of t h e A u s tra l i a n con tinent . h a d a nd m erci ai benefi ts to be de rived from t e s l e of pro uce . a s h as a a re a a a I f i t been s id , th ere th o us nd re sons for

a m . ed a a m a nufa ctures . T he rgu e nt us by the d voc tes of Z a a t a a Ne w e l nd no t j oin ing in h is Feder t io n . by re so n o f h a d m ed a A ustr a l i a . which ost we igh t F er t ion for th ere bei ng a th ou sa nd m il es of s e a d iv idi ng h er from a o r the a a was the cert a i nty of t h e e rly co nnec ti on r il w y a a th e a m a d a A u str l i , s e re son ing ho lds go o i n reg rd to a nd a a s vs te m s S out h A u st r li by the construe a of A ustr l i a wi tho ut th is ra il wa y . a a tio n of a r a il wa from K a l o orl ie to Port A u ust . is y g g d I n a W voti ng for Feder tion , the people o f estern

m . ta nce of over 1000 iles A ustr a l i a bel ieved th a t it wo uld resu l t i m m ed i a te ly i n the I n m ad ress recom m en in t e eo le o f y d d g h p p E a a n d \ n a a a nd st Vest bei g co n nected by r il w y , th ey 90 a a 18 th J 1 8 . a a jo i n Fede r t ion on uly . I l id A ustr li to E a and were fortifi ed i n t h eir hope by t h e stern P ress , by a a . I a pa rticul a r stress on th t ph se of th e q uestion s id a m a m m E a m a as a th e st te ent of t h e l e ders o f t h e ove e nt in st ern It must be rem e bered therefore , th t under Feder \Y t h e w al a and a a . tion th e re is the obligation upon hole of Austr i to estern A ustr l i U T A LIA J l 20 l 90l . D A S . UNIT E R u y ,

W s v 2 1 v We s connection in fluenced the people of the est to ri k the threat As we all know , th e ote was t o in fa our of ened perils of that pol itical union of the continent whi ch m m . tern Austral i a jo in ing th e C o onwealth ” their vote at th e referen dum did m uch to complete . I t is just as well th at it sh oul d b e known th at th e Two parties of engineers are now enga g e d exam ining prospect of Western Au strali a b eing connec te d w ith th e o f S an d t h e coun try : o n e on b eh al f outh , th e oth er on was rest of Austral i a by railway, constantly referre d t o l h as rn . be h al f of We ste , Austral i a A ready a report b een as th e outcom e of h er jo ining t h e Fe d erat ion . i s i m . rece ived fro Mr Mu r , th e Western Au tral i an eng K Mr . ingston , th e Pre m ier of S ou th Austral ia, in a 45 0 m S neer , t h at th e i l es wi th in th at tate w il l run th rough t o 1 9 1 899 l etter m e , d ate d th April , , wrote as follows m o v : o d “ a st l e el coun try , w e ll grasse d g o d lan nearly th e Our near constitutional connection resulting from Fede il d e . v ration is in itself a boon of great worth to all include d within wh ol way Water is ery scarce , t h ough it w l , no oub t , m l l b k . o its sphere . I cannot help thinking a so that it must , at no b e o tain e d by d eep sin ing Fr know e dge gaine d , E an d ve y di ta t date , e t i the e ti a t We t y m d 1 8 70 r s n r sul n conn c on of s s b wh en I trave ll e d fro Pert h t o Adel ai e i n , th ere rail through the medium , say , of a line between Port fi o a re no engineering d if cul ties wh atever t o c pe with ,

a o ldfi e lds . August and your g This woul d , indeed , be an and th e water di fli cul ty will b e eas ily o vercom e . Australian work worthy of undert aking by a Federal authority a m t t n I h ave now d e l t wi th th i s i por an quest ion up on behalf of the n ation , in pursua ce of the authorities con i al r l m t aine d a . t th e t m e f t h e m eeti f th e ede i e t , d in the Commonwe lth Bill It is , of course , a work of o o ng o F r Pa a n an l t W a l Specia interes to estern Austral ia an d South Australi , and h ave sh own th e view t aken o f i t by t h e ead ers of t h e i I devoutly hope th at the day is not far d stant when the m v m v o d F e d eral o e en t , an d h ow t h ose iews were un d erst o i W i representat ves of estern Australia and South Austral a may , an d interprete d by th e peopl e o f Western Austral i a . n i their places in a Federal P arliament , be found working side m e to by side for the advancement of Australian interests in thi s and I t will now b e necessary for d eal wi th t h e pro — c to . I &c . . . K G et itse f d sh th t th e is ti e , d other matters of nation al concern have , , C C IN j l , an ow a work prac cabl an 1 3 sr o x . 94 99. th at it woul d no t b e a burd en upon th e general tax payer

i W l . The R ight Honourable the Prem er , estern Austra i a m o f th e C om m onweal th of any agn itu d e in any case , w h ile m A 4th S 1 899 . K gain , on epte b er, , Mr ingston tel e th e ad vantages woul d far an d away outweig h any tem po h ed t m e s f s grap o a ollow c . rary loss , sh oul d suc h oc ur “ ’ W s the m a v v ith federation a sured , the federal construction of I y, h ow e er , h ere say th at I h a e b een d isappo int

ai ay i , i pi i , d ted y the e t mea r lw s n our o n on un oub l b s ns for e d by th e u tterances o f som e m em b ers o f th e Fe d eral We carrying out this gre at Australian undertaking . hope that n it will not be long before Westral ians an d South Australians Parl i am ent in regard to th is proj ec t, an d can o t bu t con h m are m - t st t e m ith t h se m d e , h st si e t are cc operating in the Parliament of the Commonwealth to ra w o a by any w o al o l n v t n bring this about , an d we repeat that you ca n rely on South now , w h en i t was of i tal i m portance t h at Wes er Au s — ‘ . C . . K G T . tralia Australian sympathy and support C IN S ON , Premier sh oul d b e in d uce d to jo in th e Fe d eration . 4- 9 T h e nur sery fabl e of our youth v m m T h e tenor of th e abo e , an d any ot her si ilar pro “ W i ill you walk nto my parlour , “ n o u n ce m e n ts ff : ” s t th e e e t If Weste st i the fl &c . &c . , wa o c rn Au ral a S aid spider to the y , , l w ill only oin i n t h e Fe d eration , th is rai way will b e cer m j seem s as appl icabl e in th is cas e as in any o th ers . ” d G v m s . — tai n to be con truc te by t h e Fe d eral o ern ent I a m indeb ted to th e Engineer-in C h ief of Western We now co m e to th e general election for th e Fe d eral ’ Y . O C o nn o r Austral i a (Mr . C . , for an

m e r a . Parli a en t in West n Austr l ia T h e two party v o s a 4 ex h au sti e rep rt , on th e co t of a r i lw ay , on th e feet R s r an . G . . e de s . t d H e id i th ei d d es e l a r , Mr B a on Mr , n r a r s 8 . m K d 5 in guage , fro algoorl ie to Port Augusta, a istance of v t o t h e people o f Western Austral ia , both appro e d of th is 1000 1 1 00 m b b et ween an d i les , an d al so t h e proba l e e its a co n stru c ' railw ay pro ect , and h el d out h op s of e rly j v m . O Co n r re enue fro t h e railway Mr . no is an engin eer of t ion . great e m inence and rel iab il ity , an d h as d e signe d an d car

. a t i h is m ess e t th e e e f Weste Mr B r on , n ag o p opl o rn rie d out all th e great publ i c works in Western Austral i a Austral ia, sai d s h ar d uring th e pa t ten ye ars , inclu d ing th e Fre m an tle " F q i k t a it mai a d p e ge m e e i ee or u c r ns of ls n ass n rs , for or l u o m h bo r works an d th e great C o lgard ie water sc h e e , wh ic a tive defence , and , as time goes on , for general tr ffi c , you m an d 2 m claim that the West an d East of Australia should be connected is now nearing co pl eti on , w h i ch will co st 5 ill ions

sterl ing . by rail . No doub t the proj ect presents difficulties , an d enquiry ’ ’ m O o o G . C nn r s must p recede action but the Federal overnment hope an d Fro Mr report , wh ic h I regret to say i f i b bel ieve that t he d ficulties are not nsupera le , an d that such i s to o to is h i n ex tens o I se t m e long publ , propo o ak i a i m a enquiry will d sclose means by wh ch they y be overcome , - several extracts , wh ic h wi ll refer t o t h e practicab il ity, so that the work , essentially so great in national importance , v n ” cost , re enue , an d working expe ses o f t h i s pro pos ed rai l may be entered upon as a practical proj ect . R ’ way . G . . Mr H e i d sai d , i n regard t o Mr . Barton s pol icy

. O n As to th e prob abl e cost , Mr C o nor write s speech at Maitlan d “ " e H aving gone very carefully into the matter from many There is one part in the g neral statement of Mr . Bar ’ i c n points of v ew , I am of opinion that the railway , including ton s to which I would l ike to refer to , and that is the o st ru c 4 t t roll ng stock , can be attained for an average of about £ 000 per ion of the transcon inental railway . The work is one that i i mi e , mak g i a m ust be carried out . It is absolutely necessary from a com l n n ll ’ m e rcia l l a a d i i m n . A . O Co n no r d , mi it ry national po nt of v ew lthough I , for To t h i s a ount Mr ad s for oth er

, fl m one w ill hol d the Ministry to strict account in all matters expenses (of otation , aking a t otal of anticipating approval , I think the Government might take th e l upon themselves responsibi ity of undertaking the initial ‘ R s s As rega rds b as is for estimate of prob able eceipt , we work of exploring the b e t possible route . ’ have data as follows I n - t h e G ve Ge e s ee h i h i h h e e e d “ o rnor n ral Sp c , n w c op n s The ave rage number of pa sengers each way per week , r the Fe d eral Parl iam en t, th e following occu re d n an d E r s between Frema tle the aste n States , for the la t three “ The question of the construction of a railway connecting 400 years , has been about , an d it has been fairly uniform for w e ith thes Eastern communities , t he vast and hitherto isolated each of the three years . W has “ State of estern Australia , been under consideration . C t ounting both j ourneys , h is means 800 pa ssengers per Exami a i the y i te ve i g et ee the rail wa v v n t ons of countr n r n n b w n iz . : week , over a year , the maj ority of whom reside y tem S h a d “ e st e rn A t a i a a e i p g s s s s of out n i us r l r now n ro res . o ldfie lds upon , or are connected with , the g , and woul d couse together with other enquiries . It is hoped that they may result quently probably go by overland railway in order to save time , r in showing that the unde taking is justifiable . a d t ke p i t h i h thei i e e it i v ved " n o e n ouc w t r bus n ss , unl ss n ol con Isolation was t he chief obst acle to the early adoption of s ide ra ble a ext expe e . I tead i v vi g ext a expe e W r ns ns of n ol n r ns , the constitution by est ern Australia , until the hope of closer w ho ever , it will , on the contrary , be in many cases much J 20 9 1 0 1 . NI ED ST A LIA . ul y , U T AU R

o ve rla nd w The re be to the he pe th m t y ai ay i t d . would also great advantage inhabitants c a r for e o go b r l , f cons ructe e o hllie lds t he s e a . th than to go by on existing g , by reason of large red uction in t he m e a t w t he a It is also probable that many of the resid en ts of t he price of , hich construct ion of this railw y “f e st e rn t t t e : Aus ralian coastal d ist ric s . going to and from h would bring about the cost of carriage of sheep and cattle E ta m ilu uv . i n t o b K e astern S tes , would use the addition this , y rail d irect from Port Augusta to algoorlie b ing estimated it is also prob able that mno v of t he passengers going l o a nd to be very much l ess than by sea to F remantle and thence by I‘I r u o e w us e t he th e o ldfi clds . s from p by mail steamer would l ike ise railway . rail to g The a sumption tha t there would be a il , f o f considerable tra le in cattle and sheep on this railway , is based The consumption of meat on the eastern gold ields present , t bu lo k 2 00 c a nd t 20 00 e r upon t he fact that freigh by ra il for a l c from Port averages about bullo ks a bou sheep p Week ,

a n in l 1 0 . d it is estimated t ha t u la rge proport ion of these would go Augusta to Adelaide ( full truckloads) wou d be about 5 ' 1 o lt re n i a le i n 3d . , t n t e . t u a d h a i ht m th , I am by overland railway , if construct d It is es imated that n t e se fre g fro ere ' d F .L 4 a ii formed , a bout , the railage again from remantle to considerable portion of the food , other than meat . consumed

Ka l e o rlie £ 1 3 8 . (5d . 130 f s g , making in all , as compared with on the eastern gold ields would pa s over the railway . Th is W A ns us t which the cost per bullock (in l ull truckloads ) a t estern applies especia lly to perisha ble things , such eggs , vege ables , i a n K ra li ai ay a , m t A ta a g i , d &c . &.c. t he re r lw r tes fro Por ugus to l oorl e woul and fruit , , It is also est imated that would be ( d . £ 23 15 8 d £ l s . 3 . 0 . 5 fi - be a bout , showing a saving of per bul some t raf c , in both directions , of high priced goods . for which

lo i 1 d . . k , equivalent , I believe , on the average , to about per lb there is urgent demand between the Ea s tern States and the The w actual saving , howeve r , oul d probably be much more o ldfie lds g , a d a et e th Eas Stat a n d E p . n lso b w en e tern es uro e i in than th s , view of the possibility of supplying the market There would , in addition , be some local t raffi c. on the proposed b much more uniformly and regula rly by rail than y sea , and s railway re ulting from mining at Tarcoola , a nd from pros a zo idin 8 g losses at sea , and al o avoiding the necessity of hav poot ing along the line from thence to K algoorlie . ing large stocks on hand , in places where food and water are '

. O Co nn o r t to bl s e Mr furth er con inues , in rega rd i c carce and dea r , and also va rious other expenses at t ndant ” probabl e revenue and work ing expense s : upon shipping and unshipping . “ Th e “ advantage which would accrue in the saving of time M y estimate of the immed iate probable receipts and work in t he carriage of mails cannot well be red uced to figures , but as b i g xpe e , di e t y ded ed m the data a v giv , n e ns s r c l uc fro o e en w d p a y e ve y id ra e . A a e em t i th : w oul rob bl b r cons e bl s n l en n e is Receipts , and orking expenses show s defence of the Commonwealth against inva ion , the railway ing net profit to wards payment of interest of per ine s tini a ble is would , no doubt , be of value , and when one real es annum . This , howeve r , is on basis of things as they exist the cost of warfare , even for a month or two , and that a rail th e at present , and it is , of course , more than probable that t t e rm ina t c i way such as t his migh it more qu ckly , or possibly ex istence of the railway , and the development of the Common prevent it occurring , it would appear to be al most j ustifiable wealth generally , would produce much better results in yea rs e on that basis alone . In addit ion to that advantage , moreover , . w no t he to com It ould , therefore , I think a too sanguine a r tici ai io n to there would also , of course , be the enormous a dvantage of p assume , that within a few years from date of n o e t wo e s w bringi g int intimat touch and communication the sides compl tion of railw ay , the result would be as follo s

n o w . of a great continent , which are widely apart K AL G ro ur G A V I A Ta u co o m . OORLIE Po AU UST , ’ ’ o n Mr . O C n o r s conclu d ing re m ark strikes th e key 1 1 00 . Length , about miles Probable receipts per annum note of real Fe d erati on . T h e m ail s woul d b e rece i ve d in Probable working expenses pe r annum l v Ad elai d e at l e ast § d ays sooner th an now , an d coul d l e a e

. s Net profit per annum d ays later T h is , of i t el f, woul d be a gre at boon to th e As compared with the net profit of pe r annum trad ing com mun ity . e above indicated , there would be the interest on estimated cost T h e d efence of Austral ia woul d b e greatly assist d

3 . to am ti g at pe e t , pe a m , oun n , r c n r nnu a nd the Co m m onweal th woul d b e enable d t o fulfi l i ts thus indicating a loss to the Commonwealth in respect of this obligations in th is respec t to \Ve ste rn Au stral ia . Wes railway for some years of pe r annum , but this result t e ern Austral ia woul d , in real ity , be fe d erat d w i th th e would , no doubt , improve in the course of time , such being

bv , the history of railways all over the world . It may be hel d rest o f Austral i a an d woul d no longer be unknown , an d as some exp erts that my estim ate that the working expenses t o a large e x ten t , out of m i n d , sh e is at th e present

- d am t t t wo thi d the e eipt i ex e ive , woul oun o r s of gross r c s s c ss ti m e . t i vie the p a e x pti a t ki g bu , n w of rob bl e ce on l cos of wor n I n th e in terests of Fed eration alon e , and th e bu il d ing t he ex penses in this case , including cost of providing water and U a up of an n ite d Austr l ian peopl e , th e work i s an ab solute fuel for the locomotives , I doubt if my estimate could be safely

nece ss ity , and w hen , as I h ave sh own , t h e work is no t reduced . t o o m m I v . l ikely to be any burd en on th e C o onwe al th , th ere am h ow e er , incl ined to th ink t hat w i th , fi natura l and proper d esire of a profe ssional m an of h igh appe ars to m e no justi abl e re a son for any d elay in its ’ ’

. O Co nno r s a . stan d ing to b e on th e safe sid e , Mr estim te construc tion

of original cost is m ore th an w h at wi ll actually be. required S h oul d m y an ticipati ons as to th e und ert aking b eing

- fi t he. a e an d I th ink w i ll b e foun d suf c ien t for sel f supporting be not re l i s d , an d sh oul d t h ere b e , in t he e a rl le ss m work th e interest on wh ich woul d b e a year , y d ays , a sm all , th at loss igh t b e fairly sh are d , v a n d a nd an d I th ink th e working expenses on a long , l e el l ine , by Western South Austral i a th e Co m m onw ealt h , tra fii c a w ith but few stati ons , for a of , say , an d suc h a loss woul d b e wh olly inco m m e n surate w ith t h e t 60 . v year s h oul d certainly not excee d per cen or a d antages derive d . , a m I f t h ese figures sh oul d turn out to be a ccurate , th e rail T h e re sul t of th e establ is h m en t of rai lw y co m uni — t h e ti ith \Ve s te rn st i m a e s m m ise d wa y woul d b e sel f supporting fro m b eginn ing , and ca on w Au ral a y b u ar 1 would soon b e a profi tabl e und e rt a king ; and I fi rm l y ( ) It will make Federation a reality for the people of the “ ' great estern State . b elieve t h at such Will b e t h e c ase . ~ (2 ) half m a de i . ’ It will ful fi l a more than prom se O C o nno r Mr . continu es (3 ) It will sho rten the mail route by nearly two days . “ Amongst the benefits which would accrue from the ce n (4) It will allow the Commonwealth to fulfil its duty in struction of the railway are the following regard to defence . “ During its construction very considerable benefit would 3 d d ( ) It will encourage tra e , commerce and frien ly inter the. and ' a e t several of th e States of Commonwealth , more ccru o co u rs e a nd the settlement of the land along the route . nd pe ia y to Australia a South A ustralia , through es c ll ' ( 6 ) It will break down the only remaining b arrier that the supply of va rious materials required for construction separate s the E as t from the West . the works an d also food for men engaged , including increase , (7 it wi the ) And l astly , ll be no burden on people of the in revenue of railways by carriage of same ove r the local lines . . w s Commonwealth Subsequently to the construction of the rail ay , the cl a s of h I . . bu t T h ese are th e consi d erations w h i c urge upon th e t a a ve i di ated d , . a , he d r ffi c bo n c woul of course ce se t re woul m peopl e o f Austral ia , an d I m ay ad d on e ore T h e pe opl e s . accrue in lieu of it , to the railways of the E a tern States an I , “ e ste rn v fi of Austral ia wil l ne er be satis ed or contented , increase of t raffic result ing from the pass enger a nd goods to di e ti the K a g ie t t A g t a and Fe d eration th e m w i ll b e only a nam e , an d w ill b e t rafli c in both r c ons , on l oorl o Por u us d n . ” regard e as of l ittl e or no accou t , with ou t i t railway . U S A LIA . 20 1 90 1 . 6 NITED AU TR July ,

Th e Bu rd e n of Em pi re .

E D . I O H N C O L O M B M . P . (BY S R J , , NGLAN )

I a ad with a t e t x t and a v a i l a ble for th e enera l secur it i n wa r o f th e w o le h ve re gre i nt res , i n your e cel le n g y h ta n o t to m a az an ar an able an d in r art grea t i sl a nd co ntinent . H e cer inly is l ikely b e g i ne of J u y , st uctiv e icl e, a t th e t B i no ld . a . B . iscovere i n N ew So u t W le s, even o u ful les u t t m th e . d d h h gh nder the b ove i l e , fro pen of M r H g fi a t at all th e t ta t ul t a a an d im t a . con ence rev i le si s er s es wo The subj ec is o ne of gre t gr v ity por nce Th e d p d , h d h e as and a be a m i a nd i t i n ea c on e efe n erself to t l t , l o l l re world i s ov ng q u i ckly , th e d rec ion wh ich h d d h y y dy at al l intern atio n a l a ffa irs seem to be tend ing is not tow ards to give N e w S outh Wa les wh ge ner h elp they co u d , — ta t a a m a m s a t an r m m . settled peace . I ncre s e of r e nt e speci l ly hose in h ou of co o n per il I f I u n ders n d r igh ly — m t t a a of a n a v a l ch ara cter is th e com m o n fe a tu re i n th e pol icy th e genesis o f tha t gre at a ch ieve e n of A u s r l i n t a te m a th e m m a t A ct t r a a a t th e m . St s ns i Co o nwe l , i s e ques o f gre t n tio ns presen t ti e Th e worl d en ers h p , h h v y nd the new century u nder co nditions total ly d ifferent from tion of com bin atio n of th e m il ita ry po wer a re sou rces t a t all its arts s a t t a a h ad m a tho se presented i n th e p ast . Th e ce n re of gr vi y of of p a ne cessi y for A us r l i n o s l l I am to a s a t al t o f tr h as t m al a t . t c u es of i nter n io n d ispu te, conse q uen ly s ife , i nflu ence in de e r i ning pol itic c ions c e

n t a th e t ai r , s h ifted fr om o ur side of th e worl d to yo u rs . Th e interests be recog ised h t i n ev en of f lu e or even a a m ta G a E r a ar l a a al E , of t h e re t u ope n P ower s e no o nger ce ntred i n we kness , of the n v po wer of ngl nd i l i ry i a E u a a a bu t a a t m s a t t al a m ta e ac : an d t the n rro w rope n re , h v e spre d he selve descen on A us r i n soil igh t k pl e i f

- l al t m in six t th e . a t tat h as a a t at over gl ob e T he self con t ined U ni ed S es d id t ke pl ce , h o c d efe nce sys e s , pol i ic

to m o ut its - m s a t t m a th e s ttin been forced by ev e nts ove beyo nd self i p o ed l ly independe n sec ion s, wo u ld e n po s ibl e cu g a t t us t a a pol itic a l b a rr iers : a cross th e N orth P a cifi c o n one side u p of A u str a l i a i n deta i l . Wh is ru e of A r l i , i and h e ar i Se t t a l t th e B it Em . t an a h e . i nto C bbe o n o her A n ew P ower , i s e qu l y ru e of r ish pire T h e pr n cipl e

a a a a a t a to an t at a am bu t o n a m u la al . J p n , lre dy po ent f c r i n y i n er n io n l i s th e s e , ch rger sc e

a a a m am t h as ar th e t a L e t o u t a a a tt t . b l nce of r en , isen in north of h t us foll ow th e p r l lel l i le fu r h er T he a e th e at B t m m a t th e o m a th e m tar o ce n, wher gre ri ish Co o nwe l h o f A u s essence o f power of c bi n tio n o f i l i y trali a ta l and t a an d m a a th e a o t t is so v i l y d irectly con cern ed . I n i n ern resou rces e ns spre d ov er isl nd c n i nen ti “ o n al t th e r E u m a be l a a a it to x it . no s rife i n fu tu e , rope y stil cockp it i s th e physic l b il y e erc ise A s ser io u s ” a bu t it r a l h l m a t a a can at of n tio ns ; ce t inly wi l no t b e t e on y o ne . il it ry desce nt upon A u s r l i po ssib ly b e a s to o m a i a t rt ad m t l th e a t a at o s th e I f, ny nd ic io ns p o e nd the wor ld i s te p ed , u n ess t ck ing n i n posse ses free va n cin a war th e at a A u stra do m th e a t : m ta co t at o o r m n a g to w rd s , w ch word A dv nce, o f w er il i ry ncen r i n s co b i ” li a m h as a no ther i nterpretat io n from wh at we p u t upo n tion s o f A u stral i a n forces coul d o n ly then b e ae co it as it to a m m lish ed a th e f m th e s ea x wh en we p s e ch other fro he isphere t o hem i p by l nd , for reedo of e ercised m a m sphere . T he adv a nce o f A u str a l i a i n a ll t in s o l itica l by th e a tta cki ng powe r ean s th e deni l o f th at freedo _ h g p , m m u nica a and m is t as t . th e t a a co soci l econo ic , do u b less sured by the en er to the Defe nce H e nce i n er n l l n d o f tiz bu t am as a l a and ad are i tal m ta prise h er ci ens ; if the stre of events i s t io ns, such r i w ys ro s , of v i por nce t a i t a a t al a to t a a th e t n r un ning ow rds n er n tio n l strife, A us r i , h owever the successful Defen ce of A us r l i u nder co nd i io m re in all th e h ec t to a t a t t a a . at s o oth h er prog ss else , i s, w ith rest of t e pr ede n c u l co nflic on A u s r l i n so il Wh

a a h a w m m il a r r a s r a a a t e ar . t i h t i t a world , dv n ci ng ne rer d ys o f When hese ever g be t h e y force hu l ed g i n t A u st l i , a m th e a t a a a s all t o m th e sea a n a s m th e d ys co e, s fety of A u s r l i , o f o her po rtions th e freed of h v i g p sed fro u nder

o ur m m E m B t a i t to ac a t fla B t ca n a of co o n pire, w ill depen d o n ri ish b i l y U n io n J k to no h er g, no ri ish h elp re ch — m a m a t m a fi m as t er sea m t t a m a . re in co e wh y of th e . her fro outside u n il h t freedo is reg in ed N o w , The co ntem pl atio n of the ch a nge d co nd ition s of th e wh at r a il ways an d ro ad s ar e to A us tr al i a un der th e

as a t r a t r t at th e s ea are to th e wo rl d si nce the l t gre gene l o u b u st of n atio n s i n co nd i ions descri bed , th e p hs o f a m Em t th e a r m . r s is , I h ink , necess y prel i in a ry to a tru e con pire ’ ce tio n th e a a Bi no ld s t a a Z a a a m a a p of re l issue r ised by M r . g i nstru o We w ill suppose A us r l i , N ew e l nd , T s n i , t a nd r t t o ur Em r a m a to ur a . fi r tive con ri butio n yo j ourn l T he gu es giv en , eve y o her por ion of pi e , gre t or s l l , and th e x t him a a m to th e t t a a a co nv i nci ng proofs e h ib i ed by , est bl ish r ed eeth wi h every gu n , we p on , or ppl i n ce ’ beyond questio n th a t the Kin g s subj ec ts a t hom e bea r know n to m il itary scie nce ; every m an a n d boy a sk ill ed the bur den of th e genera l n a v a l defence of the wh ol e sold ier and fi rst- cl ass shot ; every wom a n an d girl tr a i ne d — — ’ Em pire in clu d ing A u str al i a wh ich th e K i ng s su bjects to the suppl y of am m u nitio n or h osp i ta l nu rsing of th e O a a t a t a d h no an t e . verse pr c ic l ly do ppreci a b ly sh are . wou nded sick Wh at wo u ld be th e positio n a o u t Em Em r a a a nd a C o m A s I h v e so ofte n po i nted , o ur own pire of o u r pi e whe n the r il w ys ro d s of the th e a th e t t a t m m o nwealth am al ar t to aff th e m a is only o ne o n th e f ce of globe wi hou sys e c e, i n r e e ne s , ord i n hope which com bi nes all resour ces fou nd with in its borders fo r o f A u str a l i a n sur viv a l ? S im ply th is- a ser ies of l a rge r m m . r to a an d m a B t m m t m a pu p oses o f co o n defe nce I v e ntu e repe t o nce s l l r i ish onu e n s o f i l it ry perfectio n , m a t Em r a a a t - t m ca n ore , th o ur pi e eng ged wi th nother Em pire lo cked up in w er igh t co p a rtm ents . T hey be w fa r a s a a n d a a a are m a e a si a n d a t r th e o ul d be , so resources org n ised v il ble s sh d in det il , i n succes on , leisu e , by a n a fi t a n Em i I n a m a . R te th s a . co ncerned , i sl nd gh ing p re ussi a n P ower or P owers wh o h ve s red u s o n e e

a m a ll n t a fla m a as a th e Defence , fo r e x ple , the resources u d er h t g, T here is u ch co nfu sio n of ide s to wh t m Ba a an d m to m s e a m a an d at m a fro th e l tic to th e P ci fi c , fro A rc tic I ce the freedo of th e e n s , by wh eth od of oper nfi a are m and m m co nes o f I n i , co bine i e i a te l a v a i l u . B wa x a at m a d d d y t io n i t i s sec red y y of short e pl n io n , I y

- a a a a m . ble u nder pre rr nged syste For Briti sh Defence po i nt o u t th at suprem a cy a t se a d oes n o t n ecess ar ily a N E . a t a m a t th e t a a th e resources of two isl nds i n th e A tl n i c lon e e n th e po si ion o f v ic or fter gre at se a fi gh t . a re a a a a t v i l ble fo r the gener l secur i y of o ur great World I t r a ther m e a ns the possession of such n a v a l power t at . u an S e I do bt if y A u str a l i a n cou ld b e fou nd to sta nd as its am t an d i t t th e , by ou n d s r i b u i o n , produ ces a a , a m n m a ff up for t h eory or rr nge en t, u der wh ich the re or l e e ct necessary to m ake the sh ips o f a ho st il e o f sou rce s N ew So ut W a l es a l o ne were to be or a nise and no fi h g d flee t keep i n por t . t gh t a t a ll . T he c a se s of 20 190 1 July , . N D U ITE AUS T RALIA .

— L

the m a Wa r Cri e n . a nd wa r S t e i n ou t A fric a . a re h h s i m pl y one o f c as h cl a im s by th e Uni ted Kingd om the t bes il lustra ti ons its tru e m a o f e n ing . I n the Oli n a a t a a a nd . a s Em g inst A u s r li the ou tlying p rt o f t h e pire . a th e c se two a t M a m m d gre tes rit i e Powers were co bine . fo r a a a m L m e n v l v lu e rece ived o r pro i sed . e t e x press R a a y a No u ssi n sh ips n whe re d red to sho w a t se a th rough t he t a t t hope h h e y wil l pond er over th e. e x i sting a rr a nge o u t the wa r . D t he a t a wh ol e ur ing l s ye r there h a s lwc l l m t : d m a a s e n u n er wh ic h so ny thous nd s , o r even h un dred , t plen y of ev idence . x a ha l cd to fou nded o n u ne pl ined r us o f vo te rs in th e U ni ted K ingdo m d ecid e t he ques tio n a a , m a e n o t m a a bro d to k it i pro b bl e th t . i f c h a nce o f x t e t o f e pend i u re on th e Fl e . Pol icy a nd P a rl i a m en ts a a h ad f a success g inst u s of ered . ce rt i n Po wers m igh t h ave as a t t m to th e ove r h ere , the A n i podes , ju p popul a r i n tervene d a . a a over Sout A fric T t c nce wa s en ied as x s t he. a h h h d v ie w e pre sed in b ll ot bo x es . Whethe r British t o m m a f possi ble e ne ies by the or l ef ect of ou r presen t n a v a l powe r keeps p a ce with th e co n tinu 0 u s growth o f a a a rel t ive n v l po wer . Bu t the r a pid a nd e x tra o rdi n a rv a Em a nd a th t o f o th er pires N tio ns . en tirel y depend s m t a al dev elop en of n v power by foreign n a tions is a to a a t m a a u po n wh e ther the el ec r tes h o e h ve , o r h ve n ot , a t at the m . I t a a fi t as a x a a t m a st r l ing fe u re o f ti es is to be no ted th t cold . So lo ng the t p ye rs ho e lo ne as the B m t a t as a co m a na va l a nd a ritish flee t us be l e t eq u l to th e p y th e pipe r , so l ong wil l they , they l one ,

bined an two w h e r m m a E x a a a . B fleets o f y P o ers . so t h e cheq uer )f c l l t n v l tu ne i tish co u n ities i n the P ci fi c the M other Cou n try m u st now al one m ee t the cost a n d el sewhere m a y d a nce wi th j oy whe n i t i s R u le ” a as . two E x B a a m m m a m w h ich is sh red , it were by Foreign che q uers . rit nni , bu t le t the re e ber th t ti e s, vo iced by a a a m a a as Em a m a 3 . d . The d nge r h e d o f the pire rises fro this f ct . , y be ch nged So lo ng th ey do not “ to o t t a m c a a a th e a a B Em 80 wh ich i s of en forgo te n , th t de o r cy has its h o t re lly sh re i n n v l urde n of pire , long ” “ ” a nd fi t s m a ca n a m atte . fev ers its cold . in th e t ter of ex pend i t ure they h ve n o voi ce i n th e r a a wa r ta : ax a and t on prep r tion s fo r . T h e v oters of the M o th er This , h owever , i s cer i n the t p yers , , here

a t t a a am th e are m Cou n try h ve now en irely i n hei r h nds the d e ter fore , th e P rl i e nt , of M o ther Co u ntry uch “ ” m a th e am t to m w n fi t m d in tion of o u n be so spen t . ore likely , he the cold co es , to consi er

' t t a Bi m m a e r a to a e . no ld s a I r us th e re ders of M r g v lu a bl e a rticl e thei r o wn i edi t su rou nd ings , th n p y h ed m a h a t t e est a as to B a a th e a fi O a . y not look v ery seriou s q u i on h e r ises . the ri tish n v l necessitie s of P ci c ce n

! Th e l nte r s ta te Com m is s ion .

V I I I M . P . C . BY H . B . H N S ( GG , , )

a t - a m m ? a t t t a a th e tarifi Wh t is the I n er St te Co issio n to do Wh t 1 . T he Cons i u i on prov ides th t fter are its powers ? Wha t u nfedera l dev ices ca n it interfere o f C ustom s h as been m a d e u nifo rm th rougho u t th e t ? at can a a a m m a ad a nd m m tat wi h Wh pu rpose i t ch ie ve th t c nno t be Co o nwe l th , tr e co erce between the S es “ ” a t i a id ? r a e 9 t t at a chi eved w i hout ts a e to be bso lute ly fr e ( . I t i s ru e h sta te m ay stil l m a ke ch arges necess ary for its i nspectio n The C o nstitutio n l e a ves no dou bt as to the ten u re l a ws but the ch a rges go into the feder a l reven ue ; and I t s to an d rem un eration of th e com m issioners . en u res th e Fed er a l P a rl i am ent ca n a nnul a ny u nnecessa ry in m a t e a ch a ter of sev en ye rs , w i ho ut possibil i ty of the ti a a fi a t s e c o n 3 . p l ws ( Wi th th i s q u l i c ion , there rem u nerati o n being redu ced wh ich P a rl i am en t prescr ibes ' c a n no t be a ny tar iff or o ther o bstruc tio n to th e fre e e fo r h im o n his taking offi ce (3 . For the s ven be tr a ns port of go ods from sta te to sta te . I f there ar as u as th e a . ye s , h e is sec re the h ighest j udge i n l n d a w can n i nfri n em en t of t is rov isio n , t e la cou rt s m y g h p h Bu t wh a t is th e work for wh ich he is to be re u nera ted ? m an a h as no t a i a t . nte rfere o nce A ggrie ved to w it , H ow often w ill h is services be req u ired ? - and i . a th e the t ate w ll n ot w i t . for opinion of I n er St m T e com m i ss ioners are to be secur e even fro t e la w h d h Com m ission . The co urts wil l b e bou nd by the Co n a y a re to be i nterference of P a rl i am en t . A s bo , t e m m s titu tio n h e . dy h , not by t fi ndi ng o f the co ission I n the m — to x cc l a rgely ind epe ndent of P arl i a e nt e ert powe r a t to - t a t th e U n ited St tes , o bs r uctions free r de be ween a a m . ordin a te wi th P a rl i a e n t There is to be no ppe l sta tes were d e a l t with tren ch a ntly by the co urts long

m m ce - w . fro m th e decision s of the co ission , ex pt o n q uestio ns before any I nter Sta te Com m issio n as cre a ted There

law a - of law ; a nd on q uestions of to n o tr i bun l l ower i s no necessity for an I nter Sta te Com m issio n to m a in ta i n Bu t th e u t t a n th e H i Cour t 3 . still q es ion h gh ( this prov isio n o f the Con stitutio n . mm ? rem a ins W a t m a tte rs can the co issio n eci e l w h d d 1 1 . a a am a , T h e Feder l P rl i ent is not , by or regu ? at can it a ad mm to Wh do l tio n o f tr e or co erce , to give preference one r a an a a a t a n a The l 0 1 st section sho ws the ou ter bou nd a y fence st te or y p r t thereof over no ther st e or y p rt i n com m issio n w il e o th er sections t hereof 5 . T h is prov isi o n is no t l ikely to be of the po wers of th e , h ( i a m a nd t 10 1 the co m fr n e b t e e era l P a rl i en t ; , i f i t were , t e further l im it i ts powers . Under sec io n , g d y h F d h

m a ta o s a i t . m issio n can onl y ex ecute and in i n the pr v isions of co u rt would de l with m la w d I I I . a a a nd m m . a n th e Constitutio n rel ating to tr a de a co erce T h e Feder l P rl i en t is not , by o r regu a t a m m a the a ca n n a l io n of tr e or co erce , to bri e ri t of all l a ws m a d e th ereu nder . I t o ly h v e , for th is d dg gh “ " a nd a m a t st a te or i ts re si ents to t e reaso na ble us e o f th e pu rpo se such po we rs of ad j ud ica tio n d inistr ion d h , m a y ; wa ters of rivers for co nse rv a tio n o r ir r i a tion s a s th e P arl i am ent d ee s necess r to confer o n i t bu t g ( “ m a W a e be m an g as a a t t a a am ent h t ver i s to the e i n of re o n bl e use , the i t m a y be taken for gr n ed h t P rl i wil l ke a re e er a l P a rli a m ent i s no t li el to err in t is res ect \Vh a t . F d k y h p such powers am ple . . th en the prov isions o f a m a nd an d m m a nd for e rs to co e ; . i f i t s o u l , t e cou r ts wou l the C on stitutio n rel ating to tra de co erce ; y h d h d

a . m rt a fi fi nd t h e P a rl i a m ent m a e u nder th ose ro vi de l with i t We ust go fu her eld to wh a t l a ws ca n the k p m m a th e — a t m m ? i e i te uses of I nter St e Co ission . sio ns T hese are the cruci a l q uestion d 0 1 . R . 20 19 8 UNITED AUST ALIA July ,

a i a a t a W at I te m th e a th e a h ope th at I h a ve m de t pp re n th t h d ispu IV . N ow , we co e to l w s which Feder l “ no t th e t n bu t th e o P a rl i a m ent may m ake u nde r th e prov isio ns of the is expe d iency o f i n erfere ce , p wer of ”

t . Constitution rel a ting to tr a de and comm erce . The i n erference th e m t th e a P a rl i am en t h as power to m a ke l a ws wi th respect to T o a scert a i n l i i s of the po wers of Feder l “ m n m t t a a at m t a tr ade an d com m erce with oth er cou n tr i es a n d a o g P arli a en to i n erfere with r il w y r es , w e us re d ” a th e a am t o h a t x t to a a s s 1 02 and 104. t 1 02 t 5 1 I an . t e s t es (s . ( ); d th is po we r e ends n vig Sec io n en bles P rl i en a nd a nd to r a ilwa s the r er t o a n t fi ve m ta : tio n sh ippi ng , y p op y f y i n erfere , w ith l i i tio ns “ fi I t m t a law t to t a and t t t a t t 1 . s a e . I t wil l be o bserved h h is power is co n ned u s be by with respec r de ” — an i no t x t m an t a t th e law m t to inter state d foreign tr a d e ; t does e end com m erce . Th is e s h u s be one t t 5 1 a t to t - tat t a H a and . to r de between y Syd ney , or be ween P er h u nder s rel i ng o nly i n er s e o r fo reign a a m m can fi nd to t a n m os e to t ad . d K a lgoorl ie . I t i s i p sibl fore el l wh t l ws tr e or co erce I n o po wer i n erfere n d t the Fed er a l P a rl i am e nt m ay m ake with reg ard to in ter w ith r ates ch arged for tr a ffi c b egin n ing a endi ng w i h i n

a I s a t at m t an tat . sta te and foreign tr de . need o nly y h u ntil the l i i s of y o ne s e h o w far -if a t all w can a n re er en ce d is a a re m a can a 2 . la th e l ws de , no o ne st te T he o nly fo rb id y p f or — tn te m m can be m a r m i n ti n an tat . a e I n r S tate C o ission d e u sefu l i n se c i a o by y s e T here i s cle r preference ,

h x t a nd th e m a a t a . e a m a o i s ta n 6 and c curing t e e ecu io n i nten nce of h ese l ws there i s cl r discri i n ti n , i n n ces ( ) ( ) a t a r d o u t ta s m i at t Wh ere i t is fo und th at th e l aw s c n no be c r ie T he r ate . in these i ns nce d iscr i n es be wee n co n

ff t a a m m t an d no t " t as to t e ec u lly w itho u t su ch co issio n , hen , signee , as to their reside nce , be wee n good s heir “ m t I can fin d no re~ t l t m to a t . ace ta t n o r o du ct o n . il then , i s the i e pp oin it We u s k no w pl of s r i g pr i p ”

a . wh at th e sickness is before we prep ar e th e m ed icin e . feren ce or discr im in a ti o n i n instan c e ( )

wi a k : a t a o u t th e a a m at m t Bu t it 3 . V . , ll b e s ed W h b r ilw y T h e preference o r d iscri in io n u s be u ndue “ ” a a t ? E a tat its a a s and a n d un a a t m ta . r es ch s e owns own r ilw y ; e ch re son ble , or unj u s to so e s te ai a t s to att a t t affi to at erfe re nce m at tate its a t 4. as ta s , by r l w y r es, rie r c r c I n cer i n ing wh p o r d i scri in ion a nd m its t a nd t to a ad e tc th e fi a a e o t a ta t fro own por s, hereby g ive tr de is u ndu e , , n nci l r sp nsib il i ie s o f s e i n m us t be ta n n to v a n ta ge s to its own citi zen s . conne ctio n w ith its railwa ys k e i con l are t a a th e s a Th e fo l owing ypic l i nst nces of device sider tio n .

5 Th e e m a t a t . pref re nce or d iscri in io n c n no be

‘ a t a s a a a a a h t - Sta t m m t at as etc. t e ( )I n N e w Sou h W le , whe n r il w y ppro che s re ed u ndu e , , u nl ess I n er e Co issio n a t a m e x a h as a it . the V ictori n border , the r es for whe t beco e dj udged so

" h e at ceedin l . th e ds . E t u 104 t a r t m tat t h e g y lo w T o u se wor of M r ddy , l e B t s . i n r oduces fu h er li i i on o f N ew Sou th W ales C om m i ss i o ner of R ailw a ys : Th e po wer of i nterfere nc e

a t 200 m il a t er te n 6 - to n tru ad N 0 t at a s a 1 . at to r e for es p , i n ck l o s , is r e is b e re ed u nl wful , if the I nter “ 1 2 s . l l s 4d . te n 300 m th e at . per ; for iles r e is State Co m m i ssi o n deem it neces sa ry fo r th e d evelo p n m 400 m th e a 1 3 . 4d a d fo r 5 00 m t th e a a nd a a i for ile s r te is s , iles, ent o f t h e terr i ory of st te , if t h e r te ppl es 1 4 m a a 100 m rt s . Thi s e ns th t o ver the i les fu hest e qu a lly to goods w ithi n th e st ate an d to go ods pas sing A nd ” m a to n a a 8d . th m fro Sydney of whe t i s c rried for th i s i n to e sta te fro o ther sta tes . a t r sea c h rge is freq uen ly reduced under pr essu e of , r iver , a t m a I h v e , herefore , co e to the conclu sion th t “ ”

ra a m t . s rate is a e t a or ilw y co pe ition Thi d iffer n i l neither th e P a rl i am ent n or th e I nter- Sta te Com m issio n “

a I t n o t a a a t as . E r te is preferenti l r e ; for , M r ddy can interfere w i th lo w r a tes for lo ng h a u ls beginn ing sa s i t a lies to ever bo i n th e c o lo n sen in us y , pp y dy y d g a nd e ndi ng i n o ne sta te ; b ut th a t P a rl i a m en t ca n i nte r ” - go o d s i n 6 to n l oad s o ver like d ista nces . t t a m at at d fere wi h preferen i l or discr i in ing r es , provide b O n th e t a a a m a h m m t t e h as a m e tc. ( ) V ic or i n r ilw ys , go ods co n signed fro th co issio n dj udged the to be u nd ue , E a t h e t a M elbourne to chu c (o n Vic or i n bo rder), fo r t V t it a t an If h is iew is correc , i s wort h wh il e to cre e 87 s 7 n m E a a re a . d . to . ~ consu ptio n i n chu c , ch rged per I n ter Staté m m t its a a and Co ission , w i h ex pensiv e s l r ies B u a r st d m th e ar t if they e de i ne fo r co nsu ers i n D l i ng m t fi nd a t m o n e th e six tat e q u ip e n , u nti l we th so e of s es R t i t a t a re a ed iver d is r ct of N ew So u h W les, h ey ch rg a t the m ta f a is keeping up, f er u n i for r i f, u n f i r prefere nces — m ‘ 6d . a a the a o nl 2 2 3 . er to n for c rr i e over s e is dis crim i l y p g d o r na tio ns . I gr a nt th a t if th e C om m issio n a h e a a u t a t a nce . T is is w t t r il w a t ori ies ca ll h h y h h ad power to go i nto th e q u estio n of l o w ra tes for “ a a I d c im a t t . t t e preferen i l? r e is r i n te s be we n goo ds g a m t a a lo Bu t if i h as l on h u ls , i t igh h v e t to do . t m a h a R a nd m a t e E ca . e nt for D rl ing iv er, goods e nt for chu t at r n ot h power, why h ur y to cre a t e th e C o mm issio n ? as a d t o f a a I t ives a reference , re r s t e cos c rri e g p g h g Why cre a te m a chinery for th e m ill before we see th at m E a th e a R ’ fro M el bourn e to chu c , to D rl ing iver pro t can l gr is be brought to it . We sh a l l kn o w better wha t du a ce r o ver t e ictori n ro u cer . h V p d p owers to giv e th e C o m m i ss ion whe n we k no w th e ch ar 0 t alia o o d o t m th e I n Wes A u str , s im r e fro a t th e t ( ) g p d c er of dev ices wi h wh ich it w il l h a v e to deal . a are a a t t m be t at e ster n colo nies ch rged h igher r es for fre igh fro I f it fou nd h the r a ilw a y a u th o r ities of any state m a a Fre n tle to Coolg rdie tha n goo ds prod uced in West t a te th e o m ta ff th a t r persis , f r u nif r r i , i n dev ices of e n u e

ra . m A ust l i a T h is i s a n interference w ith fre e d o of tr ade referred to in i n sta nce it w il l be e as y t o cre a te a as a s an u n us e c ar between th e col on ie s, wel l j t pref ren e give n a a ffi a a to bo d of three r ilw y o c i ls , wh o sh oul d be bl e

’ t u t a a o t . to Wes A s r l i n pr d uc s a th e e tc a an tt decl re devi ces u ndu e, , fter h ou r s si i ng ,

m all t as a a a n d a t a a a m a N ow , i n y opi n io n , h is w teful , u nfr tern l , for sl igh nn u l p y en t dded to their s a l a ries . m it . a a th e a a a t r t r id iculou s co petitio n shou ld be ended P erson l ly , I f be fo und th t r ilw y u h o i ies of any state a r a t the a a all t a t r th e m ta f I eve n f vo u the view th r ilw ys o f the persis , f e u n ifor r if , in dev ices of th e n a ture s a t a th e a G m to instan ce a t es sho uld be t ken over by Feder l overn ent , r eferre i n i , th e co urt s ca n in terfe re d ( ) , a nd a m ac a a as a t t th e a id o f th e t r - d i nistered i n the inter ts of A ustr l i wh ole . wi h ou I e Sta te Com m issi on a nd , m m a he re ven t a a t o a . t m t I entio n y o wn opin io n , bec use H nour bl e M r p such v iol io n o f freedo o f rade . I nsta nces m t a a am a t a an d b are ta Solo on , of So u h A u str l i , bec e h igh ly ind ign n ( ) ( ) ins nces of devices used to attr a ct tr a de , to t t wh en I h a d v en tured to do u b t th e power o f th e I nter not o bs ruc it .

a m m . a am to t e Of St te Co issio n or o f th e P rl i en t , in erfer . t n co urse h is v iew wil l be scou ted , o t on ly by f a a as in a t t a . the with d if ere nti l r tes such h ose i ns nce ( ) I few wh o h a v e their eyes se t upo n h ighl y - p a id arid 20 190 J ul , 1 . N T D 9 y U I E AUSTRALIA .

“ fi f t th e t o f digni ed of i ces , jus h ing for th em selves o r th ei r I t fo r t r a n s cends oven th e q ues t io n o f the ch ar a cter

“ . a m a se e f Ea t a nd e t a a s a fi s a t . friends b u t lso by n y w h o t he ev ils , prese n t h ri f suggested by riv l c l theoris s ch of

m t m th m t s a t to co e , resul ing fro e c o peti tio n o f he riv a l t he ta tes h a s to f ce so m et h ing l ike a revolu ion in its a ' ‘ r il wa t m a nd y e t n o t see the l re us u r a nd a n m as to a m y sys e s , d o h ow po werless y ; y eco no y ppoi nt en ts wh ich

t - ta m m t m o t o m a m m a t be . a s f m a t I n er S te Co ission w il l be to d e l wi h y , wi thou t u l i te i nj ury to th e Co o nwe l h ,

. B u t I a t a t h e c t m be a m a nd th ese ev ils cou nsel l i t le del y . in pu bl i pos po ned . ust h iled wit h welco e . fo ll owed t a t d , a n . a . t a a . i n erest before est bl ishing hi s u n iq ue . perh ps wi h ppro v l ' ‘ a m m —l he C t t t m a a n . a a m h a u : no u nnecess ry , Co issio n The Feder l P rl i a e n t s T o s u m p ons i u tion d oes ke

m . - fa r ore work before it a t presen t th a n it ca n do pro I n ter S ta te Co m m ission essen ti a l for a ny pu rpose e x cept — o r a t c m t e M a m a ra a perl y do all . N o one a n bl a e h i nis trv i f th a t o f preven ting pre ferenti l o r d iscri in t ing il w y

— — - from m otives of econo m y a nd of c a u ti on the org a nis a r a tes i n inte r sta te t rad e ; a nd if a ny such r a tes s ho u ld

th o m ta a a m t. ca n o e m m t d a f . t . a m . ti n of Co ission b e pos poned T rue , the Con be tte p e te r t h e u ni f r riff P rl i en

to w t he stitu tio n m akes it m a nd a tory th a t a Co m m issio n be cre a te a n inex pensive Co m mission d e a l i h t a t - t a t ad ppo inted ; bu t it does not s a y wh en . T he Co nsti tu tion offe nd i ng st a tes . A ll o her inter s e tr e prov isions . a a is al so m a nd a tory a s to th e i m posing o f u n ifo rm d u ties whether posi tive or neg a tive i n ch r cter . wh eth er for m b — t to m of Custo s ; u t i t fi x es a term w ith i n two ye a rs . l ocki ng ri vers or fo r prevent ing o bstruc io ns freed o

m t the t - a e C o m a ca n the as a t There is no ter wi h in wh ich I n er S t t o f tr de , be , for present , wel l c rr ied i n o a s a a m a fi a t th e f b a a m a nd t h e s . , m issi on is to be appoi nted . Th e gre t dif cul ty e fect y P rl i e nt C ou rt by P rl i en t — t h e a nd the a m m . h e m m a fi a a fi t . i nce ptio n of t Co o nwe lth is th e n nci l d if cul y Cou rts , Inter St te Co i ssio n

th o tes o f Bluett cres t.

’ d s m a e a Ste a i , lpOllt S of history . This is surely pi ce of hysteric l E a w h as na rt intended for nglish re ders , hich by i dve ence We p ublish elsewhere a s igned a rticle by Sir wa a a a a ’ found its y into the A ustr li n ed ition of th t journ listic nd a s a w B u rd e n J C m M . P . a T h e ohn olo b , th t riter s m a a n E universa l provider . It ight be re d seriously by nglish w t he E m i re . a m e ma no t w o f p n y be so idely kno n to t he m a n who knows nothing of Austra li a n conditions ; but as it be it ma A ustra lian public should , y not be a a a re idea of the N e w Z e a l a nd a nd the Austr li n peoples , who out of pl ace to mention to our readers that he is genera lly regarded a nd m m and 1 200 identical in rac e , creed , politics co erce , in a a a s o ne t au r a mong informed circles Gre t Brit in , of the firs tho to wa r it h a ' m iles a pa rt into the b a rga in , going w one nother is n ities on British and Eu ropean nava a fi airs . It to his persiste t l a a a 5 0 ar a a , b ec use , fter ye s of n tion l friendship they c nnot i a a advoca cy we are indebted for the inva lua ble Br tish N v l a r i n rec oncile themselves to a const itutiona l p tnership , is wh o the war c D a m n . is Intelligence ep rt e t It he condensed poli y of ‘ " a ce to o . deed to an inform e ustrali n intelligen , f funny a M m . , d A E n w m , the nglish people i to four ords , Supre e N vy obile A r y 0 G O t he He has a l ways been a strenuous advocate of British co ntrol of no w e ’ T H E Impe ri a l Conference , which is sit a n m a nd s e a so th at only two courses sha ll be left to ene y s fleets T h e lm e ria l L a n p ting in ondon to d iscuss the question of — ma in a a g sq u adrons to re in port, or to fight with gre t odds i st C o u rt o f est ablishing at the hea rt of the British w a a nd a H is a t c w a a , them . r i le ill , it is nticip ted be idely re d c re n m a a l. Em a , it a a a n A p p e a pire I peri l Court of Appe l which f u lly weighed by those whose business is to p y speci l tte tion sh all supersede both the House of Lords (in to s u ch questions . its App e ll a te j u risdiction) a nd the Privy Council (in its J a mm t as m a a a udici l Co i tee), so to beco e the fi n l leg l tribun l TH E a d a P a r initi l procee ings of the Feder l h m a a . D for t e whole E pire , is widely represent tive one ele m a a m a ~ F i rs t Fe d e ra l liame nt were rked by circu st nces th t ga tes a re pres ent from a ll p a rt s of the Em pire g M n J ustice

- l a all well wishers of our po itic l institutions m a a J a m e a m St e p s . Hodges fro Austr li , Sir es Pr nderg st fro New E a a m ight well eplore . ch br nch of the - m m C a . d Z a a and . R e l nd , Mr ose Innes fro the pe The sche e — n a r legisl ture require its presiding o ffi ce r i the one P esi a nd a a d involves a conside ra ble innova tion . will prob bly be a re a nd ent and in the other a Spe aker . Both responsible - a m as as by m a wh o d , op posed by hyper conserv tive inds , well ny ' re a a a t a ny ex a lted positions for they a li ble to be t xed h ave a v e sted interest in th e ex isting order of thi ngs ; but th e m a m m a al s m om ent with i port nt duty of deciding nice questions there ca n be no doubt in the inds of i p rti person , r a nd a between the two opposing p a ties , in th t respect they h m a a m m who know t e whole of the circu st nces , th t the ove ent is a a m a “ ” are j udici a l offices . The ch r cter of the offi ces de nds only a coroll ary of the universa l Amen which has been “ ” a a — th a t their occup a nts sh all be c lled to the positions , inste d expres sed in every corner of the globe wh e re English is m a nd a — “ of being a llowe d to scr am ble for the ; nything in the spoken i n response to the spre ad of the sent i ment of one a a u ndigni fi e d ” nature of solicitation by spir nts is both to interest for the whole British Em pire . i . “ ” those who seek a nd degrad ng to the position which is sought Though the fringes of the num erous leg a l system s of ’ a a — s uggestive of a tra desm a n s c rd a a. t he a a the E m m a i f b The ide of circul r v rious br nches of pire y be d f erent , y a and a m a a — enum era ting the credenti ls cl i s of the c ndid te is a a m a m a o re son of the loc l circu st nces , the in b dy of British ’ t s and a fitness of hing , dis l w— i repugn nt to one s sense of the a the bro ad principles , the guid ng spirit which is the a nticip ations a s to our adoption — appointing in rega rd to the province of the ju rist is t ne sam e eve rywhere ; and inas much I t e Legisl a ture . is , ind e , of th e tra ditions of the British d a s it is the am bition of every intelligent citizen th a t those e n wh o a consoling h at neither of the m h ve been elected to a a e — t le ding principles should be preserved int ct , or els where i “ i ” m the high offi ce referred to resorted to th s push ng ethod m odifica tion becom es necessa ry to suit the a ltered a nd alter

’ m . of obtaining the obj ect of their a bition ing conditions of society m odified everywhere in the sam e

’ l wa m a n m a a . l be y , it beco es I peri l necessity th t there shou d w a nd a at a a ll a ss a ueensl a nd eekly , quotes the one , one only , tribun l the pex of our v rying P ro gr e , Q “ ie ws to a leg a l system s to which every citizen of the Em pire m ay look J o u r n a lis t i c R e vie w o f R e v the effect th t Aus

m mi a a. a a a m m la w and a a e flf ali a and N e w Z eal and ust do n te the for fin l decl r tion of the co on , fin l int r I m a g i n a t io n i a a a e re t at io n a law a d a a e Pa cific ; and if they a re pol tic lly sep r t , p of the st tute , in wh tever ist nt qu rt r of

a nd n a the worl it m a y be enac te . An it c annot be. doubted they are sure to m ove on diverging lines , to ge er te d d d a e a a a to i a ll diverging interests a nd symp athies . And so , in the long run th t the exist nce of such centr l tribun l , wh ch w a stri e ma a n a w a m j ourna listic ise cres), f y other l eg l tribu ls ill be gener lly subj ect , ust con (says one or other of these - - r wa r stit ute a Em and e as a a a day m a y a re t bond of pire , serv leg l keynote for them . Feder tion to sp ri ng u p betwixt - w mm i E m m a hence which is onl the to morro every co unity wh ch the pire e br ces . - m w a y to orro , or century 1 0 UNI D A US RA LIA . 20 1 901 TE T July ,

I N the course of a Tim es le adin g a rticle on ne ctio n by rail would apparently h ave been of no consequence

N . W. m a s is a m m ! S. the Sydney Co monwe lth proces ion , it in s ving Tu ut fro rej ection “ a a th m a an C e le bra t i o n s . s id th t ere see s to h ve been ele m a e ne ral a a ent of good t ste in the g ch r cter R DI N G M anche ste Gu a di a n ACCO to the r r , m a a “ of the devices which lent the a distinction not lw ys E n g li s h there a re several useful and fluent L abour ” La b u r a m a . a a o prese nt in popul r de onstr tions Th t is tribute to the m m o n e — e bers in the House , but not not M e m be rs . a rchitectural a nd aesthetic t aste brought to bear . all even Mr . J ohn Burns , who , with hi s a it a a m a th e It is p y th t the rran ge ents for en bling a a and all hi s a t e — voc bul ry force , is p to be too diffus who sur visitors from the other colonies to witness these el a borate a a m a and p a sses M r . Fenwick for orderly rr nge ent of f cts a nd e xpensive functions were not c a rrie out in an equ a lly a m mm d clea rness of voice . This h bit of ind is co only the pos a t m I t i s no w al ” pr isewor hy an ner . gener ly recognise in h d session of the carefully trained schol a r . In t e course of N ew Wa am wh e a ho w “ South les , ong those o w re ble to see . a a a the speech referred to , Mr Fenwick s id th t, though n a m a t thi gs were conducted , th t the confusion in the t er of m an was 2 5 a an a mi and m young , I for ye rs ctive ner , y posi a a was a a al i the org niz tion little short of sc nd , ow ng to pro a i m a ; a am a m tion is perh ps un que , fro the f ct th t I c e str ight fro crastinating t m m a n m ” conduc of those e bers of the St te Gover ent the coa l face to occupy a sea t in this House . h d h . a who a the control in their a nds The Victori n people It is a tribute to the breadth and l ibera li ty of the House h a d t he a vanta ge of knowing where the New South Wa les mm a a m was d of Co ons th t this nnounce ent received wi th cheers . m a a m h a d a and m n ge ent f iled , to so e extent profited by the Q x r i s a d e pe ience ; but , notw th t n ing this knowle ge of the d TH E M r a . Fenwick referred to in the bove pitfa lls into wh ich their neighbours ha d fa llen the M ed ' , C la s s p aragraph cle arly recognizes the injustice of t a a nd u n u st ifiabl m a bourne s ff were ch rge , a not j y , with ny “ ” “ ” d as a a nd a a L a Le i s la t io n . cl s legisl tion ; Austr li n bour ‘ g d . had e ve r N e w blun ers No such blunders occurred in m m e bers would do well to note the fa ct . South Wa les in connection with previ ous functions when the The coal export duty was an im post which bore wi th u ndue arran gem ents were com m itted to th e care of a n experienced a . h rshnes s upon a. p a rti cula r secti o n o f the co mmu ni ty Under- Secreta ry a nd it is to be hoped th at it will here a fter a a a a be recognised th t such work , when on l rge sc le , is worthy TE E M o rn ing P o s t (L on on) recentl a n a a mi d y of co sider ble d nistrative bra in . — E n g li s h expressed som e very level - he aded we m ight — V ie w s o f a lm ost s ay stat esm anlik eL views on the su b

‘ The N ew A e L A u r li e ct E m a a g ( ondon) refers , under the s t a a . j of nglish criticis of Austr li n “ ” “ a a J i n o i s m i n a a i the W . is s a a g bove he d ng , to the opposition of est ff irs It nece s ry , s ys one of its “ ” a a t r s a u r li . a a m L A , A s t a a Austr li n Pre ier to ord (then Sir lfred) editori l writers , th t we in his count y hould reg rd ’ Milner s proposa l to send a recruiting offi cer Austral i a n politics as m uch as possi ble from the colonia l point m e n e w if a m to beat up n for the South Afric a n Police Force ; an d of view, there is to be th t intelligent sy p athy between a m mf “ M and mm a the journ l co es to the co orting conclusion th a t it will the other Country the Co onwe lth , which is essential ’ fa a m a Em . a be stra nge if Mr . Ch berl in s success in inducing the colo to the wel re of the pire Bec use Austra li a elects to do nies to t ake part in this m ost nefa rious war to crush two things which would not comm end themselves to sta tesm en at R m a d m m a i a little epublics does not end , when the fit is over , in ho e , it would be the erest folly to suppose th t colon ls producing som e estrangem ent between Brit a in an d her are less wise th an those who control the n ation al pol icy in ”

r . colonies . this count y With al l our qu alities as adminis ar a an t rat o rs a m a m i It ought not to be necess y to point out th t there is , there is tendency to dog tis in the British , wh ch a a a th e a a a a - Em m a ppreci ble difference between ssisting Mother Country is f t l to the e sy working of world wide pire , de up in the a a nd a a a m an i a mm in hour of d nger , encour ging our Austr li n of ndependent St tes , linked together by co unity of m a a ms o u t a te re st s a a d a nd a a hood to per nently bet ke the elves of their n tive , l ngu ge , bloo liter ture , the ch in being joined “ ” h a d . a l or dopte country The two little R epubli cs a re referred toget er by the fi n l ink of the Crown . to as if sm allness of territory constitute d a cl aim for imm unity This view of our a ffa irs is in striking contra st with m os t

- - a a ff . On am al a m a m a for n tion l o ences th e s e principle , the under sized of the h f or qu rter infor ed utter nces of ny of the ’ c mi a m a a a a a E a in a a a ri n ls ight, in ccord nce with C pt in M rry at s wel l nglish d ilies , which Austr li is gener lly tre ated as if n m s m e mi all know piece of hu our , helter the selv s under a simi l a r its four ll ions of people were thinking of the sam e thi ng “ ” a . N ar as a war a a at am m a nd E ple ef ious pplied to the is cert inly cour ge the s e ti e , were living under nglish conditions . and u a a ous , should constit te good dvertisem ent am ong the a s as m a th e a n . l wles cl ses , who y subscribe to org n in questio A SK a nd I for no cheers , I expect none . It The m a a - synony s of th t wor , ccording to a well known di e d T h e is nec e ssary for the salv ation of th e na tion “ ” “ ” tio na r a re wick e d m “ y , in the extre e , iniquitous a troci , P o lit i ca l a m i ax a th t I should i pose th s t tion . Y o u h ave ” “ ” u l o s v a a i . y ill inous , detest bly v le Th a t such l a ngu age h p h i i ad as . Yo u a a ll L y s c a n , your fe t h ve , iber al s and in an E h a and a should be indulged in nglis newsp per , th t the m a Tories, been d for rioting a nd e xp e ndi issue of the j ourna l should be allowed to go on an d the , . c m ture Now o es the reckoning . And you m ay l a ugh or m a hi m a a c nery by which it is printed be suffered to re in int ct , as as . a - a not you ple e Thus Sir Mich el Hicks Be ch , in ad is undoubtedly a t ribute to the freedom of speech enj oyed in m inistering his Budget im positions . mm British co uni ties . x-

l iterature. Fe d e ra l ON the occ asion of a recent deputation to “ I N reviewing a n Austr a li an book on Pro C a it l the New South Wa les Premier from the p a ” A u s t ra lia n a R a m portion l epresent tion , The A tlwnazn m. s . l an Tu ut di trict, Mr A ex der Oliver is S it e s . “ a : — a G ra m m a r. s ys The uthors suffer un er the op reported as h a ving spoken as follows : d “ ‘ ’ ‘ I l a t a l . wish o say th a t I would h ave bracketed Tum ut with pression of the Austr i n wi l for sh all Ya had in ss , it been com m unica tion with Sydney and Mel ” as the a bourne , is c se with Yass . E — — TH R E a re those and they are m any who

. O m Mr liver ust surely h ave a short m em ory for a ce r L it e ra r a a m e n a , y think th t gre t ccom plish their ends h as a n respondent dr w our attention to the following extra ct m a a C a re . in life with co p r tive if not absolute m , , t R a m m w fro the repor of the oy l Co ission which a s M a . ( r . e se The following p assa ge from the bio a O ) a in a Alex nder liver on the bove subj ect , rega rd to the same M ax M u his gr phy of Professor ller , (by son) will show th at “ , m : town of Tu ut It is , therefore , with no li ttle reluctance wa s a at a a — he , in reg rd to his writings le st , genius in the a add m “ th t I feel obliged to Tu ut to the list of rej ected south ~ Carlyle an sense of posse ssing the faculty for ta kin g infini te ” . , h 5 4 m a western sites But t is site being iles , even whe n co n p ins nected by ra il m m a n “ , fro the in li e of communic ation the a was a a m a and , My f ther lw ys ost critic l of his own style , s - s t l outh we ern trunk ine is at a perpetu al isa va nta ge d d . a a would often , when correcting his proof sheets , lter whole a a a a a In the deput tion p r gr ph , the r ilway connection a a a a as a him p ge , bec use word or phr e disp le sed , or because would v l a a the ’ e ident y h ve l tered whole as pect of Tu mut s m a m a m e so e new ide , so e h ppier ode of expr ssion , occurred to a m : a he ” cl i s where s , in t R oya l mm ac him Co ission extr t , the co n . J 20 1 90 uly . l . N T D U I E AUSTRA LIA . l l

Tno sn a a L ‘ ’ who h ve been re ding ord R ose a nd a s a Ito bbe r m The A r cy tyle of the uthor of y Under Ar s . ’ be r s y R ectorial Add e to the students o r t a t C o i c id e n r ss f c i ic qu li ies his broad sider by s pe a king in high te rms of n c e . a nd the University of G g , the Life of s o m e t hi s ho rt s r e s c m a k o u las ow of to i whi h e up the v l m e . his a 0 Q Huxley by son , will h ve been st ruck with t he si milar ity

a - H o w e e of the ide s put forward by the ex Pri me M inister in 1900 w K p t t h e Fl a g Flying has h ad a the is a The Times M a D o n a ld m a a e a nd we. a re a to those of scient t in letter to of rch , re rk bl run ; genuinely gl d

1 887 . no t a n a s e ns e as M a c d o n a ld . in dvertising , but sincere was — Huxley endeavouring to define the functions of t h e a d mirers of t he m a n a nd t he book to echo “ ” m a “ m t h a ha cc m I peri l Institute a s a house o f call for those who wish t o so e o f e pr ise which it s been a orded by pro inent ” r a a r t he. w T h a s a a m a ou n s in every p t of orld . e v cla lo r s y it is help in the dv nce ent of Industri l knowledge . He j l " he w wa r Th t he t t . e Sta a spoke of it as a pl ace in which the fullest stores of Industri a l best in hole lis of books n d rd “ m a a t he t h s L knowledge would be m ade a ccessible to the public ; in which sa y s : Inco p r bly best book upon e iege of a dy “ sun ith . Lilcrn ln re a : m fa r a ll t he the higher questions of com merce a nd industry would be s ys The ost live by of " ' ' a Lad s m . l a : m a a a nd at a nd as a n m ny books on the siege of y ith The l m ld s ys syste tic lly studied elucid ed ; where , in “ be e v s a h a ve. s a e a a he Even St e e ns or For cou d sc rcely bettered thi industri l univ rsity , the whole technic l educ tion of t l " a m nd s trong a nd gra phic ta le . The Glo be s ys it is so gra phic a nd country ight find its centre a crown . He spoke of the ” lc u l t wl b a a ca a t he . The struggle for ex istence to which the country h as been co m so vivid th t it is to ring te rs to eyes “ m a a i a the En lis h m itt e d a nd m a wa r Bo o k n is of opinion th t t riv ls best of g , pictured the i pending industri l , which ” co rre S o nde nts a nd o n th e w s i h Was of far m ore serious im port th a n the m ilita ry wars of its p ; so , through hol e l i t of — Hu e W ld . c nt ia l a The Sco lmu a u Li t ra y o r E cho , opening ye ars . He spoke of the com petition of Germ any a n d j ourn ls , r , , etc a M M al l am a . m r. ac a i a and the e da etc . , in the s e str in ssu ing th t don ld of the Un ted St tes , dwelt upon cons quent nger A ’ ’ E m L s has looked a fter hi m sel in his a rra ngem ent with t he pub to ngl a nd s supre acy . ord R osebery s addres is o n f lis he rs a n d his m s a lm ost identical lines . He expressed a desire tha t the Scotch , he should , out of his lectures nu erou editions m a ke a sm a ll fortune ; a nd his work as a lecturer University should adopt a comm erci al tra ining as one of its ,

a nd e a and m a as a nd as a write r deserves it . functions , held up the Unit d St tes Ger ny l ’ O ne Engl a nd s form id able rivals in the imm edi ate future . E E smk ti o n S cial S a 1 887 a 1900 1 3 a a T L P ress A ia p e e rvice c ble uttera nce is in nother in , ye rs fter ; but ’ J o u r n a li s t ic a t D Y a t th ey a re stra ngely alike in their fears a nd their suggested ccoun s of the uke of ork s reception at M as a a i n a En A c c u ra c . elbourne ( ppe ring sever l g rem edies . y lish newsp a pers) cont ain t he following blun — “ ” : m M r . F n ne d ers A ong Ministers , y is included in pl ac e TH E Sa tu rda y R eview enj oyed at one tim e , “ M ” of Sir Willia m Lyne or Mr . Wynne ; Mr . orrissey is in Wh a t i s (a nd at different tim es) a n envi able reputa a m a m ; a nd J a d a a cluded , in pl ce of so e other n e Sir ohn H dden is A Lit e ra ry tion for brilliant litera ry a n soci l rticles substituted for Sir J ohn M a d en . ” a am l d M a n ? but one looks in v in for the s e leve of C 0 ’ — criticism in th at j ournal s later day issues . B Y the om ission of a nega tive a nd the inse r - a- da in S a m a a It frequently indulges, now ys , p s odic tt cks H u x le a n d s m m a y tion of two uperfluous co s , the views of - m a nd a upon well known writers , when vehe ence genuine buse ’ m li a m a mm d I m o rt a t y . the l te Professor Huxley on n s i er are substituted for the biting irony an incisiveness of its t ality were erroneously presented in our l as t m a a a better period . An April nu ber , for inst nce , cont ins a a h issue . The p ss ges from is lette r to Kingsley ought to ha ve - L e Ga llie nne three colum n arti cle on Mr . , in which eight or “ been printed thus : I neither deny nor a ffirm the i m mer ten of its opening lines a re occupied in expla ining th a t a a m a n . as i “ ” t lity of I see no re on for believ ng in it , but , on reference to that author as a literar m an (within inverte y d a a n o m a the other h nd , I h ve e ns of disproving it . a m an ! com m as m e a ns th at he is n o t a liter ry This is , in ee , ) d d Yo u a rest in your strong conviction of your person l existence , a . am ateur workm a nship for a j ournal with such a reput tion a nd in the instinct of the persistence of th at existence which m m a a a nd t ” “ ” At the end of long , tedious , poin less co ent ry as m m - L n L e n . a d . is so strong in you in ost ife etters , vol ’ - m on two of th a t erra tic writ er s l atest pseudo poetic al aun I . . 2 17 1890 i . , pp ed tion t he - be derin s the critic concludes with following would C g , m a a a : severe but re all com onpl ce , ss ult , y I N a a m A / he nfe u m l te nu ber of the , one of “ n and al ms l a a ma , , Mr . L e Gallienne c ls hi e f liter ry he ’ ’ Lo rd R o be r t s Lo rd R oberts esp a tches is criticise because as a d d therefore invites us to j u ge his novels the works of “ ” ” , d w “ a . G ra m m a r. of the use of ill for sh ll This is m . a it m a litera ry m an . As liter ture is si ply bene th conte pt surely not a serious offence in a busy p ra c m m a , If this is literature, then the co onest dvertise a . a s a a ” tic l soldier Str nge to y , this identic l blunder is noticed m a m are a . ents of p tent edicines liter ture th e am r a a m by s e punctilious j ou n l in nother of its nu bers , in " m add : a iti We m ight If th is is liter ry cr cis a a reviewing n Australi n book .

m m A G E N T LE M AN of the na e of Sy ington , An amusing insta nce of the craz e for turning a hi s am m a a nd H m n o lo g y who ppends to n e the ysterious T h e Le i s la the world into nursery , constituting y ” g “ — m E x a , L a a r a — m i n title of Circuit Stew rd writes fro t u re a s a the egisl ture so t of he d nurse , co es a d etho di st Tim es (Engl n ), P h ic ia n . m e a . a a A u s t ra li a . Sydney to the M y s fro the Unit d St tes The n tion l eye “ “ a a “ ” “ ” a an d a a a a giving full true ccount of c reful sight is to be regul ted , if cert in cr nks W a m w We a a m a m ca n a a . note of a ll the hy ns used by the esley n inisters i n h ve their y quote the ch r cter of the e sure , to Sy n ” He then enters into a perfect budget of figures wh ich h as been intro uce into the New York St ate Legisl a d e y . d d “ ” a re , m an m a a show how m any hym ns there in the present book how ture , fro A eric n j ourn l “ “ m a m a a a i t a a l m any were not sung once , how ny used , ”how ny sung Books , newsp pers , or seri l l er ture sh l not be pub m . lis he d m a a twice and so on in sepa ra te returns up to nine t i es Then in type s l ler th n eight point , of which the lower , , m ms m as s s a e e . he sets out the first line of a l arge nu ber of those wh ich ca se a lph abet e ure le s th n fourt en The l ines of l as “ a as a a a ed a t as a . were never used once during two ye rs , wel those type sh ll be sep r t by le t two point le ds Thi s m are a c a a r c a in which were used once only . As the hy ns prob bly se tion sh ll not pply to p int ont ined foot notices or a a s m a e chosen by the mi nister or his wife , would it not be bout indexes or to books or other printed tt r intended for hi s i n a m a im he . t a a a l intere sting to record h o w ny t es blew nose reference use only The St e Bo rd of He lth sh l enforce ” “ and ho w m a m i i a nd i n i ts u d ment h — im once ny ti es the prov sions of th s section , if, j g , t e two y ea rs how m a ny t es a m a “ ” p u bli c hea lth sha ll n o t be i nj u red the reby , the Bo rd y ad opt twice in a service ! regu l a tions exem pting certa in kind s of printed m a tter from i a nd m a a i a the provisions of th s section , y , on petition , gr nt OUR a a speci al st in the deline tion Austr li n ” te m m a m . will h a ve to look to h is writ n per ission to use s ller or ore condensed type R o lf of bushra ngers L a We m ay ad d a a v a ny ac Da il Telegr ap h ( ondon)s ys th t the pen lties pro ided for bre h of l aurels . The y d . “ ” r w o o ” - B o ld e “ a i l is a ar 5 0 Bad om a , th t th s tru y curfew bell sort of leg l tion v y between of his new book , In C p ny “ ” W a iz he m m as t a nd 1000 l a . e i t ect a nd s a s o , dol rs it l c e ore otherly p “ e a m erit , ry it is of str angely un qu l a . vi vi d i m a a of the provision . d and unwort hy of the gin tion inartistic a n dull , U S L . 20 1 1 2 IA 90 1 . NITED AU TRA July ,

TH E J o u rn al o Co m merce o i L Gommercial ano 3 noustria1. f , iverpool , A u s t ra lia n . ~ notes the a rri va l of a l a rge shi pm ent of Aus i — m i t a id . Fro the Sc en ific A m er ca n we le rn r e F r u nt . t ralian . a fruit It is, ccording to th a t E r i a le c t c n address by Mr . C . Herbert Condict al a a a t e a j ourn , ttr cting consider ble in er st in fruit tr de circles ; a a re 45 0 a m Ve h ic le s . th t there uto obile vehicles in a E a not only loc lly , but throughout the North of ngl nd , a s Y as a 4 - New ork , gainst 000 horse dra wn . The the shipm ent is the first from th e Antipodes direct to L ive r m h as a a cab- c Y a nd syste been d pted to the servi e of New ork , pool . It spe a ks of the previous m onopoly of the Lond o n a ccording to t he a bove a uthority a vehicle is desp a tched m arket : a nd cl aim s th at Liverpool is m uch ne arer to the from the hea dqu a rters to a ny address within 1 5 seconds of L a as a nd Y i an t he e a m populous istricts of nc hire orksh re , d other rec ipt of telephone e ssa ge . d “ “ e s D a a re a c ntre in the north . e lers (it s ys) very ple ase d at the prospect of being able to m ake their purch ases s o m uch ” A Q E A St ate legisl ator Col onel n a U ENSL ND ( e rer hom e . P o lit ic a l R a e y , recently delivered a lecture ’ in a e a a u a c k s . the Tr d s H ll Brisb ne , on th e sub ect ’ Q , j R DIN G M a ncheste Gu a di a n E n g la n d s ACCO to the r r , the of fa ctory legisl ation in Victori a ; a nd am ong C o a l coal export of Great B rita in am oun ts to the m any one- eyed econom ic propositi ons subm itted to a a m . Ex p o rt . tons per nnu m a —“ sy p thetic audience were the fol lowing : Industry m ust be regul ated in s uch a way th a t th e hom es of the workers M ” R DI N G r . a m a a ad ACCO to Asquith , co l is subj ect to y be little p r ises of h appiness . Spe aking of the - as a s t e as m a ny cl s distinctions as society itself . Wa s a s a e the in h e a : C ge Bo rd , p point d under Act question , s id “ ” “ “ a re h e a a m a s i n C o a l. They , s ys , l ost well defined The Boards recognised th at those wh o work h a ve j ust

. a a a a : a s as m r sa h a a ai an d a in society There is th t ristocr tic co l uch ight to y w t w ges should be p d , wh t — a m Wa th e m - a co al h e m th c blue se of South les ; iddle cl ss of as t . hours should be worked , e ployers “ d D a m a n d th e m inco ns icu Th N orthumberl a nd an urh ; hu ble , p Aga in : e e ffect of the Boards was to rais e wages a ll a was a ous but still useful co l , which l rgely produce in the . d round A m an who robbed a work m an was just as , in a i was a bad as a n County of Fife . So close qu l ty the Fife co l to the y other kind of thief .

m a a a a d 3 d . 2 d . a m a N o w we a re as a u Ger n co l th t ifference of , or even , ton d e , nxio s for P a radise as Colonel R ea y and m a a a m and we shalt a a e the whole difference between losing int ining con hi self ; we hope , re ch th t bl ssed condition ’ ract f as and as i f as t soon, with l ttle ef ort , he will . We are a lso as anxious a s he is to see every hones t m a n getting as m uch m a L enj oy ent out of life as it is possible for it to yield ; but The speci l correspondent in ondon of th e we a re not prep a red to pl a y the truck ler by holding out to T h e La t e Sydney BI o rn ing H era ld contributes a n m e n m e n a nd m J a s and m a worki g working wo en , who h ave to face the interesting sy p thetic note on the

H u d d a rt . h a a i a . J am H u ddart rd f cts of life , glow ng prospects which are not l ikely to de th of Mr es , so well known , ’ a a li a z d . a a a nd a a a o all a s be re li e It is , for the pol itici n , so che p e sy a roa d a few ye rs g , in of the colonies , one of Austr s

- to popul a rity ; for the p ai nter of the word pictures con shrewdest a nd m ost com prehensive minded shipowners . He “ t o a e e an d a was never rea lly the sam e m an after his failure to bring tributes nothing to the sugg sted r sult but words , ‘ ’ ll- m m a l a nd goodly supply of wind to waft them to the e ars for whi ch they succes sful issue h is proj ect for a n a red co erci

d . are intended ; a nd of these two comm odities there is usu ally post a l route between Austra lia a n the M other Country ’ am m a m no stint . We once he ard one of Austra lia s most On th e t 0 p of the crushing of his bitious sche e c e n o a a nd m successful a git ators sa y that the sures t way to rouse a popul a r fina nci a l em b arra ssm ents of light n ture ; then , ost u dda rt r a i was to a m u a ll his a m H , ud ence persu de those who co posed it th a t they serio s blow of , dored son , Cy bel ine senio ‘ ’ s h D m e t a a t a a m a n . a a ai a m ma t e were uffering inj ury Th t, g n , is che ap m ethod idship n of oris , his de th Gr sp n in Nove ’ “ ” m a ve 1 a m M r . H u ddart i a ber 899. From th t ti e see s to h of proving one s friendsh p for the people , especi lly if there , a d m a all s in a nd at 5 3 h as th e be ppende to the de onstr tion of the inj ury a prom ise lost intere t life ; , , he gone over to m a a m d a l am n to m a m a an and m an . The Ti es to h ve it re e ied by P r i e t , which re edy he who gre t jority , old broken s id of m akes the prom ise -will contribute nothi ng but m ore words him '

and m ! E s as m e Belonging to a ty e of me n who form pioneers in colonia l ore wind very indu try , n of the Colonel p R an d m a a a o m to e progress , d eeply i bued with spir tions for the consoli e y type kn w full well , ust , be succ ssful , produce not hi he r st ak e s a Em . H u dda rt a ag the m m d tion of the pire , Mr pl yed for g only w es for work en , but so e return for the

e m d a the m a at mm a a him a m s . ployer ; an if wages be rai sed to a level whi ch le aves th n e ns his co nd llowed to cco pli h ‘ ’ m n m But if his Atl antic proj ects a nd his all red route should stil l nothing over for the e ployer , the i dustry ust com e to — an a nd m becom e an a ccom plished fa ct a nd hope in thi s irection do e s end , the work en be thrown out of work . d

’ m a a a — a m e l (ze r It is wel l known th a t in Victori a the fixing of a m inim um not see to h ve been yet b ndoned his n wil ' ta inl be a m n a has m a a a m - y d eserving of honour ble ention in co nection with w ge in ny c ses c used the e ployer , in self defence , ” di a — them . to sch rge the old , the slow , the less skilful all but the very bes t workm en and workwom en ; an d wherever the L egis

la tu re i a a TH E Westmi nste Bu d et , by giv ng leg l effect to m ini mum wa ge t akes out r g recently published , of the profits of a busine ss so l arge a portion that the re T h e A d ve n t a highly interesting article on the m a nufac m a m a su iii cie nt . t m n a h inder wil l not give the e ployer return for o f ure of this wonderful i er l , in w ich is a a h e a al m a his c pit l , n tur ly looks for so e new ch nnel of invest a a n a a d a A lu m i n i u m . cont ined ccount of the extr or in ry m an d m n a ent , the work e suffer ccordingly . Wh do n o t y che apeni ng of its production . hum bugs of the Colonel R eay or er put thi s side of t he d It appe ars th at in 1 85 5 a sm a ll bar of it was ex hibited at m r i a and a m o m econo ic picture befo e the r he rers , so s ve the fr a as a a nd a r its P ris , curiosity , decl red to be wo th weight in disa ppointment an d scepticism as to the genuineness of their 1 8 7 m a a was gold . In 6 the cost of nuf cture reduced (by the politic al guid e s ? Such m e n will t alk till further orders , sodium process) to £3 a pound ; in 1889 the reduced cost of a nd m a a i and a a pro ise P r d se Utopi to their udiences , and m a a m a a a m m a nd ’ nuf ctured sodiu ffected the v lue of lu iniu , it n a a a re a the , when their udiences b cks turned , l ugh in their was l 25 s . a 1 889 t h m c fel to pound . In e sodiu pro ess super sleeves at their gullibility . ’ se de d a a nd as a R ea s a e i a m m a 30 by the electric l , , consequence , the cost fell Colonel y he r rs w ll , perh ps , re e ber th t .

l s . 3 d . a . m a a u a t a r a M r to pound It is now ore c p ble of til i z ion ye s go . Grah am Berry promi sed to m ake Victoria the a a an d a a a m an a - da th n silver , br ss, or copper ; in the United St tes (prin P r dise of the working , where s to y , with all its ar a a a Wa e a a ci all a t a a a a m a m m tifici l ids , in the sh pe of g s Bo rds nd F actories p y Ni g r F lls) there is ore lu iniu produced

ts a m a s m a m m a im . Ac , th t colony e ploys le s nu ber of me n an d a gre ater th n either nickel , ercu ry , bis uth , tin , or nt ony It

m m and and a a a a a a a lu nu ber of wo en children , p ys lower w ges , th n will , it is s id , soon be che per to pro duce rticles in d N e w Wa - i m m a oes South les , where no such one eyed dev ces exist . a n m a a . iniu th n in y other et l , except zinc , le d , or iron J 2 0 1 90 1 . uly , N D U ITE AUSTRALIA . 13

mis cellaneo us u o o bs w - . vcd t ho u xxu t d nl vs u o n w e r is in giving p hich , a nd P E P E “i n nr l u a re a a p ticu nr r nh by w he u ill n rri u e O L who intellectu lly wa ke in hich , V nl n nd d pa rt ’ C m l i a m E a o a s th e w . p reg rd to orld s a ffairs will sca rcely fro ngl nd

a n c e i n s a t t he a o ne r u n hn r v a n ro li io u s v feel surpri ed nnouncem ent. of a fu n No y g or o u s vio nl io uu o bj e ction H i h p |a c e w a o a w-h t o m ln-ru ldin a g s . eeks g th t recent spe e s a nd telegra m s this for o f g no body to his birt hpl a ce ufte r ho m a at r m l‘l Inn m a i t e bu l i e n ing f o the m p o ro r of ( fo rmnny s de fortun ; is t not a li ttle n nfn ir to m nk o t ho “ ” “ ~ a a \ 4 o u lv . The w | a s o t ho A u n h ve sh ken public confidence hispers of n. rege ncy V lsl p p nx iou l st s t ra li n should h o

an ' - m . a a t w o ff it s a in i lw N c l is even ore signific nt c blegram . There ha d been a n hro n xis l l o l a n y t hing ha p p e ning t o a a t — t - e rthqu ke a Cons t a ntinople we h a ve no fault to find wit h hei r t rnw llw l t o wns l un n ! at —and a him Q th fortun tely (for ) the Sulta n of Turkey did no t a ‘ h th e a at ( o m nn rr io l I nh ili u m ( L m a e a h ppen to be wit in orbit of its dev st ions . Most s o n g ondon ) k s n

a a " A u s t ra l i a s e t a t he a s sible persons woul d consider th t the Sult n had h a d a luck y hone t conf ssion h t , until ccompli h ” ' a Em m l n o n e s ; Ge rnm ny who a a A i . t h E e o e no t esc pe but the peror of , pp rently t a k es p p r e c ia t e d . ent of ngli h p pl did “ “ ” an V w a e a t the im o rt a nm e extensive ie of the divine rights of m o na rchs h ns fully p pr ci e p ) a nd dim n — , a u o f the t a a co e t . A e e us t n m e d a s o e propounded the theory little o t Of touch with mo d u rn sions Aus r li n ntin n n h a v — ” t a a the a w be e n in Bl o t he rla m l it sa S a o f a a t though th t th e esc pe of Sult n as a special ly ord a ined the , ys , to pe k A ustr l i wi h t a m a t the a a e n e a m interference wi h the l ws of tter , by which th a t doubt out distinc ion between sep r t colo i s th t co p rised

am i was a ta a we G re a t ll rit a i n a e fully virtuous polyg st held h rm less among the forces it . it is cer in th t in h v not yet fully th a a t oper ted in the e a rthqu a ke ; a nd the Germ a n Em peror rea lized ho w gre at a t hing has be en :we o m p iis he d in we lding ’ has o a i n the t . as o ne a t a t a. t he a e a . gone further , in ssur g Sulta n th a t th at Specia l gether n ion , so v s portion of world s r — “ ’ — intervention th at speci a l fencing in of the Sultan s pre Austra li a ! A continent a l m o s t the s ize of Europe t wenty cio u s a ami m as a a t he K m —a m a s a a s person lity , d the destructive Operation of the e a rth six ti es l rge s United ingdo l ost l rge a was o f hi th ’ a m r a ! I n t a we a re qu ke , the result s ( e Germ an Em peror s) roy a l the United St tes of North A e ic hese d ys a a all m a a t he a B ppe l to the Author of such forces . The Sult an though so ewh t prone to dil te on v st extent of the ritish , ' ‘ a a a - a E m . H o w m a a t pp rently not keen logici n , is up to the sta nd ard required pire ny of us recollect th t one hird of the " m a a th E “ E m w th e m n ? by on rchs , when he ssures e m peror th at his (the British pire lies ithin l i its of the seve colonies ’ ” Sultan s) c al m ness was the result of “ submission to the And following upon this a d m is s ion is a verita ble history D ” ' i . We m m h a f a a fe s with wcll- m a U vine will presu e fro t is th t the Sultan con o the Austr li n lonie , infor ed rticles pon “ ” a h a d e a m w a a a ll its t a nd a m i ns t ru ct iw siders th t he not be n c l he ould not h ve esc ped . differen industries , series of ost

th e Em a d m m a a m a t he a a the m But surely this puts peror in ile ; for , ccord ps of physic l fe tures of continent , so e of which “ ” h a d a a ’ — ing to his view , he lre dy a rranged for the Sultan s we hope to ste al herea fter . “ ” “ ” 0 . a a holy k eeping If th t be so , the c lm ness for which the

a a was a a a a nd T T a a i t rifle r l tter t kes credit not f ctor in his esc pe ; if it HA ristocr t c , upon whose frivolous “ ” we e a re m a A i n n i n s a the a a r , then we to presu e th t, notwithstanding the S p g per on lity ch nce winds of heredity h ve ’ " ” Em a n was a i a wa ite d the Ea Ya m peror s efforts , the speci l interventio cond tion l P e e r. title of The rl of r outh , — h one t e condition being th a t the Sulta n should be ca lm and has recently recovered £5 00 a g ainst the N ew e ! a Yo k Tele a h a a mm h is ke p still This is indeed pretty bit of foolery for two r gr p , on ccount of cert in co ents upon

- — m a m a a m m rt a . on rchs to occupy their time over . It is the sort of by usic h ll cco plish ent of ski d ncing pl ay th a t gives em ph a sis to those occa siona l silent and respect The event is not likely to be of m uch interest to a ny but ’ ‘ as d etr e m w a a n d ful queries to th e ra i so n of onarchy . the silly society circl e of Melbourne , hich encour ged Is it not tim e th at such high persona ges should be politely a ffected to a d mi re h im in his folly ; but there is a m ura l e m a a all . s a m y e d a infor ed wh t ordin ry people think of these inspired utte r underlying it This e outh , b si s inheriting has a d a a t h e a nce s ? title , cquire with his peer ge the right to neg tive

a a m a legisl tive spira tion of the British people , though he y m a a m a I T is not a n infrequent practice for success not poss ess a s uch politic l inte lligence s the type of fe les ‘ ” “ w a a i P ro m i n e n t a a ose cal ling it is his princip l m to riv al . ful Austr li ns , j ust lefore visiting the old h ‘ ” “ Q fi C a a the ad A u s t ra l i a n s . country , fter h ving well settled bre ’ I N th e a a a a s a re s a a a nd course of p r gr ph on the Pope ction , in a nd butter que tion , to h ve long a the a m a a r r high ly fla ttering a rticle published by som e disinterested friend g rd to s e giddy subject , th t dignit y is repo ted s The T mes ! as in the newsp a per of the provincia l to wn from whi ch they origi ( till in i ) follows “ — a ha - w a nd the The Pope h as not been negligen t of the duty of reca l li ng nally c am e o f course , with the proverbi l lf cro n m a rm a a n d h a blue - spotted h andkerchief a nd in th e article it usua lly a ppea rs the fe le fo within the pettico t the ndkerchief . ” “ ” “ t a a a m a th a t the prom inent one h as been sent off by h a lf t he Aus Af er spe king in ppropri te ter s of the present sc rcity

. m a - wh a , and a it y t ralia n popul ation ; so th a t his fellow townsm en o re d it of clothing of the sens tions excite even in the m a m he a h h e withered boso of onk directs , too , th t their (before h e a rrives) a re disposed to wonder o w could be is hm a m as at sp ared without the Austra lian se as ons being interrupted . pun ent should be extended to such d sels , though a a a a re m i n first sight they ppe r properly ttired , , nevertheless , Th a t is only a genera l state ent , which refers to no one tra ns a e nt a n d w a a nd m a decked in p r robes , ith voluptuous gni p a rticul a r . fice nt a s a m a nd m W t n JI a il a W Ca d i ttire di pl y the selves in very seductive te pt Th ere a ppe ars in t he es er , elsh ( rd i ” “ ' " a . m m a a “ cls hm an a ing ttitudes p a per a ful l colu n of tter , he ded A Abro d Q Q Q , “ “ — Uni - s a a o f M rs . a a a a A Prom inent Austra lia n Sport m n His Gift to the The following is so rt Be ton p r gr ph , for ” “ h w . t h m a was a a m m : versity of Wa l es a nd we are told th a t : T is eek there left e ti e when whe ten flour r re co odity s t m a a o n e o f t he ne When e co no nw in the consum ption of Wheaten flour is Sydney , on the French il liner , cert inly ’ as m as m m h is M a am a known sportsm en in connection with the p ti e of the l e h so strongly reco ended in j esty s Procl tion , it ” ’ ll r'sfp rn Wa a nd w m ( m a y not be improper th a t the Public should be acqu a inted in New South l es , in ho the writer of the a m y y ) a at m t he O l st R a L a a Zlfa i l a rticle who da tes his biogra phic l sketch fro S dne th t the ess of ffi cers of the oy l nc shire , - “ m a a M a a a t T m a a a a fai n would think his country en will t ke consider ble iliti , st tioned yne outh B rr cks , Bre d is tot lly ” h a t e d w an d as a . as e a nd a by a a , ispensed ith , , substitute ro t d fried pot toes interest . This is followed det iled ccount of birth

m a . W h a re c . The a a n d a a rel ationship of the els n under introdu ed No Flour is used for pies or puddings p renta ge , coll ter l t h e as m m a a n as a a , p te or crust of the for er is de entirely of Pot toes , a d tre t ent e is connected , gre t nephew w t a m . H i h

as . R se t h a ; W unpronouncea ble title , w th nothi ng but ice is u d for e l tte r a uthor of a book with a elsh i — a a as if a well known wr ter were m uch ai r a nd circum st nti lity i

m . a M n . A s r n a o ur . one of the m ost e m inent being identified as the nea r rel ation of the uthor of H let A Le a d i n g ” “ co nsmt s a a m E a y . st tes en of ngl nd , thus And then th e gift to the Universit It of col L i be ra l m e x re ss e s m m re a rd to Austra lia n birds ! As to the pro in nt p h i self p the proposa l lection of stuffed e o n ” f h i m w well we h ave ne y er he ard t to interfere ith com m erce by m ea ns of Austra li a n sportsm an ; , F re e t r a d e . as o Iu s p o p t ax ation . Spea king in rega r to the pro perh a ps th at is no criterion d , u ourselves , though , t ’ “ “ f En s a a l s as . pose export duty on gli h co l , he s i : It belonged extensive circle of dismp e of the le h d d , larity am ong the s s m to a a r a a a h a ln oreover , c tego y of t x tion which for the l a st fifty th at the hero of the rticle should h a ve m entioned and a a ha d s a a a r e m ye rs been di c rded by gener l consent of both p ti s . photograph exhibited in the mi ddle of the colu n ; gre t 2 1 ST RA LIA . J 0 1 90 . 1 4 UNITED A U uly ,

: a a h ad That is indeed , the question the want of a clear and i , , and wh ch , even in days of the greatest fin nci l stress ’ ’ ’ d et e ' a n u n ati t y a e ei g , q ite evid t y , the i merer b een re s o rte d t o till no w . One s s spicio s were s sfac or nsw r b n u en l r so r naturally aroused when they saw the Chancellor of the of the article . Exchequer ta king down from the shelf of our fisca l museum “ ' ” TH E a n bu rnishm . paragraph headed Australian Astro this ru sty we p o , and g it up for modern purposes s is i O ffi c ia l n o m i a t is e , aid t e a e This utterance is commended to those enlightened restriction y , n our l s u s o b l bl is in it A n o m a lie s . to m conception , m aking appear that iste of Victoria , who spe ak of commercial freedom as if it were E e G Mr . llery was the p r sent overnment a n exploded doctrine . was Astronomer of Victoria . It certainly not so intended , ’ E e TH E u a rdi a n a d e d t thi k s ded . M . e y fi d th at fi e M a ncheste r G , one of the n w on n o wor r ll r ll of c “ ” r i C o o k e d weighti est and most influenti al of English for many yea s , as every one knows , worth ly and with dis l v a the l cretion . On retiring from it severa years ago , after ha ing Wa r C a ble s . j ourn ls , expresses fo lowing opinion in i th e i mi he was regard to the unreliability of the Afr can passed l t of age , pl aced upon the Board of — “ V i to war ca ble s z V e fear the publ ic must be com ng think Visitors of th e Observatory , with Sir Henry Wrixon , Pro

fe sso r K . D as that the news of the war which is allowed to reach it by tele ernot , M r e akin , an d other distinguished men ,

d . . in an hi eag e The d tie G ve me t A t me e e graph is almost worthless M onth month out , th ere s coll u s u s of o rn n s rono r w r

o fii ci a l the de t ke , d a e a y di ha ged , y M . iet is served out a regula r diet of telegrams , either or n un r a n an r now bl sc r b r P ro i the s Baracch , who w as enior assistant to Mr . mutilated in transit by officials , in which we hear merely that

E . such a n d such a number of Boers have b een killed or taken , llery . But Mr B aracchi , though doing the work , is not ‘ ’ i th e G . or th at some Boer force s on point of being cornered , or allowed to enj oy the title or p ay of overnment Astronomer “ ” De We t Hi fi ia desig ati i A i ta t G ve me t t me that the Boers are tired of fighting , or th at is mad , s of c l n on s ss s n o rn n As rono r , ” “ ” s a . The a or wh at not . And , in a late portion of the same article , it but to whom he is as ist nt does not appear s me “ : W i A t a a . J J . adds hile th s goes on in South frica , and while the anomaly exis s (again in Victori )in the c se of M r ames

D Go e t the th e D . . Nation al ebt is raised by a week , the vernm n , Fenton , actual h ead of Statistical epartment Mr ‘ w as s . which obtained o fli ce in October on the pretence that war was Fenton something m ore than a sistant to the late M r . H ’ . t s G s over , systematically keeps the truth from the public , as far H Hay er , the l a t overnment Statist ; for during the la t ’ t o f . H a te r s . th e as it can , by the publication mislead ing official reports , yea rs of M r y life be (Mr Fenton) had prac ically ’ ffi and by the m util ation or suppression of uno cial telegrams whole burden of the Statist s work upon his hands , j ust as much “ We - . G on their w ay to the telegraph operator h ave lately so as to day , when , un der the title of Assistant overnment ” he G given examples of the discreditable lengths to which this Statist , is discharging in full the duties of overnment the a - ! practice is carried , even in c se of non military telegrams Statist , but without its full pay The moral of all this is W — a . e it i sa a from South Afric fear s not too much to y th t obvious to thinking peopl e . 0 the E a whole supply of news to ngl and from South Afric , i i in I N the has mil t ary and pol tical , is being seriously perverted , order the course of discussion th at arisen A rm y a n d to shelter those who are answerable for the lamentable in Engl and ove r the Wolseley- Lansdowne N a v h y — t e . i ie s characte r of situation as it really is ep sode , a great many opinions more or s A d m i n i s t ra — it important h ave been expressed as to th e

t i o n . r ro fe s A R C The A thence um in t ue line of demarc ation between the p E ENT number of , “ ” l l a siona and the po itical exercise of control over the British Wa r C a ble s . spe king of the politic al editing of Lord ’ . the n War s : Army Admiral Hornby p ut matter in a utshell ; and , Roberts despatches by the Office , ays “ ” hi s the No one woul d gather from the account given of the lo ss of although solution may be somewhat bluff , and , as “ ” D a i l Tele a h i a W D a h a London y gr p sa d , breezy , it seems to contain the convoy at aterval rift , in February l st , t t nearly “ ’ p 200 3000 forcible truth . It is for the oliticians to tell me if they w aggons , oxen , an d over one million days food were ” a a i t the Ch e de e ded t ; th at i thei si ess . t aken by the enemy . Th s will be news to many ; and if w n nn l f n or no s r bu n “ ” a nd n t War Ofli ce i They te me I h ave t de e d the Cha e , I the s y such importa t fac s are sup pressed in ed ting , ll o f n nn l n a ‘ a i th e wh t he Ve y e ; t d that I ha eq i e s m y h p , s m y public will surely want to know the re ason y , and r w ll o o s ll r u r o n s s o an " “ . extent to wh ich th at refining process is c arried on . guns , and so m any men ; th at is my business Then they h ave ‘ . : . f a right to say That is too m uch We cannot a ford it , an d we h ’ will give up t e idea of defending the Channel . Th at again is A TH ERE is an excellent little articl e in the their business . But they have no right whatever to say ’ Gi ls Own P a er . ‘ ’ r p , of May , by Mrs Creighton , Y ’ Wo m a n s o u . do not require th at number of guns , or ships , or men the pres umably wife of the l ate Bishop of i P u r p o s e . “ ” For th at is not the r business , an d they know nothing about r ” London , on A Pu pose in Life , in which it . she says some pl ain , but wholesome , things in regard to her own sex of the p resent day . T h e B r it i h TH E all “ s thinking section of British subjects Up to a few years ago , speaking generally , the obj ect of A r m a n d r ’ y over the world are curious to know the t ue e : most girls lives w as to get marri d they did their b est , with it s M a n a g e explanation of the concluding word s of Lord th e hel p of parents and friends , to achieve the obj ect ; and , ’ m t . e ri Wolseley s spe ech i n reply i they did t eed , e e apt t e ide ed i es y f no succ w r o b cons r fa lur b On March 4 he l aunched his indictment against the di vided themselves an d others . Now , in certain sections of method of administration in regard to B ri tish mil itary affairs . m a a society , rri ge seems to b e out of fashion . The a On the s me night he was answered by Lord Lansdowne , and ” h . 5 h object now , alw ays is to ave a good time on M arch e was further an swere d by Lord Sal isbury and “ . i D Mrs Creighton is very much in favour of matr mony , D the uke of evonshire ; and , in concluding his reply on that “ sh e a which considers as desir ble for m an as for woman . night , he said that when hi s memoran dum to the Prime ” “ . a It is necessary for the completion of a human being Minister came to be l i d on the tabl e , he hoped it woul d be f s . th One n aturally a ks wh at Mrs Creighton means by the. accompanied by a ull statement of e ci rcu m sta nces u nder “ ” wh h the d u m ent wa s e a ed . phrase , a good time ; but the answer is v ague . ic oc p r p r “ e : . as She says , further For some cl ses of girls it i s very It is quite cl ar th at the memoran dum itself is only the t me me m h m e e gthy p eed i g d di t easy to have a good time , if they are only contented with a ou co of so uc or l n roc n s an s urb

aS ira tio n : anoes , which had been going on between th e ex - Commander somewh at low level of p hockey , golf , or tennis : - i n the i War th e its it Chief and Min ste r for d uring the South Af rican ol d home l ife , with l imitation , s l ittle d uties its ,

War . monotonous occupation , h ave been swept away , and with it The ol d system of a concentrated administration in the the quiet , demure maiden , who blushed and fainted and was , — in - hi 1 895 Commander C ef was superseded in , when the existing not supposed to have an opinion of her own . In her pl ace v i h as system of a di ided adm nistration was ad opte d . come the modern young woman on he r bicycle who looks , : W in as h The question is hich of th e two systems , j udged if she thoroughly knows o w to t ake care of herself and , the ight the S th i a expe ie e i s est ? h r l of ou Afr c n r nc s , b e wa . means to go own y Some ch arm has gone : let us d W e ey h s evide t y ee t m ’s e th ith has Lor ols l a n l b n a ar l ng w hope some capacity been gained . But a cap acity for th e n o w t ? ” system , and only , when he war is al most o ver and what , th “ " all e inj ury of wh at th e e ngineers call heated bearings

1 901 . Jul 20, U S LIA . y 1 6 NITED AU TRA

m a e h ad am 1845 was a 1 428 s t o contem pl a te the possible crisis c e in it shown th t co p ni s been of sy m p a thy . It is intere ting a 701 nchester registered a nd pledg d to the Im possi ble outl y of n M a , working of h is theory , supposing he represe ted e h san ds m a m i an d m a t o iverpool Newca stle—o n - Tyne or other centre of com erci l ill ons ; e nwh ile of people were plunged L , , ’p ” a a nd . - into b nkruptcy poverty or working cla ss popul a tion . l b

“ I N J une 1842 the Queen took her first rail a , , TH E Bl a n che stcr G u a rdi a n , in the course of notice of the a m W P a d way j ourney , tr velling fro indsor to 1900 th e n a i contents of our October , , issue , expresses opinio th t T h e F rs t “ a th e a re dingtou . The M ster of Horse (we wn in the m the thoughtful ness and work m a nship sho first nu ber R a i lw a y told whose busine ss it was to provide for the ), I T ED A A a re m e a n of UN AUSTR LI the s lves excel lent pledge of ’ J o u r n e y . r a was m Queen s ordin a y j ourneys by ro d , uch recognised responsibility . e put out by this innov ation . He ent red the l<

. a m the m a , and a “ st tion so e hours before ti e of st rting c refully — - n d T H E Br i sba ne Co urier s a y s z Th a t broad viewed a ex a m ined the locom otive as if it were a st ate c a rri a ge . The a a m e n and m essenti all y Feder l qu rterly for thinking wo en , ’ Queen s Coa chm an insisted as a m atter of form th a t he ought UN ITE D AUST R I a uspiciously begins the first ye ar of the AL A , i a n d a m to m a ke believe to drive the eng ne , fter so e dispute C om m on we alth a nd th e first ye ar of th e century with a strong over his insist an ce he was al lowed to cl im b on the pilot engine a am number in its J a nua ry issue . The qu rterly , bitious a a a which preceded the roy l tr in , but his sc rlet livery , white n m o an d as was its begi ning , see s to be gr wing wider in scope gloves a nd wig suffered so m uch from soot and sp arks th a t he m a nd m o re schol arly in outlook with every succeeding nu ber , ” m ade no m ore fuss about his righ ts in a ft er trips . a a as a it is decidedly a public ation which should t ke r nk i politic al an d soci a l fa ctor in the building up of the Com mon T H E following a dvertisement for a wife is ” M a t r i m o n i a l we alth o i Austr ali a . f m [he T unes J a a 4 1800 . ro , of nu ry , The !4 A d v e rt i s e gra mm ar and spelling also a re of the sa me i n 1 8 0 0 . I N th e lengthy tre a tise published by The m e n t a “ ’ ” d te T h e T i m e s Tim es on the L ife an d R eign of Queen

N Y . _ A G m a m a and a M A TR IM O entle n of s ll fortune , h ve a a a R e v i e w . Victori , v riety of interesting events of e nte l and a a a and been brought up very g y , of goo ch r cter , e w a s r d th at p riod a re revie ed in series of ho t , ' m a nd a 30 and a of a re s e ct able fa ily bout , h ve been brought a am are l i p , pithy rticles , ong which the fol ow ng an d a n a a up in the country , never been in y tr de wh tever , T H E - r - la w m m 1845 a a m a his m a Anti co n ove ent of kept and ve ry gree ble co p ny ; fortune being but s ll , a the country in convulsions for four ye rs , taken this m ode of som e L ady tha t has got a good fortune in a n d was m a m an a a m 4~ o r 5 000£ m ha conte por neous with the i for her own h nds , to the a ount of or ore , t t W a wa a . h do m e stick a an d d a r il y specul tion hilst the peop le wis for h ppiness , to be unite to Gentle m i a a f . were crying for che p bre d , ill ons upon m an o strict honour m d a a a nd Satt e rda a n r bu t illions of poun s were subscribed for r il Sund y y excepted for inte v iew , m a m a e . D D . D t o . way schem es . The Queen looked on with ze ent lett rs post p aid t aken in irect for C irect Mr ” - a t . W . 5 a e a t . the sudden folly which possessed her subj ects hen the Hibbert , No , B rron stre t , P nton Vile , Isling on

a rticles o f CBeueral Elustraliau Gio ucerii .

“ Thi s d i vis i o n o f th e co lu m ns o f UNIT ED A USTR A LI A is i nte nded fo r th e p u bli cati o n o f s uch co ntrib u ti o ns as the Ed ito r is u nabl e to place u nd e r th e h e ad o f Signe d

rt c e s . E u a O o rt uni v W h o we e r h e a fi o wled u nde r l l fo r the u and re e e re ss o n o f e ws a nd o n o ns o f e ve rv nd o n s u e c s o f e ne ra A i l q l pp t ill , v , f ll f xp i vi p i i ki bj t g l

us t ra an co nce rn s uch V ews and o n o ns no t e i n necessar e x ress we o f th e r nc es o r o c o f the i i i a azii i e . A li , i pi i b g ily p p i i pl p li y g l

a a is a fore , the whole n v l force av ilable for offence not because T h e Bu rde n o f E m pi re . , a a a re defence is not lso within its province , but bec use there a a a and n a a and no tr de routes to s fegu rd , , putti g side h rbours B r B G . I N OL D H . B ports , nothing to defend .

O a m a a a wing to conscription , the s e pp rent contr diction the — — to rule exists in the sister service . It is not tha t the M ER . \L DE E E . III . I P I F NC a m m a m ff r y of defence is not distinct fro the r y of o ence , but A V G a i n a t war e x e n H IN de lt , previous r icles , with the p th at the forces at present afoot are pra ctically interch a nge dit u re of the E nglish people ; referred to the quot a furnished a . R a a a m ble But even in ussi , the c ll to r s would show th a t by Grea t Brita in an d by the self- governing colonies ; briefly there is a rea l difference between the duties dem a nded of - E O a as m a noticed the p aying power of the nglish verse , co p red a a m a a those who h ve chosen r s for profession , nd those who with those at Hom e ; a n d touched o n the difficult question of a m m a h ve si ply gone through their enforced ilit ry service . a a m a coloni l represent tion in I peri l Councils , it oes not see m d the war An longer the continued , the m ore m a rke the dif m d d out of pl a ce to refer to the m a tter of I peri a l Defence . m a a ' ference would beco e , until it would be seen , spe king bro d ly , Wa r consists of a n offensive a nd a defensive . From a a a an th t the soldier woul d be used for tt ck , d the a rm ed d a m a h as h a d a the wn of ti e , the individu l we pons of offence a civili n for defence . a nd m a : a n d m e ns of defence the sword the shiel d , or so ething The British Em p ire gives a m uch cle arer ex am ple of the a a a corresponding to them . It h s lw ys been recognised tha t essenti a l difference insisted on between the a rm y and the m a a a a nd an a m these a re essentia ly dissi il r in ch r cter , y tte pt l a nd defence forces , between the fleets block a din g hostile to combine the m has never been a nything but a nom a lous a nd a nd a ports forcing b ttle with hostile fleets , and thereby keep abortive . in a nd th e a a g routes open , n v l defence forces whose duty it is

t he a t a . As with ind ividu l, so wi h the n tion m a nd a to protect ho e ports h rbours . war a a a nd wa r are The of tt ck the of defence conducted a m m a a a a a A sc ttered co unity , ss il ble t thousa nd points , a e a n d a on tot lly differ nt principles , governed e ch by its own 0 11 1 m m a a E co erce is exposed to tt ck on seven sea s . very hostil e m — a s . a peculia r consider tion It is well to be r th is in ind when m a am ca n at m il ste er which , need , ount a couple of quick

discussing the problem as applied to the English people . re rs— a nd fi we know well th a t the M ess a geries M a ritim es a n d m m R a a t a a a co n A co unity l ike ussi , first gl nce , ppe rs to R a a re a a the ussi n Volunteer Fleet ble , in few hours , to thus h as — t radict the rule . But she no overse a possessions whose a rm m m a a , the selves beco es source of d nger . We depend on m a m sa fety in the ulti te issue , ust epend on the fleet m m a s e a , d , our co nd of the for our very existence . The gra vity

m a . Ca pta in M a li a n h as conclusively de onstr ted Her com m erce is m n a of the proble urges infi ite c re in its considera tion . fi an a nd a The insigni c t , her n vy is , therefore , relieved of one of the defence of the m erc a ntile m a rine a nd the protection h a — am o chief duties w ich shoul d f ll to its lot n ely , the prote a is a M a of the tr de routes duty which no inistry d re disregard . a m a : a nd :i t m r tion o t li c m erc ntile rine the present ti e , t he e O u r a a f n vy , therefore , while c rrying out its tra ditiona l policy “20 1 J uly 90 1 . , N D T U ITE . H — AUS RALIA h

f l a ' b ock d i ng s a nd a e hostile port forcing b ttl on h o s tile flee ts d itl e re n , t ri u e i le s t o a p p l nd fighting : since t he a tte r t hrough pli ust a lso look l , to the suppress on o com merce d e s ro ers ' i f t y . a a f i o n t ti e v riety e s . is ne ce s s i a rily li mi ted to com p a ra t ive ly m ay a wa r ff Th is one c ll the of o ence . e a a u o , t he m e r a m t h e e confin d re s bil for cl i s sev n seas . li wa r f lc i ce ff s m is not di cult to distingui h fro t he T he a m s t be i n vy ce a e m a e w t e fo r s u highly ntr lis d , co p r d ith h e i ghziel ig g fim a i m m e a nd a a m ining of ports h rbours . . O u r s e a r e r y o c s mus t be lik e our a nd orces or o ence a a f l f , f ff co st l protecti n by a t and a nd o a o torpedo bo s , the like , t h nd bu t the e , m a a u s a T e m a defence lin of de rc tion is j ust elc r . h ning of sta t iona ry a a ' co st l defences , d a a ' n evi ently belong to a c flo i ts w he l n l l lll f't loc l n v l i l l l a m o s t. e ntire y to t he a d f m l l l i ferent sche e of th ings . e e a nd d f nce o f ports h a rbours a nd m a nning of s ta tiona ry e m m a The distinction is ev n ore rked when co m pa ring t he e a ll a e de f nces others of r a lly n a va l ch ar act e r m ust be in t he a Wl tll Brit ish regul rs the volunteers m a , a nd m o n yeo nry , iliti a . e a : co nce ns us . h nd of opinion a nswe rs indisputa bly t h a t this m a sta n dI n a m r The s ll g r y is m ainly a weapo n o a tt ack f . a be h nd to which it is to e ntrusted is the n a vy : t he Englis h a m The very l rge nu ber of citizen troops is only a m e ans of a : w a t m n vy ould th we ight e a ll it the Imperi a l na vy l , a m an m can defence since not of the be sent out o f t he a Stress is l id on this point b e c a use i rre i p o ns ible politi WI th o u t country h is own consent . a a — ei us , with their t lk of a n Austra li a n na vy a s so mething m The only syste , it is therefor e evident which is a t a ll a a “ — , r dic lly distinct from the English na vy a re m ischievously i a a d su t ble to our speci l con itions is one whereby e a ch p a rt o f a a l ying the found tions of dissension th a t the C ha nce lle ric s of Em I s m a the pi re de responsible for its own l and defences E m a urope ust view with ple s ure . a an d a al its own h rbour co st works while contributing its - , The sel f governing colonies ha ve a d mitted t he principle of a a m the Em quot to the service r y of pire and to the I m peria l —the contribution principle. th a t we a re n o w u rgin g should be N avy . — followed to its logic a l conclusion by a greeing to p a y m oney Of u , are a and co rse we now tre ting of flesh blood not the at a ll . , a . a m Sooner or l ter , the situ tion ust be fa ced . Not war contribution , which , on hypothesis , is pooled on som e pro m f . a a a e only by supplying so e de inite sh re of the n v l vot , but a a in a portion l b sis , the h nds of the Im peri al Council carrying a , a who a m a lso of the s ilors lone render the for er o f ny use . m m o f a so e sche e result nt representation . Of course it is h a rdly necessa ry to st a te th a t there is no o a i The esp ts of nt quity , Ph a raohs a nd Ptolemies - — d ; thought of a blood t a x n o i d e a of a nu m ber of m e n being a a a all m a the gre t c pt ins of ti e , H nniba l a nd Alex i ni r S e forcibly p e S d for na val service from the Engl ish Overse a a and a a F re e tra dcrs m e n w nder C es r , were in , h atever though the Continent al Powers do this wi th their se a f a ring m a h a m they y ve been in oney . They gave effect a . We m a a S m b a popul tion ust dopt yste where y the n vy , then in “ a F re e t ra de— a to the b sic principle of e ch component m a a t he truth the I peri l n vy , na vy of t he E m pire ca n be ” , a a m a a a . p rt supplying th t for which it is ost f vour bly situ ted m a ll a recruited fro p rts of the Em pire . A c a reer wil l be ? Wh at was th e result Ha nnib a l h ad B alearic slingers , m a a a n m w i a r opened to ny of our se f ri g youth , fro h ch they e a an d a a a a t a a a a and Iberi n G l lic he vy inf ntry , C r h gini n c v lry , a t a N present deb rred . e w a venues of e m ploy m ent will h a ve ’ m a . a a a Nu idi n l ight horse Alex nder s he vy inf ntry were in f a a their ef ect on dventurous spirits , lthough this is quite a a a an d as a the solid ph l nx ; he would soon h ve thought of put a m second ry a tter . The resu t which would ustify a l most — l j ting his stur y hillm en on horseb ack as R oberts of to day d a ny step : which like a bea con light ha s been guiding the hclm s mm a woul of using To y Atkins for scout purp oses , or obt ining — d m a n of the Vikings for m any a yea r the true welding together

a a m am a C n . supply of regul rs fro ongst the Bush onti gent E - a e m of the nglish spe king p ople will be brought uch nea rer . the m a a o f the The inference is obvious . Under syste e ch p rt E n At present gl a nd Overse a does little or nothing to m a n the ~ Em w arm was m a “ pire ould furnish the for which it best circu n vy . The n a vy corre sponds to wh a t we m a y style the ” ' sta nce d . u a m The scouts , the irreg l r horse , the ounte in a a m m T d ctive service r y of the E pire . hc n a va l duty of e a ch

fa n tr wo u d n m E l O v s e a . a y , l co ie fro the ng ish er Indi would com ponent p a rt of the E m pire is to p ay a p re p ri rtio n a te s ha re Ghu rk as an d and a a a send her Sikhs P th ns ; Brit in her stol id of the cost of the com m a nd of the s e a : to f u rnish m e a ns of a a a l an d a a a . m inf ntry , her rti lery , the he vy c v lry The logic l recruiting fro its r anks such of its se a fa ring popul a tion a s a m an a s m consequence of such syste is interch nge of troop for a a a a nd a i select the n vy for c reer ; , fin lly , to look to its l a r — a m the Em . ing the l ine of offence the active service r y of pire a nd a a e a nd a fi m bour st tion ry defenc s , tr in suf cient nu bers

n d f . A u s t ra Wh a t could be h a ppier in ide a a better in ef ect a a a m of its co st l popul tion to the due anning of these works . i a at a a a a a and a t m C a a a l ns the C pe , in C n d , Indi , Ho e ; n di ns a n a a a as The question of the propriety of Austr li n n vy , and a a a and at m e : a at m . - in Austr li , Indi , Ho Indi n troops Ho e a m a Em a n a ll contr d istinguished fro the n vy of the pire , is

and a a nd the n e . in the colonies ; British troops in Indi colo i s m a a a t he e a n i port nt one , bec use it be rs seed of d iss nsion , d is and m The system would serve to induce preserve ho ogeneity w a t m rong in principle , striking the ho ogeneity which is the i a a am a a a e - d c m a . to nculc te th t c r derie in pe ce which spells sprit in adva nta ge th a t we coul d h ave over a continenta l co m d a a wa war . The I a h as a corps in feeling of the indivi u l soldier iting bina tion . t lso the f ta l obj ection of being fa r too “ a a m a f m m a n m e ch rge ust be , I will st nd ir if the next will costly for a young people . ” M a f m m a a o so . utu l con dence ust spring fro better cqu int O s a a d i pponents of the Au tr li n contribution to the B ritish.

a . a s a a we a a a n nce N vy will , of course , y th t c nnot be r the cost of y

. N e w We h ave touched on the army of attack for the thing like a proportion a l contribution to th e I m p eri a l N a vy r a re no w m a a a rm y of defence . but these ve y people co pl ining th t the present be The conscription is not for a m om ent a dvocated . Not Australia n Squa d ron is in a dequ a te ! It costs Gre a t Brita in a w a m le ga l a a a a nd a c ause the ide a is illogica l ; for a n tion hich cl i s the three hundred thous nd pounds ye r , even this l rge as m a w s um do e s n a t he m w right to ca ll on eve ry citizen to resist inv ion y el l not represe t nything like a ount it ould cost

m . O u r o n e a nd w enforce the m ea ns whereby the sam e citizen soldiery beco es us present contribution is only hundred t enty — it a as a six thousa nd pounds a ye ar . m ost effi cient . But for very different re on bec use u lt ie s a re a a : is not necessary to cre ate new difli c where there In conclusion , there is dvoc ted a a t a the E s a t m a nd O alre a dy so m a ny re ady to h a nd . The tr ining of youth Firstly , th t the whole of ngl i h Ho e ver u a wa r a n m togeth e r with enco r ge s e a shou d supply the expend iture d a d inister it by a. school in d ril l and rifle shooting , l ba would pro b y a C Em . m ent to those a nx ious to j oin the Volunteers , l represent tive ouncil of the pire a a n a t he a Em m purposes by l nd , i c re Seco dly , th t l nd orces of the pire , consisting , serve adequ ately for ho e defence f f a nd a m a t wo t he m d a a wa s ta ken to provide them with the best newest r s bro dly , of divisions , for er e ling with loc l

e rs mi a m a a nd . d fence (voluntee , l iti , yeo nry , the l ike), should a n d a mm unition . “ l‘ra nce a nd a s w a e a a are R a , be in the m in citizen oldiery hile the l tt r the ctive Am ong our neighbours by l nd ussi , , , , , ” w n o t m a m Em t he a t m a n d O a Continental Po ers , to ention the service r y of the pire , of British Ho e ver Germ a ny , the gre t a a and s e a shou d consist o those who h ave chosen a rm s for a and i n a con scription , l rge , l f United Sta tes ; , def ult of

. . profession efficient volunteer force is an a bsolute. necessity Em i a a t wo a co m Fin a l y n a va l forces o the p re , g in in bro d Since our very existence depends on the continued l , f a o m t s — a a nd a re a a a at a p lines the one for h rbour loc l defences in the m a nd of the se a ; since we a ss il ble thous nd he o the a m a in shoul be left to the control of ea ch com ponent p art : the m erca ntile m arine c vers f ce of , d a t once ; since our . t l Se a the m a a m a ll Em m I m p e rI a other , I peri l N vy , recruited fro the pire , corres a sh a l l we build up our sche e of w ters , how e m a nd a ponding to the Active Servic Ar y , contro ed centr l y . ? ll l Power for war — se a H istory te a ches us essons it a l so gives us wa rni ngs . com m a nd of the , l a with th e question of the In de ling e s e ll d w Six we eks hosti le com m a nd of the s a m ight. p the Firs t d a a a a a depen s on holly we m ust be a r in min th t n v l w rf re J ul y 20 1 901 . 18 UNITED AUSTRA LIA . ,

a in a a a a generations sh oul d be given now the best herit ge th t Punic war for us . It c nnot be too often repe ted th t the respect which the m ost fa r- re aching wi s om of the present English Overse a h ave inextric ably identified them selves with d

the a a a a can . their brothers at hom e . In the eyes of world , C n d gener tion supply a nd a a a n d a a nd Ki m a re l Austr li South Afric the United ngdo It is quite na tura l th at loc a lities shou d present their : a m a a a and a s one . As one we live the f ll of one ust bring the others cl a im s to be selected as the site for the Feder l c pit l , m m l i E O down . At the present ti e the ten i l ons of nglish ver a a ; a m atter of inform ation , it is desir ble th t they should do so se a a a m a : s and h ve no direct voice wh tsoever in I peri l Councils but but the Federa l legisl ators should m ake their que t their m a the a l m . our responsibilities of I peri l citizenship , in event of choice for C onti nental rea sons now an d for al ti e to come a wa r disa str ous wa r are in no wise lessene thereby . Such a s a d If the a bove reas oning is a ccepted sound, the Feder l wil l entail losses com p ared to which any quota we would a all ca pit a l site is a lre a dy determi ned by N ture , beyond possi We willingly now contribute is too insignific ant to m ention . bility of ca vil . its re ap the benefit of the P aar B ri ta nni ca : we cannot ev a de The only port which m eets all the conditions of the na val and m a responsibilities . It is for ilit ry experts to give l m m problem is Twofold B ay . And not on y does it eet the , pra ctic a l effect to the wil l of t he people . It is surely the duty v a but it em ands their utilisa tion as a m a tter of it l efence of the people them selves not to be leth a rgic where m atters of d d - a a the mm a m a of the m ost thickly popula ted se bo r of Co onwe lth , such vita l m om ent a re at i ssue . The question of I peri l d

m a a an d a a m a i a . defence is a m ong the m ost urgent of th e Burdens of fro Adel ide to Brisb ne , cross to T s n

Em . a l and i a pire The report upon the subj ect , so c reful y j ud ci lly

O i Es . . . prep ared by Alex a nder l ver , q , M A , President of the mmi L a nd Appea l Court of and R oy al Co ssioner to i es al Th e Fe de ra l C a p it a l . investiga te a n d report as to suita ble s t for the Feder

a a and in a C pit l , is wholly exclusively f vour of the Twofold B Y CH R I ST O P HE R CR I SP (Vie ). m hi s o - m a a i B ay a nd Bo b al a site , when c urtesy re rks , to ler t ng a a TH E a the a s a re l m a as l . Hi s a i e rly selection of site for the Feder l c pit l of other ites , e i in ted , they shou d be re son ng f m m w a al a a a m a l a a a 80 u the Co on e lth of Austr i is t sk incu bent upon the upon the subj ect (especi l y p r gr ph , wh ich covers o r a L a m a a m i an d Feder l egisl ture , only second in i port nce to th t of p a ges of foolsc ap print) is to o volu nous to quote here , fra m ing a Fe era l t ariff ; and therefore should stan next in d d too cogent to be ar condensing . sequence to the a ccom pli shm ent of th at work . a M l The l te Bishop Perry , of elbourne , used to ecture A ll the rea sons whi ch im pelled the e a rly federation of a i ali as m upon the Providence of God in ret rding the d scovery of Austr a before divergent interests incre ed in nu ber , in al a l a a m h ad a nd m xi a a l gold Austr i unti p stor l settle ent progressed strength , co ple ty , pply to the desir bi ity of strength - e ni n a i a m o n a nd suffi ciently to provi e a foo suppl for the in thronging g the Feder l power , by giv ng it ho e of its n , d d y

- a a m a a a l i i wa m i a a a . sep r ting it fro the St te ren , in the on y d gn fied y ultitude of gold seekers wh ch th t discovery ttr cted o ssibleg n am e l a e a a a in a v n m m a p y , by pl cing the F der l c pit l The Pro idence of God is infi itely ore rked in the truly

- a a m a m a a a a an d m a thoroughly self cont ined loc lity , independent in every respect rvellous co bin tion of dv nt ges circu st nces ca n d a of every St ate . This only be one by giving the Fe er l Ba and m a a as i and d centreing in Twofold y Bo b l , d stinctly over a a a a s e a a nd a ll c pit l its own g tew y to the , thereby to the whelmingly reservi ng th at loca lity a s the only suit able pla ce world . on the v ast continent of Austr alia for the Federal Port a nd a a a i a a a al i are a m as m an The prob bility th t Feder tion wil l evolve un fic tion Feder l C pit , wh ch du l require ents such no m a d a nd i a a should not be lost sight of in selecting , not erely the site of should put sun er , wh ch c nnot be found nywhere else m a F u th the a a a a . e th e a a . Feder l c pit l , but the e ns of ccess to it ture in whole of Feder ting St tes

m ine nt Fe de a is E r l ts .

No . 3 .

T h e Ri h t H o no u ra ble Si r a m u e l W a lk e r G riffith G C M g S . . , . G

C h e f J u s tice o f u e e ns l i Q a nd .

R a The ight Hon . Sir S muel Wa l ker Griflith whose portra it m to as , ent the Bench Chief J ustice . He bec am e Attorney no w m a we reproduce , is undoubtedly one of the ost prom inent a 187 4 a n d a Gener l of Queensl nd in , ret ined th a t position till a m a a w 1 7 m n h a 8 8 . ong Austr li n publ ic e o h ve contribute d in their the end of From 1 87 6 to 187 9 h e also fi lled the positi on a a m m a an a i sever l fields of effort to the cco plish ent of Austr li of Secret ry for Publ c Instruction . From 1 878 to 1879 he

. a e as Union ct d Secret ary for Public Works ; and in the l a tter ye a r am L ad was 2 1 3 t J 1 845 a t T fi bec e e er of the Pa rli am entar Opposition whi ch posi He born on the une , , Merthyr y d l, y , a Wa a 1 883 . . As hi s a m W tion he ret ined up to the e r In the m ea ntim e 1 879 . y les n e betokens , he is of elsh descent He ( ) was f and a a am a a. 1 85 4 an d a f a a he o fered refuse se t on the Supreme Court Bench c e to A ustr li in , ter st y of two ye a rs at Ips d h a n w a a . am mi , o a m a of Queensl nd He bec e Pre er of Queensl a nd in 1883 wic in wh t is Queensl nd , ttended for six onths , M an d th e l 1 888 a a i r . R H o rnM a n . A held position til , in which ye r he resigned offi ce Sydney School est bl shed by obert fter , a nd a a a m L a at M a a a a O a nd i three ye rs the itl nd High School , under the He d g in bec e e der of the pposition , so cont nued 18 till 90 . v W . M I nt re m a R e . c stership of the y , he proceeded to the i r 1 863 at a e 1 7 h e o 1 883 a a Un ve sity of Sydney , where in , the g of , t ok In he ttended the Feder l Convention of th a t ye ar ' - a t a his r W fi rst a a and m a , nd am a m A ts degree , ith cl ss honours in cl ssics the Sydney bec e Me ber of the Federa l Council at its

m atics . a e 1 9 i o 6 5 a M a l n 1885 . w At the g of r )he g ined the ort Tr vel i g i nception in He as re a ppointed to th at position in 1 888 , - n and at a e 2 2 186 7 was a l a d 1891 . 1886 a Fellowship , the g of ( ) he c l ed to the in In he bec m e Cha irm a n of the St an ding C mm a B a r . was a a ca a a an d Queensl nd He fterw rds lled to the B rs of o ittee of the Feder l Council , filled the position of a 2 1 N e w South Wa les an d Victo ri a . At the ge of 5 ( 87 0) h e 1888 18 1 9 a n 189 . President in the sessions of , , d 3 1 7 a took the degree of M as ter of Arts . In 8 6 he took silk ; but al L in 1887 as He ttended the Coloni Conference in ondon , he id not confine hi m self to profession al work through a ll these a a an d was a d the represent tive of Queensl nd , ppointed the dele nine yea rs from the tim e of being ca ll ed to the Ba r and be co m a am th e a 1 g te for the s e colony to Feder l Conference of 890 , ’ Co 1 87 2 was L w i wa ing Queen s unsel ; for in he elected to the egis h ch s convened by Sir Henry P arkes for the purpose of a m a an d ai his m m a i min a l tive Asse bly of Queensl nd , ret ned e bership t k ng the preli ry steps towa rds frami ng a Federal Con all a m a stit utio n the through the intervening ye rs, up to the ti e of his ppoint for the union of Austra lia n Colonies . In the EM I NEN '' I E D ER ISTS — ' F AL , . 3 Su h m cnl I o No pp l § I T PI I l l u mn a .“ J ul 20 ltlu l A y , ,

8 ' T H E R IG T H 0 \ 1 1 S M E L R T . P m p l El S L D H A U G IFFI H ( u or Q A N ).

o P u blis hed by p e rmiss io n of Ta lm a (0 C .

20 9 1 0 1 . July , N D T U ITE AUS RALIA .

1891 - Convention of was the o he chosen Vice President of Con f min a l s ‘ ‘ e ent Feder ist . on two grounds : l l l s t bec a us e of t he ve ntio n as as , , well Ch a irm a n of the Constitutiona l Comm ittee m a fore ost p rt which he took in the C onve ntion of 189] in and was if he one of , not , the m ost promi nent among the . f a m t he llill was t ma a e r ing which ul i tely dopt d , as well a s am was a fr ers of the Constitution which dopted by th a t C o u the a of singul rly lucid ex positions which ho umdc to the m e m ve n tio n . 1 890 m In he j oined Sir Tho as M cI lwra ith in forming b a b m ers of th t ody of its ost i m p o rtn n t pro vi s io ns ; s econd ly a al m i the co ition Govern ent , in wh ch he held general o lfi ce s a th e m on ccount of do in a ting :i u t li o riiy whi c h he has undou bt a - a a n of Ch ief Secret ry , Attorney Gener l , d Prem ier and he e dl a n ; y , d b a m be e t exercised een d itted to n itled to exercise , m ai in l 18 re ne office til 93 when he was a ppointe to the a t d , d s a s t he m every subsequent t ge of the hi tory of ovement , i J office of Ch ef ustice : the s a la ry of th a t office being Speci lly w a a n a dillicult t s e henever y constitution l y prese nted i l f. a at a m m m 2 5 r ise the s e ti e , fro £ 00 to £35 00 a yea r a the T he d . t b F a su j ect of eder tion p as se d through th re e im port a nt a a O . I n 1892 — inst nce of the le der of the pposition , at his m a i n l 8 UU a odern ph ses , the ye r of the C onference in 18 91 ; , a L a m inst nce , the egisl ture re ove the prohi bition which a lso a d ( , f C a nd 18 97 - 8 a the ye r of the irst onvention ; in , the d te of m h ad m 1 on his otion , been i posed in 885 ) ag ainst the intro duc f a C w the the in l onvention , in hich c o ns titution to o k its ul t i a a a m a tion of Polynesi n l bour for the sug r industry ; the Colony of te form . The genera l i m pression a mong thos e wh o ca m e a a t a Queensl n th t tim e being rega r e from a commercia l i m m d d d , nto i edi a te cont a ct with Sir S a mu e l (i rillit li during these a as a m a a st ndpoint , in so ewh t critic l position . as a m a t a s three ph es is th t his ind , or le t his conceptions , in a In reg r to the num erous honours which h ave been co n d a a u ndc c nt a a m bc~ reg rd to Feder tion , not ble develop ent am a a ferred upon Sir S uel Griffith , th t of d tes from w C 1890 a nd th t een the onference of e Convention of 18 9l . 1886 a o f m 1895 a d , th t fro , n the Privy Councillor m a It y be sa id of the subj ect of our s k e tch th a t whil s t m ship fro the beginning of the present ye ar . Sir Henry Pa rkes bre a thed the spirit of the scheme of Aus am ff m a 1 8 70 a a J a m Sir S uel Gri ith rried in d ughter of es u a o n io n am was o n m tr ll n , Sir S uel G riffith e of the ost pro m m C m m Tho son , for erly o issioner of Crown La n s a t M a itla nd d , , m inent a mong those wh o e mbod ied it in constitutiona l fo rm ;

. S. W . N a n d no o ne wh o studies the p a rt which he took in the Confer a m l ha s a as a a nd Sir S ue Griffith ever been reg rded keen 1890 a nd m m a in 1891 ence of , the sche e which he for ul ted , re s a am a a a n ourceful P rli ent ri n , d as one possess ing a speci a l ca n f a il to o bserve the re sults of a very deep study of the — a a m a lm — a m f culty ounting ost to genius for P rlia enta ry a whole question during the intervening period . The le rned dr aftsm a nship . Th a t he shou d h a ve succeeded in rea ching “ l , a ut h ors of the A nnota ted Constitution of the A ustra li a n and for m a ny ye ars reta ini ng so m a ny ex a lted positions which , Com monwea lth spea k of Sir Sa m uel Griffith as h a ving ta ken h ad a a a m a ttri ” their chief support in the popul r pprov l ust be a chi ef h and in the a ctua l dra fting of the Bil l of l 89l ; a nd it d m his n d a a a m a bute to the i pression of u doubte bility , r ther th n see s perti nent to this p rt of our sketch to point out briefly a a t m a m a w w to the possession of those ch r cteris ics which , in so ny the in differences bet een the schem e hich he then a a as a . h as a popul r le ders, serve substitute He not esc ped , fo rm ula te d an d th a t which is em bod ied in the existing con i l a a m a s tit utio n . 1891 a wa s a s dur ng his long pub ic c reer , the ch rge of ore th n once The dr ft (in the words of the uthor a a a and i n a a “ m a d pting his views to the popul r will , thus follow g , lre dy referred to) in so e few respects less essenti l ly mi a as a l a m a a : a i m a n w a a :n where he ght h ve served po itic l pilot ; but it can de ocr tic in its b sis c rcu st ce hich is n tur l , m a never be sa id th at h e h as system atica lly subordi na ted his o wn view both of the continuous developm ent of de ocr tic idea s m an d m m a im u lse th e a a j udg ent to tha t of the people in order to rem ain a t the of the ore co pletely popul r p of l ter st ges

of the Fe eral m ovem ent . al m . his a i s as d politic hel Indeed , whole person lity such to a a t was a a a and a a m as In the first pl ce , the Sen e proposed to be elected estr nge the ver ge voter , suggest the ide of ter b a P a a m was a m n mi by oth Houses of the St tes rli ents ; there no r tio ful ind, which keeps its own cou sel , which is deter ned establishe between the t wo ouses ; plural voting wa s not a its wa an d d d H to h ve own y , is isposed to resent opposition in a m as a a e was mi its ff prohibited , in s uch e ch St t left to deter ne the e ort . As a public spe a ker Sir S am uel is neither eloquent own fr a nchi se there was no provision for a joint sitting of his an m a m al hi s a ; nor fluent ; nor is voice by y e ns usic , inton a a l a nd a i Ye t the two Houses in the event of de d ock ; the Sen te tion be ng such as to provoke ra ther tha n soften criticism . m a x s a ll m was in ah re spects ore powerful th n under the e i ting th ese shortco ings , being in the nature of h andicaps to

a a re i a a i constitution . popul r success , d stinct tributes to his re l bil ty in The 1891 constitution did not esta blish a Federa l Suprem e other an d ultim a tely m ore effectu a l directions . Court but left th a t to be done by the Federa l P a rli ament . Sir S am uel Griffith m ay be sa id to h ave retired from the , “ a as a a a nd i a ar a W a L a a It cont ined no power to purch e the r ilw ys ; it con pol tic l en , ith the dvent of the bour, or ultr s a as a m a a ali a a am s and a t ain e d no such provision a th t which is known the Br d de ocr tic p rty , to Austr n P rli ent ; it is little — C aus m mm w a its question able whether hi s personality with its attitude of ind e don l e , li iting the Co on e lth in expenditure of

m . p e nde nce a nd its un doubted ai r of intellectua l a loofness the Custo s revenue M oreover a lthough the origina l draft provi e for a dis would h a ve adm itted of a repetition of hi s successes under the , d d a i a l m at altered conditions of p a rty m a na gem ent an d leadership : for no tribution of the surplus ccord ng to popul tion , the u ti e form adopted in the 1 891 Bill was tha t of a distribution of one who has ca refu lly studied the sinuous and undulating 1891 a fUl surplus a ccording to contribution . Further , the dr ft courses of poli tic a l a ction adopted by the m ore succesS “ f a m a a a L a did not provide de initely for the se t of G overn ent being politic l le ders of the l rger colonies, since the bour

a Ne w Wa . a am ca n a a m ay loc ted in South les p rty c e upon the scene , dou bt th t wh t be “ w a h as - a n d a But not ithst nding these d ifferences , it been truly term ed a bee lin e policy in points of consistency politic l , “ a and e s sa id th at in the f rst dra ft o 1891 the whole foun tion soundness would h ave fa iled to win continuous support . Unl s i f d ” a a nd m ra m ework of the present constitution were cont ine , Sir S am uel Grifii th h a d been prep ared to subordi nate so e of f d in — t h e a uthors of the work a lre ady referred to a re ustifie his strongest ch ara cteristi cs which is a ve ry doubtful suppo j d “ - the a a — w s a ing th a t in Spite of imperfection , fi rst r t st n s sitio n hi s ca reer at a later d a te in Austra li a n history ould y , d f d m w d m the a m a a a s a convincing m onu ent of the is o st tes nl ike h a ve been of a m uch less successful order . It is only f ir , too ,

m . a a a bility a nd th e p a triotism of its fra ers in a biogra phi c a l notice which aim s at honest n lysis , , d a m a a a There a re other incidents in the history of the fe er to say th a t in our opinion it is by no e ns cert in th t , l m G rifli th as a m m am a as m ovem ent which point to Sir Sa uel ong its even i n the sam e ti es , Sir S uel would h ve been pre 188 9 w H a es was m ost prom inent fi gures . In , hen Sir enry P rk em inent in the la rger and older coloni es as he in Queens a nd the t e revived his interest in the question , brought it into l and ; for the political com petition has undoub edly been l ss a a nd co n fiel of pra ctica l politics he first visited Brisb ne , keen in th at in which he h as succeeded tha n in either of the d , ‘ fi ne w Victo ria 0 1 SOUt h ferred with Sir S am uel G rif th before delivering his histo colonies of N e w South Wa les and q even a ll wh o fie ld . , , a a m a rica l Te nt e r speech It is wel l known too by Austra li a . Both of the l rger colonies h ve produced ny m m a f las t tli irt a re familiar with the e arly history of the ove ent th t very able m e n during their politic a l history O the y y a the a it m ay s a i d a Sir S am uel Griffi th fre quentl forw rded suggestions to ye a rs ; whilst in reg ard to Queensl nd . be th t - a w i raith and C a l a 1897 1 898 convention in reg rd to questions h ch a m f m a M cI lw , Sir rles e der of the Sir S uel G ri fith , Sir Tho s h were under discussion a nd th at h e was often asked for his am C rifiith . , Lilley h a d the field to them selves . Sir S uel is in m m m as la ce i n any a opinion and advice on the ore co plex proble s they our opinion entitle t o a very prom inent p g l ery , d l 20 UN US RALIA . J 2 0 1901 . ITED A T uly ,

. . a r arose We all know , too , that at a critic l stage in the pas vantage by living du ing so much of his life in a community as sage of the Commonwealth Bill through the Imperial Parlia of circumscribed ideals and conceptions , well as by reason a his ment Sir Samuel G riffi th forwa rded a telegram to Mr . Ch m of not being constantly subj ected to the wholesome friction

be rlain to C A fl his . One i in regard the Privy ouncil ppeal p rovisions , and con ict with minds as capable as own nstance which is said to have greatly assisted in solvin g the existing of this fact is to be foun d in his surprisingly imperfect grasp

dim cu lt . H e s l l . y gave timely a sistance , also , in bringin g per of economic and socio ogical aws We may refer to two par suasion to bea r on Western Australia at th e moment when it ticular examples : a pamphlet issued many years a go i n seemed doubtful whethe r she would j oin hands with h e r Q ueensland , in which some truly Utopian and impracticable sister colonies in forming a complete Australian federal circle . ideas in regard to society (in the political sense) w ere seri t i h Perhaps the most valuabl e and significan tribute wh c o u s ly promul gated the other a theo ry of industrial institu “ ” the th e ro fit— has been paid to federal services of the subj ect of our tions of p sharing , order put forward in an examina sketch was that which wa s involved in his inclusion in H e r tion about ten years ago before th e R oyal Commission app o in ’ l ate M ajesty s Most H onourable Priv y Council at the moment ted ih New South Wales to investigate the subj ect of in dust rial ’ f i a i o Austral ia s rej oicing ove r the consummat on of her sp ra strikes .

. i l fi tions for national union Nevertheless , when eve ryth ng is said , Sir Samue Grif th No biographical sketch of Sir Samuel G riffith woul d be stands out as an u ndoubted fi gure in Australi an history : he m r m r a co plete wh ich did not refer to his truly stupendous work of h as never taken pa t in any i po t nt p ubl ic conference , con th e a : ve nt io n i codifyin g crimin l laws of his own State a work which , or other movement , w thout leaving behin d h im a a n d his l i e argues intellectual capacity of a truly heroic nature , is deep mark of his energy , his earnestness , m asterfu nt l

h a . h is : wort y of applic tion to a larger community lect , an d distinct ind ividual ity an d his whole career , ’ Si r s l a nd h h as e l i i But with all Samuel Griffi th s power as a awyer w ich been undoubt d y br lliant , certa nly distinguishes — politician with all his j ust claims to be co n sidered a j urist him as one of those who shoul d occupy a conspicuous position “ ” a c th e and a st tesman (an d we use these terms in no indiscriminate among , what Lord Ba on woul d have called , great places — l . sense) h e ha s undoubtedly suffere d some intellectual disa d of our Commonwea th

. ‘ It is assumed by the author that neither Queenslan d Bus tralian p ublicatio ns . nor South A ustralia can give up entirely their narrow gauge The F ede ra l Ca p i ta l o f A u stra li a i s the title of a lecture ” trun k lines , on account of the cost of transforming them , delivered before the R oyal Geographical Society of Austral and b ecause of the limited exten t of the traffi c upon them . A i a i asia, at Melbourne , in pril of th s ye r, and now publ shed The fight is , therefore , red uced (we are told) to a con

b F re dk . D . C . E . i pamph et m y Gipp , , i dv y n l for s n a ocac of flict between the t wo wid e gauges of V ictoria an d New F l . W. the Lake George district of N S. as a site for the ede ra South Wales ; and , apart from other reasons , the New South

. l l Seat of Government Th e ear y part of the ecture (which \ i V ales gauge is preferred because , wh le the V ictorian lines appears to h ave been ill ustrated by lan tern sli des) deals in can be changed by the addition of rails , the broadening of t h e be au t ie s n somewhat picturesque language with of V e ice , the N e w South Wales rai lw ays would require everything to E Lucerne, Como , and other lake towns of urope , and the Th e ll be widened at enormous cost . fo owin g table is given p ractical character of the proposal is further lessened by of the proposed results of adopting two gauges m ’ “ H l ” i quotations fro Byron s Childe aro d , an d ncidental ’ “ ” l R a i i references to Moore s La la oo kh , fter wh ch d ssertation “ the lecture r blan dly p roceeds : H aving establi shed the supe riority of a lake aspect for th e site of a federal capital 1 7 7 Lake George is miles from Sydney , on a branch line — ' o m afi n 441 i ne T al 2 34 ) m le that running to C o a d from Melbourne . ot i s 490 watershed of the lake enclosed an area of square miles , Th e transformation of the gauges of Queenslan d (1 2 70 16 and the lake itself covers acres , being miles long Victo ra mi ), d d S th A t i (361 0 mi e ) t — les an of an ou us ral a l s , o by about 7 broad ; but it has been twice dry in 1 81 1) that of New South Wales , woul d involve an expen diture of “ 1 849 ~ . Th e n i s and , d ue to evaporation sce ery aroun d pic and the transform ation of the gauges of Queens tu re s u e w q , but the ate r is brackish , wh ich , however , together (1 2 7 0 ) 25 30 land miles , of New South Wales ( miles), an d South ’ g . \Ve i . with the d ryin up , can be cured don t th nk M r A a (490 r ustr l ia miles), to that of V icto ia , would cost Gipps makes a strong case for hi s site ; but the lecture seems t h ve ee m h pp e i ted . o a b n uc a r c a re i e e t In gard to the time req u r d for compl ion , the w author conside rs that the adoption of the N e w South Wales

The Un a ti n o the A us t a lia n R ai lwa Ga u es gauge could e 1 2 ific o f r y g is the be complet d in months , whilst the adoption a Vcto rian . . J . P z t t e t ti p mph et y S o lli t e r C . E . of the gauge woul d require t reble that period . i l of a subs an al l b Mr , R Th e k (George obertson and on the subj ect indicated . Pass interest on the cost of th e wor , into which the

ing over the somewhat strange idioms which are excusable author has fully en tered , is only a matte r of calculation .

. P o llitze r in a foreigner , we do not hesitate to pronounce the l ittle Mr does not profess to be absolutely accurate hi s work a most painstakin g effort to clarify a very difficult in fi gures , but he does profess to have worked the whole ‘

. The subj ect author explains at the outset that the work question out fully and carefully , as also impartially ; a nd he r R a requi ing to be done in connection with the ilway system concludes with a t ribute to t he late M r . E ddy who he says , , , si m li ca t n u n i i i e of Australia is rather that of p fi io than fica tion too k a deep and active nterest in th s qu stion . , " because A ustralia has not the means of unifying the three M u sin i n DI elo d' R g y ( r A . T n o r — s obe t hompson and C o . Me , l gauges , , if she had , would the sparsely populate d co n t e c . ” , , ) — - t ine nt n bourne Sydney is the title of an artistical ly got up warrant such an additional giga tic expenditure . ' " ” . T T m u st th e little brochure of verse by Mr Lambert hompson . An , . here author contends , be two gauges ‘ ’ ’ The author s note quotes from a letter from the Poet Laureate : following table explains the condition of the Aus “ a t rali a n l 1 897 th e I sh ll regard it as an agreeable an d significant lin k between rai ways in , when matter of the pamphlet ’ the highe t e A t l i d the ite t e the u as evidently compiled ; r cul ur of us ra a an L ra ur of Motherland d the th s “ an au or mode tly continues : I h ave only to ad d that , however t unworthy , I rust that these ve e i d thi i i me i ght deg ee e rs s w ll forwar s un on n so sl r . W l r C o u . o ’ “ te ( the eade no for r r s own j udgment) a stan za of the fi rst “ poem : On the erection of a Statue of the Queen ” a n d Stately this bearing , this noble brow , i Wh ch visibly all queenly parts fulfi l ; A y lwa s beloved , but even more loved now , And this enth rones o n ’ l he r her people s wil , Totals An d gives more grace th a t all f ai r forms im part , A nd q ee ie — he p e d ki d y he t u nl r for r ur an n l ar .

0 3. T [ UNITED S LI . J l 2 I 0 l 90 l . AU RA A u y ,

ha s i i G n l vi if he not alrea dy done so , and form some defin te opin on side overnment control ; and not o ly wi l the cost of l i ng mi s the wh o as to its econo c soun dness , as well as to its justice as a be proportionately increa ed in case of those receive

. s s wh o principal to the people as a Whole the artificial minimum w age , but al o to tho e , by reason W t h e it h regard to government of the country , whether it of the form which th eir remuneration takes , do not so receive

e i b t , t w t he i that of a St ate , or th at of the Commonwealt h , there cannot t hus hro ing upon them extra cost of l ving and the

i t . be two honest opinions ; for the simplest intell igence , if extra taxation necessa ry to m ainta n the sys em — i te as . impartially d rec d , must recognise it a most gl aring illus There is a furthe r evil perhaps the most serious of all “ ” — be h i r e tratio n of class legislation . By class l egislation must The time onoure d an d un ve sally recognised incentiv to

- understood legislation which m akes for the benefit of a section greater skill and integrity , for want of which in the British n i kma , the ati a e aid t e ve taki g the ma of the people at the expense of their fellow cit zens , whilst wor o r n ons r s o b o r n nu fa ctu rin G failing to provide a simil ar advantage for other sections of the g interests of reat Britain . is the desire to earn a h e people wit h equal claims to consideration on th e p art of the greater share in the money result of t work done ; but if o a thi y tem mi im m age i t e ad pted , t ha t i nce n Governm ent of the country . s s s of a n u w s b o

ive i e g e ; the i ex pe ie ed , the ki the It must be assumed as an axiom of good government t hat t w ll b on for n r nc uns lful , th e a re i all class es of t he communi ty who are legitimately engage d in ca reless . the idle . and stupid , h av ng demanded for

f t h o se hem he ame m ey e a d as the expe ie ed , the ki fu one or other of the innumerabl e channels o compl ex t t s on r w r r nc s l l , . a i the painstaking , the industrious , and the cl ever workm n ; activit es called commerce and industry , are equally entitled

e f r there is to be no distinction , no paying by results , no extra to what ver b enefits can be con erred by the Gove nment , or t e a d p fi i y , geme t o d ette t by the admini strative authorit ies which have the government r w r for ro c enc no encoura n o b r , or o di ve a ette ay ! behind them ; and it must be conceded also that every citizen sco r b r w t r re How his system can b e reconciled with a d esire to be ne fit who contributes owards the revenue of the count y , as th e m a n the h as l working , in encoura ging devotion to h is work , in quired by the l egislature , an equa right with other classes t he o f th a e hi ki , i deve pme hi ha a t to any distribution of funds which may t ake place . fur er nc of s s ll n lo nt s c r c er , — h e i i gi g a t a hi ghe ta da d km hip s L abour of all kinds whether it be of the hands or of t or n br n n bou r s n r of wor ans , o h h e k t at he , an d the country to which b elongs , may the more head , whether it be skilled or uns ill ed , purely intellectu al , or t he simply mechanical ; whether it be exercised at the st age of easily hold h is and its own , against the workmen and i o f i s i a ndust ries ot her countries , , in deed , an economic and a el e mentary production of someth ng from the soil , in the m nu moral conund rum . facture of the tools by which th at something is produced , or in t h e supply of the n ecessa ries of life for those who are engaged in either form of production ; whether it be in the N o te s b a J o u rn a lis tic Dio e ne s m y g . carriage of either com odity to m arket , or in the sal e or negotiations for t he sal e. or shipment abroad or from abroad T n}: peculiar s u p e rfi cia lity of j udgment which rega rds

" ” i -s to s o - ) th e of any of those commod ties , or of the element essential the Brad don blot (erroneously called as increasing i v their production ; whether the ind idu al be a labourer or a financial diffi culties of th e Federa l Legisl ature , persists in a ide a ge th ght , th a i ti d gi ative , , , w r n of ou bo journ l s c an le sl tradesman a clerk or a shopkeeper , a b anker or a shipowner — a n where it ought never to h ave been manifested , much less engineer or a sailor , a doctor or a l awyer l abour of all n kinds is equally essential to bring about the resulta nt effect of continued up to now . The fi ancial exigencies of the States i l producing nation al wealth which shall ult imately percolate created the Bra ddon cla use , wh ch is real y the Hol der if d all cl ause ; an d it had not been embodied in the Fe era l through the numberless channels of industry and commerce , t N e w W Constitution , not a single Sta e , except South ales , and reach in their several turns , and in the respective pro its E th e t he could have venture d to pool Customs and xcise in portions agreed upon , those wh o have cont ribute d to

r . Fede a t a i O i th y had , the di e ta g eme t that ultim ate result . r l ff r f e s n n l n of e E r o f an d poolin g woul d have set all the Stat s quarrelling with the ve y form labour , in this broad j ust sense of the e m a nd Federal L egislat ure , and have p aralysed t he whole usefuln ss term , becomes a marketable com odity ; in a free com 1 2 th the Fede a H e at ea t m th , a d munity each indivi dual is at l ib e rty to select h is own form of of bo r l ous s for l s on s n ~ so o n ' as a n o probably for the duration of the fi rst House of Representa occupation , an d , as he c d so , sell his pa rt icular v form of labour for the largest equivalent that he can obtain t i e s . The Brad don cla use can be demonstrated to be a h lu ‘ s o te l y the key e the a h Fede ati . for it ; and no citizen is re qu ire d by any Government action ston of rc of r on to give for any such labour a larger sum than it is valu e d at in the free and open market of t h e community in which The courtesy of t he Legislature of the State of Victoria it is p ha ed . urc s in giving the Federal E xecutive its choice of th e State

The theory of a min imum w age , as now being advocated m Parliament Houses , or of the legislative cha bers temporarily is not sought to be applied to all , or even any substantia l i n E b h as constructe d the xhi ition Buil ding . not been acknow i number , of the nnumerable classes of citizens who h ave been a ledged , as it should h ave been , by the membe rs of the Feder l e m n am d , but only to such of them as do a nu a l work for t h e he l . t Houses , both individ ua ly and collectively O n con G ve nment o the u nt o r f co ry ; and inasmuch as the rate of the t ra r b y , whatever comment the re has een upon the t ransaction min imum is invariably higher than the same can be purchased has taken the form of querulous com plaini ng an d suspicious i at in the open market of the commun ty , it s concession by a t imputa ions of sharp practice . Public men should honour G a i a M iniste r or a overnment amounts to ver t ble gift of th e l themselves by honouring each othe r , especia ly in their col a f extra p ay , over and above m rket value , out of unds which le ctive apa itie a egis ative die . l c c s s l l bo s b e ong to every citizen alike and to a sha re of which , in such r a gra tuitous dist ibution , he is equally entitled . The adoption 800 c as The odd pages of H a nsa rd. occupied by the debates of such a practice is , therefore , l s treatment of the most v i th Fede a e p th e Mi i te ia pee h deliv ed unmistakable cha racter , which results in gi ing a small num n bo r l Hous s u on n s r l s c er G - G - ber of citizens th at whi ch belongs to others ; which pauperises by the overnor eneral a re inte resting reading , but they r l “ those to whom it has been given ; and sets up a standard of present a fo mid able task t o what is generally cal e d the " ma i the t eet . The de ate ha ha d g eat e e value for one form of labour , which the economic cond itions n n s r b s r us fuln ss ” t " t h e t . of the communi y do not j us ify If the principle be adopted as p ractically a march past , with each membe r (except a s ) a n d all t h e in reg rd to one cla s , then every other citizen is entitled to one on his legs , each Press representative , and receive out of the coffers of t he State the something addi officers of Parliament (including t he H a nsa rd repo rters) at t io n a l “ beyond the market value of his pa rticular form of the saluting base . This was rea lly a ve ry necessa ry taking ” i labour and if such a thing were possible and practicable it stock , not only of opin ons and ab ilities , but of the voice , . s a nd woul d amount to a nation al los ; for every citiz en would have appea rance of each member . The work of legisl ation m u all to pay in taxes out of one pocket as much as he was able to proceed the easier for this mental lubrication . put into the other . So much as to the adoption of the p rin i “ i ci le h p t e . t is by Government But here a still greater inj ury r ' The Federal Houses have shown a lack of cou t esy to the f r this x done to the commun ity ; o fi in g of an artifici a l standard K in g and to t he Imperial Government by not acknowledgin g , of va lue by such an authority , h as led , and will st ill further t he messages sent by both to the Federal P arl iament . The lead . to the deman d being made by every form of labour o ut Prime Minister (M r . Barton) with incredible nescience in J 20 190 1 uly , . UNI ED T AUSTRALIA . 2 3

t he h di g hi p i i , aid m ag t t t he s d he o one ol n s os t on s ess es were sen o . a n t had o n nll t he c hu rn: n ve ll . nipped hedge country t o , of v - , who i t G ve G a , d t , d s d ita p y . I t was t llu l b e e o rnor ener l no oub woul en su ble re l , ut wm o f l ii u b r u nd t h cer ainly there plenty , . s a id t he id Si R i ha d a k am hi g . The r w I s d t s Pres ent r c r B er s e t n villages th ough hich pa sed Were old a n pic ure que . — “ G e nc ra l t he ff a t - — lu ne li e d r ‘ ' e G overnor is merely o ici l le ter currier n ve ry l luxu iously o n bread a nd v luft h l a nd beer in th

-cd ~ in a ll e bu r s um ” in n u u d to i t lil l le t l w r exalt one , no doubt such matters . between t h K ing of a , resolved go fur her be o tu n b an d t he in uc k . u l. le n l h bu d fu r I t u n and his Ministers Federal Pa rliament . The latter g g l gone enough , urned p

a t to m ud wa s s d t o Iind , . i n a ig a g pa i g . a n v d should have adopted both Houses , a joint add ress or l ne r ht n les the l s n resol e wa u l ' ‘ u l l l n l ro u t . ll is u l l u ha s t ed a nd my y back by e a long l ne n no urn ad d resses in acknowl gment of both messages , t he - in lun l o G e n l , , c ha d o f its wn . G overnor cra should have sent t hem o n wit h a ll d ue g but this several each of whi h turnings le d as I t r t wo m int o m wha i g a y , d y y i . official ce re ony ; but t right has he t o frame a reply o n wh ch ener ll foun b ng or three of the ? the s o p ma . T i d a 1 v d t y p behalf of Pa rliament a breach of privilege is here o en rshes hen t re of l nes re ol e rel u on , t he s i no ll c s u - u d mpa i m " I V i . a n g m as well as a te rriblc neglect of that historical d igni ty which o s wh ch hung fro w teli ch n o ho e s acro s country . should have ensh rined t hese fi rst , and probably sole , direct [ t t he um ruh o s in l e ad g i i , i K ne w e h ot Well n o when wh fog wh ch communicat ions between the ing and his Minist rs , and ha d e t im e t e e d e o f t h e ne w been for Som hovering round h g ditches . w ‘ Pa rliament for the Common ealth of Australia , and u r o r d w b a id t s cu . a s it u t t he beg n g adually p There no escaping , by between Imperia l Government. a nd t he two Houses of was d ( o u r u nd of my compass l save from making a circular , fel l t he Fede ral Parliament of t he Commonwealth of Australia ! t in t he . instead into frozen ditches . or stumbled over roo s grass e And the sa me remarks apply to the utt r ignorance . by both ’ I WM kept my course , until at four o clock , when night

R . H H . t h D Houses , of t he presence and words of . e uke of to ha nd to the l was ' mi g apid y p d a g , ai Y ‘ co n r l u len fo f n to confess Cornwall and ork as His Maj esty s High ( o m m is s io n e r to myself lost open t he fi rst Pa rliament of the Commonwea lth of Australia . s t T he s was no w to a nd compa s no good me , l wandered - t o w Not even the G overnor G ene ral has been asked rite a o n the about miserably , occasionally giving a shout chance of sheet of notepap er acknowledging services unexam pled in the being heard by Some passing shepherd or farm hand . At length ’

. Th e world s history contemptuous record in the Federal by great good luc k I found my feet o n a rough road d riven a nsa d a s n o w t H r , it stands , is a direct insul to t he Heir the a nd w through marshes , by alking slowly and tapping with ; h it App arent and the absence of any record at all in the Brit is my stick managed to keep to it . I had followed for some o w a d — t H r of these highest epoch making Imperial t ransac ions distance when I heard footsteps approaching me . 999th c cve rv as we the ne w is deplorable to the degree of disgra efulness to stopped met , and arrival , a sturdy

. th e w d a me inhabitant of the Commonwealth And all from ant looking countryman , hearing of my plight , walke b ck with for

w o ne. , me to d , of t he commonest instincts of courtesy , hich suburban nearly a mile , and putting on a roa gave me minute instruo ho w . cricket club of schoolboys would show to anothe r one . tions to reach a village some three miles distant “ was t t e n I so tired hat three miles sounded like , and , besides wa o f t he s a w te that , a little y from road I dimly a ligh d window . it I pointed out , but my companion shuddered and looked round f ictio n. h im uneasily . ’ ’

e t he . You won t g no good there , said , hastily Wh no t T h r a T y I asked . e e t a ble . ’ ’ t is There s a something there , sir , he replied ; what I ’ n u to a a m cke e e r d dunno , but the little belonging g p , as use to live in i a W \V s e e t w s . BY . S , , . JACOB . these parts it and never much good afterwards ’ ' as it s Some say it s a poor mad thing , others says as a kind of co r r m o H i t [ ’ ] ’

it se e . animal ; but whatever is , it ain t good to the f had ’ ’ ’ The talk in Cof ee Room been of ghosts and apparitions , ( f d . o n . o o I ll keep then , I said night h and nearly everybody present had contributed his mite to t e st0 ck his He went back , whistling cheerily until footsteps died of information upon a hazy and somewhat threadbare subject . in t he h e away the distance , and I followed road had indicated Opinions ranged from rank incredulity to child - like faith : o ne until it divided into three , anyone of which , to a stranger , might

i ve g i g a a de ie a impi , a d was no w a nd bel e r o n so f r s to nounce unbel f s ous n be said to lead straight o n . I cold tired and having a W i mp y q i g i E d , m a ma d y h l - tr u h ntl uot n the tch of n or so ewh t rre b a f made up my mind walked slowly back towards the house . i g mp i a d in a i xp i a e a i i y “ be n co l c te n ne l c bl f sh on w th the stor of At first all I e o nld se e of it was the little pa tch of light Jonah . . it at the window I made for that until disappeared , and I wa Talking of Jonah , he said solemnly , with a happy disregard suddenly found myself walking into a tall hedge . I felt my y s t o i it of the fact that he had declined to answer several eager que round this until I came a small gate , and open ng cautiously , hi m v tions put to on the subject , look at the strange tales sailors walked , not without some little ner ousness , up a long path which

"

. l e d . wa s no a nd m . tell us to the door There light , no sound fro within ’ " bluf - a I wouldn t advise you to believe all those, said a , clean Half repe ting of my temerity , I shortened my stick , and knocked

Yo u the . shaven man , who had been listening without speaking much . lightly upon door ’ l ai d a p mi a d k k d agai , a d see when a sai or gets ashore he s expected to have something to tell , I w te cou le of nutes n then noc e n n a nd if was the , and his friends would be rather disappointed he had not . my stick still beating door , when it suddenly opened ’ ” m e e . ~ i m a tall , bony old woman , holding a candle , confront d It s a well known fact , interrupted the first speaker f r ly , ” ? ’ W o u ru fil . that sailors are very prone to see visions . hat do y want she demanded g y ' ’ ‘ ’ I ve wa the lost my y , I said civilly ; I want to get to They are , said the other dryly , y generally see them ’ - in A s h ville . pairs , and the shock to the nervous system frequently causes ” ’ ’ w D it the . k , aid d ma headache next morning . on t now s ol o n ? " “ She wa s the , You never saw anything yourself suggested an unbeliever . about to close door when a man emerged from ' I ve a room at the side of the hall and came towards us . An old man Man and boy , said the other, been at sea thirty

of great height and breadth of shoulder . years , and the only unpleasant incident of that kind occurred ’ " is i . A vi mi di a , aid y in a quiet English countryside . sh lle f fteen les st nt he s slowl m e y i di ea vi ag , a And that said another man . If ou w ll rect to the n rest ll e I sh ll be ’ th e grateful , I remarked . I was a young man at the time , said narrator , d rawing

- bu t h umo u r e dlv . He made no reply , exchanged a quick furtive glance at his pipe , and glancing good at the company I

o wn w t he . She d . had just come back from China , and my people being a ay I with woman ma e a gesture of dissent G “ ’ T he is o tf he l . went down into the country to invite myself to stay with an unc e nearest place three miles , said , turning to in na tu ra llv ; if When I got down to the place I found it closed and the family me , and apparently trying to soften a harsh voice du e in o u wi 1 th e South of France ; but as they were back a couple of days y give me the pleasure of your company , I will make you as

inn m a a a . I decided to put up at the Royal George , a very decent , and await co fort ble s I c n “ - i a d . T y e ai y a q ki g p : their return . I hes t te he wer cert nl ueer loo n cou le t i n a nd w d w The first day I passed well enough bu the evening the the gloomy hall , ith the sha ows thro n by the candle , looked

a th a n . in w th e , h rd ly more inviting the darkness outside dulness o f the rambling old place , hich I was only visitor ’ a re but w You very kind , I murmured , irresolutely , began to weigh upon my spirits , and the next mo ing after a late ’ i ’ l . n t he : w t Come , he said quickly ; shut door , Anne breakfast , I set out ith the inten ion of having a brisk day s wa k t was I starte d o ff in excellent spiri s , for the day was bright and Almost before I knew it , I standing inside , and the

- to he rse lf the old woman , muttering , had closed the door behind me , frosty , with a powdering of snow on iron bound roads and 20 190 1. 2 4 UNITED A USTR ALIA . July ,

7 wa m fi re li ht and a a a “ ith a a a m a s he sa w the r g , ppro ching the t ble queer sens tion of being tr pped , I followed y host into ut wn a e . m a nd a r f a a m m m ech anically p do coupl of bottles the roo , t king the p of ered ch ir w r ed y frozen fingers ‘ ’ a a a his , r I beg your p rdon , s id I , re ssured by presence at the fi e . c . re ’ bu t I ha ve a ccide nta overturned the s reen A ow we to D w o be a a m an a lly ll inner ill so n re dy , s id the ol d , reg rding ’ it ‘ pl ace t. me . o u me closely If y will excuse ’ W e a h ad a o ld m a n n it . No , s id the , ge tly , let be h ve wa a ’ w nd m . m u a I bo ed a he left the roo A in te fter rds I he rd ’ o u a . enough o f the dark . I ll give y light ’ h is a nd w ma a nd a a . voices ; the o d o n s , , I ncied , third Be ore “ T n s aw l f f He struck a m atch a nd slowly lit the candles . he I d m n a nd a I ha finished i spectio n of the room he returned , reg rded na o f a a : a au nt y tha t the man opposite had but the rem nt f ce g m e w the am a had ma ith s e str nge look I noticed before wo lfis h a o ne , f ce , in which unquenched eye the sole re ining ’ w a a t th re e at , wa s r a m o , m There ill be of us dinner, he s id length eature sti g ittered . I e t ved so e suspicion o f , ll l g ly f ’ W wo d m e t an so n. y the truth occurring to m e . ’ “ ’ ‘ a a and a a o n ; M was n d m a a o a g , I bowed g in , secretly hoped th t th t lo k did t y son i jure so e ye rs g in burnin house ‘ S a a . r in a m a m an. un the f ily . id the old Since then we h ve lived very retired life ‘ ’ ’ his c m a m n i n a a When ou ca me to the door \ve voi e tre b ed , th t is I suppose you don t i d dining the d rk , he s id y l m a brupt y son ly ' ’ ‘ ’ I a th e m a it a t a ll m a as thought , s id son si ply , th t would be better Not , I replied , hiding y surprise s , well I could , - t a m a . Bu ’ ’ ’ for m e not to come to the di nner t b e it h ppens to be y ll m e l a I m a a I m u . u a but re lly fr id intr ding If yo ll ow w a and m a w u d a m a , e ‘ V ’ birthd y , y f ther o l not he r of y dining lone so V r no t to a his a a . e e ’ He w ved huge g unt h nds going a a ( n a . I m ’ ’ ‘ ’ hit upon this foolish pl n of li ing in the d rk sorry I st rtled no w a w a a . lose you we ve got you , he s id , ith dry l ugh It s ’ you ’ m a m a a nd o u . ’ seldo we h ve co p ny , now we ve got you we ll keep y a m a a s a a a and I sorry , s id I , I re ched cross the t ble ’ ’ M a re bad and a a . Ah is y son s eyes , he c n t st nd the light , here his a a a m a was in gripped h nd , th t I such fool ; but it only ’ ’ . A nne the dark that you sta rtled i ne . “ h e the m a a nd m e “ ’ s spoke o d wo n entered , e eing , n m a n a nd a a A l y From a fa i t tinge in the old s cheek , cert in a a la m a a a ste thi y beg n to y the c oth , whi e y host , t king ch ir a m e l l l l pleasant softening of the poor solit ry eye in front of , I

at a sa t . the other side o the he rth , ooking si ent into the fire m a f l l ly secretly congra tul a ted myself upon this la st re rk . T he a m a in a a w a ’ t ble set , the old wo n brought p ir of fo ls re dy We a a man a l a never see friend , s id the old , po ogetic lly ,

a in a a nd a a m . T he ‘ c rved dish , p cing three ch irs le t the roo o d u s l f l and the temptation to have company wa s too much for . m an m m n m h is a a ’ ’ hesitated a o ent . a d then rising fro ch ir p ced l w a u a . Besides , I don t know h t else you co ld h ve done a arge screen i n front of the fire and s owl extinguished the ’ ’ l l y a I m a . Nothing else h lf so good , sure , s id I ’ a . c nd es - l C m a m with a m a air. o e , s id y host , l ost sprightly Now we ‘ ’ ’ m a he a m and ’ Blind an s holid y, s id , with clu sy jocosity , a a a a nd t s know e ch other , dr w your ch irs to the fire , le s keep thi wa i m am a ’ groping his y to the door opened t . So ebody c e b ck birthday in a proper fashion . m him a nd a w c a a a into the roo with , in slo un ert in f shion took m a a a nd He drew a s a ll t ble to the fire for the gl sses , a a t a and a a a se t the t ble , the str ngest voice I h ve ever he rd broke u a a a nd a a a a prod ced box of cig rs , pl cing ch ir for the old serv nt , wa s a w a m n . silence hich f st beco i g oppressive th e a was sternly bade he r to sit down and drink . If t l k not ’ h w e a . A cold night , s id slo ly a did no t lack a a nd we a s sp rkling, it for viv city , were soon a ma a nd l I replied in the ffir tive , light or no light , fel to m a a - a a The we re a erry p rty s I h ve ever seen. night on so r pidly with a n a ppetite which had on been sh arpened b the snack in the ly y that we could ha rd ly believe o u r ears when in a l u ll in the con

m da . was m w a fi a in a id dle of the y It so e h t dif cult , e ting the d rk a vers tion a clock i n the ha ll struck twelve . a nd was m a m n m a ‘ ’ it evident fro the beh viour of y i visible co p nions a a r we a m A l st to st befo e retire , s id y host , pitching the that they were as unu sed to dining under such circum stances as end of h is cigar into t he fire a nd turning to the sm a ll ta ble . w W i n as . e ate l ma I silence , unti the old wo n blundered into the W e had a but wa s m drunk sever l before this, there so ething m m a nd ut m a a a . ’ roo with so e sweets , p the with cr sh upon the t b e l im pressive i n the old m an s m anner a s he rose and took up his A re you a stranger about here enqu ired the cu riou s voice a . a u m a a nd his a as gl ss His t ll fig re see ed to get t ller , voice r ng a he g zed proudly at his disfigured s o n . the a ma a nd m m u d m n a u I replied in ffir tive ur re so ethi g bo t T he a m save d he a a nd he lth of the children y boy s id , my luck in stumbling upon such a good dinnei ” a a a t a a . ‘ ’ dr ined his gl ss dr ught m a a the Stu bling is very good word for it, s id voice ’ T H E E N D [ . m a a . gri ly you h ve forgotten the port, f ther ‘ ’ ‘ ’ a a man . a So I h ve , s id the old , rising It s bottle ’ - of the Celebrated to day ; I will get it m y self. “ his wa a nd it him He felt y to the door , closing behind , w me a o m . as m left l ne with y unseen neighbour There so ething, s o strange about the whole business tha t I m ust confess to m ore a n than a slight feeling of une si ess. a My host seemed to be absent a long tim e . I he rd the m a n la his a nd and a - a opposite y down fork spoon , h lf f ncied I could see m ’ a a a a . p ir of wild eyes , shining through the gloo like c t s “ With a growing sense of unea siness I p ushed my ch air

a . a a a nd m f a b ck It c ught the he rthrug, in y ef orts to disent ngle w a a a nd it the screen fell over ith cr sh , in the flickering light of the W fire I s aw the fa ce of the crea ture opposite . ith a sharp ca tch of my breath I left my chair a nd stood with clenched fists beside ? it . M an a wa s it T he a m a and or be st , which fl e le ped up then w n a nd m l i t e t out , in the ere red g ow of the fire looked more v i h de ill s th an before . For a fe w m oments we rega rded e ach other i n silence ; n an d m an then the door ope ed the old returned . He stood aghast I s m o m a o a wo a nd th e s t rve ll u s h tc h e r i n the rld , the

b s - fi nis h e d w - e t in e v e ry ay . C o n s u m e s o ne h a l f le s s o il

a n th n a y o the r. I t h a s a ga i n be e n a wa rde d F irst Pri ze

a a all o m o r a t th e R o a a S g in st c pe tit s y l A gric ultu r l h o w,

1 0 1 a o S a a t O ra a nd B a 1 0 1 . I 9 , l s pe ci l nge th u rst , 9 s

no t a h o t- a ir m a . N o d a if a m o o u t o f chine nge r, l p g e s , o I sp iling e ggs . s th e m o st e c o n o m ic a l In c uba to r o n

m a k a nd a wa T h ’ the r et , l y s gi v e s b ette r re s ults . e c o s t E tia i m Arzt s o gyp n , S on , P rt S aid . o f o il t o a 1 0 0 d . r o n k i h Carath anass is am h tch eggs , 9 Pu e c ppe r , o t m u ntz Tur s , , S e s . ’ m eu m a f r Al e rian Bert0 Co s. o a k . W g , , Al gers . et l , u s ed t n s ritte n gu a ra nte e fo r 1 2 m o nth s

. W fo r m a d ' o a n s . A N D M ST Or m za PP R O VE D R A N DS E NG IS M E A give n rite te sti ni l s pric e li t O A B or L H , A R I C N A N D O R I EN T T KED R ES A N D WE ET AL S OC , F H S . S E \VH OL ESA L E A G ENT S OL ,

E uitable Bui din q l g, AMB GI 0 Gor e Sreet The AUStPallan PPOdllBe A ene L 8c L, 3 7 e t , S dne . g y G o St e t S dne g y y , e rge r e , y y. Jul 20 190 1 0 I y . L , U NITED AUSTRA LIA . (

The P ubli c a ppre ci a te a di s co u nt o n s m a l l 0 1 i pu rcha s e s a nd tra d e w he re they can e t it and e e r s e tra e r k no s that th e a o a nce o f ba d e bts the s a n in g , v y w i d w v id d , vi g co st o f o o k n th e a n in e n e na le to bu fo r cas h— a a rt fro m the ncre as e o f tra e b i g, g i b i g b d y p i d

h ch res ults— mo re than co m e ns ate s fo r he co s t o f o u o ns w i p t C p .

H und reds o f trad e rs ha v e b u i lt u p s ucce s s ful bu s i ne s s e s thro ugh the ad o pti o n o f

The Co - O e rat e C o u o n s te m a nd it is ma nl the r s ucce s s th at has cause the r p i v p Sy , i y i d i co m et to rs to aro u se the ho s l t h h x s ts i rta s o n p i ti i y w i c e i n ce i n e cti s .

The s s tem is a s o lute l us t a s it is m e re l a nu m e r o f tra e rs n a y b y j , y b d gi v i g

sco unt fo r cash in co - o e rat o n th o ne a no the r ns te a o f n ua ll as fo rm e rl the di p i w i , i d i di vid y y , co - o erat ve lan n e che a e r an c a l p i p be i g th p d the m o re e ffe tu .

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