A Study of Korean Phonology and Morphology in a Derivational Approach
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Ecology of PF: A Study of Korean Phonology and Morphology in a Derivational Approach Inkie Chung, Ph.D. University of Connecticut, 2007 This dissertation studies the component of PF, i.e., morphology, phonology and phonetics, in Korean in a consistently derivational approach. Using phonological arguments and an acoustic phonetic study, chapter 2 identifies the surface syllable structure. It also recognizes the two syllable structure constraints: the complex onset constraint and the branching nucleus constraint. Using this syllable structure and these constraints, chapter 3 provides a comprehensive analysis of hiatus in verbal morphology and related issues within Calabrese’s (1995, 2002a) Dynamic Phonology framework. A limited number of actual outcomes for similar hiatus configurations show that the constraint-induced repairs are not finite but limited, and subject to the general principle of economy. It is shown that economy chooses shorter derivations over longer ones, when more than one derivation is possible and yield the same final outcome. It also show's that the hiatus constraint is a non-surface, cyclic constraint, operating once per morphophonological cycle. Furthermore, it argues that certain phonological operations must be described with the traditional rule-like formalism. It is also pointed out that the syllable structure constraints identified in chapter 2 are surface constraints. Chapters 4 and 5 provide a morphological study in Distributed Morphology (Bobaljik 2000, Halle and Marantz 1993, Marantz 2006) With verbal and adjectival roots exhibiting negative and honorific suppletion, these chapters identify the morphological structure of the inflected predicates (and hence phrase structure to a certain extent) in Korean. It identifies the paradoxical situation arising from the interaction of negative Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Inkie Chung - University of Connecticut, 2007 suppletion and honorific suppletion: the structurally outer honorific morphology blocks the inner negative suppletion. Root allomorphy of honorific suppletion is analyzed as vocabulary insertion, and the portmanteau negative suppletion is characterized as fusion interleaved with vocabulary insertion. The notion of phases (Chomsky 2000, et seq.) explains the unavailability of honorific suppletion with causatives. The dissertation resolves the issue of opacity, the major problem of a representational and parallelist theory The derivational approach allows a coherent and more adequate grammatical analysis of Korean morphophonology. It highlights the ecological nature of language, in that language is a living, dynamic and organic body, and more than simply a static or representational object. Keywords: generative grammar, phonology, morphology, morphophonology, morphosyntax, PF, Dynamic Phonology, Distributed Morphology, acoustics, syllable, derivation, rule, constraint, repair, hiatus, suppletion, allomorphy, contextual allomorphy, vocabulary insertion, fusion, Korean Advisory Committee: Andrea Calabrese, Major Advisor; Jonathan David Bobaljik; Harry van der Hulst Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Ecology of PF: A Study of Korean Phonology and Morphology in a Derivational Approach Inkie Chung B.A., Sogang University, 1992 M.A., Sogang University, 1994 M.A., University of Connecticut, 2004 A Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy at the University of Connecticut 2007 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 3259565 Copyright 2007 by Chung, Inkie All rights reserved. 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Ecology of PF: A Study of Korean Phonology and Morphology in a Derivational Approach Copyright © by Inkie Chung 2007 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. APPROVAL PAGE Doctor of Philosophy Dissertation Ecology of PF: A Study of Korean Phonology and Morphology in a Derivational Approach Presented by Inkie Chung, B.A., M.A., M.A. Major Advisor Andrea Calabrese Associate Advisor lathan David Bobalji Associate Advisor Harry van der Hulst University of Connecticut 2007 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TO MY FAMILY Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Acknowledgements Everybody has a long story about their life, and I am no exception. For the last several years in the middle of my life at UConn and in Storrs, my second hometown, I have experienced so many things, both good and bad, and learned many lessons of scholarship and life. No one can achieve certain landmarks alone in life, and a doctoral dissertation is one such thing. I have to proclaim very loudly that I have been helped by innumerable people and organizations. I got help from them not just for my studies and dissertation, but also for diverse aspects of life and living, and I will repay this help to people and the world in similar and different ways. Perhaps, this is why I came to hold great interest in the humanities and life sciences, especially ecology and evolutionary biology, as this dissertation claims that it deals with the ecological nature of language. First of all, I must say “Grazie mille!” to Andrea Calabrese, my major advisor. He has always been nice, encouraging and inspiring throughout my study and stay in Storrs. Much gratitude should also go to Jonathan Bobaljik and Harry van der Hulst, my associate advisors. Harry broadened my perspective on phonology enormously with radical new ideas (so radical that even his phonological model is called “Radical CV Phonology” for phonology of spoken and signed languages). Jonathan has been tremendous help, inspiration and encouragement for my morphology study and helped me consider and balance many different facets of linguistics (and life). Other faculty members in UConn Finguistics, former or present, full-time or adjunct, and retired or visiting, deserve my acknowledgment. They include Mona Anderson, Eva Bar-Shalom, Sigrid Beck, Zeljko Boskovic, Jon Gajewski, Howard Fasnik, Diane Fillo-Martin, David Michaels, Jairo Nunes, Nancy Ritter, Yael Sharvit, William Snyder, and Susi Wurmbrand. They helped me in class, in the hallways in Monteith and Arjona, on streets, for general examination papers, for job applications, for apartment applications, for extra student labor hours when I had very little money for living and food, and so on. I also thank Korean visiting professors including Profs. Dong-Sin Choi, Sun-Woong Kim, Jeong-Shik Fee, Myung-Kwan Park, Tongchin Rhee, Sang Wan Shim, and Keun-Won Sohn for their help and advice. I also thank the Department of Finguistics at the University of Connecticut for the opportunities they have given me for my studies and doctoral degree. Many thanks also go to my fellow linguistics grad students and alumni: Klaus Abels, Masahiko Aihara, Duk-Ho An, Adolfo Ausin, Ana Bastos, Jeff Bemath, Cedric Boeckx, David Braze, Carlos Buesa Garcia, Liang Chen, Hsu-Te Johnny Cheng, Jean Crawford, Marcela Depiante, Miloje Despic, Sarah Felber, Natasha Fitzgibbons, Zhanna Glushan, Elaine Grolla, Simona Herdan, Kazuko Hiramatsu, I-Ta Hsieh, Tien-Hsin Hsin, Chommanad Intajamomrak, Takako Iseda, Keiko Ishii, Bosook Kang, Elena Koulidobrova, Olga Kudanova, Pei-Jung Kuo, Mariana Lambova, Laurel LaPorte-Grimes, Jong-Eun Lee, Luisa Marti, Jill Magee, Krzysztof Migdalski, Nobu Miyoshi, Fumi Niinuma, Pan Ning, Masashi Nomura, Karen O’Brien, Toshiko Oda, Sei-Rang Oh, Koichi Ohtaki, Bumsik Park, Jong Un Park, Debbie Chen Pichler, Nina Radkevich, Natalia Rakhlin, Lara Reglero, Miguel Rodriguez-Mondonedo, Laura Sabadini, Tsuyoshi Sawada, Nilufer and Serkan §ener, Eric Shortt, Penka Stateva, Arthur Stepanov, Shigeki Taguchi, Masahiko Takahashi, Oksana Tarasenkova, Emma Ticio, Kyriaki Vassilaki, Sasa Vukic, Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Inkie Chung. 2007. Ecology of PF VI Douglas Wharram, Sandy Wood, Miyuki Yamashina, and Cynthia Zocca. I also thank Judy Marcus and Catalina Ritton. When Howard Lasnik introduced Judy in a department orientation years ago, he said that she was the most important person in the department. Indeed, the whole department could not operate during her vacation. Now that she has retired after serving the department for 30+ years, Catalina has taken her chair. She is as competent and friendly