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Technology Application of District Heating System with Co-Generation Based on Absorption Heat Exchange: a Renovation Project in Datong City of North China

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Technology Application of District Heating System with Co-Generation Based on Absorption Heat Exchange: a Renovation Project in Datong City of North China Proceedings of the ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition IMECE2014 November 14-20, 2014, Montreal, Quebec, Canada IMECE2014-37355 TECHNOLOGY APPLICATION OF DISTRICT HEATING SYSTEM WITH CO-GENERATION BASED ON ABSORPTION HEAT EXCHANGE: A RENOVATION PROJECT IN DATONG CITY OF NORTH CHINA Yan Li1 Lin Fu2 Shuyan Zhang1 Xiling Zhao2 1 College of Civil Engineering&Mechanics, Yanshan University, Qinhuangdao, PR China 2 School of Architecture, Tsinghua University, Beijing, PR China a corresponding construction inconvenience. This limited the ABSTRACT availability of DH technique although the heat supply capacity To explore the energy saving potential of Co-generation and of plants is huge [4-5]. enhance the feasibility of district heating, Tsinghua University (2) Waste heat discharged by the cooling tower: To ensure proposed a new type of district heating system with Co-generation safe operation of the large Co-generation units, the amount of based on absorption heat exchange (Co-ah system). It can improve the exhausted steam from the low-pressure cylinder cannot be less heating capacity and the energy efficiency by recycling the exhausted than the given minimum. The exhausted steam is cooled and the steam waste heat, and enhance the delivery capacity of the heat waste heat is discharged by the cooling tower. The amount of network by increasing the temperature difference between the the waste heat is enormous, but the temperature is too low (35℃ supplying water and the returning water. This paper focuses on the first or so) to be directly utilized for building heating. It will be large-scale industrial application project built in the Datong City First CHP Plant. We increase the delivery capacity of the heat network by significantly to energy saving and emission reduction if these 40% after adopting the Co-ah technology, and both the heating capacity exhausted waste heat can be recycled [6]. and the energy efficiency of Co-generation had increased 50%. This (3) In addition, the traditional system itself has obvious paper provides an overview of this project. Both the performance of deficiencies in the thermodynamics view: In the design two kinds of absorption equipments (absorption heat pumps in the plant condition, the turbine extraction steam (0.3~1.0MPa) is used to and absorption heat exchanger units in the substations) and the heat in sequence: the primary heat network (130℃/70℃), then operation effect of the system were obtained through the experiment, ℃ ℃ and thus the feasibility and reliability of Co-ah technology were the secondary heat network (70 /50 ), and finally supply the verified. heat energy to various consumers. The larger temperature-difference is bound to result in enormous irreversible exergy (available energy) losses in two INTRODUCTIOND heat-exchange processes, namely, a steam-water heat exchange Currently, the large-scale district heating systems (DH in the plant and a water-water heat exchange in the substations. system) has already occupied a dominant position of building Therefore, one of the emphasis tasks of energy-saving is to heating in Northern China. Many cities in this area have explore the potential of Co-generation and DH system in developed the district heat networks supplied by the CHP Northern China. Tsinghua University proposed a new type of (combined heating and power) plants or the district boilers. By district heating system with Co-generation based on absorption 2012, the DH systems supplied by the large Co-generation units heat exchange (Co-ah System) [7-10]. (above 300MW) made up about 40% of total building heating due to its significant advantages in both energy-saving and CO 2 2 THE DESCRIPTION OF THE CO-AH SYSTEM emission-reduction [1-3]. However, the traditional DH system together with 2.1 The Absorption Heat-Exchange Method Co-generation (Fig1) has been limited by the following Considering the irreversible exergy losses in the exchange problem: between the primary heat network and the secondary heat (1) Limitation of poor delivery capacity of the heat network: network in the DH system substations, we can find way to lower Generally, the CHP plants were far away from the urban greatly the return water temperature — the technique of heat-load concentrations, there are huge investments on absorption heat-exchanger (Fig2a). extension or reconstruction of the pipe network, not to mention 1 Copyright © 2014 by ASME Fig.1. Technological Process of Traditional DH System (a) The System Technological Process (b) The Contrast Fig.2. Process Chart of Absorption Heat-Exchanger The absorption heat-exchanger unit composes of a the secondary heat network remains unchanged. conventional water-water heat exchanger and an absorption heat The application of absorption heat-exchange units will pump (absorption refrigeration). The high-temperature heat flux obtain the following impacts: Qe is used as the driving force to recover low-temperature heat 1) Because the supply/ temperature of the primary heat flux Qg, and eventually the total heat Qg+Qe is released at an network is changed from 130 ℃ /70 ℃ to 130/25 ℃ , the intermediate temperature. The hot water of the primary heat temperature drop is increased correspondingly from 60℃ to network release heat successively to the high-temperature side A 105℃, which means the delivery capacity mostly doubles. For a of the absorption heat pump, the heat-exchanger 2 and the newly-built heat network, the diameter of the pipe can be small low-temperature side B of the absorption heat pump, and finally and significantly reducing the investment. return the Co-generation plant at a lower temperature (about 25 2) Because of a lower temperature, the return water is ℃). The hot water of the secondary heat network is heated easier to be heated by exhausted waste heat through respectively by the intermediate-temperature side C of the exchanger or heat pump, as a result, the low-grade exhausted absorption heat-pump and the heat exchanger 2, and finally heat is easier to be recovered and improve significantly the piped to the consumers. As a result, the return water temperature overall energy efficiency of the CHP plants. of the primary heat network can be lowered to about 25℃ with the supply water temperature 130℃, while the temperature of 2 Copyright © 2014 by ASME Fig.3. Technological Process of the Co-ah system In 2010 winter, the heating demand of this residential area was 2.2 The Co-ah System 2 In the exchange link between the extraction steam and the increased to about 6.4 million m . However, the heating capacity primary heat network in the CHP plant, lots of irreversible heat of the CHP plant has already reached limitation, and it is also transfer losses can be avoided by the introduction of absorption difficult to develop more large heat production units (district heat pumps technology. The return water of the primary heat boilers etc.) due to the environmental limitation. In view of the network was gradually heated by the exhausted steam-water urgent heating demand, a renovation project of Co-ah exchanger, the absorption heat pump, and the extraction technology was put forward. The technological process of the steam-water exchanger. Therefore, a whole Co-ah system is project was shown in the Fig.4. proposed. (Fig3) This project including: Obviously, the Co-ah system uses the extraction steam and 1) Transform the 2×135MW air cooled turbine units, and the exhausted steam as heat sources, and the energy efficiency set two waste heat recovery units (composed of the absorption can be greatly improved because of reducing the extraction heat pump and the exhausted steam-water exchanger) for steam consumption. The exhausted waste heat can supply above recovering 132MW waste heat from 2×100t/h exhausted steam 30% of heating power in the design condition and accounts for (Fig.5a). Therefore, the heating capacity can be increased to 400MW, which can supply the building heating of 6.4 million above 40% of total heating output in the whole heating period, 2 as a result, the heating capacity can be increased above 30% and m . the energy efficiency can be increased above 40%. 2) Transform fourteen district heating system substations (the heating areas were about 2.8 million m2), and set eighteen absorption heat-exchanger units. The return water temperature 3 THE APPLICATION DEMONSTRATION PROJECT of the primary side was reduced to about 25℃, while other 3.1 Engineering Situation substations were about 52℃. Therefore, the total return water This paper focuses on the technology application of the temperature in the plant is about 37℃ (Fig.5b). Co-ah system in Datong City. This application project is to meet 3.2 System Description the building heating demand of the newly added 2.0 million m2 residential area of Datong Coal-Mine Group Co. by recovering 3.2.1 The Gateway Station of the CHP Plant the exhausted steam waste heat from the 2×135MW air cooled Co-generation units in the Datong City first CHP plant. The parameters in the rated condition of the 135MW air The maximum heating capacity of the 2×135MW cooled Co-generation unit are shown in the Tab.1. The flow rate Co-generation units are about 268MW (the maximum flow rate of extraction steam (the fifth segment adjustments) is 200t/h, of the extraction steam is 2×200t/h), this CHP plant had been and the pressure is 0.245MPa. The flow rate of exhausted steam responsible for about 4.4 million m2 building heating until 2010. from the low pressure cylinder is 161t/h, and the back pressure in winter
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