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Innate and Adaptive Immune Functions of Peyer's Patch

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Innate and Adaptive Immune Functions of Peyer's Patch Innate and Adaptive Immune Functions of Peyer’s Patch Monocyte-Derived Cells Article Innate and Adaptive Immune Functions of Peyer’s Patch Monocyte-Derived Cells Johnny Bonnardel, Clément da Silva, Sandrine Henri, Samira Tamoutounour, Lionel Chasson, Frederic Montañana-Sanchis, Jean-Pierre Gorvel, Hugues Lelouard To cite this version: Johnny Bonnardel, Clément da Silva, Sandrine Henri, Samira Tamoutounour, Lionel Chasson, et al.. Innate and Adaptive Immune Functions of Peyer’s Patch Monocyte-Derived Cells Article Innate and Adaptive Immune Functions of Peyer’s Patch Monocyte-Derived Cells. Cell Reports, Elsevier Inc, 2015, pp.770-784. 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.067. hal-01212685 HAL Id: hal-01212685 https://hal-amu.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01212685 Submitted on 7 Oct 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Article Innate and Adaptive Immune Functions of Peyer’s Patch Monocyte-Derived Cells Graphical Abstract Authors Johnny Bonnardel, Cle´ ment Da Silva, ..., Jean-Pierre Gorvel, Hugues Lelouard Correspondence [email protected] In Brief Bonnardel et al. provide a comprehensive analysis of the phenotype, distribution, ontogeny, lifespan, function, and transcriptional profile of Peyer’s patch (PP) mononuclear phagocyte system. They show that, at steady state, monocytes give rise locally to both macrophages and lysozyme-expressing DCs. Highlights Accession Numbers d Monocytes give rise to macrophages and LysoDCs in Peyer’s GSE65514 patches d LysoDCs and macrophages are the main phagocytic cells of PPs d PP LysoDCs and macrophages display innate antiviral and antibacterial gene signatures d Short-lived LysoDCs efficiently prime naive helper T cells toward Th1 cells Bonnardel et al., 2015, Cell Reports 11, 770–784 May 5, 2015 ª2015 The Authors http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.067 Cell Reports Article Innate and Adaptive Immune Functions of Peyer’s Patch Monocyte-Derived Cells Johnny Bonnardel,1,2,3 Cle´ ment Da Silva,1,2,3 Sandrine Henri,1,2,3 Samira Tamoutounour,1,2,3 Lionel Chasson,1,2,3 Frederic Montan˜ ana-Sanchis,1,2,3 Jean-Pierre Gorvel,1,2,3 and Hugues Lelouard1,2,3,* 1Centre d’Immunologie de Marseille-Luminy (CIML), Aix-Marseille University, UM2, 13288 Marseille, France 2Institut National de la Sante´ et de la Recherche Me´ dicale (INSERM), U1104, 13288 Marseille, France 3Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UMR7280, 13288 Marseille, France *Correspondence: [email protected] http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.067 This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). SUMMARY (Contractor et al., 2007; Iwasaki and Kelsall, 2001; Lelouard et al., 2010). The pDCs and DN DCs are mainly located in the Peyer’s patches (PPs) are primary inductive sites of SED and in the IFR, whereas CD8a+ DCs are situated in the mucosal immunity. Defining PP mononuclear phago- IFR and CD11b+ DCs and LysoDCs in the SED. In addition, DN cyte system (MPS) is thus crucial to understand the DCs and LysoDCs can penetrate into the FAE where they initiation of mucosal immune response. We provide interact with M cells (Iwasaki and Kelsall, 2001; Lelouard et al., a comprehensive analysis of the phenotype, distribu- 2012). tion, ontogeny, lifespan, function, and transcriptional Among PP DCs, LysoDCs are the most efficient at taking up pathogenic bacteria, dead cells, and particulate antigens in vivo profile of PP MPS. We show that monocytes give rise (Lelouard et al., 2010, 2012). Moreover, they are able to inter- to macrophages and to lysozyme-expressing den- nalize luminal antigens by extending dendrites into the gut lumen dritic cells (LysoDCs), which are both involved in par- through M cell-specific transcellular pores (Lelouard et al., 2012). ticulate antigen uptake, display strong innate anti- Although Salmonella Typhimurium is mainly internalized by viral and antibacterial gene signatures, and, upon LysoDCs, which express the chemokine receptor CX3CR1, the TLR7 stimulation, secrete IL-6 and TNF, but neither associated immune response seems to be mediated by + À IL-10 nor IFNg. However, unlike macrophages, Ly- CCR6 CX3CR1 DCs, which correspond either to DN DCs or soDCs display a rapid renewal rate, strongly express CD11b+ DCs (Lelouard et al., 2010; Salazar-Gonzalez et al., + genes of the MHCII presentation pathway, and prime 2006; Zhao et al., 2003). DN DCs and CD8a DCs produce IL- + naive helper T cells for IFNg production. Our results 12 in response to bacterial stimulation, while CD11b DCs pro- show that monocytes differentiate locally into Ly- duce IL-10 and IL-6 and induce IgA secretion in vitro (Iwasaki and Kelsall, 2001; Sato et al., 2003). CD11b+ DCs also are able soDCs and macrophages, which display distinct fea- to prime naive T cells to secrete IL-4 and IL-10 (Iwasaki and Kel- tures from their adjacent villus counterparts. sall, 2001). However, since LysoDCs express high levels of CD11b and can’t be discriminated from CD11b+ DCs based on INTRODUCTION commonly used criteria of isolation (e.g., CD11c, MHCII, and CD11b), it is yet unknown whether these functional properties To protect our body from harmful agents, the mammalian small are shared by both of these PP DC subsets. Moreover, it is worth intestine possesses specific sentinel sites called Peyer’s noting that no distinction has been made so far between DCs of patches (PPs) where mucosal immune response initiation and the dome and DCs of dome-associated villi (DAVs), which could generation of immunoglobulin A-producing B cells take place have been co-isolated and might have distinct properties. (Macpherson et al., 2012). PPs comprise clustered domes Unlike PP DCs, the phenotype, diversity, immune functions, formed by B cell follicles separated from each other by interfol- and distribution of macrophages in PPs are still unknown due licular regions (IFRs) enriched in T cells. The follicle-associated to the lack of reliable markers. epithelium (FAE) contains specialized epithelial cells, called M Here we used a combination of comparative transcriptional cells, that bind and rapidly transport microorganisms from the analyses, multiparameter flow cytometry, and high-resolution lumen to the subepithelial dome (SED) (Owen and Jones, 1974; confocal microscopy to study the diversity, distribution, origin, Schulz and Pabst, 2013). There, antigen uptake, degradation, renewal, and function of the PP MPS. We show that dome and presentation by cells of the mononuclear phagocyte system CD11chi lysozyme-expressing cells derive from CCR2+ mono- (MPS) are crucial steps to induce the mucosal immune response. cytes and are composed of LysoDCs and two macrophage sub- The MPS comprises monocytes, dendritic cells (DCs), and mac- sets. Conversely to villus macrophages, the latter do not express rophages. PP DCs encompass five different subsets: plasmacy- the classic macrophage markers F4/80, CD64 (Fc Gamma Re- toid DCs (pDCs), CD8a+ DCs, CD11b+ DCs, double-negative ceptor I), CD169 (sialoadhesin), and CD206 (mannose macro- DCs (DN DCs), and lysozyme-expressing DCs (LysoDCs) phage receptor). Unlike dome macrophages, LysoDCs have a 770 Cell Reports 11, 770–784, May 5, 2015 ª2015 The Authors rapid turnover and can efficiently prime naive T cells toward a we investigated whether their number was altered in CCR2-defi- Th1 phenotype in vitro. cient mice. Surprisingly, we noticed that MHCIIhi lysozyme-ex- pressing cells were strongly reduced in CCR2-deficient mice, RESULTS while those expressing low levels of MHCII were slightly or not altered (Figures 2A and 2B). The latter were the only ones to ex- Phenotypic Distinction between Mononuclear press CD4 (Figure 2A). Moreover, as they strongly displayed Phagocytes of the Dome and of the DAVs autofluorescence (AF), they most likely corresponded to PPs are constituted of dome and DAVs. A major issue when macrophages and were thus termed LysoMacs, whereas the analyzing the MPS of the dome after isolation of cells from PPs CD11chiMHCIIhiCD4ÀAFlo/int cells were considered as LysoDCs. is the presence of phagocytes extracted not only from the Because our attempts to detect cells derived from transferred dome but also from the DAVs. monocytes into Ccr2À/À mouse PPs were unsuccessful, we re- + + By confocal microscopy, most CX3CR1-expressing phago- constituted lethally irradiated CD45.1 CD45.2 mice with a 1:1 cytes located in the SED and in the DAVs expressed CD11c mixture of BM cells isolated from wild-type (WT) CD45.1+ mice and SIRPa, but could be distinguished by the specific expression and either CD45.2+Batf3À/À or CD45.2+Ccr2À/À mice. As ex- of F4/80 and CD169 in the DAVs and of lysozyme in the SED (Fig- pected, we found that LysoDCs derived mostly from Ccr2+/+ pre- ures 1A–1C). CD169 also was expressed by macrophages at the cursors, while dome CD8a+, CD11b+, and DN DCs consisted of base of the IFR (Figure S1A), whereas F4/80+ cells were either both Ccr2+/+ and Ccr2À/À donor cells (Figure 2C). Interestingly, rare or absent in the whole dome (Table S1). Thus, according although LysoMacs were only slightly altered in CCR2-deficient to these confocal microscopy data, we could establish a flow cy- mice (Figure 2B), they mainly derived from Ccr2+/+ precursors, tometry gating strategy to distinguish PP phagocytes of the dome too (Figure 2C). Moreover, LysoDCs and LysoMacs developed from those of DAVs based on their F4/80 and lysozyme differen- irrespective of the presence of Batf3, while dome CD8a+ DCs tial expression.
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