The officialpublication oftheDepartmentHumanSettlements|April-June2018 three spheres of government inthedelivery Strengthening relationships amongstthe NOMAINDIYA MFEKETO of sustainable humansettlements Minister

EDITION 03

THEMBELIHLE SOCIAL HOUSING PROJECT CITY OF TSHWANE, GAUTENG Credits

CPublisher: Department of Human Selements Address: Govan Mbeki House, 240 Justice Mahomed Street, Sunnyside, Pretoria, 0002 Postal Address: Private Bag X 644, Pretoria, 0001 Website: www.dhs.gov.za Email: [email protected] Call Centre: 0800 146 873 (Toll ‰ee ‰om Telkom line) Fraud & Corruption: 0800 701 701 Presidential Hotline: 17737 Editor-in-Chief: Xolani Xundu Editor: Gwen Shole Deputy Editor: Mandla Gumede Copy Editor: Kelopile Tlhodi Contributors: Luzuko Pongoma, Monika Glinzler, Dr Jennifer Mirembe, Dr Salphinah Vuloyimuni Ubisi, Tuso Zibula, Prof Marie Huchzermeyer Photography: DHS Library, Amanda Khoza Design and Layout: Clement Khoza Production Manager: Mandla Gumede Distribution Manager: Mandla Gumede Editorial Enquiries: (012) 444 9130 Email: [email protected] Distribution Enquiries: (012) 444 9130 Email: [email protected] To Subscribe: Send an email to [email protected] and state whether you want electronic copy or physical address for the printed copy (Sorry no postal addresses will be accepted) Back-issue Enquiries: [email protected] ISSN Number: 2520-9442 (Print) ISSN Number: 2521-5531 (Online)

© Copyright 2018

BNG Human Selements Sector Journal is a quarterly journal of the Department of Human Selements which is published by the Chief Directorate: Communication Services. No portion of this journal may be produced in any form without the wrien permission of the publishers. Views in BNG Human Selements Sector Journal are not necessarily those of the Department of Human Selements or those of the South Aican Government. Copyright is reserved. Physical Address: Sunnyside Office Park Building B, Ground Floor 32 Princess of Wales Terrace Parktown, Johannesburg South Africa

Tel: +27 11 274 6200 Email: [email protected] Website: www.shra.org.za An agency of the Department of Human Settlements

&What we do Who we are

Who is the SHRA and what is social housing?

SHRA was established in August 2010 by the Minister of Human Settlements as per the Social Housing Act, No 16 of 2008. SHRA is a public entity in terms of Schedule 3A of the Public Finance Management Act, No. 29 of 1999 (PFMA).

Social housing is state-subsidised rental housing targeted at low to medium income groups. The purpose of social housing is to contribute to the national priority of re- structuring South African society in order to address structural, economic, social and spatial dysfunctionalities. Social housing contributes to widening the range of housing options available to the poor.

SHRA is responsible for regulating the social housing sector in South Africa; approval, administration and disbursement of both institutional investment and capital grants (named the Restructuring Capital Grant). SHRA must promote an enabling environ- ment for the growth and development of the social housing sector. MMinister’s Foreword

Our country’s Constitution says everyone has the right to have access to adequate housing. As the Department of Human Settlements we are mandated to fulfil this basic right. Since 1994, we have been confronted with the inhumanity of landless and lack of shelter for our people. We have a strong challenge to improve the lives of our people.

On arrival in the Department, I was well received by management and staff. On my address to staff, I challenged them to work with me in delivering the mandate of the department within a short space of time at our disposal.

It’s a common knowledge that next year, we will be going to the polls to elect the new government. As the current government we have less than 10 months to achieve what we promised to do in 2014 when we were campaigning. As a sector we need to reflect on what we have done and what we still need to do.

In a short space of time I have met with the Portfolio Committee on Human Settlements to map out a common ground. This provided me with an opportunity to engage with policy and delivery frameworks of the department and also to inform their direction.

To make our sector better, we need to strengthen the relations between three spheres of government. This will make us respond effectively to service delivery protests.

I find it unacceptable that funds from human settlements budget were being returned to national treasury when there was service delivery pressure on housing.

If relations between the three spheres of government were what it is supposed to be, ways could have been found to reallocate these funds to areas where there are needed most.

Lastly, I would like to invite all our stakeholders to contribute in this sector journal as it is a platform where we can share our ideas and opinions without any fear of being rebuked.

NOMAINDIYA MFEKETO MINISTER OF HUMAN SETTLEMENTS EEditor-in-Chief

Let me start by apologising to all our readers for not getting their journal for the past two quarters. This was caused by forces beyond our control. This apology also goes to our con tributors who waited to see their work being published but that never happened.

In this edition we welcome our new Minister for Human Settlements, Hon Nomaindiya Mfeketo who a formidable leader and local a provincial government experts – who hails from International Relations and Corporations. The Minister Mfeketo joins the Human Settlements at the time is sector fast tracking the delivery of 1.4 million houses and housing opportunities by 2019 as well as ensuring that the sector eradicates the title deeds backlog. The Minister who served as the Executive Mayor of the City of Cape Town for two terms from 1998 to 2006 is committed to strengthening the relations amongst the three spheres of government in order to respond effectively the service delivery needs of all South Africans.

We are also reporting back on what happened in Kuala Lampur, Malaysia during the 9th Session of the World Urban Forum (WUF 9). The conference coupled with the exhibition is a United Nations global stage used to create new networks and partnerships that strengthen existing ones with a meaningful impact on equity and urban development. The WUF9 was the first session to focus on the implementation of the New Urban Agenda that was adopted at Habitat III in Ecuador in 2016.

In this edition we also focus on at how Gauteng province plans to restore the dignity of the people through providing decent shelter. Three mega projects from Gauteng are profiled. This must be taken as a challenge by other provinces as we have said in our last edition; we all need to contribute in the Journal as it is the publication for our sector. Let us all contribute to showcase what we are doing to restore the dignity of our people.

Lastly, let us all participate in improving this platform to communicate as the sector. As we mentioned in the first edition, we welcome articles, opinion pieces, and analysis from academic researchers, industry experts and ordinary people from all walks of life.

XOLANI XUNDU EDITOR-IN-CHIEF CContents

†† Page 11 -16

Human Selements Code: a theory of change in the sector 11

Opportunities, capabilities and support required implementing sustainable development within the context of regional and global commitments 12

South A„ican Participation at the 9th session of the World Urban Forum 16

Page 20 -38 †‡

Gauteng geared towards developing new cities through human selements 20

Riverside View Mega City is the new beginning to Gauteng's densication ˆ‰ projects 24

John Dube project to change the landscape of the City of Ekurhuleni 28

Rolling out of serviced stands to discourage land invasion in Gauteng 36 Š‡

Impact of the Native Land Act of 1913 on human selements 38 Page 41 -65 Public participation in the integrated human selements ‰† planning 41

Rural Vulindlela partners with government to upgrade and achieve their housing dreams 45

From Grootboom to Melani: ‰‹ championing the upgrading of informal selements in South AŽica 48

Bank nancing requirements for innovative building technology housing 55 ‰Œ Social Media humanselements

@—e_DHS

Department of human selements

Department of human selements

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‹‹ Overcrowding, an element of inadequate housing at Mogale City hostels 59

A meta-perspective on the dialogues on emerging Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the impact thereof on people, space and planning 65

‹Ž BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal

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Human Se–lements Code: a theory of change in the sector Owen Rambau

he Portfolio Committee on the department has a unique op Vawda indicated there is a need THuman Settlements hosted portunity to place itself in the for policy shift from housing to the consultative workshop to fos driving seat of encouraging ac Human Settlements, a new code ter a positive working relation tive citizenry as the country en must be for Human Settlements ship between the executive and gage on land expropriation with beyond Housing to guide into the legislature. The workshop out compensation policy debate. Medium Term Strategic Frame was meant to give the legislature “ As law makers and custodians work (MTSF) towards NDP 2030. a chance to engage on policy is of land, we need to take leader The New Human Settlements sues and delivery frameworks of ship so that people have faith in code will contain norms, stand the Department. us to carry this process through in ards and programmes to follow a rapid but legal and orderly man human settlements theory of Opening the workshop, the chair ner,” remarked the Minister. change or value chain that inter person of the portfolio commit faces with a built environment tee Nocawe Mafu, called for pos The Human Settlements Poli theory of change or value chain itive engagement and participa cy Framework, Legislation and and supported by systems. tion during the workshop. She Housing Code were presented by further stated that they chose Deputy Director General (DDG) Now with talks of a new human the right time (Easter Weekend) for Human Settlements Delivery settlements code something that to host this workshop as it was a Frameworks Ahmed Vawda, who will be more beneficial to the subconscious symbolic message indicated future plans in line with Public Servants is the progressive for setting new beginnings. the National Development Plan ness of the Government Employ (NDP) 2030 goals, to eradicate ee Housing Scheme (GEHS) which This workshop also became the absolute poverty, reduce unem DDG for Programme Implementa first engagement of Minister No ployment rate to 6% and signifi tion Support, Joseph Leshabane maindiya Mfeketo with the Port cantly reduce inequality. He fur presented to the Portfolio Com folio Committee. She also em ther indicated that the medium mittee reminding them that the phasised the setting of new be term strategic plan of the NDP for rationale of the GEHS is aimed ginnings. “This workshop is fitting outcome 8: Sustainable Human at addressing multiple barriers and I see its role as vital in foster Settlements and Improved Qual faced by government employees ing a positive working relationship ity of Household Life was to build in accessing housing on a sustain between the executive and legis and retrofit settlements that of able basis. He said that this will lature. It will provide an opportu fer access to adequate hous create a fundamental change in nity for the legislature to engage ing in better living environments, the structure, systems, institu with policy and delivery frame break apartheid spatial patterns tions and patterns of home own works of the department and in through coordinated spatial plan ership and control of the housing form its direction,’’ said Mfeketo. ning and investment and enable finance in favour of all South Af a functional equitable residential ricans. The Minister further stated that property market.

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Opportunities, capabilities and support required implementing sustainable development within the context of regional and global commitments Zou Kota-Fredericks- Deputy Minister of Human Selements

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xcellent work has been undertaken over the past twenty years in Epromoting urban safety, including through research, pilot projects The link between safety and hu to identify good practice, and facilitating networks for knowledge ex man settlements and urbanisa change to inform global, regional, and national commitments that link tion is established no less than 16 human settlements development with safety. times in the New Urban Agenda.

Safety is a key concern of African governments at all levels and we The Quito Declaration of the have acknowledged that it has many dimensions which extend be New Urban Agenda express yond the traditional notions of policing. We know that we must link es a shared global vision as fol the development of sustainable human settlements with safety. In so lows: “We share a vision of cities doing we can create liveable cities for all, in which all its inhabitants for all, referring to the equal use feel safe. It is the “how” that we will have to deeply discuss. and enjoyment of cities and hu man settlements, seeking to pro Through our collective work, these ideas are now gaining traction na mote inclusivity and ensure that tionally, regionally and globally. We are thus extremely pleased that all inhabitants, of present and safety is acknowledged in the outcome of Habitat III, the New Urban future generations, without dis Agenda, which sets out the policies, practice, and roles and responsi crimination of any kind, are able bilities of national, sub-national, local government, non-government to inhabit and produce just, safe, actors and the community. healthy, accessible, affordable, resilient, and sustainable cities We have made significant progress since the first African Forum of Ur and human settlements, to fos ban Safety (AFUS)) learning exchange in advancing urban safety as an ter prosperity and quality of life important component of key international commitments and agree for all…” ments. The Governing Council of UN-Habitat at its 26th Session took a specific resolution on urban safety, calling upon member states to consider urban safety as a key element of their urban development strategies. šrough our collective“ work, these ideas are now gaining traction nationally, regionally “ and globally.

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The most explicit guidance with regard to ensuring safety in cities and human settlements can be found in paragraph 103 of the Quito Implementation Plan: Paragraph 103 states “We will integrate inclusive measures for urban safety, and crime and violence prevention, includ ing terrorism and violent extremism conducive to terrorism, engaging rele vant local communities and non-gov ernmental actors, where appropriate, in developing urban strategies and in itiatives, including taking into account slums and informal settlements, as well as vulnerability and cultural factors in the development of public security, and crime and violence prevention policies, including by preventing and counter ing the stigmatization of specific groups as posing inherently greater security threats.”

This is what we have committed to glob ally. We now need to continue to work tirelessly to popularise these commit ments through continued advocacy. We need to show practically how integrat ing safety into urban planning and hu man settlements development can af fect positive change and give expres sion to a decent quality of life for all. We also require a practical work programme to address safety in human settlements and cities, particularly for women and girls and people in living vulnerable sit uations.

We would like to sincerely acknowledge the excellent work being undertaken by UN-Habitat in promoting urban safety in its work, and through facilitating net works such as AFUS to address the nex us between safety and human settle ments.

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South Ažican Participation at the 9th session of the World Urban Forum Monika Glinzer

he 9th Session of the World University of KwaZulu Natal and and Urban Talks which are organ TUrban Forum (WUF) took the University of Witwatersrand, ised by participating stakehold place from 7 to 13 February 2018 and civil society and grassroots ers. The large exhibition was also at the Kuala Lumpur Convention organisations, such as the Devel a vital component of WUF 9. Centre hosted by the government opment Action Group (DAG), the of Malaysia. The theme of the Fo Federation of the Urban and Ru WUF 9 clearly demonstrated the rum was 'Cities 2030, Cities for ral Poor (FEDUP), Habitat for Hu convening power of UN-Habitat, All: Implementing the New - Ur manity, and Shack/Slum Dwellers with a programme of well over ban Agenda.' International (SDI), the Socio Eco 500 events, attended by partic nomic Rights Institute (SERI), as ipants from diverse sectors and The South African delegation well as the Executive Director and backgrounds, with women, youth was led by the the Deputy Min officials from the Gauteng City and participants from least devel ister of Human Settlements, Zou Region Observatory. oped countries well represented. Kota-Fredericks and the Deputy The forums focused on the New Minister of Cooperative Govern WUF 9 Format and Expected Urban Agenda as a tool and accel ance, Andries Nel. The delegation Outcomes erator for achieving Agenda 2030 comprised of amongst other the and its Sustainable Development South Africa’s High Commission The format of WUF 9 was a se Goals. According to the organ er to Malaysia, the Mpumalan ries of parallel events over sev isers, 22.000 participants from ga MEC of Human Settlements, en days, including Assemblies, 165 countries, among them more Members of the South African Lo Round tables, Dialogues and Spe than 100 Ministers and Deputy cal Government Association (SAL cial Sessions on specific themes, Ministers, debated concrete im GA) National Executive Council, to which are conceptualised and plementation steps at WUF 9. name but a few. managed by UN-Habitat, and Networking Events, Side Events, The outcome of deliberations will The South African participants al Parallel Events (outside of the be instrumental in the process of so included academics from the WUF 9 venue), Training Events, preparing the first report of the

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The role of South Africa at b. After the adoption of the WUF 9 New Urban Agenda by the United Nations, South Africa a. The South African participa has resolved to create its own tion at the World Urban Forum implementation framework was important for the follow for the New Urban Agenda implementation of the New Ur ing reasons: that ensures that we tackle ban Agenda due in 2019. The urbanisation collectively – as New Urban Agenda explicitly • Building capacity and forging ‘government as a whole’, with calls for inputs of multilateral or important partnerships: Par our partners and stakeholders ganisations, civil society, the pri ticipation by officials from all - acknowledging that urban vate sector and academia, and to three spheres of government, management and human set build on existing platforms such academia, and civil society tlements development are as the World Urban Forum, in the through a Team South Africa intricately linked to the eco development of implementation approach in current global nomic and social development progress reports. debates helped to build con of the country. sensus on our policy direction The Forum also contributed to with regard to urbanisation South Africa’s Integrated Ur global mobilisation towards the and human settlements. ban Development Framework common vision on sustainable (IUDF), which is our national urban development in advancing • Profiling South Africa as a urban policy, is therefore the on the achievement of the Agen global partner: The contin key ‘framing’ element for this da 2030 and its Sustainable De ued and active participation of important task, informed by velopment Goals. WUF 9 there South Africa in global forums our national context and pri fore provided an important op on urban development such at orities, outlined also in the Na portunity to garner the efforts WUF has profiled the country tional Development Plan 2030. of all relevant actors to deliber and its efforts as part of best ate on and commit to implemen practice experiences. This is c. A key input by South Africa to tation of concrete solutions for an important aspect as it high the World Urban Forum was the transformative commitments lights the growing importance thus a discussion document made in the New Urban Agenda. of South Africa as a key role- for a Localising Framework for player in such international dia the New Urban Agenda. The It provided a platform through logues. document was the product of which national governments, sub intense collaboration between national and local governments, • Knowledge and Information the Department of Human Set civil society, private sector and Exchange: Participation at the tlements, the Department academia shared knowledge and WUF’s relevant round tables, of Cooperative Governance, solutions for sustainable urban dialogues and networking the South African Local Gov development. It also facilitated events promoted learning and ernment Association and the the development of strong mul knowledge sharing, and helped South African Cities Network. ti-stakeholder partnerships re to strengthen South Africa’s quired for the implementation ability to address urban devel A first draft was consulted up of the New Urban Agenda. WUF opment challenges, as well on with stakeholders at the Na 9 adopted a Declaration which as uphold South Africa’s rele tional Observance of World Cit will inform the next session of vance and meet the expecta ies Day in Durban in October UN-Habitat’s Governing Council tions of leadership in the Afri 2017. Further engagements outcomes. can continent. took place in January 2018,

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with the intention of present concept, as well as on promoting making suitable land available, ing the discussion document the Metropolis Annual Meeting improving service provision, to WUF 9. that it will be hosting from 27 to and creating affordable housing 31 August 2018 can work in concert with the d. In addition to the New Urban community savings schemes, Agenda Localising Frame Team South Africa Events at community driven data collec work discussion document, WUF 9 tion, self-build initiatives, and Team South Africa developed other initiatives undertaken by a resource paper to guide the 1. On 8 February 2018, the organised communities for par South African delegation in its Department of Human Set ticipatory upgrading. participation at WUF 9. The tlements, the Department of resource paper presented rel Cooperative Governance and The event invited grassroots or evant South African policies SALGA hosted a networking ganisations and their partner and programmes that respond event on 'Developing national governments (either local or to the New Urban Agenda and local frameworks for the national) to share what makes and address urbanisation and implementation of the New the partnerships successful. human settlements. Urban Agenda.' Case studies included Botswa na, Kenya, Zimbabwe, Nigeria, Exhibition The session introduced South and South Africa. Africa’s localising framework for The purpose of the WUF 9 exhi implementing the New Urban 3. On 12 February 2018, Ethek bition was to showcase and high Agenda. Participants responded wini Municipality hosted a Net light programmes, initiatives, very positively to the proposed working Event on 'Informal Set- partnerships and solutions ded framework, and particularly the tlement Upgrading using the icated to implementing the New built in coordination and par Safer Cities Approach.' Urban Agenda and Agenda 2030. ticipation of all relevant sectors The Department of Human Set and actors. The session promoted the tlements secured the exhibition ‘co-production of safety for space for the South African pavil Deputy Minister Andries Nel, all’ through citywide, com ion. Deputy Minister Zou Kota-Fred munity-based, coalition-ori ericks and Councilor Xolani So ented, multi-sectorial and ev The exhibition design was co-cre tashe (SALGA) gave opening ad idence-based urban interven ated with key partners and show dresses and co-chaired the ses tions. The event was held as cased projects and programmes sion. part of Ethekwini’s commit that successfully demonstrat ment to leading urban safety ed South Africa’s response to ur 2. On 11 February 2018, the approaches in Africa through banisation through urban man Department of Human Settle heading the African Forum on agement, housing, transport and ments, UN-Habitat and Slum Urban Safety (AFUS). planning. The exhibition space al Dwellers International hosted so created a conducive environ a networking event on 'Partici- Deputy Minister Andries Nel ment for networking, bilateral patory upgrading of slums and and Deputy Minister Zou Ko meetings, and knowledge shar informal settlements through ta-Fredericks supported Ethek ing. partnerships between govern- wini as panel members for this ment and grassroots organisa- event, reflecting on role of hu The Gauteng Provincial Govern tions.' man settlements development, ment also had a separate exhibi planning and urban manage tion stand, focused on the Gaut The event examined ways in ment in addressing safety. eng City Region approach and which government effort on

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Ethekwini’s presentation fo raphy at the University of Car national dialogue between na cused on moving beyond the diff, Raf Tuts from Nairobi, Ken tional and subnational author provision of infrastructure and ya, Director for Programme Di ities on the New Urban Agen top structures to one that pro vision of UN Habitat, Dr Remy da implementation. The session motes empowerment, safe Sietchiping, from the Region recognised that the New Urban ty and socio economic sustain al and Metropolitan Planning Agenda can only be achieved ability. This approach is under Unit at UN Habitat, Dr Shipra where national policies and scored by informed planning to Suri, New Delhi India, an urban city-wide strategies take into include special facilities, active planner and member of the UN consideration public space and community spaces, walkability, Habitat Team that collaborated are able to effectively harness passive surveillance, and data on this project. the power and forces of urban gathering of skill sets, work ex isation. Furthermore the ses perience and employment aspi The book received an over sion highlighted the benefits of rations. whelmingly positive response preparing city-wide strategies from participants, including to protect, create, manage and 4. On 12 February, SALGA, several key international plan enjoy a network of high-quality UN-Habitat and the Depart ning experts. It was agreed at public spaces in a diverse range ment of Human Settle the session that Team South of cities globally. ments launched the publica Africa, together with part tion 'Leading Change: Using ners such as France, Japan and Team South Africa has, through the IGUTP to implement the Uganda, will continue to cham its engagement in the run up to NUA.' pion planning reform and will and during WUF9, gained a deep request UN-Habitat to launch a understanding of the phenom The book is the product of a col global campaign in this regard. enon of urbanisation and its im laborative partnership between plications for South Africa. Work SALGA, the Department of Hu SALGA’s Xolani Sotashe chaired will now unfold to refine the Lo- man Settlements, and UN-Habi the session, and Deputy Minis calising Framework for the Im- tat. This partnership resulted in ters Andries Nel and Zou Kota plementation of the New Urban bringing together leading inter Fredericks both addressed this Agenda. The work will be under national planning experts for a event in the context of urban taken through various platforms, fresh approach to planning in and human settlements plan including in the main, the IUDF the context of the Internation ning coordination and manage Political Steering Committee and al Guidelines on Urban and Ter ment. the IUDF Working Group, and en ritorial Planning adopted by gaged upon with the National Fo UN-Habitat and the approach 5. On 13 February 2018 the City rum on Human Settlements and to planning envisaged in the of Johannesburg, in partner Urban Development, of which New Urban Agenda. ship the Mumbai Environmen WUF 9 Team South Africa are all tal Social Network, hosted a members. The experts included Chris networking session 'Policies tine Platt from South Africa, and city wide strategies: Cre- past President of the Common ating well managed, inclu- wealth Association of Planners, sive, safe and accessible pub- Prof Clifford Hague from Heriot lic space.' – Watt University in Edinburgh, Dr Paul Taylor from Kilifi – Ken The session formed part of the ya, honorary Professor at the Listen to Cities events to give an School of Planning and Geog opportunity for increasing inter

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Gauteng geared towards developing new cities through human se lements Paul Mashatile- former MEC of Human Selements in Gauteng

he year, 1994 marked a new era to engage in a journey to restore the dignity of our people. Provision Tof housing is one of the basic human rights that define human dignity in any civilised society. The ANC government has since 1994 confronted the inhumanity of landlessness and lack of shelter for our people.

This has been a defining initiative and once achieved will make South Africa never to be the same again.

Twenty three years later, we have provided millions of our people with shelter by building more than 4 million housing opportunities across the country. Gauteng accounts for 1 million which houses approxi mately 5 million people. Notwithstanding this significant progress, much more work still needs to be done to achieve the ideal enshrined in the historic Freedom Charter that “There shall be houses, security and comfort for all”. It is against this backdrop that our Department continues to work hard to provide houses to all our people.

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Additionally, the concept of 'Big Cities' reinforces the key principles and considerations of spatial reconfiguration, township economy revi talisation and massive infrastructure investment as a means of trans forming settlements and cities into productive spaces that are inclu sive, sustainable and founded on principles of good governance. Our Big Cities are designed in such a way that they provide for mixed hous ing typologies and security of tenure while fulfilling the principles of integrated development, radical spatial transformation, urban renew al, strengthening institutional capacity and end-user management.

These settlements and Big Cities will contribute to building our Prov ince as a Gauteng City Region (GCR) with equal levels of development across all five of its development corridors, as well as the outcomes expected of the GPG’s TMR strategy. This strategy is underpinned by its 10 Pillars.

These are radical economic transformation, decisive spatial trans formation, accelerating social transformation, transformation of the State and governance, modernisation of the economy, modernisa tion of the public service and the state, modernisation of human set tlements and urban development, modernisation of public transport and other infrastructure, re-industrialising Gauteng as our country's economic hub and taking a lead in Africa's new industrial revolution.

The vision of the Gauteng Provincial Government is to build a global ly-competitive GCR. This vision requires that we implement seamless A very important shift has been programmes across the five development corridors in all our munic made to commit to delivering ipalities, namely, the Central Corridor anchored by the City of Johan houses and not just housing op nesburg as a financial and ICT hub of our economy; the Northern Cor portunities. This is an impor ridor anchored by the City of Tshwane as the automotive industry hub tant shift because everyone will and capital city of our country; the Eastern Corridor represented by agree that people live and sleep the City of Ekurhuleni the manufacturing hub and aerotropolis cen in houses and not in housing op tre of the province; the Southern Corridor anchored by the Sedibeng portunities. Another important (Vaal) area which is the home of the steel industry and a tourist attrac shift, based on the Breaking New tion, particularly with huge opportunities around the Vaal river; the Ground Policy Framework, is that Western Corridor anchored by the West Rand and home of the min we are moving away from small ing industry, agro-processing and a tourist attraction around the Ma sporadic projects to clustered, in ropeng Cradle of Humankind. tegrated, smart Big Cities - Mega Projects. The implementation of this grand plan is aligned to the NDP – Vision 2030 with the roll out of mega projects informed by this approach. We These post-apartheid cities are will endeavour to build compact cities in all these development areas purposefully planned and devel as our new post-apartheid cities. Currently, there are currently 31 me oped so that they are complete ga human settlements projects that are undergoing approval process ly self-sufficient in providing for es across our province. Some of them have already attained all nec the housing, social amenities and essary approvals. About fifteen of these mega human settlements will economic opportunity needs of be coming on stream during the current financial year. the communities. >>>

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Cosmo City housing development in Johannesburg, Gauteng

We have launched the Daggafon tension of the Gautrain system to Gauteng Provincial Government tein Mega project near Springs new areas of the province to im has also budgeted R 49 billion for with another fourteen projects to prove mobility. A feasibility study infrastructure investment during be launched by the end of March on this has now been completed. the Medium-term Expenditure 2018. We are creating these cit Although funding has been made Framework (MTEF) period. ies with the understanding that available for most of these pro decent housing is a human right jects, in some cases more fund Meanwhile, the GPF and the that needs to be satisfied as this ing is still required, particularly Gauteng Infrastructure Finance contributes to efforts to restore for bulk services, and we call up Agency are currently holding bi the dignity of our people. We can on the private sector to partner lateral meetings with various po therefore ill-afford not to pro with us. tential funders/investors. We are vide, within government means, hopeful that we are wetting pri shelter for those who cannot af When launching the Gauteng In vate sector appetite as mega pro ford to provide for themselves. frastructure Investment Confer jects provide investment opportu ence (GIIC) in 2015, Premier Da nities attractive to long-term in As we are building new cities, vid Makhura announced that the vestors such as pension funds. De there is also a need to invest in province needs an injection of pending on the stage of the pro more hospitals, smart schools about R 1.8 trillion to invest in ject, investors should be able to and the improvement of public social and economic infrastruc achieve returns that are consist transport, road (including new ture. We have also in the inter ent with the level of project risk freeways) and other critical in vening period convened an Infra they will be taking. frastructure. The province has structure Investment Summit in planned for eight hospitals to be May this year. After that summit, Indeed we are turning Gauteng built within the next two years. the Gauteng Partnership Fund into a huge construction site. Twenty schools will also be built appointed a fund manager to Hence we are inviting all stake within the same period. kick off our capital-raising cam holders in the built environment paign and we are currently work to join hands with us as we con Currently the Provincial Govern ing with the PIC to raise a R 30 tinue on this journey of restoring ment is finalising plans for the ex billion infrastructure bond. The the dignity of our people through providing decent shelter. 22 | EDITION 03 The HDA can provide the following key services to provinces and municipalities:

an assem ly an lan ac u s t on release support an hol ng an lan hol ng support an geo spat al ser ces rogramme an pro ect portfol o plann ng an management support nformal settlements upgra ng support mergency hous ng support ntergo ernmental support ro ect techn cal mplementat on support

n terms of Sect on of the HDA Act the HDA also atten s to spec al pro ects as man ate y the n ster from t me to t me e g ate ay an anem ula

or more nformat on a out the HDA s t our e s te at theh a co a

An agency of the Department of Human Settlements Phone: 011 544 1000

Working for integration BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal

Premier David Makhura having a word with the emotional Dibueng Bosman and Otlile Bosman, who received a house that their mother had applied for before she passed on.

Riverside View Mega City is the new beginning to Gauteng's densi cation projects Luzuko Pongoma

he rolling out of BNG flats is beneficiaries of fully subsidised ing economic hubs in Gauteng. Tgoing to change the architec houses that are known as BNGs It will have 3332 BNG flats when tural landscape of Gauteng and walk-ups to live in multi storey completed, the project will also also reduce the backlog on the units. have 3324 social and rental units housing list. and 2949 single residential units The project is situated in the for the Financed Linked Subsidy The Riverside View Mega City has north of Johannesburg near Programme (FLISP). The project become one of the province's Steyn City and Riversands, closer is expected to be over R5 billion mega human settlements pro to socio economic opportunities once completed. jects that will enable qualifying within one of the fastest grow

24 | EDITION 03 BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal

Mirriam Moatse, 99, having a conversation with former MEC Paul Mashatile and Premier David Makhura after receiving a

house in Riverside View City. še rolling out of BNG œats is going to change “ “ the architectural landscape of Gauteng...

The flats are part of govern crèches, a clinic and community elderly and the disabled are al ment’s plan of densification in centre and pedestrian walk ways. located at the ground floor. This the province. Densification has The area also has two substations was done by allocating houses to been necessitated by the short to complement the power supply 99 year old Mirriam Moatse, 20 age of land in the province and to the community. year old Dibueng Bosman and its rapidly growing population. 12 year old Otlile Bosman who The FLISP houses will benefit are orphans were part of the 480 Former Gauteng MEC for Coop people regarded to be in the gap people who were allocated hous erative Governance, Traditional market who earn too much to es in the project. Affairs and Human Settlements, qualify for an RDP house but too Paul Mashatile said the flats will little to qualify for a bond from a Dibueng said, “I am amazed by fi have all the amenities such as private financial institution. nally receiving a house. My mom playgrounds for children, a rec always spoke of it, saying it is reational centre for the commu Mashatile launched the project coming. She applied in 2000. It is nity, places for worship, business and lived up to government’s amazing that it is finally happen sites and a shopping centre. promise that the elderly, peo ing. I did not know where I was ple living with disability and child going to go after finishing univer It will also consist of two primary headed households will be prior sity as next year is my final year, it schools, three secondary schools, itised. He also ensured that the is a blessing.”

EDITION 03 | 25 Rural Housing Loan Fund LENDER (Intermediaries) CONTACT PROVINCE Bayport Financial Services Tel: 0861 056 056 Nationally (RHLF) Email: [email protected] Web: www.bayportfinance.co.za Makoko Finance Tel: 079 918 7606/081 801 9353 Limpopo Email: makokofi[email protected] Mandate Web: www.makokofinance.wozaonline.co.za Rural Housing Loan Fund (RHLF) is one of the Human Settlements Development Thuthukani Housing Finance Tel: 012 804 1443 Mpumalanga, Free State, Finance Institutions, which was established by the national government in 1996. Rural Email: [email protected] Western Cape, Gauteng & Housing Loan Fund (RHLF) is in a process of being consolidated to the National Web: www.thuthukani.co.za Limpopo Housing Finance Corporation (NHFC) as the first step towards establishing the Lendcor Group Tel: 086 000 3030 Nationally (through building new Human Settlements Development Bank (HSDB). RHLF’s mandate is to Email: [email protected] material stores) facilitate access to incremental housing finance for households in rural areas Web: www.lendcor.co.za to improve their housing conditions and living environments in supporting Homefin Financial Services Tel: 0861 000 808 Nationally sustainable rural human settlements. Currently RHLF facilitates access to Fax: 086 669 1360 unsecured housing credit for borrowers earning up to R15 000 per month. Email: info@home-fin.co.za Web: www.home-fin.co.za Low income household’s benefits from RHLF funding to improve their Real People Holding Tel: 086 110 1724 Nationally housing and living environments in various ways such as: Web: www.realpeople.co.za Lehae Housing Finance Tel: 058 622 2310 Free State ► Extending or improving the quality of an existing house such as Fax: 086 609 5111 an RDP house, or Email: loans@lehaehousingfinance.co.za ► Adding to own savings to build a new house, or Web: www.lehaehousingfinance.co.za ► Connecting electricity or water to your house, or Kabo Financial Services Tel: 018 013 0357 North West ► Improving sanitation conditions such as building a sceptic O ce cell: 079 591 5993/072 623 0151 tank, or Email: [email protected] ► Buying land to build own home, or Igatsha Rural Tel: 032 552 2150 Kwa-Zulu Natal ► Fencing a home to enhance security. Development (IRDF) O ce cell: 065 801 4668 Fax: 086 552 3471 Email: [email protected] Delivery model Web: www.irdf.co.za RHLF delivers on its mandate through carefully selected Ibuild Homes Loans Tel: 021 701 1948 Nationally- all provinces intermediaries that include commercial retail lenders Email: [email protected] (mainly building material that are registered with the National Credit Regulator Web: www.ibuildhomeloans.com stores and branches) (NCR) and who provide loans to the general public, Home Improvement Finance Tel: 021 851 6357/76 Nationally- all provinces as well as community based organisations such as Fax: 086 537 5626 (mainly building material stokvels that lend to their members only. Through Email: [email protected] or stores and branches) these intermediaries, RHLF is able to reach all homeimprovementfi[email protected] Web: www.bradbury.co.za provinces in a cost eŽective manner.

Rural Housing Loan Fund (RHLF) Contact details:

Postal Address: P O Box 649, Bruma, 2026 Tel: 011 644 9898 Fax: 010 001 4162 Email: [email protected] An agency of the Department Website: www.rhlf.co.za of Human Settlements Rural Housing Loan Fund LENDER (Intermediaries) CONTACT PROVINCE Bayport Financial Services Tel: 0861 056 056 Nationally (RHLF) Email: [email protected] Web: www.bayportfinance.co.za Makoko Finance Tel: 079 918 7606/081 801 9353 Limpopo Email: makokofi[email protected] Mandate Web: www.makokofinance.wozaonline.co.za Rural Housing Loan Fund (RHLF) is one of the Human Settlements Development Thuthukani Housing Finance Tel: 012 804 1443 Mpumalanga, Free State, Finance Institutions, which was established by the national government in 1996. Rural Email: [email protected] Western Cape, Gauteng & Housing Loan Fund (RHLF) is in a process of being consolidated to the National Web: www.thuthukani.co.za Limpopo Housing Finance Corporation (NHFC) as the first step towards establishing the Lendcor Group Tel: 086 000 3030 Nationally (through building new Human Settlements Development Bank (HSDB). RHLF’s mandate is to Email: [email protected] material stores) facilitate access to incremental housing finance for households in rural areas Web: www.lendcor.co.za to improve their housing conditions and living environments in supporting Homefin Financial Services Tel: 0861 000 808 Nationally sustainable rural human settlements. Currently RHLF facilitates access to Fax: 086 669 1360 unsecured housing credit for borrowers earning up to R15 000 per month. Email: info@home-fin.co.za Web: www.home-fin.co.za Low income household’s benefits from RHLF funding to improve their Real People Holding Tel: 086 110 1724 Nationally housing and living environments in various ways such as: Web: www.realpeople.co.za Lehae Housing Finance Tel: 058 622 2310 Free State ► Extending or improving the quality of an existing house such as Fax: 086 609 5111 an RDP house, or Email: loans@lehaehousingfinance.co.za ► Adding to own savings to build a new house, or Web: www.lehaehousingfinance.co.za ► Connecting electricity or water to your house, or Kabo Financial Services Tel: 018 013 0357 North West ► Improving sanitation conditions such as building a sceptic O ce cell: 079 591 5993/072 623 0151 tank, or Email: [email protected] ► Buying land to build own home, or Igatsha Rural Tel: 032 552 2150 Kwa-Zulu Natal ► Fencing a home to enhance security. Development (IRDF) O ce cell: 065 801 4668 Fax: 086 552 3471 Email: [email protected] Delivery model Web: www.irdf.co.za RHLF delivers on its mandate through carefully selected Ibuild Homes Loans Tel: 021 701 1948 Nationally- all provinces intermediaries that include commercial retail lenders Email: [email protected] (mainly building material that are registered with the National Credit Regulator Web: www.ibuildhomeloans.com stores and branches) (NCR) and who provide loans to the general public, Home Improvement Finance Tel: 021 851 6357/76 Nationally- all provinces as well as community based organisations such as Fax: 086 537 5626 (mainly building material stokvels that lend to their members only. Through Email: [email protected] or stores and branches) these intermediaries, RHLF is able to reach all homeimprovementfi[email protected] Web: www.bradbury.co.za provinces in a cost eŽective manner.

Rural Housing Loan Fund (RHLF) Contact details:

Postal Address: P O Box 649, Bruma, 2026 Tel: 011 644 9898 Fax: 010 001 4162 Email: [email protected] An agency of the Department Website: www.rhlf.co.za of Human Settlements BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal

John Dube project to change the landscape of the City of Ekurhuleni Luzuko Pongoma

During the sod turning of John Dube City project from left: Mayor of Ekurhuleni Mzwandile Masina, Premier of Gauteng David Makhura, former Minister of Human Settlements Lindiwe Sisulu and former Gauteng MEC of Human Settlements Paul Mashatile

he biggest mega human set The R 35 billion City will have Paul Mashatile said John Dube Ttlements project in Gauteng Ekurhuleni’s first university, a City was part of government in yet, will change the landscape of new CBD and 10 000 houses of itiative to reduce the backlog of the province. mixed typologies that will include housing, especially in Ekurhuleni. BNG`s, rental/social houses, ful Situated at the periphery of the ly bonded and gap houses among He said that the project was the City of Ekurhuleni, the John Dube others. sixth that has over 10 000 hous City will not only provide houses es in Ekurhuleni and was going to but also revitalise the economy of Former Gauteng MEC for Cooper ensure that government is close KwaTsaDuza (KwaThema, Tsakane ative Governance and Traditional to the realisation of building 100 and Duduza). Affairs and Human Settlements, 000 houses in the municipality.

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“If each Mega Project has more Premier of Gauteng David Makhu Former Minister of Human Set than 10 000 houses, and Ekurhu ra stated that the John Dube City tlements, Lindiwe Sisulu said leni has six, it means we are al will have a University for the chil that the name for the project be ready close to the 100 000 hous dren of the surrounding areas to longed to an outstanding man es to be built by the Ekurhu benefit from: “It has a universi who studied abroad and returned leni municipality in the next five ty so that children can get educa to plough back to the community years,” he said. tion. We cannot build houses for by opening a school. the youth. The youth must learn, Mashatile said that the John Dube get the skills and build beautiful “Today when we talk about John City will benefit the residents of houses for themselves and not Dube, we will not only be talking KwaThema, Duduza, Tsakane and smoke nyaope or get involved in il about Ohlange High School out elderly people, people living with legal activities,” he said. side Durban in Kwa Zulu-Natal, disabilities, child headed house but also about the community of holds and people who applied in Makhura said that the provincial KwaThema, Tsakane and Dudu 1996 from the communities will government was working hard za,” she said. be prioritised. with the City of Ekurhuleni to en sure that the new university has Minister Sisulu said that John The new city will have 10 531 campuses all over the municipal Dube introduced an area for in mixed typology houses which will ity for it to be accessible to more dustrial education within the be built in three phases over a pe children. school he established to pro riod of three years while the en duce people who could have oth tire city which will include casinos In addition to the university, the er skills. and hotels will be built over a pe city will also have a CBD with a riod of 10 years. civic centre, business and com “I want the developer of the pro munity facilities, seven prima ject to know that we are not on The houses will be spread across ry schools, three secondary ly building houses but also creat with 1 500 BNG Standalone Units, schools, 15 local community facil ing jobs for our people. Along 4 110 BNG Walk-ups Units, 2 203 ity sites, two transport stations/ side the building there must be FLISP Standalone Units, 270 Mil multi-modal hubs, 53 local parks training for people to be employ itary Veterans Units, 700 Rental community gardens / allotment, able,” she said. Stock Units, 848 Affordable Bond an industrial and manufacturing ed Units and 900 Site and Servic zone, a regional hospital and a Sisulu called on young people to es Stands. theme park. be part of the project and acquire skills. She added that the city will also have a hotel.

EDITION 03 | 29 DISPUTES IN Applications can be lodged with the CSOS in respect of: Community Schemes Ombud Service COMMUNITY 1. Financial issues 2. Behavioural issues Aordable Reliable Justice SCHEMES ARE 3. Scheme governance issues 4. The conduct of and/or resolution of association meetings An agency of the Department of Human Settlements INEVITABLE AND CAN 5. Management service issues 6. Works pertaining to private and common areas HAVE FAR-REACHING 7. General and other issues CONSEQUENCES. To lodge an application for dispute resolution, applicants’ should

• Ensure that all internal remedies for dispute resolution have been exhausted with The Community Schemes Ombud Service (the CSOS) was established the respective body corporate or sectional title • Complete the CSOS’s dispute resolution application form in terms of the Community Scheme Ombud Service Act, 2011 [Act 9 of • Email the application with supporting documentation to [email protected] 2011]to regulate the conduct of parties within community schemes and to ensure their good governance.

The CSOS provides an alternative, impartial dispute resolution service Gauteng: 63 Wierda Road East, Sandton | Tell: 010 593 0533 for unresolved disputes in community schemes. Any person in a Kwa-Zulu Natal: 7th Floor Aquasky Towers, 275 Anton Lambede Street, Durban | Tell: 031 001 4215 Western Cape: 8th Floor Constitution House, 124 Adderly Street, Cape Town | Tell: 021 001 2569 community scheme may make an application to the CSOS to have their Website: www.csos.org.za dispute resolved through conciliation and adjudication. Applications can be lodged with the CSOS in respect of:

1. Financial issues 2. Behavioural issues 3. Scheme governance issues 4. The conduct of and/or resolution of association meetings An agency of the Department of Human Settlements 5. Management service issues 6. Works pertaining to private and common areas 7. General and other issues

To lodge an application for dispute resolution, applicants’ should

• Ensure that all internal remedies for dispute resolution have been exhausted with the respective body corporate or sectional title • Complete the CSOS’s dispute resolution application form • Email the application with supporting documentation to [email protected]

Gauteng: 63 Wierda Road East, Sandton | Tell: 010 593 0533 Kwa-Zulu Natal: 7th Floor Aquasky Towers, 275 Anton Lambede Street, Durban | Tell: 031 001 4215 Western Cape: 8th Floor Constitution House, 124 Adderly Street, Cape Town | Tell: 021 001 2569 Website: www.csos.org.za 1 2

3

THEMBELIHLE SOCIAL HOUSING LAUNCH

1. Minister of Human Settlements Nomaindiya Mfeketo. 2. Gauteng MEC of Human Settlements Dikgang Uhuru Moiloa, Minister of Human Settlements Nomaindiya Mfeketo and Executive Mayor of the City of Tshwane Solly Msimanga. 3. City of Tshwane Executive Mayor Solly Msimanga. 4. Social Housing Regulatory Authority (SHRA) Chief Executive Officer Rory Gallocher. 5. Members of the community during the launch of Thembelihle Social Housing project in the City of Tshwane. 4

6

WORLD URBAN FORUM 9 CONFERENCE IN MALAYSIA 78

6. Monika Glinzler (Human Settlements), Sheila Hughes (COGTA), Xolani Sotashe (SALGA), Andries Nel Deputy Minister of Coop erative Governance and Zou-Kota Fredericks Deputy Minister of Human Settlements during the panel discussion debate. 7. The coordinator of the South African Federation of the Urban Poor (FEDUP), who is also on the Management Committee of Shack/Slum Dwellers International (SDI) Rose Molokoane. 8. Human Settlements Director-General Mbulelo Tshangana with SALGA delegates. 8 BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal

Rolling out of serviced stands to discourage land invasion in Gauteng Luzuko Pongoma

he roll out of serviced stands This led to the Gauteng Depart said that the Gauteng govern Tby the Gauteng Department ment of Human Settlements ment, working with municipali of Human Settlements will pro working closely with municipali ties has a clear vision of how to mote orderly development and ties and communities in the prov build the province going forward reduce the backlog on houses in ince to ensure the programme of and wants communities to work the province. rolling out serviced stands is real with them. ised. A number of communities used “We must discourage land inva the Izimbizo and Ntirhisano meet Former Cooperative Governance sion so that we have orderly de ings to request the government and Traditional Affairs and Human velopment; we must build our cit to allocate them land so that they Settlements MEC, Paul Mashatile ies properly,” said Mashatile . are able to build for themselves.

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BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal We must discourage land invasion so “ that we have orderly development, we “ must build our cities properly...

The Summit was attended by Mashatile called on the commu but it will not be our biggest pro community leaders from across nity to work with government in gramme as it takes up a lot of land the province, traditional lead a coordinated manner for land so there will be a balancing act of ers, land owners, developers and identification, provision and al mixing walk-ups and stand-alone business people. location so as to avoid land inva houses because Gauteng is grow sion. ing fast. So much so that we have Mashatile said that government to use land in a very smart way, was going to fight for orderly de “We should be able to provide we cannot afford for everybody velopment and will not allow land people with sites in an orderly to get their own site, we have to invasion and sporadic building of way so that we do not have spo build flats,” he said. houses and informal settlements. radic development because we The summit also discussed other are building a globally competi Bongani Baloyi, Mayor of Midvaal ways of mitigating land grabs. tive city region. We are building Municipality said that the munic post-apartheid cities and even ipality was working on a parallel “These serviced stands are not for the land that we want to provide, process as it was in negotiations everyone, they are for the people it must be on suitable land, close with land owners and was also who qualify because sometimes to economic opportunities and busy with layout designs. It is also people invade land because they other amenities and not on the working on the selection of ben do not qualify. Serviced stands peripheries,” he said. eficiaries, which is based on the are for Gauteng residents who waiting list and also with re-regis are South Africans who qualify in Former MEC said that the prov tering those who qualify, but are terms of the criteria and I would ince did not have enough land not in the system. like to warn people not to call and had started densification their relatives in other provinces, through building walk-up flats in Baloyi said that this will ensure to come occupy land or take over mega cities. that when the land has been their shacks when they are allo bought, other processes will al cated stands,” said the MEC. “We will provide serviced stands ready be at advanced stages.

EDITION 03 | 37 BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal

Impact of the Native Land Act of 1913 on human se–lements

BNG Editorial Team

The Native Question While the initial part of land dis The Natives Land Act (No: 27 possession began with annexa of 1913) The history of white colonial land tion and division of territory, over dispossession did not begin with time proclamations were made One major step taken by the the passing of the Native Land and laws were enacted by both white minority government in Act in 1913, it spans back to the the Afrikaners and the British addressing the issue of the `Na expansion of Dutch colonial set to dislodge African people from tive question, ` was passing of tlements in the Cape. Land and their land while consolidating ar the Natives Land Act (No: 27) on livestock dispossession result eas of white settlement. Thus, 19 June 1913. This act had a pro ed in wars between the Khoik by the time the Land Act of 1913 found effect on the African pop hoi, San, and a number of other was enacted, South Africa was al ulation across the country. It also ethnic groups against the coloni ready moving in the direction of laid down the foundation for oth al settlers. With increasing con spatial segregation through land er legislation which further en quest of Africans came the is dispossession. One of the key trenched dispossession of Afri sue of how to deal with African legislations that laid down the can people and segregation later people, which the government of foundation for a spatially divided of Coloured and Indian people. the day termed the `Native Ques South Africa was the Glen Grey tion.` Act passed in 1894.

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Africa’s land. This was increased larly harsh. It has been explained to 13.5% by the Native and Land that its major portion is intended Trust Act which was passed in to reduce Natives to serfs” (Na 1936. tive Life in South Africa, p.100). African people forced to move to Impact of the 1913 Land Act the reserves, also later known as on ownership homelands, often could not find enough land for human habitat. Perhaps the most visible impact of the Act was that it denied Af In essence, the Land Act be ricans access to land which they came a critical edifice in the con owned or had been leasing from struction of a racially dived and White famers. Sol Plaatje wrote, spatially segregated South Af “As a result of the passing of the rica. Subsequent Acts such as Natives Land Act groups of na the Urban Areas Act (1923), Na tives are to be seen in the differ tives and Land Trust Act (1936) ent Provinces seeking for new and the Group Areas Act (1950) land. They have crossed over (commonly known as influx con from the Free State into Natal, trol) reinforced the land dispos from Natal into the Transvaal, session and segregation in South and from the Transvaal into Brit Africa. ish Bechuanaland (now called Botswana)” (Native Life in South National Development Plan Africa, p.99). Evidently, the Act (NDP) seized the very asset which was central to lives of African people Since 1913, a great deal of pro and rendered them destitute. gress has been made especial ly after the first democratic elec The Act also “minimised compe tions in 1994, but South Africa is The Act defined a native as: “any tition by denying blacks the right still far from achieving the Recon person, male or female, who is to purchase land and the op struction and Development Pro a member of an aboriginal race portunity to become sharehold gramme (RDP) goals of “break or tribe of Africa; and shall fur ers on white owned land.” In es ing down apartheid geography ther include any company or oth sence, the Land Act marked the through land reform, more com er body of persons, corporate or end of the limited independence pact cities, decent public trans unincorporated, if the persons which African farmers had on port and the development of in who have a controlling inter white-owned land. dustries and services that use lo est therein are natives.” (Natives cal resources and/or meet local Land Act No: 27 of 1913). Meanwhile African farm workers needs.” (National Development struggled to hold on to a land of Plan, 2012) Clearly, this affected millions of their own, no matter how small Africans. The Act’s most cata the piece. Thus, the impact of The National Development Com strophic provision for Africans the Land Act to black people was mission has proposed a strategy was the prohibition from buying profound. It dispossessed and to address the apartheid geog or hiring land in 93% of South Af locked black people in servitude. raphy and create the conditions rica. In essence, Africans despite As Solomon Plaatje wrote, ““The for more humane – and environ being more in number were con section of the law debarring Na mentally sustainable – living and fined to ownership of 7% South tives from hiring land is particu working environments.

EDITION 03 | 39 BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal

It is a strategy that responds di rectly to the South African Con stitution, and especially to the provisions in the Bill of Rights that affirm the right of all toa healthy environment; access to adequate housing; and access to basic services.

Through the National Develop ment Plan, the state will review its human settlements policies to better realise constitutional housing rights, ensure that the delivery of sustainable human settlements is to be used to re structure towns and cities and strengthen the livelihood pros pects of households.

In order to embrace the aspira tions stipulated in the Constitu challenges that confront the en man settlements. However, bold tion and the strategic thrust of tire country is that of having to measures taken over a sustained the National Development Plan tackle the unique question of de period could change the trajecto on the transformation of human racialising residential space. This, ries of spatial development and settlements, the Department of more than anything else, reflects could mean considerable gains Human Settlements’ policy direc the real evil of apartheid social for ordinary citizens and for the tion is outlined in Outcome 8. engineering which motivated the national economy. This process United Nations in 1973 to pass must be speeded-up now to stop Housing for the Poor a unanimous resolution declar and reverse the dysfunctional pat ing apartheid a crime against hu terns that have continued since The main focus of the housing de manity. To undo this, it will take 1994. livery strategy remains the poor gigantic efforts over a long peri est of the poor, many of whom od, requiring major resources. A fundamental reshaping of the are in and around informal settle colonial and apartheid geogra ments. These squalid areas have Roadmap to 2030 phy may take decades, but by the their history deeply rooted in the next two decades (Vision 2030) 1913 Natives Land Act. The shadow of the Natives Land South Africa should observe a Act of 1913 and other legislations meaningful and measurable pro De-racialisation of residential that followed are still evident in gress in reviving rural areas and areas the post-apartheid South Africa. in creating more functionally in There are no quick fixes for trans tegrated, balanced and vibrant Top of the list of all budgetary forming the functioning of hu urban settlements.

40 | EDITION 03 BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal

Public participation in the integrated human se lements planning

Dr Jennifer Mirembe

n 20 October 2017 I participated in the Urban Thinkers Campus Pretoria convened by the South Afri Ocan Institute of Architects through the leadership of the African Union of Architects, UN HABITAT and the World Urban Campaign. The Slum Dwellers International non-governmental organisation criticized the state for not prioritising the participation of local communities in the Upgrading of Informal Settlements. As a Senior Manager in the Human Settlements Planning unit, I was intrigued to share insight on the par ticipatory nature of the planning process of the Human Settlements Development Grant Business Plan.

The anchors of the participatory tial Development Framework of ince and the municipality. process of the Human Settle municipalities, as well as the Built ments Development Grant Busi Environment Performance Plan Furthermore, the Bill 2017 chal ness Plan which directs the use (BEPP) for metropolitan munic lenges the National Department of the Human Settlements De ipalities. Participation between of Human Settlements to provide velopment Grant are policy and the province and the municipal support to provinces and accred legislation. For instance, the Di ity is inevitable. In addition, prov ited municipalities concerning vision of Revenue Bill legislation inces must indicate the prerequi human settlements delivery. Also presents the Departments partic site budget allocations consistent the National Department should ipatory process as a link between with the provincial and related undertake structured and oth Provinces, Municipalities, and municipal backlogs for adequate er visits to provinces and metro the National Government. More housing. Provinces must agree politan municipalities. A good ex over, the Division of Revenue Bill with municipalities a plan for the ample is the support and partici 2017 directs alignment between provision of basic services to all pation between the national de all projects in the approved busi households served in new hous partment and provinces under ness plan, the Integrated Devel ing developments. Said different taken during the compilation of opment Plan (IDP) and the Spa ly, there should be a participa the plan for the 2018/19 finan tory process between the prov cial year.

EDITION 03 | 41 BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal

Commencing 11 May 2017 sev three consultative sessions be this plan happens through a hu eral working sessions took place. tween July and August 2017. In man settlements and built envi For instance, on 4 July, all stake the Western Cape Province, and ronment inter-governmental and holders were invited to a work the Gauteng Province two con multi-sector planning and budg shop on the technology of the sultations were held. In Limpopo eting, that meets every quarter. HSDG business-planning tool. province, five consultation ses In addition to the 4 July session, sions were held between July According to the Housing Act (2) the frequency of the support ses and August 2017. (a) any municipality may partici sions to provinces varied as fol pate in a national housing pro lows. Two Northern Cape, Kwa Consequently, the product of gramme in accordance with the Zulu Natal, Free State and the the participatory process be rules applicable to such pro North West participation ses tween the national, provincial gramme. In addition section 1 (d) sions were held. However, for and municipal spheres result Housing Act states that (under the North West Province not ing in the draft provincial busi section 1) National, provincial withstanding the initial resist ness plans for the 2018/19 finan and local spheres of government ance not to be migrated to the cial year and project readiness must-encourage and support in new business planning tool cit matrix were successfully submit dividuals and communities, (un ing none-functional formulas in ted to the National Department der section d) including, but not the business planning tool, North by 31 August 2017. The second limited to, co-operatives, associa West embraced the corrected draft business plans were sub tions and other bodies which are business planning tool as issued mitted by 13 October 2017. The community based, in their efforts in July 2017. While the KwaZulu final provincial business plans, to fulfil their own housing needs Natal Province had received the project readiness matrix, in by assisting them in accessing planning tool instrument in early cluding cash flow projections land, services and technical assis July 2017, within two weeks the and compliance certificates for tance in a way that leads to the province had identified a new the 2018/19 financial year were transfer of skills to, and empow set of projects for implementa submitted to the National De erment of, the community. tion. The Eastern Cape Province partment by 09 February 2018. and Mpumalanga Province had Moreover, the monitoring of The question therefore is at what

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BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal še IDP is the link between the national“ government planning, provincial “government planning, municipal planning and the community. point the community participa For instance, it is clear in the (2015), Section 5 states that it is tion in the planning process be Constitution Chapter 7, Section core to the functions of the Mu tween the National Department 152 that the objects of local gov nicipal Manager (continued in of Human Settlements, the Pro ernment are (subsection 1 e) to 5.1) to ensure the development vincial Department of Human Set encourage the involvement of of a culture of public participa tlements, and the Municipality communities and community or tion. In synchrony with, the Mu happen. Consequently, the aim ganisations in the matters of local nicipal Systems Act sections 16 of the Bill 2017 is to ensure a par government. Similar arguments and 17, the Municipal Manager ticipatory process between prov are articulated in the Municipal (sub section a) must encourage inces and municipalities guid Systems Act 16 (1). and create conditions for the lo ing all implementable projects to cal community to participate in be included in the municipal In Section 72 (3) of the Munici the affairs of the municipality, in tegrated Development Plan (IDP) pal Structures Act 117 of 1998 cluding in - (sub section i) in the and Spatial Development Frame as amended states that: The ob preparation, implementation and works of municipalities. The IDP ject of a ward committee is to review of the municipality’s Inte is the link between the national enhance participatory democra grated Development Plan (IDP). government planning, provincial cy in local government. In addi Moreover, the process must be government planning, municipal tion according to public partici open to the public as per section planning and the community. pation policies in municipalities 20(1) of the Municipal Systems such as Cederberg Municipality Act.

EDITION 03 | 43 1. Use a registered builder and sub-contractors. Assuring Quality 2. Register your new home 15 days before you start building. 3. Demand that a minimum of four inspections are done during Homes Since 1998 construction. 4. Before signing your “happy letter”, make sure you are satisfi ed The NHBRC is here to protect your rights with the quality of your new home. as a new homeowner, by ensuring that our 5. Address any construction related issues with your builder in the registered builders deliver a quality home that fi rst three months of moving into your new home, to take you can enjoy for generations to come. advantage of your Warranty Cover. BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal

Rural Vulindlela partners with government to upgrade and achieve their housing dreams

Tuso Zibula

Vulindlela rural project, Pietermaritzburg, KwaZulu-Natal

he slogan ‘working together we can do more’ attracted some crit The implementation of PHP is in line Ticism from some pessimists, but the people of Vulindlela outside with Government’s broad vision of Pietermaritzburg in KwaZulu-Natal took it in and acted upon it. enhancing participatory democ racy as well as the National Devel Through the Vulindlela rural-enhanced People’s Housing Process opment Plan (NDP), which empha (PHP), these communities formed a partnership with government and sises the need for “a people-cen produced one of the biggest housing schemes in the country. tered” service delivery approach.

EDITION 03 | 45 BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal

It is against this background that ter gutters and a 2 500 litre water Beneficiaries here organised the Department of Human Set storage tank (jojo) or a 40m² with themselves into the Vulindlela tlements chose to celebrate the tiled roof and a jojo tank. Development Association (VDA), delivery of 4.3 million houses and a non-profit Section 21 compa housing opportunities since 1994 The communities’ active involve ny and they are represented on in Vulindlela. KwaZulu-Natal con ment means that they have tak the organisation by amakhosi tributed about 725 078 to the 4.3 en charge of their own develop (chiefs). That communities under million houses, while Vulindlela ment and it’s guaranteed that the leadership of not one, but alone now stands at 12 300 and they would love and value these five chiefs, could work togeth will grow to 25 000 by the end of houses. And they do. the implementation process in 2018. Take the case of a 12-year-old boy from Taylors Halt whose Vulindlela proved that working wheelchair-bound grandfather together with our people, we benefited from the Vulindle can do more to house our com la project. From a one-roomed munities better. The project gave mud house, this family now lives the five benefiting communi in a brick house consisting of ties a say in the designs of hous two bedrooms, a sitting room, a es they wanted, the size and how kitchen and an inside bathroom. they want to benefit econom Instead of making fire inside the ically from the entire process. house to keep warm like they did To achieve these benefits, they before, they now have an electri stood up and made a contribu fied home. tion. “Never in a million years did I This is also an important project think I would have a house like because while the current gov this. Now when they talk about ernment has delivered beyond government, I will assert that expectations on housing, there there is a government in South are sometimes unhappy ques Africa… a government that takes tions about the product. People care of its poor people. I am proof do not complain that they don’t of that. My life has changed for have houses, they however ask ever,” said the grandfather after Construction site at Vulindlela rural project questions about either the size or the house was officially handed the design of the houses. It be to him. came clear that the 'one-size-fits er in harmony and achieve such all type of houses can no longer The Vulindlela housing project is a milestone, is a demonstration work for our people. situated on the rural land owned that South African citizens are by the Ingonyama Trust, with willing to lend a hand where they With Vulindlela communities are in the uMgungundlovu District can to help government deliver involved in decision-making pro Municipality. The vast majori adequately. cesses from the start to the end. ty of residents of this area live Beneficiaries in this project have in dwellings ranging from wattle The ultimate outcome is sustain got an option of a 49m² house and daub, tin shacks and formal able human settlements that built on a heavily re-enforced raft block homes. Vulindlela’s face every party, most importantly foundation to accommodate lo has started to change though. the beneficiaries, is proud of. To cal conditions as well as rainwa ensure that quality standards are

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adhered to, the National Home after completion in 2018, the aggregate materials for the pro Builders Registration Council skills and profits will remain in duction. (NHBRC) monitors and approves the community. The experience every step of the entire project. gained and lessons learnt can Today about 2 000 full time em then be used to render services ployment opportunities have In addition to this though, the to and empower other commu been created for previously un Vulindlela housing project boost nities. This is different from oth employed community members. ed local economic development, er housing projects, which are Poverty eradication is a reality, created a platform for skills train built by contracted companies thanks to income from employ that move in to do the job ment opportunities created by and leave with all the profits, this housing development. often without sharing skills with the locals. While the monetary benefits are always a welcome result, it is the Approximately R6-million cur long-term benefits such as those rently goes directly to Vulin that go to civil engineering stu dlela communities every dents from Durban University of month in a form of wages and Technology and the local Further salaries as well as an income Education and Training (FET) col to cooperatives. At least 10 lo leges, who receive on-site train cal Small, Medium and Micro ing by professional engineers. For Enterprises (SMMEs) bene the mostly young beneficiaries, fit from the project, as well as these are the skills that no one 13 community based co-oper can take away from them and atives and the local building these are permanent contribu sector which has been rejuve tions to their career growth. nated through the purchasing of raw material. Vulindlela is also contributing to the national cohesion that we al Nothing is sourced from out ways preach as a country. This side communities, except for project has seen people who the expertise that is necessary used to oppose each other polit for ensuring that quality is not ically, working together and res Construction site at Vulindlela rural project compromised and that there idents displaced by political vio is adequate capacity building lence of the past, are now bene and management. The VDA, fiting like any South African living ing and transfer, created jobs, through community owned co in this democratic country. Vulin helped empower communities operatives, manufactures con dlela therefore continues to con with leadership and entrepre crete blocks, ready-mix concrete, tribute to reconciliation. neurial skills and helped strength ready-mix mortar as well as steel en accountability because the window and door frames. This is It might be happening brilliant eyes and ears of the communi made possible by the Establish ly in KwaZulu-Natal today, but ty are firmly on every step of the ment and Facilitation Grant. Com Vulindlela can materialise any project. munity owned cooperatives also where in South Africa. Proving provide supporting services such that working together we can in Funded mainly by housing subsi as delivering ready-mix concrete deed do more and the future of dies, the Vulindlela housing pro and mortar and delivering build this country is in our hands. ject is exceptional in that even ing materials as well as carrying

EDITION 03 | 47 BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal

From Grootboom to Melani: championing the upgrading of informal se lements in South Aica Prof Marie Huchzermeyer

Student from University of Pretoria participated in building with the community of Slovo Park informal settlement

he upgrading of informal set national strategic statements as through Breaking New Ground, Ttlements is a well-recog well as legislation – the National the Upgrading of Informal Settle nised policy agenda in South Development Plan, the Integrat ments Programme (UISP). A ded Africa. Aligning with national pri ed Urban Development Frame icated National Upgrading Sup orities of poverty eradication, work and the Spatial Planning port Programme alongside the creation of active citizenry and and Land Use Management Act. Housing Development Agency the reduction of inequality, the Informal settlement upgrading promote and assist with the im urgency of informal settlement was entrenched into the South plementation of this approach. upgrading is highlighted in major African subsidy system in 2004

48 | EDITION 03 BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal

However, to date municipalities ried out in fairness and consid plans for relocation to a TRA, if and provinces, and the consult eration of the vulnerable circum not underpinned by studies that ants they draw on, understand stances of informal settlement have proven that in situ upgrad the UISP as an optional pro residents. A further assumption ing is technically impossible, are gramme. Provincial departments is that informal settlement dwell not valid reasons in this case. of housing or human settlements ers can wait indefinitely until the seldom receive applications un promised housing project is actu This principle was underlined in der the UISP. Thirteen years since ally implemented. This prolongs April 2016 by the Melani judge the adoption of this programme adverse living conditions that in ment in the Gauteng High Court. into the Housing Code, it is still clude the risk of households los What Grootboom did for the re considered acceptable to deny ing all belongings, if not lives, in view of national housing poli informal settlements the imple shack fires. cy, Melani achieved for the im mentation of the UISP because plementation of informal settle council decisions or plans already In the drafting of the UISP, this ment upgrading. Irene Groot exist for housing projects or relo problem was debated and ad boom found herself and over cations, or because conditions dressed. The UISP is an incremen 500 others in desperate need of exist that make conventional sub tal programme. It begins with the immediate relief from unbeara sidised housing development on immediate improvement of liv ble living conditions. They took it this land unfeasible. ing conditions through basic ser upon themselves to occupy un vices. The UISP states very clearly used land, but were evicted im The fundamental difference be that it is inclusive of all residents mediately. With nowhere to go, tween the UISP and a hous of an informal settlement. It is to they camped on a sports field ing project is seldom under empower communities. Its fun and from there approached the stood. Housing is delivered only damental principle, relevant to court for temporary relief. A legal for qualifying households, it can all informal settlement dwellers, process that resulted in a Con never serve the needs of an en is that relocation must be treat stitutional Court judgement in tire informal settlement. Where ed as a last resort, after all pos 2000 required the national Hous housing projects are planned for sibilities for an in situ solution ing Department to return to the the land occupied by an informal have been exhausted. Under the drawing board. Four years lat settlement, it is assumed that UISP, the removal of households er, programmes for emergency temporary relocation of existing into temporary relocation areas housing and upgrading of infor occupiers and subsequent allo (TRAs) is a form of relocation that mal settlements were incorpo cation of newly delivered units is must be minimised. Where relo rated into the national Housing easily carried out. In reality, these cation is considered necessary, Code. are deeply contested processes the reasons have to be sound. Ex because they are so rarely car isting Council decisions or plans Mohau Melani, as Chairperson for a housing project or existing of the Slovo Park Community De A dedicated National Upgrading“ Support Pro- gramme alongside the Housing Development “Agency promote and assist with the implemen- tation of this approach.

EDITION 03 | 49 BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal velopment Forum (SPCDF) en gaged the City of Johannesburg over many years for the upgrad ing of the Slovo Park informal settlement. While SPCDF bro kered the delivery of VIP toilets on each informally demarcated stand in Slovo Park, and the oc casional grading of roads, living conditions remained strained un der the absence of adequate wa ter supply and formal electricity connections (and resultant shack fires). In a complex chain, condi tions such as poor storm water drainage prevent the adequate provision of temporary basic ser vices. After many promises, de lays and disappointments, SPCDF took the decision to approach the court for the implementation of the UISP in Slovo Park. Unlike in the Grootboom case which travelled all the way to the Con stitutional Court, the High Court ruling in favour of the Mohau Melani and others was not ap pealed. The High Court judge ment stands as such. It is binding to all municipalities in Gauteng, and is persuasive precedent in all other provinces. tives SERI, and with the City of officials, lawyers, researchers, Johannesburg housing officials lecturers and students. It is commonly known that Irene and the City’s legal department, Grootboom did not live to expe to oversee the City’s application Whereas the Grootboom case rience the fruits of the South Af to Gauteng Province under the made its way through the courts rican housing policy. She died in UISP. On 31 October 2017, short in 2000 in relative isolation and 2008 still living in a shack in pov ly after City of Johannesburg Irene Grootboom and her com erty. Sadly Mohau Melani also agreed to a workshop that would munity remained in this state, did not live to see the core princi pilot participatory in situ layout Slovo Park is well known in the ples of the UISP implemented in planning in a small portion of Slo informal settlement sector in Slovo Park and all other informal vo Park, Mohau Melani passed Gauteng Province. Slovo Park settlements to which the judge away. This news shocked the SP has been host to many exchang ment applies. Under his leader CDF, the Slovo Park community, es and learning experiences. Pre ship, the SPCDF represented the those involved in the task team, toria University’s architecture Slovo Park community on a Task and beyond this a network of in students have had life-changing Team with its legal representa formal settlements, and of NGO immersions, living in Slovo Park

50 | EDITION 03 BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal for several weeks in a row. Mo Most informal settlements, Slo through the UISP will be the only hau Melani and the SPCDF lead vo Park included, are not particu viable route to ensuring inclusion ership have spoken several times larly suitable for permanent de and beginning a process of per to MBE (Housing) students and velopment. Applicability of the manently improving living condi stakeholders at Wits Universi UISP is easily doubted by officials tions in an incremental process. ty. Research students have been and their planning consultants. Maintaining the structure of the welcomed, embraced and guid In the case of Slovo Park, dolomit SPCDF is critical in this process, ed in Slovo Park. Whether in the ic ground has long been held up particularly as it contemplates classroom, in meetings, or in the as the reason for relocation. Mo how to prevent back yard densi dusty roads of Slovo Park, those hau Melani had helped steer the fication in future. In Slovo Park, exposed to the insights and ex task team back to the spirit of the the conditions are such that no planations of Mohau Melani and Melani judgement: to minimise UISP can be implemented with his team had their perceptions relocation and the disruption to out any relocation. SPCDF has changed. As Dr Carin Combrinck lives. In Slovo Park, as is increas worked hard to ensure adjacent of Pretoria University’s Architec ingly the case in informal settle land is earmarked for the relo ture department states, Mohau ments across Gauteng, dwellings cations that cannot be avoided. Melani was able to transition be are no longer built only of zinc. Here it is important to highlight tween worlds, bridging ‘chasms Brick or cement stones are an ef that the applicable programme of sterotypes and impossibilities’. fective investment against shack for relocations from informal set fires and the excesses of climate, tlements is also the UISP, with its These are qualities that any even where long-term tenure core principles of reducing pov champion of the UISP requires. has not been secured. erty, minimising disruption of Too often, informal settlements lives and empowering communi are boxed as undesirable, best In Slovo Park, the NHBRC will in ties. to be destroyed and replaced sist on slab foundations before with neat layouts. Assumptions township establishment can go As we mourn the passing of Mo are that planners and architects ahead. But unless incremental hau Melani, the South African can create more suitable envi routes to compliance are sought, human settlement sector will ronments and communities, and in which the immediate risk of no doubt build on his legacy as a that these can be implement subsidence is reduced through champion of the UISP. ed in undisruptive ways. Slovo storm and grey water manage Park’s openness to the outside ment and other mitigating strat Acknowledgements: this short world has allowed many to learn egies, we risk prolonging dan article draws on discussions with that complex communities exist ger while budgets are awaited in the Slovo Park task team and in informal settlements. These for the complete destruction of within the technical team invit are by no means always harmo homes and delivery of housing ed to advise the SPCDF in this nious, nor is leadership unques on compliant slab foundations. process, in particular Neil Klug, tioned. The existing leadership The inevitable displacement of Jhono Bennett and Carin Com in the case of the SPCDF under non-qualifying households into brinck. stands these challenges, and re other informal settlements, and the challenge of the subsequent fines its approach, structures and Marie Huchzermeyer is a Professor incremental formation of back reach on an ongoing basis. This in the field of housing in the School yard rental structures, will frus requires an immense sacrifice in of Architecture and Planning at Wits trate any acquired status of com time and resources, a constant University, where she also currently pliance and defeats the point. availability in which livelihood ac directs the Centre for Urbanism and tivities and even health consider Built Environment Studies (CUBES). ations are often put on hold. The Slovo Park case is demon strating that minimal disruption

EDITION 03 | 51 BUDGET VOTE

Date: 10 May 2018 Venue: Old Assembly , Parliament MINMEC PRIORITIES

National Development Plan Delivery of housing needs for 5 854 military veterans Fast tracked delivery of houses in line with the govern ing party’s election manifesto – 1,4 million in five years Revitilisation of mining towns through housing Eradicate the title deeds backlog – 900 000 Ensuring all new homeowners (563 000) have title deeds Massive consumer education campaign Visiting all National Priority Projects – check on pro gress and challenges POST-BUDGET VOTE STAKEHOLDER BREAKFAST

Date: 11 May 2018 Venue: CTICC, Cape Town OBJECTIVES

Highlight progress on the implementation of MINMEC priori ties and an update on current issues affecting provinces.

Provide a platform for stakeholders to engage with MinMEC on human settlements policies and programmes

Celebrate the achievements of over 4.6 million houses and subsidies provided since 1994.

Strengthen partnerships towards the 6 million houses and subsidies by 2019. BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal

54 | EDITION 03 BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal

Bank §nancing requirements for innovative building technology housing

anks in South Africa can play cially those who intend owning been the cost of a home. Given Ba crucial role in the process of an IBT home. the rapidity of construction of IBT technology innovation diffusion homes, such construction meth by providing financing for pro Although many IBT products have odologies provides labour savings spective homeowners when pur been available to consumers for and hence an opportunity to re chasing an existing property or years they have become more duce the cost of top structures. constructing a new home using prominent as a result of a height Further, tests conducted both innovative building technology ened interest in sustainability and internationally and locally have (IBT). Commercial bank mortga green building techniques. It is al demonstrated that the materials gees have product specifications/ so inevitable that through tech used in many IBT systems are su standards in place, which guide nology innovation mankind pro perior to that of 'brick and mor applicants who wish to acquire or gresses and improves on tra tar from a fit-for-purpose, energy construct a home. ditional construction materials efficiency, thermal efficiency and and methodologies. Further, the water penetration perspective. Each bank has its own internal Minister of Human Settlements product, risk and sales process has emphasised the need for in Internationally IBT is used ex es and they all aim to ensure that creased housing delivery and that tensively while home builders in their requirements for obtain this needs to be achieved in a South Africa pre-dominantly seek ing a home or construction loan more cost effective and efficient conventional brick and mortar are in compliance with relevant way without compromising qual homes as they have not been ex national building legislation e.g. ity. posed to IBT in any way. For IBT Housing Consumer Protection to gain the necessary opportunity Measures Act (Act 95 of 1998), as This calls for innovation in meth to change public perception and amended, and the National Build ods of construction and materi preferences, a concerted effort ing Regulation and Standards Act, als in all market segments, includ or intervention will be required 1977 (Act No. 103 of 1977). Clar ing subsidised housing. Due to from product providers, Depart ifying these bank requirements the consumer affordability con ment of Human Settlements and provides useful information for straints, a major barrier to in builders or developers. prospective homeowners, espe creased levels of delivery has

EDITION 03 | 55 BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal

The banks qualifying criteria for obtaining a construction loan is provided as follows:

• A home loan training pro is required who is regis • A copy of the detailed tender gramme will be provided before tered with the National Home and quotations. the finance can be registered. Builders Registration Council • Minimum specifications and a • Each mortgagee has home loan (NHBRC) will need to be ap schedule of finishes. qualifying criteria e.g. eligibili pointed. Generally, up to three • Prior to registration of the ty, affordability, credit and em quotations from contractors bond, a waiver of the builder’s ployment track record criteria. could also be required as well lien and proof of Contractor's Should an applicant meet these as a building contract. The All Risk Insurance Cover is criteria, a mortgage loan is 'ap property is also required to be required. proved in principle' subject to enrolled with the NHBRC. • Prior to any progress pay the applicant providing all the • A copy of provisional or ap ments from the loan the Bill relevant information. proved municipal building of Quantities schedule of work • A reputable building contractor plans completed by registered completed must be completed. professionals.

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Requirements for obtaining bank financing for affordable IBT housing

Financing for IBT (also known as alternative building technology) is subject to the normal bank lending cri teria for mortgage finance. In addition to this, IBT must also meet criteria and policies on rational designs. A banks rational design policy would require compliance with all structural engineering and architectural design considerations. Key approvals are in accordance with the Housing Consumer Protection Measures Act (Act 95 of 1998), as amended, the National Building Regulation and Standards Act, 1977 (Act No. 103 of 1977), and meet the requisite social or target market acceptance levels, amongst key considerations.

Mortgagees generally seek that an IBT system has demonstrated its viability and sustainability through an established track record. Moreover, it is critical that prospective IBT home owners understand the attrib utes of the construction materials used e.g. load bearing, maintenance, alteration/extension ability etc. They therefore require an IBT certificate holder to provide educational training to potential beneficiaries. Where possible, lenders also require a developer to provide consumers with a show house so that they can physically view the product that they intend buying.

EDITION 03 | 57 BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal

Criteria for obtaining a bank lender with proof of pre-sales ing that they have a good under loan for which relevant (normally between 60% and standing of the construction ma documents need to be 80%) in order for a lender to terial/methodology as well as re provided provide development finance. quired maintenance levels, proof • For subsidy housing projects, of the cost feasibility of the IBT, The applicant will have to meet • a show home would add the proof that an engineer was ap the standard home loan quali benefit of obtaining communi pointed to verify the IBT construc fying criteria as provided above. ty buy-in. tion, the IBT track record and that • A copy of the Agrément • Prior to registration of the bond at least one IBT house was con Certificate or NHBRC rational a waiver of the builder’s lien and design approval. proof of Contractor's All Risk structed in South Africa. • A copy of building plans and Insurance Cover is required. schedule of finishes complet • Prior to any progress pay It is evident from the above that ed by registered professionals ments from the loan the Bill bank requirements for IBT con signed by the owner. of Quantities schedule of work struction loans are more strin • Proof that the prospective us completed must be completed. gent than for conventional home- er has undergone comprehen • Normally, there is a retention and construction loans. Instances sive product and finishes edu fee of approximately 5% of the where less conservative lending cational training (includes so construction costs by a bank. criteria might apply for IBT could cial acceptance letter from the Before the final payment is be where performance of tech consumer). made to a contractor/develop nologies are better known and • Municipal approved plans and er, the home owner is required have proved to perform well over an occupancy certificate (once to sign a “happy” letter, which time. house is constructed). aim is to ensure that all work • A copy of the NHBRC enrol has been completed to the sat ment certificate and proof of isfaction of the home owner, in What is required is for the Depart the NHBRC registered contrac cluding defects. ment of Human Settlements or a tor and engineer. municipality to act as “market • A cost breakdown of the IBT sys Comparison between maker” in order for developers to tem that in principle does not conventional and IBT bank be prepared to incur the risk of exceed the cost of convention financing requirements introducing IBT at scale within a al building material. If the IBT development. Banks should in ad system surpasses this cost the To reduce possible risks to banks, dition to the IBT lending policies likelihood is that a lender will more conservative lending pol also consider incentive packages require the prospective home icies apply to financing hous for homeowners intending to add owner to inject additional eq es built with IBT. When compar energy efficiency interventions uity into the home (this is how to their existing home or when ever dependent on the profile ing the lending criteria for IBT of the consumer and individu homes with conventional homes building a green home, given the al bank risk policy). it is clear that the general require cost savings which such home • Proof that a registered engineer ments for income, age and citi owners will enjoy. This initiative will be appointed to verify the zenship are similar, but these dif could be achieved through rele IBT construction. fer in the stringency of the tech vant local or international part • One IBT house of a specific sys nology and social requirements. nerships. This will entice home tem should have been built that The additional requirements for owners to building better quality can be used as a basis to com obtaining IBT finance therefore homes, which are more sustain plete the cost feasibility and include the Agrément Certificate, able. technical assessment. This will social acceptance letter by the be relevant for developments. home owner/community leader This is an edited position paper compiled For mortgaged units, a devel by NHBRC Centre for Research and Inno- • (for subsidy units), acceptance let vation. oper is required to provide a ter from the applicant confirm

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Through Community Residential Units programme government aims to improved the lives of people in hostels

Overcrowding, an element of inadequate housing at Mogale City hostels Dr Salphinah Vuloyimuni Ubisi

vercrowding is one of the (Sowetan Live 2017:1). Hostels den in Deliurs, Phillips & Rankin- Ocharacteristics of inadequate are infrastructures which were Smith 2014:225). The migrant la housing (United Nations 2012:70) built with the intention of accom bour system is hundred and fifty and it is essential for the demo modating migrant labour workers years (150) old (Wilson 2017:7; cratic governments to provide in cities and mines (Cloete & Pi Posel 2017:6). The hostel system adequate housing to the poor cit enaar 2005:44). The migrant la was a cornerstone of the apart izens more specifically the ur bour system laid a foundation of heid economy but continues to ban poor (Strauss 2017:246). The racial discrimination which result function in an altered form (Jo hostel problems currently expe ed in migrant labour workers be sephy 2014:444). Many scholars, rienced by public hostel dwellers ing denied urban resources such including (Humby 2016:657-658) need to be addressed urgently in as permanent residential space believe that the legacy of the mi order to provide adequate hous or accommodation (Ramphele grant labour system is one of the ing. These hostel problems in 1993:15). Hostels were designed key causes of the Marikana mas clude: (a) overcrowding (b) poor to minimise: (a) capital’s labour sacre in 2012. This paper is based water and sanitation (c) filthi costs (b) control and surveillance on a study conducted by the au ness (d) dilapidated walls in most over black workers (Nieftago thor in 2013. rooms (e) leaking pipes and toilets

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tunity of illegally bringing their dwellers is overcrowding. Mpehle The Abolition of the Influx wives and children into the hos (2012:220) conducted a study at Control Act 68 of 1986 as the tels which resulted in non-reg the Mamelodi hostel and the re catalyst of overcrowding at the istration of new hostel dwellers, sults revealed that the hostel con Kagiso hostel poor management of the hostel ditions are not conducive for hu In terms of section 1 of the Ban blocks and overcrowding (Jooma man habitation. tu Areas Act (25 of 1945), a hos 1991:105). The announcement tel is proclaimed as a Bantu area of unbanning of all political par Some of these unconducive con which is used for the housing of ties and liberation movements by ditions include overcrowding, single men and women (Wilson the former president Mr FW de rubble of dirt, blocked toilets, 1972:31). Hostels were declared Klerk in 1990 escalated the hos filthy kitchens, long uncut grass Bantu areas for housing single tel problems. This is because po that breeds rats and which is of men and women who worked litical violence broke out and left ten used as toilets by other hos for more than one employer in many public hostels vandalised tel dwellers and sewage waste urban areas and they (hostels) which further escalated the over caused by leaking pipes. These were original built as single sex crowding problems. The Kagiso unconducive conditions were also institutions. Bantu/black peo hostel was no exception. observed at the Kagiso hostel and ple were living in townships and a further study is recommended Overcrowding as an element of hostels which had high densities on the living conditions of public inadequate housing (overcrowded) and inadequate hostel dwellers in Gauteng prov services. The apartheid govern Overcrowding is a serious prob ince, specifically in Johannesburg. ment repealed the segregative lem in many public hostels al Magome (2013:1) reported that laws (influx control laws or reg though it (overcrowding) var the Saulsville hostel dwellers used ulations) in 1986 by promulgat ies from hostel to hostel (Veda curtains to demarcate living spac ing the Abolition of Influx Con lankar 1993:132). Overcrowding es due to overcrowding. This was trol Act (68 of 1986). This Act re does not affect the Kagiso hostel also observed at the Kagiso hostel moved all restrictions on move dwellers only because other stud and in some instances, the cur ment of black people in urban ar ies conducted at other hostels tain demarcation separated dif eas. The Influx control regulations revealed that hostel rooms are ferent households in one room. prevented black people from mi overcrowded. A study conduct Taking into consideration that the grating with their families or set ed by Behit-Gbaffou & Mathoho Social Housing programme which tling permanently at their em (2010:25) at the City Deep hos was introduced in 2008 is also ployment’s places. Black people tel revealed that overcrowding aimed at addressing public hostel migrated from homelands and of the City Deep hostel rooms re problems, these problems should rural regions to white urban are sulted in establishment of infor have been mitigated through this as to find employment (Marx & mal dwellings around the hos programme. In addition, the 1994 Posel 2013:820). One of the con tel. Soul City informal settlement manifesto of the African National sequences of the abolition of the near the Kagiso hostel was also Congress (ANC) as the ruling party influx control regulations in 1986 established by some Kagiso hos for ‘better life for all’ was founded was the total disregard of public tel dwellers according to one in on the idea that serviced houses hostels which resulted in over formant, due to overcrowding of built of mortar and bricks, having crowding and lack of municipal the hostel rooms. Mothotoana adequate space and privacy, elec basic services (Xulu 2014:142). (2011:68) conducted a study at tricity, running clean water, prop The promulgation of the Aboli Nobuhle and City Deep hostels. er sanitation and paved streets tion of Influx Control Act (68 of The results revealed that one of among other things will be pro 1986) also provided public hos the biggest challenges faced by vided to all (Blank 2015:1068). tel dwellers with a golden oppor Nobuhle and City Deep hostel

60 | EDITION 03 BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal

Overcrowding implies unpleasant housing that does not meet min ing are discussed below. conditions caused by too many imum expectations of housing. people or things being in the Marginal housing or settlement One of the objectives of the ANC same place and it (overcrowd are housing units which lack ba in 1994 was to improve housing ing) occurs when the number of sic housing amenities and are not development (Setswe 2010:10). people exceeds the number of fit for human habitation (Organi Furthermore, section 26 (1) of beds and space in a household sation for Economic Cooperation the Constitution of the Republic or room which results in house and Development 2007:467). Ac of South Africa states that every hold crowding (Stohr & Walsh cording to Blake, Kellerson, & one has a right to have access to 2012:75). Household crowding Simic (2007:2), the most com adequate housing. For the fact means that a particular room or mon measure of overcrowding that 100% of the Kagiso hostel household has fewer bedrooms is persons-per-room in a dwell dwellers are bona-fide South Af or less space than the number of ing unit. According to United Na ricans as revealed by the results, household residents. Crowding is tions (2012:70), overcrowded they deserve adequate housing used to measure either people housing conditions in urban areas as constitutionally provided. It per room or bedroom or people are caused by poverty and low in should be noted that the hostel per square metre (Office of the comes. Vakil & Whittles (2017:1) redevelopment programme was Deputy Prime Minister 2004:6; attest to this by reporting that replaced by the Community Resi Baker, Barnard, Goodyear & How a drunk man stabbed his father dential Units (CRU) Programme in den-Chapman 2012:5). House in Eldorado Park due to lack of 2004 with the aim of introducing hold crowding has a major risk space in their room. This pair was family life to public hostel dwell factor on transmission of most forced to sleep next to one an ers. The results also revealed that close-contact infectious diseas other in the same room instead 88.9% of the hostel dwellers were es (Baker, Howden-Chapman, of being in separate rooms due to not living with their dependants McDonald & Zhang 2013:71). overcrowding of the flat they are due to inadequate spaces in their The Australian Bureau of Statis living in which was built by the rooms which should had been ad tics (2011:1) regards overcrowd apartheid government. Some of dressed by the implemented hos ing as the component of marginal the consequences of overcrowd tel redevelopment programme.

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Consequences of overcrowded ple compete for limited resourc crowding has significant physi hostel rooms or households es and suffer from contagious cal and psychological health on and infectious diseases (Adegoke hostel dwellers or overcrowded Overcrowding increases inci 2014:7). households (Adegoke 2014:7-8). dence of communicable diseases, social problems and lack of basic In addition, adequate housing is a Lack of space due to overcrowd necessities (De Haan 1996:261). component of the right to an ade ing causes: (a) lack of intima Some of the most common infec quate living standard (United Na cy (b) possibility of being alone tious diseases which are caused tions 2012:6). Strauss (2017:250) (c) lack of access to interactions by overcrowding are rheumatic supports this statement by stat and stimulations (c) lack of mini fever, childhood pneumonia, skin ing that adequate housing is mum amount of quiet time need infections, influenza, tuberculo one of the elements of adequate ed for personal development (Of sis and diarrhoea (Baker, Barnard, standards of living. Some possible fice of the Deputy Prime Minis Goodyear & Howden-Chapman impacts of overcrowding include: ter 2004:801). Family members 2012:4). The most reported air- (a) difficulty in securing or hold in overcrowded environments bone infectious diseases caused ing down of employment which suffer from stress and anxiety by overcrowding include malaria, hampers affordability of ade and also transmit their infections skin rashes, colds, flu, respiratory quate housing (b) sick people can to other members easily. Over and urinary tract infections (Ade be forced to live in overcrowded crowded households have more goke 2014:7). Overcrowding has conditions so that relatives can intimacy and marital problems direct and indirect effects on chil support and take care of them which create other social prob dren. Direct effect of overcrowd (sick people) (Office of the Dep lems which can be prevented if ing implies that children’s edu uty Prime Minster 2004:6). The citizens are not accommodat cation is affected due to lack of author observed sick people at ed in overcrowded households space for homework and indirect the Kagiso hostel whose relatives or homes (Baldassare in Blau, La effect due to school absences stated that they brought them to Gory & Pipkin 1983:155). The De caused by illnesses (Office of the the hostel so that they can get bet partment of Human Settlements Deputy Prime Minister (2004:6). ter medication at the local clinics (2014:17) defines a home as an Overcrowding also has a social and hospitals compared to their asset that offers entry point to negative impact because there village clinics. But the author is social, commercial and work op is a correlation between hous of the view that their (sick peo portunities so that people can re ing conditions during childhood ple) health conditions can deteri gard themselves as full citizens. A and probability of dropping out orate due to high possibilities of house is more than a home be of school before earning a diplo being infected by other infectious cause it has an address which in ma. This is because if each child diseases caused by overcrowd dicates one’s social position (Mal has his or her own space in the ing as mentioned above. Some pass & Murie 1999:1). This is house, performance at school of the common problems that not the case for the Kagiso hos will be excellent and yields good are caused by overcrowding are: tel dwellers because majority of schooling career (Goux & Mau (a) poor sleep (b) loss of weight them are still living in the old hos rin (2005:815). It was further ob (c) lethargy (d) lack of privacy (e) tel blocks built by the apartheid served that the majority of the restlessness (f) worries (g) physi regime. Hostel blocks as famously single women were living with cal withdrawals. known are hostel structures (Xu their children at the Kagiso hos lu 2014:145) tel. Overcrowding affects all age These common problems are categories because crowded peo caused by the fact that over

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64 | EDITION 03 BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal

A meta-perspective on the dialogues on emerging Information and Communication Technology (ICT) and the impact thereof on people, space and planning

Dr Jennifer Mirembe

uring the past few years, For instance, news and informa increasingly organised around in Dthrough the transformation tion emanating from social media ternet-based software and peo of South Africa (from 1994 on shows increasing complexities of ple are better placed to hold the wards), and with the recent de living in South Africa. The uncer government accountable. velopments and expansion of tainty of the economic climate, ICT and related e-technologies, the threats to the livelihoods of The impact of ICT on people, South African urban regions have the poor such as the recent so space and planning in South Af increasingly become the first cial grants 'crisis', unemployment, rican cities is phenomenal. ICT choice destination for many peo poverty, and racial strife have has penetrated the DNA of every ple in this country. marred the life climate of South cell of South African cities, with Africa (or the lifeworld as referred specific reference to communica The new types of communica to by Habermas). Many people, tion, human conduct, emotions, tion and information, and emerg especially the poor, now look to networks, urban space econo ing e-cultures, which developed the state and the justice system my, urban planning and planners. through ICT during the past few (courts) for assistance. Communication and information years, were very fast and power technologies have increasing ful. On the one hand, this had a Amidst these complexities, we ly captured the fancy and imagi major positive impact on human find that people have been enor nation of South Africans, through conduct and emotions, as it cre mously (em)powered through the way in which ICT and e-tech ated so many experiences and the growth of technology and nologies produce information fresh emotions as well as new op ICT. In South Africa, the power that increasingly demonstrates portunities to connect and com of technology, also referred to as the possibilities of a better qual municate. However, these new e-power, has also (em)powered ity of life, job opportunities, en e-technologies and e-cultures al people in many ways. Through tertainment and e-services. so had other severe impacts on the internet, politicians can Therefore, many people living in human conduct and emotions, communicate with and monitor South African cities are constant as these were increasingly being large masses of people, crime is ly in search for new opportunities characterised by some assertive more easily recorded on mobile through information that is avail ness, violence and aggression. phones and reported, security is able through the internet.

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BNG Human Settlements Sector Journal še new types of communication, information“ and emerging e-cultures, which developed “ through ICT during the past few years, were very fast and powerful.

The irony for me, in South Afri there was progress, the inequali study, in my humble opinion suc ca with its fragmented landscape ty in South African cities has in a ceeded in presenting: (and many fault lines), is that a sense reached its peak as a result • The most recent discourses on large proportion of poor, jobless of ICT. For example, while Gov topics related to ICT (within the and uneducated South Africans ernment is making large invest context of the subject matter); live in remote rural areas. Many ments in ICT infrastructure, there • Various discussions and inter of these people do not even is a need for resources for basic pretations of the discourses; know of ICT, internet or the pos infrastructure to meet the de • An “initial” overview of the cur sibilities that this new technol mands of high numbers of people rent and potential impacts of ogy presents, while others who migrating to South African cities ICT and the emerging new tech do know, can either not afford to because of urbanisation. There nologies on people, space and connect, or they fall outside of fore, the future has become un urban planning; the reach of the connections (or certain, not only for people liv • An overview of power, how the networks). Then there is also ing in South African cities, but al power relates to the new tech a group of people who, in view so for urban planners and plan nologies and the powers associ of their background or particu ning. I cannot refrain from mak ated with, or created by ICT; and lar circumstances, do not have ing the point that urban planning • Lastly, an overview of the real the knowledge and capability and urban planners in South Af ities and future possibilities for to actually operate and use the rica are not doing enough to ex South Africa, and a metro region technology. This is commonly re ploit and study the challenges, such as the City of Tshwane. ferred to as the digital divide. changes and opportunities result ing from ICT. For me, the study presented the It was somewhat scary for me to reasons why it is important to observe, through the readings and In conclusion, for me, there has understand ICT as a construct, experiences presented by schol to be doubt that this journey its properties, opportunities and ars, how ICT and the powers there has covered the most impor threats, its powers, as well as the of have penetrated people, peo tant landscapes (bearing in mind possible and potential impacts of ple’s places, urban spaces and the demarcation of the territory ICT on people, space and plan the field of urban planning. How and the focus of the study). The ning. ever, I also found that while

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