Traffic Edge Administrator's Guide Release
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Traffic Edge Administrator’s Guide Release 1.5 June 2002 Copyright Ó 1999-2002 Inktomi Corporation. All rights reserved. INKTOMI, Traffic Server, Traffic Edge, Traffic Edge Media Edition, Traffic Edge Security Edition, Media Distribution Network, MediaBridge and the tri-color cube design are trademarks and registered trademarks of Inktomi Corporation in the United States and other countries. Adobe is a registered trademark of Adobe Systems Incorporated in the United States and in other countries. Apple, Macintosh, and QuickTime are trademarks or registered trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. in the United States and in other countries. Java, Solaris, Sun, Sun Microsystems, and Ultra are trademarks or registered trademarks of Sun Microsystems, Inc. in the United States and in other countries. SPARC is a trademark or registered trademark of SPARC International, Inc. in the United States and in other countries. Linux is a trademark of Linus Torvalds in the United States and in other countries. Microsoft, Windows, Windows NT, and Windows Media are trademarks or registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and in other countries. Netscape and Netscape Navigator are registered trademarks of Netscape Communications Corporation in the United States and in other countries. Pentium is a registered trademark of Intel Corporation in the United States and in other countries. RealNetworks, RealPlayer, and RealServer are trademarks or registered trademarks of RealNetworks, Inc. in the United States and in other countries. Red Hat is a registered trademark of Red Hat, Inc. in the United States and in other countries. UNIX is a registered trademark in the United States and in other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd. Other product and brand names are trademarks of their respective owners. Portions of Traffic Edge include third party technology used under license. Notices and attribution are included at the end of this manual. Content Networking Solutions Group 4100 East Third Avenue Foster City, CA 94404 Phone: (650) 653-2800 Fax: (650) 653-2801 Web: http://www.inktomi.com Contents Preface ..................................................................................................................................... 15 Who Should Read This Manual ......................................................................... 15 Conventions Used in This Manual .................................................................... 15 Chapter 1 Overview ........................................................................................................ 17 What Is Traffic Edge? ........................................................................................... 17 Traffic Edge Deployment Options ..................................................................... 18 Traffic Edge as a Web Proxy Cache ...............................................................18 Traffic Edge as a Reverse Proxy.....................................................................18 Traffic Edge in a Cache Hierarchy.................................................................19 Traffic Edge in a Cluster..................................................................................19 Traffic Edge as a DNS Proxy Cache ..............................................................19 Traffic Edge Components.................................................................................... 20 The Traffic Edge Cache ...................................................................................20 The RAM Cache ...............................................................................................20 The Adaptive Redirection Module (ARM) ..................................................20 The Host Database...........................................................................................21 The DNS Resolver............................................................................................21 Traffic Edge Processes .....................................................................................21 Administration Tools.......................................................................................22 Traffic Analysis Options ...................................................................................... 23 Traffic Edge Security Options............................................................................. 24 Chapter 2 Getting Started .............................................................................................. 25 Starting Traffic Edge............................................................................................. 25 Starting Traffic Edge in UNIX........................................................................25 Starting Traffic Edge in Windows .................................................................25 Verifying That Traffic Edge Is Running............................................................. 26 Accessing Traffic Manager .................................................................................. 27 Using the Monitor and Configure Tabs........................................................28 Using Online Help...........................................................................................28 Starting Traffic Line.............................................................................................. 29 Starting Traffic Shell............................................................................................. 29 Stopping Traffic Edge........................................................................................... 30 Stopping Traffic Edge in UNIX......................................................................30 Stopping Traffic Edge in Windows ...............................................................30 Chapter 3 HTTP and FTP Proxy Caching ..................................................................... 31 Understanding HTTP Web Proxy Caching...................................................... 31 Ensuring Cached Object Freshness ................................................................... 33 HTTP Object Freshness ....................................................................................... 33 Modifying the Aging Factor for Freshness Computations ....................... 34 Setting an Absolute Freshness Limit............................................................ 34 Specifying Header Requirements ................................................................. 35 Cache-Control Headers.................................................................................. 36 Revalidating HTTP Objects ........................................................................... 37 FTP Object Freshness........................................................................................... 39 FTP Objects Requested by HTTP Clients..................................................... 39 FTP Objects Requested by FTP Clients......................................................... 40 Scheduling Updates to Local Cache Content .................................................. 41 Configuring the Scheduled Update Option................................................ 42 Forcing an Immediate Update ...................................................................... 43 Pushing Content into the Cache ........................................................................ 44 Configuring Traffic Edge to Accept PUSH Requests................................. 44 Understanding HTTP PUSH ......................................................................... 46 Pinning Content in the Cache ............................................................................ 46 To Cache or Not to Cache? ................................................................................. 48 Caching HTTP Objects ........................................................................................ 48 Client Directives .............................................................................................. 48 Origin Server Directives................................................................................. 50 Configuration Directives................................................................................ 51 Forcing Object Caching....................................................................................... 54 Caching HTTP Alternates................................................................................... 55 Configuring How Traffic Edge Caches Alternates..................................... 55 Limiting the Number of Alternates for an Object ...................................... 57 Using Congestion Control .................................................................................. 58 Caching FTP Objects............................................................................................ 59 Disabling FTP-Over-HTTP Caching............................................................. 59 Disabling FTP Proxy Object Caching ........................................................... 60 Disabling Caching of Full or Simple Directory Listings............................ 61 Chapter 4 Streaming Media Proxy Caching ................................................................. 63 Understanding Streaming Media Proxy Caching........................................... 63 Using QuickTime ............................................................................................ 63 Using Real Networks.....................................................................................