U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service Research Note SE- 296 July 1980

A CHECKLIST OF COMMON of THE APPALACHIAN TRAIL IN THE NANTAHALA NATIONAL FOREST, NORTH CAROLINA

by Arnold Krochmal’ and Connie Krochmal

This Note lists the plants that a hiker is likely PTERIDOPHYTA to notice on the Appalachian Trail in the Nanta: Lycopodiaceae Club-Moss Family hala Forest, North Carolina. The list is one ofthe results of an inventory of life along the Trail Lycopodium L. sp. as it passes through Southern National Forests. Club-moss Only plants that were conspicuous because of (12) their size, large population, or leaf or flower color L. cluvutum L. are listed. Fungi, grasses, mosses, and lichens are Running cedar excluded. Since each trail section was visited only (18) once, some plants whose flowers are conspicuous Ophioglossaceae Adder’s_Tongue Family at times other than that of the inventory may be Botrychium virginiunum (L.) SW. excluded. Rattlesnake-fern Whenever possible, the nomenclature in (12,13,14,15,16,17) Gruy’s Mun~al oj’Botany is followed. Names of Osmundaceae Flowering Fern Family plants that do not appear there are from Munuul oj Osmundu cinnumomru L. the Vascular Floru oj’ the Curolinus and from Cinnamon-fern Norm oj' West Virginia. (12,13,14, IS, 16,17,18,19) Numbers appearing after each plant indicate the sections of the Trail on which the species is 0. cluytoniunu L. found. The numbers are keyed to the accompany- Interrupted fern ing map (fig. I ). (19) Polypodiaceae Fern Family 12 Little Tennessee River to Stecoah Gap Adiantum prdatum L. 13 Stecoah Gap to Sassafras Gap Maidenhair-fern 14 Sassafras Gap to Wesser, (12,13,16,17) I5 Burningtown Gap to Wayah Gap Asplrnium L. sp. I6 Wayah Gap to Wallace Gap Spleenwort I7 Wallace Gap to Big Spring Gap (12,W I8 Big Spring Gap to Deep Gap Dryoptrris Adans. sp. I9 Deep Gap to Bly Gap Wood-fern (18) D. hexugonopteru (Michx.) Christens. Broad beech-fern (16,17,18) ‘Economic Botanist. Asheville. North Carolina

Southeastern Forest Experiment Station - Asheuille, North Carolina . . u 15 BURNINGTOWN \

WAYAH

“‘“-APPALACHIAN TRAIL \

BLY GAP ; NORTH CAROLINA I I’

Polypodium virginiun44m L. P. rigidu Mill. Rock-polypody Pitch-pine (18) ( 13,14,19) Polystichum ucrostichoidrs (Michx.) P. strohrrs L. Schott White pine Christmas fern (12, IS) ( 12,14, IS, 16,17,18,19) Ts14gu cun4rdrnsi.r (L.) Carr. Pteridium uquilimrm (L.) Kuhn Hemlock Bracken fern ( 12,14,15,16,17.18,19) ( 12,13,14,18)

SPERMATOPHYTA Angiospermae Gymnospermae

Pinaceae Pine Family Aceraceae Maple Family Juniprrl4s virginiana L. Acer pensylvanicum L. Red cedar Striped maple (14) (12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19) Pinus pungens Lamb. A. rubrum L. Table- Mountain pine Red maple ( 12,14, IS) (12,13,14,15,18,19) A. saccharinum L. Asclepiadaceae Milkweed Family Silver maple Asclepias exaltata L. (1617) Poke milkweed A. spicatum Lam. (13,14,16,17,18) Mountain-maple A. quadrijtilia Jacq. (12,16,17) Four-leaved milkweed (16317) Amaryllis Family A. tuberusa L. hirsuta (L. ) Coville Butterfly-weed Yellow stargrass (14) ( 12.13.14.15,16.17.18) Balsaminaceae Touch-Me-Not Family Anacardiaceae Cashew Family Impatiens capensis Meerb. Kl~rs copallintr L. Jewelweed Winged-sumac (14,15,19) ( I?. 19) 1. pallida Nutt. R. glrrhl-u L. Pale jewelweed Smooth sumac (12,13,16,17,19) ( 14, IS, 19) Berberidaceae Barberry Family R. rtrdicans L. Caulophyllum thalictroides (L.) Michx. Poison ivy Papoose-root ( I2.14.I5.16,17) (12,15,19) Diphylleia cymosa Michx. Dogbane Family Apocynaceae Umbrella-leaf Vinca minor L. (12,15,16,17) Periwinkle Podophyllum peltatum L. (17) May-apple (12,13,14,15,16,17,18) Aquifoliaceae Holly Family Campanulaceae Bluebell Family 1le.r montana T. & G. Campanula americana L. Mount,ain-holly Tall bellflower (18) (12,15,19) I. oprrca Ait. C. divaricata Michx. American holly Southern harebell (13,15) (12,15,19) Araceae Arum Family Lobelia L. sp. Lobelia Arisaema triphyllrrm (L.) Schott Jack-in-the-pulpit (12) ( 12. IS. 16.17.19) L. inflata L. Indian-tobacco Araliaceae Ginseng Family (19) Arabia nudicaulis L. L. siphilitica L. Wild sarsaparilla Great lobelia (16,17,19) (19) A. spinosa L. Specularia perjoliata (L.) A. DC. Hercules’-club Venus’s looking-glass (12) (15) Aristolochiaceae Birthwort Family Caprifoliaceae Honeysuckle Family Aristolochia macrophylla Lam. Diervilla sessilijtilia Buck]. Dutchman’s pipe Bush-honeysuckle (12,13,15,16,17) (15718)

3 Loniceru japonica Thunb. Tradescantia L. sp. Japanese honeysuckle Spiderwort (14, IS) (18) Sambucus canadensis L. Elderberry T. ohiensis Raf. (15,19) Spiderwort (16, 17) S. pubens Michx. Red-berried elder T. rosea Vent. (15) Spiderwort Viburnum L. sp. (16317) Viburnum (13 T. subaspera Ker Spiderwort V. acerifolium L. Maple-leaved viburnum (12,13,14,15,16,17,19) (12319) V. alnifolium Marsh. Compositae Composite Family Hobblebush (19) Achilles millefolium L. Y arrow V. cassinoides L. (12,15,19) Wild-raisin (16317) Ambrosia L. sp. Ragweed Caryophyllaceae Pink Family (12315) Dianthus armeria L. A. artemisiifolia L. Deptford pink Ragweed (1215) (16,17,19) Saponaria ofhcinalis L. Aster L. sp. Bouncing-bet Aster (15) (12,13,14,16,17,19) Silene stellata (L.) Ait. f. A. divaricatus L. Starry campion White wood aster (12, 15, 18, 19) (15,18,19) S. uirginica L. A. novae-angliae L. Fire-pink New England aster (12,13,i4,15,16,17,18) (12) A. paternus Cronquist Celastraceae Staff-Tree Family White-topped aster Celastrus scandens L. (18) Bittersweet A. pilosus Willd. (12) Frost aster Euonymus L. sp. (18) Spindle-tree Cacalia atriplic$olia L. (12) Pale Indian-plantain Clethraceae White Alder Family (19) Clethra acuminata Michx. Chrysanthemum leucanthemum L. (Leucanthe- Sweet pepperbush mum vulgare Lam.) (12,14,15) Ox-eye-daisy! (12,15,16,17,18,19) Commelinaceae Spiderwort Family Chrysupsis mariana (L.) Ell. Commelina L. sp. Golden aster Dayflower (12) (12) Coreopsis L. Sp. H. paniculatum L. Coreopsis Panicled hawkweed (15) (12,15,19) C. mujor Walt. H. pratense Tausch Whorled coreopsis King devil (12,15,18) (16717) C. mujor var. stellata (Nutt.) Robins. H. venosum L. Coreopsis Rattlesnake-weed (13,19) (13) Erigeron L. sp. Krigia Schreb. SP. Fleabane Dwarf dandelion (12,15) (15,181 E. unnuus (L.) Pers. K. montana (Michx.) Nutt. Daisy-fleabane Dwarf dandelion (13,14,15,16,l7,19) (15,181 E. cunudensis L. Lactuca canadensis L. Horse-weed Wild lettuce (12) (12,15,19) Etrputorium L. sp. L. scariola L. Thoroughwort Prickly lettuce (13,16,17,18) (12) E. jistulosum Barratt Polymnia uvedalia L. Joe-pye-weed Bearsfoot (15) (12,151 E. muculutum L. Prenanthes serpentaria Pursh Joe-pye-weed Rattlesnake-root (12,15,19) (15,181 E. perfoliutum L. P. trijoliatu (Cass.) Fern. Boneset Gall-of-the-earth (19) (12,13,14) E. purpureum L. Rudbeckiaftdgida Ait. Sweet joe-pye-weed Brilliant coneflower (19) (15) E. rugosum Houtt. R. hirta L. White snakeroot Black-eyed Susan t 19) (12,13,14,15,18) Gulinsogu ciliutu (Raf.) Blake Senecio smullii Britt. Peruvian daisy Squaw-weed (15) (15,16,17) Heliunthus L. sp. Solidago L. sp. Sunflower Goldenrod (12,151 (12,15,18) Heliopsis heliunthoides (L.) Sweet S. curtisii T. & G. Ox-eye Curtis’ goldenrod (12,191 (15) Hierucium L. sp. S. giganteu Ait. Hawkweed Late goldenrod (12,15,19) (19) H. gronovii L. S. roanensis Porter Hairy hawkweed Goldenrod (16,171 (19) 5 S. trliginosa Nutt. Cruciferae Mustard Family Bog goldenrod Arubis canudensis L. (19) Sicklepod Turuxacnm oj$cinule Weber (15,19) Dandelion Lepidium virginicum L. (15) Poor-man’s pepper Vernonia noveborucensis (L.) Michx. (13) Ironweed (19) Dioscoreaceae Yam Family Convolvulaceae Convolvulus Family Dioscorea batatus Dcne. Cuscutu L. sp. Chinese yam Dodder (12,13,14, IS, 18) (15) C. rostrutu Shuttlew. D. quuternatu (Walt.) J.F. Gmel. Beaked dodder Wild yam (15,19) (12,14,15,16,17,18,19) Cornaceae Dogwood Family Cornus L. sp. D. villosa L. Dogwood Wild yam (19) (13,16,17,18) C. ulternifolia L. f. Pagoda-dogwood Ericaceae Heath Family (12,1.5,18,19) Epigaea repens L. C.floridu L. Trailing arbutus Flowering dogwood (12,13,14,16,17,18) ( 12,13,14,15,16,17,18) Corylaceae Hazel Family Gaylussaciu HBK. sp. Alnus serruluta (Ait.) Willd. Huckleberry Tag alder (18) (15,19) G. buccata (Wang.) K. Koch Betulu lentu L. Black huckleberry Cherry-birch (12714) (12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19) G. ursina (M.A. Curtis) T. & G. ex Gray B. luteu Michx.f. (B. alleghaniensis Bearberry Britt.) (12,14,15,16,17) Yellow birch Kalmia latijolia L. (12,13,14,15,16,17,19) Mountain-laurel (12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19) Curpinus caroliniana Walt. Ironwood Lyonia ligustrinu (L.) DC. (13,15) Maleberry Corylus umericunu Walt. (18) America1 hazelnut Menziesia pilosu (Michx.) Juss. (12) Minnie-bush C. cornutu Marsh. (18) Beaked hazelnut Oxydendrum arboreum (L.) DC. ( 18) Sourwood Crassulaceae Orpine Family (12,14,15,16,17,19) Sedum L. sp. Rhododendron L. sp. Stonecrop Azalea (15) (19) R. calendulaceum (Michx.) Ton-. Q, jLlcutu Michx. Flame-azalea Spanish oak (12,13,14,15,16,17,18) (13,14) R. ccrta\~*hirnsr Michx. Q. prinus L. Mountain rosebay Chestnut-oak (15,16,17) (12,13,14) R. muximum L. Q. ruhru L. Rosebay Red oak (12,13,14.15,16,17.18.19) (12,13,14) R. tninus Michx. Q. ruhru var. borealis (Michx. f.) Farw. Rhododendron Northern red oak (12.15) (18) R. ciscosum (L.) Torr. Q. stellata Wang. Swamp-honeysuckle Post-oak (15.18) (14) Vaccinium L. sp. Q. velutina Lam. Blueberry Black oak ( 13,14,15, I’)) (13,14,16,17) V. atrococcutn (Gray) Heller Geraniaceae Geranium Family Black highbush-blueberry (12,15) Geranium L. sp. Cranesbill V. constahlaei Gray Blueberry (l&19) ( 16.17,18) G. maculutum L. Spotted cranesbill V. stamineum L. (13,15,16,17) Deerberry (16,17,18) Guttiferae St. John’+Wort Family V. vacillans Torr. Hypericum L. sp. Low blueberry St. John’s_wort (12,16,17,18) Euphorbiaceae Spurge Family (12) H. mutilum L. Euphorhia corollutu L. Dwarf St. John’s_wort Flowering spurge (12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19) (19) Fagaceae Beech Family H. punctatum Lam. St. John’s_wort Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh. (12,13,14,15,18) American chestnut (12,13,14,15,16,17. IX, IO) H. sputhulutum (Spach) Steud. Shrubby St. John’s_wort C. putnilu (L.) Mill. Chinquapin (15) (15,19) Hamamelidaceae Witch-Hazel Family Fagus grandt’jolia Ehrh Humumelis virginiuna L. Beech Witch-hazel (12,18,19) (12,15,16,17,18,19) Quercus L. sp. Oak Hippocastanaceae Buckeye Family (12,15) Aesculus L. sp. Q. alha L. Horse-chestnut White oak (19) (13,14,15,16,17,18) A. octandra Marsh. Pycnanthemum montanum Michx. Yellow buckeye Mountain-mint (12,13,14,15,16,17) (12,15) P. tenuifolium Schrad. Hydrophyllaceae Waterleaf Family Mountain-mint Hydrophyllum canadense L. ( 18) Waterleaf Scutellaria elliptica Muhl. (IS, 16,17) Hairy skullcap (13,14,15,18) Iris Family iridaceae S. serrata Andr. Iris L. sp. Skullcap Wild iris (12) (12) Stachys latidens Small Hedge-nettle Walnut Family Juglandaceae (181% Carya Nutt. SP. Trichostema dichotomum L. Hickory Bluecurls (12,15,16,17,18,19) (12,13,14,15,19) C. cordiformis (Wang.) K. Koch Bitternut hickory Lauraceae Laurel Family (12) Lindera benzoin (L.) Blume C. glabra (Mill.) Sweet Spicebush Pignut hickory (1214) (14) Sassafras albidum (Nutt.) Nees C. tomentosa Nutt. White sassafras White-heart hickory (12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19) (13,14) Juglans L. sp. Leguminosae Pulse Family Walnut Amphicarpa bracteata (L.) Fern. (12,15) Hog-peanut (19) Labiatae Mint Family Baptisia tinctoria (L.) R. Br. Collinsonia canadensis L. Wild indigo Horse-balm (12,13,14,15) (15,19) Cercis canadensis L. Lycopus virginicus L. Redbud Bugleweed (12) (19) Desmodium Desv. sp. Monarda clinopodia L. Tick-clover Horsemint (1219) (14,19) Lespedeza Michx. sp. M. didyma L. Bush-clover Bee-balm (15) (12,15,18,19) Pueraria lobata (Willd.) Ohwi M.fistulosa L. Kudzu-vine Wild bergamot (15) (18) Robinia pseudo-acacia L. Prunella vulgaris L. Black locust Selfheal (12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19) (12,15,18,19)

8 Tephrosia virginiana (L.) Pers. L. superbum L. Rabbit’s_pea Turk’s_cap-lily (14) (16,17,18) Thermopsis uillosa (Walt.) Fern. & Maianthemum canadense Desf. Schub. False lily-of-the-valley Bush-pea (15) (15) Medeola virginiana L. Trifolium dubium Sibth. Indian cucumber-root Clover (12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19) (1215) Melanthium parvijorum (Michx.) S. Wats. T. pratense L. Bunchflower Red clover (12,13,14,15,16,17,19) (12,14,15,16,17) M. virginicum L. T. repens L. Bunchflower White clover (15718) (15,16,17) Polygonatum bijorum (Walt.) Ell. Vicia L. sp. Solomon’s-seal Vetch (12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19) (16,17,18) Smilacina racemosa (L.) Desf. False Solomon’s-seal Lily Family (12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19) Afetris farinosa L. Smilax L. sp. Colicroot Catbrier (13,14,18) (12,13,14,15,19) Allium tricoccum Ait. S. glauca Walt. Ramp Sawbrier (19) (18) Amianthium muscaetoxicum (Walt.) S. herbacea L. Gray Carrion-flower Fly-poison (18) (16317) S. rotundifolia L. Chamaelirium luteum (L.) Gray Greenbrier Blazing-star (12,16,17,18) (15) Stenanthium gramineum (Ker) Morong Clintonia Raf. sp. Featherbells Corn-lily (1219) (14) Trillium L. sp. C. umbellulata (Michx.) Morong Trillium Speckled wood-lily (12,13,14,15,19) (12,15,16,17,18) T. erectum L. Disporum lanuginosum (Michx.) Nichol- Purple trillium son (16,17) Yellow mandarin Uvularia perfoliata L. (12,15,16,17) Bellwort D. maculatum (Buckl.) Britt. (15,16,17) Nodding mandarin U. pudica (Walt.) Fern. (18) Bellwort Lilium michauxii Poir. (12) Carolina lily (12) Veratrum viride Ait. 0. biennis L. White hellebore Evening-primrose (12) (18) 0. fruticosa L. Magnoliaceae Magnolia Family Evening-primrose Liriodendron tulipfera L. (15) Tulip-poplar 0. tetragona Roth (12,14,15,16,17,19) Sundrops Magnolia acuminata L. (16917) Cucumber-tree (12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19) Orchidaceae Orchis Family M. fraseri Walt. Cypripedium ucaule Ait. Ear-leaved umbrella-tree Lady’s_slipper (12,13,14, IS, 16,17,18) (12,13,18) Goodyera pubescens (Willd.) R. Br. Moraceae Mulberry Family Downy rattlesnake-plantain Mot-us rubra L. (12,13,14,15,16,17,18) Red mulberry Habenaria ciliaris (L.) R. Br. (1_5,16,17) Yellow fringed orchis (12318) Nyssaceae Sour Gum Family Liparis lilifolia (L.) Richard Nyssa sylvatica Marsh. Lily-leaved twayblade Black gum (13) (18) Orchis spectabilis L. Showy orchis Oleaceae Olive Family (12915) Fraxinus L. sp. Ash Orobanchaceae Broom-Rape Family (12,13,14,15,16,17,18,~9) Conopholis americanu (L.) Wallr. F. americana L. Squawroot White ash (12,13,14,15,16,17,18) (16-17) Oxalidaceae Wood-Sorrel Family Onagraceae Evening-Primrose Family Oxulis L. Sp. Circaea L. sp. Wood-sorrel Enchanter’s nightshade (12,13,14,15,19) (12) 0. grandis Small C. alpina L. Large wood-sorrel Enchanter’s nightshade (1617) (18) 0. montanu Raf. C. quudrisulcata (Maxim.) Franch. & Wood-shamrock Sav. var. canadensis (L.) Hara (1617) Enchanter’s nightshade 0. stricta L. (13) Yellow wood-sorrel Epilobium coloratum Biehler (16717) Willow-herb (19) Papaveraceae Poppy Family Oenothera L. sp. Sanguinaria canadensis L. Evening-primrose Bloodroot (13,14) ( 12,13,14,16,17,19)

10 Phrymaceae Lopseed Family R. crispus L. Phryrnu leptostuchyu L. Yellow dock Lopseed (12) ( 12.15) Touaru uirginiuna (L.) Raf. Jumpseed Phytolaccaceae Pokeweed Family (19) Phytoluccu umericunu L. Poke Primulaceae Primrose Family ( 12.13.15) Lysimachia lanceolata Walt. Loosestrife Plantaginaceae Plantain Family (15) Pluntugo rugelii Dcne. L. quadrifolia L. Plantain Whorled loosestrife ( IS. 19) (12,13.14,18,19) P. virginicu L. Hoary plantain Pyrolaceae Wintergreen Family (16.17) Chimaphila maculata (L.) Pursh Spotted wintergreen Platanaceae Plane-Tree Family (12,13,14,15,16,17,18,l9) Plutunus occidentulis L. Monotropa hypopithys L. Sycamore Pinesap (15) (12,14,18) M. unifora L. Polemoniaceae Polemonium Family Indian-pipe Phlox L. sp. ( 12,13,14,15,18) Phlox (12,15.19) Ranunculaceae Crowfoot Family P. curolinu L. Aconitum uncinatum L. Phlox Wild monkshood (13,14) (19) P. gluherrimu L. Actaea pachypodu Ell. Phlox White baneberry (18) (12,15,16,17,19) Anemone lancifolia Pursh Polygalaceae Milkwort Family Windflower Polygulu curtissii Gray (15) Polygala A. virginiana L. (12) Thimbleweed (12,14,15,19) Buckwheat Family Polygonaceae Aquilegia canadensis L. Polygonum L. sp. Wild columbine Knotweed (15) (19) Cimicifuga americana Michx. P. cespitosum Blume var. longisetum Mountain-bugbane (DeBruyn) Stewart (19) Knotweed C. racemosa (L.) Nutt. (19) Black cohosh Rumex ucetosellu L. (12,13, IS, 19) Sheep-sorrel Clematis L. sp. (12,14) Clematis (13,14,15,16,17,18)

11 C. virginiana L. Aruncus dioicus (Walt.) Fern. Virgin’s_bower Goat’s-beard (12) ( 12.13,14, IS. 16.17,18) Hepafica Mill. sp. Crataegus L. sp. Liverleaf Hawthorn (15) (16,17.18) Ranunculus L. sp. Fruguriu cirginiuntr Duchesne Crowfoot Strawberry (19) (IS, 16.17) R. abortivus L. G’elr,rl

12 Rubiaceae Madder Family Hydrungeu urborescens L. Galium L. SP. Wild hydrangea Bedstraw (12,13,14,15,18,19) (12,13,14,15,19) Ribes L. SP. G. lat~i)lium Michx. Gooseberry Bedstraw (12.19) (15,16,17,18) Sax$rugu michuuxii Britt. G. tinctorium L. Michaux’s saxifrage Bedstraw (15318) (16,17) Tiurellu cord@iu L. Houstonia carruleu L. Foamflower Quaker-ladies (12,13,14, IS, l6,17) (1617) Scrophulariaceae Figwort Family H. purpureu L. Bluets Custilleju coccineu (L.) Spreng. (12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19) Indian paint-brush ( 15,16,17) H. serpyllifoliu Michx. Bluets Chelone glubru L. (15,18) Turtlehead (19) Mitchella reprns L. Partridge-berry Gerurdiu L. sp. (12,15) Gerardia (19) Salicaceae Willow Family G. frana L. Sulk L. sp. Yellow foxglove Willow (15,18) (15.19) G. luevigutu Raf. S. bubylonicu L. Gerardia Weeping willow (12,13,14,15.19) (15) Melumpyrum lineure Desr. S. humilis Marsh. Cow-wheat Small pussy-willow (12,13,14, IS, 16,17,18) (16,17) Puulowniu tomentosu (Thunb.) Steud. Princess-tree Santalaceae Sandalwood Family (15) Pyruluriu pubrru Michx. Pediculuris cunudensis L. Buffalo-nut Lousewort ( 12,13,14,15,19) (12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19) Verbuscum L. SP. Saxifragaceae Saxifrage Family Mullein Astilbe biternuta (Vent.) Britt. (l-2) False goatsbeard Solanaceae Nightshade Family (12,13) Solunum curolinense L. Heucheru americunu L. Horse-nettle Rock-geranium (12,lS) (15318) H. villosu Michx. Styracaceae Storax Family Alumroot Hulesiu curolinu L. (1219) Silverbell-tree (12,15,19)

13 Tiliaceae Linden Family S. trt’jdiutu Bickn. Tiliu uttwricut~tt L. Sanicle Basswood ( 13 (i2,13,14,15,16,17, IY) Thu.spiwtt htrrhitwdr (Michx.) Nutt Ulmaceae Elm Family Meadow-parsnip Crltis luroigutu Willd. ( 15,16,17) Hackberry T. trt’jdiufum (L.) Gray (12) Meadow-parsnip Ulmus utwricimu L. (I2,13,16,17) American elm T. trijdiutum var.flucum Blake (12) Meadow-parsnip U. rtrhru Muhl. (15) Slippery elm Urticaceae Nettle Family (15,18) Boehrriu cylitdric~tr ( L. ) SW. Umbelliferae Parsley Family Bog-hemp Angrliw L. sp. (15) Angelica Luportcu c~titrudrtisis ( L.) Wedd. (12) Wood-nettle A. triyuitwrtr Michx. (12,13,14,15.I8,19) Filmy angelica Verbenaceae Vervain Family (15,18,lY) Vrrhrtiu iirric~oliu L. Cicutu muciilutu L. White vervain Water-hemlock (12,lY) Violet Family (12) Violaceae Cryptortirtiia cutiudrtisi.s (L.) DC. Violu L. spp. Honewort Violet (15) (I2,13,I4,16,17.18. IY) Durrcws curotu L. V. cutiudetisis L. Queen Anne’s_lace Canadaviolet (12.14,15) (16.17) Osmothiar cltrgtotli(Michx.) C.B. Clarke V. lttrsftrttr Michx. Anise-root Halberd-leaved yellow violet ( 13.15) (16,17.18) Vitaceae C ine Family Stitiicitlti cutiudf3i.si.s L. Partltt~ttoc,i.\.strs qrrittqtrc~~olrtr (L.) Plimch. Black snakeroot Virginia creeper ( I?, 13.14.19) (12.13. l-i. 15.16.17) S. greguriu Bickn. Viris L. 4pp. Sanicle Grape ( Is) (12.13. I-l. Ii. IY)

14 REFERENCES

Femald, Merritt Lyndon. 1970. Gray’s manual of botany. 1632 p. D. Van Nostrand Co., New York. Radford, Albert E., Harry E. Ahles, and C. Ritchie Bell. 1968. Manual of the vascular flora of the Carolinas. 1183 p. Univ. N. C. Press, Chapel Hill, N. C. Strausbaugh, P. D., and Earl L. Core. 1978. Flora of West Virginia. 1080 p. Seneca Books, Inc., Grantsville, W. Va.

This study was part of a continuing program of cooperation between the Southeastern Forest Experiment Station and the National Forests in North Carolina.

15 The Forest Service, U.S. De- partment of Agriculture, is dedi- cated to the principle of multiple use management of the Nation’s forest resources for sustained yields of wood, water, forage, wildlife, and recreation. Through forestry research, cooperation with the States and private forest owners, and management of the National Forests and National Grasslands, it strives-as di- rected by Congress-to provide increasingly greater service to a growing Nation.

USDA policy does not permit discrimination because of race, color, national origin, sex or religion. Any person who believes he or she has been discriminated against in any USDA-related activity should write immediately to the Secretary of Agriculture, Washington, D.C. 20250.