Forum for International Criminal Justice Newsletter: March 2015 Welcome to the IAP’s Forum for International Criminal Justice (FICJ) March 2015 Newsletter which focuses on the prosecution of war crimes, and genocide, including a roundup of video highlights, announcements, publications and the major news developments from the past month. Please note that the items included in this publication do not automatically carry any endorsement from the IAP.

Domestic legal news covered in this Newsletter includes: Chad ex-leader Hissene Habre is to be tried in Senegal for alleged war crimes, torture and crimes against humanity, in Africa’s first universal jurisdiction trial; Nepal’s Supreme Court has rejected amnesty for perpetrators of war crimes during the country’s civil war which ended in 2006, while the government is also setting up two commissions to probe these alleged crimes; and a Swedish court has sentenced Syrian rebel to five years in prison for war crimes.

*Please have a look at the FICJ forum page on the IAP website and feel free to contribute: the Forum provides individual prosecutors with a password protected space to post news, announcements, etc. and to pose questions to fellow prosecutors from around the world. Your contributions will also be posted in this monthly newsletter. Passwords are provided to IAP members – if you do not have a password, check your membership status by contacting the IAP Office Manager, Evie Sardeman: [email protected].

Danya Chaikel – FICJ Coordinator | email: [email protected]

Video Highlights

Click here to watch a Lecture Join by theHassan FICJ B community: WWW.IAPClick here-ASSOCIATION.ORG/FICJ to watch a Statement of ICC/HOME Prosecutor Jallow, Prosecutor of ICTR and the United 1 FatouFollow Bensouda us on attwitter: a press @iaprosecutors conference in Uganda Nations Mechanism for International Criminal on the “long journey to bring justice to the Tribunals, on ‘Fair Trial in International Criminal victims of mass crimes committed by the Lord's Justice’. Resistance Army (LRA).”

New Publications ICTR Prosecutor Releases Best Practices Manual on Referral of International Criminal Cases to National Jurisdictions ICTR Prosecutor has released a best practices manual on the referral of international criminal cases to national jurisdictions for trial. The manual documents the ICTR Office of the Prosecutor’s (OTP) experience in securing the referral of ten genocide indictments to national jurisdictions for trial. Since the ICTR’s establishment on 8 November 1994, the OTP has referred two indictments to France and eight indictments to Rwanda. ICTR Prosecutor Hassan B Jallow The referral of these indictments marked an important milestone in the ICTR’s completion strategy. Without the referral of these indictments, the ICTR’s work would have been incomplete and a gap in impunity could have resulted. By referring these indictments to national jurisdictions for trial, the OTP also gave practical effect to the principle of complementarity. Under that principle, national authorities, not international courts or tribunals, bear primary responsibility for investigating and prosecuting international crimes.

The OTP’s success in securing the referral of its indictments could not have been achieved without substantial outreach and capacity-building efforts and the cooperation of partners such as Rwanda, the European Union, Canada, and the United States of America. Together with their partners, the ICTR contributed to a host of legal reforms and infrastructure improvements at the national level that were necessary to secure the fair trial rights of the accused.

The OTP also developed new strategies to demonstrate how fair trial rights would be honoured in practice. Many of those strategies could assist other courts or tribunals in assessing national capacity, as well as provide a basis for national jurisdictions to undertake their own assessment of compliance with internationally-recognized standards.

The manual documents those best practices and lessons learned. It is part of a broader strategy the OTP has undertaken to preserve the ICTR’s legacy for future use. It is the OTP’s hope that this manual will assist other international and national courts to build on the ICTR’s achievements and empower national authorities to discharge their primary responsibility to investigate and prosecute international crimes in a manner consistent with international standards.

Read the ICTR Best Practices Manual: Complementarity in Action: Lessons Learned from the ICTR Prosecutor’s Referral of International Criminal Cases to National Jurisdictions for Trial

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On the Independence of International Prosecutors by Richard Goldstone (Source: Symposium facilitated by James G Stewart on David Bosco’s new book, Rough Justice: The International Criminal Court in a World of Power Politics)

Richard J. Goldstone is a former Justice of the Constitutional Court of South Africa, and the first Prosecutor of the UN International Criminal Tribunals for Rwanda and the former Yugoslavia.

David Bosco’s book Rough Justice contains an excellent survey of the first decade of the International Criminal Court (ICC) and, in particular, of the role played by its first Chief Prosecutor, . Ocampo’s sometimes active and sometimes passive role with regard to each of the nine situations presently before the Court are carefully and comprehensively described and analysed.

The central theme that runs throughout is the role of politics and especially major power politics with regard to the decisions taken by the prosecutor and its influence on the successes and failures of the Court. The development of that theme is set against the history of the international criminal tribunals that preceded the ICC.

In setting up the two UN ad hoc tribunals for the former Yugoslavia and Rwanda, the major Western powers, and especially the United States, played an indispensable role. As the cold war had ended and atrocities were again being perpetrated in Europe, in 1992 Russia and China were prepared to support an ad hoc war crimes tribunal under the auspices of the Security Council. When, soon after, Rwanda initiated a call for a similar tribunal in response to the genocide committed in its country in the middle of 1994, the Security Council could hardly refuse. Importantly, both of those tribunals were in “I feel more strongly than does Bosco no way inconsistent with the foreign policies of the about the extent to which international P5 members of the Security Council. prosecutors have acted independently of the views of the major powers” – The successes of the ad hoc tribunals and of the “hybrid” Special Court for Sierra Leone encouraged a Justice Richard Goldstone number of less powerful nations, under the leadership of Canada, to call for a permanent international criminal court. They found it to be unacceptable that the final decision on whether to investigate atrocity crimes should be left to the Security Council subject to the veto power of the P5. The United States, China and Russia had some misgivings about such a court. They realised that it

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would operate outside their direct control. With the international courts established by the United Nations they were able to exercise a large measure of control over the jurisdiction, reach and powers of the court. They could not necessarily dictate policy to independent prosecutors and judges but they could certainly control their jurisdiction, resources and, to a large extent, the implementation of their orders and responses to their requests.

I feel more strongly than does Bosco about the extent to which international prosecutors have acted independently of the views of the major powers. He does refer to the actions of Ocampo in calling for an arrest warrant for President Omar al-Bashir of Sudan in the face of objections from all of the P5 members of the Security Council. However, he raises some doubts about the reasons for other decisions such as the decision by the ICTY prosecutor deciding not to investigate alleged NATO war crimes in Serbia during 2000; the ICTR prosecutor deciding not to investigate war crimes allegedly committed by the RPF during 1994 in Rwanda; and some of the investigations abandoned by Ocampo. I will respond briefly.

With regard to alleged war crimes committed by NATO during its bombing campaign in 2000, the Prosecutor (Carla del Ponte) accepted the advice given her by the ICTY’s chief international lawyer to the effect that the evidence available was not sufficient to justify a formal investigation. In particular he came to the conclusion that there was no basis upon which indictments could be issued against individual officials. The evidence was clear that the NATO leaders, political and military, were at pains to avoid, to the extent possible, targeting civilians. At worst, the allegations of civilian casualties were a consequence of negligence or errors of judgment. There was no evidence at all to suggest intentional targeting of civilians. In any event, war crimes that might nonetheless have been committed by NATO were substantially less grave than those that were being investigated by the ICTY against the Serb military. Serbia, under Slobodan Milosevic, had been conducting an egregious campaign of ethnic cleansing against the Albanian population of Kosovo. Even if, as Bosco, suggests, NATO was unwilling to furnish information to the prosecutor concerning its conduct, I would suggest that Del Ponte’s decision was a justifiable one.

The case of RPF crimes allegedly committed in Rwanda is a more complex and unhappy one. As Bosco points out, the allegations of crimes committed against civilians were serious and merited the attention of the prosecutor. While they were not committed with genocidal intent, some of them appear to have reached the level of crimes against humanity. At the time that the allegations emerged it must have been obvious to both Louise Arbour and Carla del Ponte that if an investigation had been launched, the Government of Rwanda would have severed its relationship with the ICTR. In that light, the choice would have been to proceed with

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the RPF investigation in the knowledge that the response from Rwanda would effectively have brought the life of the tribunal to a premature end. It could not have proceeded with trials without witnesses and evidence from Rwanda. The mission of the ICTR was to investigate the genocide committed in 1994. I would suggest that the prosecutor was justified in abandoning the RPF investigation in order to enable her to continue with the primary mission of the ICTR. That this was not stated openly is a matter for regret.

With regard to the record of the prosecutions initiated by Ocampo, Bosco’s conclusion reads as follows:

“There is no “smoking gun” evidence that the prosecutor has made these choices because of perceived major-power preferences or out of a desire to avoid entanglement with them. There are plausible nonpolitical arguments against investigations in each of these cases. Because the prosecutor has only infrequently explained a decision not to open an investigation, moreover, there is little documentary evidence to assess. But the overall pattern strongly suggests that the prosecutor’s office has, to this point, used its discretion on where to open investigations strategically.”

That prosecutors take into account the support that one or other investigation and prosecution will receive from relevant governments seems to me to be obvious. It would indeed be folly to leave that out of account. There are many issues and considerations that dictate whether this or that investigation is appropriate. They include the gravity of the alleged crimes, the evidence available or likely to become available, the official position of the alleged perpetrators and the time, effort and expense of the investigation and prosecution. There are others. One is certainly the prospect of cooperation from relevant governments. It is in this respect that the United States is of particular importance. The intelligence information that it furnished to the prosecutor of the ICTY is well known.

In conclusion, the success of any international court will depend upon its independence and especially from the great powers. It was primarily for that reason that the ICC was established. The selection of its judges and their actual and perceived independence are crucial and no less that of the prosecutor. It is in this context that the issues raised and objectively analysed by Bosco are so important.

See further expert commentaries posted in this special Symposium facilitated by James G Stewart:

The Sort of Justice the ICC Can and Cannot Deliver by Sarah Nouwen The ICC Still Has a Chance by Aryeh Neier The Inevitably Difficult Choices a Prosecutor Faces by Alex Whiting Power Politics and its Global Shadows: From Margins to Center by Kamari Maxine Clarke

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Report on the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh by Geoffrey Robertson QC

The newly published Report on the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh, by Geoffrey Robertson QC, is the first of its kind and argues that the Tribunal’s proceedings fall short of international standards.

Since its inception, the International Crimes Tribunal, which has passed a number of death sentences on opposition political International Crimes Tribunal, Bangladesh, Old High Court Building, Dhaka leaders for crimes allegedly committed in the 1971 civil war in East Pakistan, has been the subject of significant criticism from both those who have appeared before it and numerous legal experts. All of whom have concluded that the International Crimes Tribunal does not adhere to internationally recognised standards.

According to the new 126-page report, some of the concerns include that the International Crimes Tribunal: lacks impartiality; allows for the death penalty to be imposed without providing a higher standard of procedural safeguards; permits trials in absentia; and there are also concerns about witness tampering and intimidation.

Further, the Tribunal appears to have no rules about admissibility of evidence – many of the convictions have been based on hearsay, and in effect, on guilt by association. Nor does the Tribunal provide basic guarantees as required by international human rights standards; rules about providing adequate time and facilities to prepare a defence have been consistently breached; and defendants are excluded from enjoying the constitutional protections available to all other Bangladeshi citizens.

The report concludes with the recommendation that the UN Security Council establish an ad hoc international tribunal to hear the cases and to hold the primary perpetrators of the 1971 genocide, the senior officers of the Pakistan army, accountable for their actions.

Read the full Report on the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh Read the website of the International Crimes Tribunal, Bangladesh

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The year ahead at the ICC Source: Coalition for the ICC

The new ICC permanent premises in The Hague, to be operational by the end of 2015.

2015 is set to be a busy year for the ICC. Two new trials will open, a new president will be elected and seven new judges will come on board. At year’s end, the Court will make the long-awaited move to a permanent new home in The Hague. Here are some key dates for your diary.

Busy courtrooms

On 24 February, judges will rule on the prosecution’s The new ICC permanent premises in The appeals against the acquittal of Congolese militia leader Hague, to be operational by the end of 2015. Mathieu Ngudjolo Chui;

The trial of another Congolese militia leader, Bosco Ntaganda, opens 2 June, while that of former Côte D’Ivoire president Laurent Gbagbo begins on 7 July.

On 24 August, a “confirmation of charges” hearing opens for Lord’s Resistance Army commander Dominic Ongwen. Pre-trial judges must decide whether there is sufficient evidence to send the long- dormant case to trial. (A ruling is pending on a prosecution request to postpone this hearing).

The trial of Kenyan Deputy President William Ruto and broadcaster Joshua Song is scheduled to continue throughout the year.

New judges, new president On 10 March, six judges elected by ICC member states last December will be sworn-in at a ceremony at the seat of the Court in The Hague.

The following day, 11 March, the plenary of judges will elect, from their ranks, a new president of the Court. Current President Sang-Hyun Song will step down after 6 years at the helm.

ICC member states will then meet on 24/25 June to elect a seventh new judge to fill a vacancy left by Filipino judge Miriam Defensor Santiago who last year withdrew from the bench before taking office due to health concerns.

Palestine becomes newest ICC member On 1 April, Palestine will become the 123rd state party to the Rome Statute, which enters into force 90 days after Palestine submitted ratification documents to the UN Secretary-General.

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A new home for international justice On 30 November, the ICC will begin its move to a new, permanent, premises in Scheveningen in The Hague. The new building “consists of approximately 56,000 square metres of gross floor area, 1,200 work spaces and three courtrooms (one on top of the other), a conference centre, a restaurant, an international criminal law library, waiting rooms for witnesses, a press centre and storage space….”

States parties assemble On 24/25 June, the Assembly of States Parties – the ICC’s governing body – will meet for a “resumed session” at the Dutch Ministry for Foreign Affairs, during which a new judge will be elected, among other matters. The following ASP session will take place in The Hague from 18 to 26 November, also in The Hague.

Coalition celebrates 20 years of fighting for global justice Finally, 2015 will mark the 20th anniversary of the Coalition for the ICC. In 1995, a small group of human rights organizations came together to push an idea dismissed by most: a permanent international criminal court. Twenty years later their network stretches across 150 countries with over 2500 member organizations.

Throughout the year, the CICC will commemorate the hard-fought successes in the fight against impunity while continuing to work to ensure the existence of a fair, effective and independent ICC that serves the interests of victims the world over.

For further information see the CICC’s #global JUSTICE website

that has plagued central Africa for more than 25 News February 2015 years…

Click on the hyperlinked headlines to see the full articles of international criminal justice news 27 February from February 2015. Nepal Supreme Court rejects amnesty for war crimes (Jurist) 28 February Nepal's Supreme Court on Thursday rejected ICC prosecutor requests extension to confirm amnesty for perpetrators of serious human rights charges against LRA commander abuses during the decade-long civil war that left (Jurist) more than 17,000 dead. The court struck down International Criminal Court (ICC) Prosecutor Fatou the amnesty provision from the law and said the Bensouda on Friday requested a three-month consent of the victims is necessary for any extension to gather evidence to confirm charges reconciliation… against Dominic Ongwen. The former Lord's Resistance Army (LRA) commander made his first Mohammed Emwazi triable in British courts for appearance before the ICC at the end of January. war crimes, say prosecutors Ongwen is charged with three counts of crimes (Guardian) against humanity and four counts of war crimes for Londoner known as ‘Jihadi John’ could be tried his alleged role in the extremist militant movement using videos of David Haines, Alan Henning, Peter

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Kassig and Steven Sotloff murders, and for other summary executions, sexual violence and torture crimes…Prosecutors and detectives have been that amount to crimes against humanity and working on building a criminal case against possibly genocide… Mohammed Emwazi, 26, for potential offences of war crimes and multiple counts of murder, the 26 February Guardian has learned… Syria rebel sentenced to 5 years for war crimes (Jurist) ICC affirms acquittal of Congolese war crimes A Swedish court sentenced Syrian refugee suspect Mouhannad Droub to five years in prison after (Jurist) convicting him of abusing a captured member of The appeals chamber of the ICC on Friday upheld President Bashar Assad's forces. Droub was part of the trial chamber's decision to acquit Mathieu a group under the Free Syrian Army, where he and Ngudjolo Chui, a Congolese man accused of crimes other members beat a prisoner and posted a video against humanity and war crimes. Ngudjolo was of the abuse on Facebook. Droub received asylum acquitted in December 2012 of leading a 2003 in Sweden in 2013… attack on the village of Bogoro in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, where Ngudjolo and his Bosnia Maps 150 Wartime Detention Sites fighters allegedly destroyed the village, raping and (BIRN) hacking to death some 200 people, including A new web database shows 150 detention camps children… and sites used during the 1990s conflict, part of a project to map all the places where civilian and Islamic State statue-smashing in Iraq was 'war military prisoners were held in wartime… crime', UN says (BBC) 25 February The destruction of historic artefacts in Iraq by The ICC in Libya – justice delayed and denied Islamic State (IS) militants is a , the head (Open Democracy Op-Ed by Thomas Ebbs and of the UN agency for culture, Unesco, has said. Elham Saudi) Irina Bokova said she was appalled by an act of Despite the challenges facing the International "cultural cleansing", calling for an emergency Criminal Court (ICC) in recent years, there are meeting of the UN Security Council to discuss the frequent calls for new cases to be opened – in issue… Palestine, Mexico, South Sudan, Ukraine, and many others. However, as the Court’s engagement in Too few police investigating war crimes (Sweden) Libya shows, opening an investigation is no (Radio Sweden) guarantee that those who commit crimes will be …Chief prosecutor Tora Holst told Swedish pursued with rigour, or that the Court’s work will Television that there are enough prosecutors but have much impact on challenging impunity and eight police investigators is not nearly enough. preventing further violence… According to Holst, there are around 30 cases, including suspected war crimes in Syria, not being Interpol Seeks Arrest of 17 Yugoslav Fighters investigated, because of the lack of police (BIRN) resources… Interpol on Wednesday issued notices calling for the arrest of the current head of Serbia’s ISIS May Have Committed Genocide Against Iraq parliamentary committee for security, Momir Minorities, Report Says Stojanovic, and 16 other people who were part of (TIME) Belgrade’s forces during the war in Kosovo, …The report aims to shed light on the atrocities accusing them of war crimes against civilians… committed against minority religious groups, including Christians, Yazidis and Turkmen. Based 24 February largely on eyewitness accounts and field visits across Iraq, the report says ISIS has committed Former Bangladesh lawmaker sentenced to life for war crimes

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(Jurist) actions of major states that interact with the The International Crimes Tribunal Bangladesh Court… (ICTB) on Tuesday convicted and sentenced Abdul Jabbar, militia leader and former lawmaker, to life Libya's forgotten human rights crisis in prison for genocide and religious persecution (LA Times Op-Ed) committed during the1971 Liberation War. Jabbar … The U.N. Security Council sanctioned Libya and was tried in absentia, as it is thought that he has referred the violence to the International Criminal fled to the US, and was found guilty on five charges Court. Within weeks, the security council, with the of war crimes committed during the war against blessing of the Arab League, authorized any means Pakistan… necessary to protect Libyan civilians, and NATO and its Arab allies began an air war to stop Kadafi's 23 February advance on the city of Benghazi… Ex-SS medic, 94, charged over Auschwitz deaths (BBC) 20 February A 94-year-old man has been charged with 3,681 CAR urged to create special (war crimes) criminal counts of accessory to murder in Germany on court allegations he served at Auschwitz. Prosecutors (Jurist) said the defendant was a former SS sergeant, who Advocacy groups, such as acted as a medical officer at the Nazi death camp (HRW), are teaming up with various Central African in 1944. If found guilty he could face a jail term groups to form a coalition urging the Central ranging from three to 15 years… African Republic's (CAR) transitional parliament to adopt a Special Criminal Court in order to expedite Ivory Coast's ex-first lady Simone Gbagbo in court justice for victims of atrocities within the country… debut (BBC) Syria crisis: UN may release 'war criminal' lists Ivory Coast's former first lady, Simone Gbagbo, has (BBC) denied wrongdoing for her alleged role in the United Nations investigators are considering violence that followed the 2010 elections. Ms revealing the names of an estimated 200 Gbagbo was giving evidence for the first time at individuals suspected of committing war crimes in her trial in Abidjan. Her husband, former President Syria. The move would reverse a long-held policy Laurent Gbagbo, is awaiting trial at the of not naming alleged war criminals in the Syrian International Criminal Court (ICC)… conflict. Investigators said on Friday there had been an "exponential rise" in atrocities committed Comparing victim participation at the ICC in Syria. UN figures show that more than 220,000 (CICC) people have been killed during Syria's four-year With differing systems in place and a review civil conflict… underway, Mariana Pena – legal officer for international justice with the Open Society Justice 18 February Initiative – explores the application process for Bangladesh Islamist sentenced to death for 1971 victims to participate in ICC proceedings in this war crimes guest post… (BBC) A leading member of Bangladesh's main Islamist The Inevitably Difficult Choices a Prosecutor Faces party has been sentenced to death for crimes (Blog of James G Stewart, by Alex Whiting) committed during the 1971 war of independence David Bosco has written a terrific book on the first with Pakistan. Abdus Subhan, 79, is the ninth decade of the ICC, capturing how strategic leader from the Jamaat-e-Islami party to be considerations can help shape the decision-making convicted by a war crimes tribunal set up in 2010 of the Office of the Prosecutor (OTP) at the to investigate the war… International Criminal Court (ICC), as well as the

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16 February International Criminal Justice in Ukraine The ICC and negotiated peace: reflections from (The Hague Institute for Global Justice) Colombia ..the immense polarization between pro-European (Open Democracy Opinion) and pro-Russian elements in Ukrainian society The Colombian case shows the need for flexibility might make it harder for the Ukrainian authorities in balancing the duty to prosecute international to organize independent and fair trials. As an crimes with the duty to negotiate an end to the impartial outsider, the ICC can overcome some of civil war… these issues, and assist the Ukrainian people in a quest for justice. However, as argued below, the Sri Lanka says seeking delay in U.N. war-crimes ICC faces unpromising circumstances in Ukraine, report limiting the potential for a successful pursuit of () international criminal justice… Sri Lankan Foreign Minister Mangala Samaraweera said on Wednesday his country was seeking a delay 14 February of several months in the release of a U.N. report Chad ex-leader Hissene Habre to be tried in on alleged war crimes during his country's civil war Senegal until the government had time to establish a (BBC) mechanism to deal with the issue… A court in Senegal has ordered former Chadian President Hissene Habre to stand trial for alleged 10 February war crimes, torture and crimes against humanity. Nepal sets up panels to probe war crimes amid Judges at the Extraordinary African Chamber said cries for justice there was sufficient evidence against Mr Habre, (Reuters) who is in custody in Senegal. The court was set up Nepal set up two commissions on Tuesday to by Senegal and the African Union to try Mr Habre investigate long-simmering allegations of human after his arrest in 2013. His trial will mean the first rights abuses and disappearances during the use of universal jurisdiction in Africa… Himalayan nation's decade-long civil war, a government minister said. State forces and Maoist Impunity in the DRC: One Step Forward, Two rebels alike have been accused of grave war-time Steps Back? abuses, including unlawful killings, arbitrary (Jurist) arrests, disappearances, rape and torture, during JURIST Guest Columnists Stefaan Smis, Derek the years of conflict which ended under a 2006 Inman and Pacifique Muhindo of Vrije Universiteit peace agreement… Brussel, discuss the violations of human rights and international humanitarian law in Democratic Hague Prosecutors Renew Call for Seselj’s Republic of Congo and urge for the change in Detention national priorities in order to stop impunity and (BIRN) injustice in the country... The prosecution at the Hague Tribunal on Monday filed a new motion asking the court’s appeals 11 February chamber to send Serbian Radical Party leader 'True hell' of mass rape in Darfur revealed in Seselj, who is on trial for war crimes in Bosnia, report on Sudan Croatia and Serbia, back to detention. Chief (Guardian) prosecutor Serge Brammertz repeated his claims Over 36 terrifying hours in October, 221 women that Seselj had “undermined” the spirit of his and girls in Tabit town in North Darfur were raped temporary release on humanitarian grounds for by Sudanese army forces in their homes, in the cancer treatment last November… streets and in front of their loved ones during a mass rape that could constitute crimes against Angelina Jolie opens UK centre to fight warzone humanity, Human Rights Watch (HRW) said on violence against women Wednesday… (Guardian)

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Europe’s first academic centre to combat the Ukrainian Prosecutor General Vitaliy Yarema said brutality faced by women in warzones has been the Ukrainian Prosecutor General's Office has opened in London by Angelina Jolie, who called for already collected and provided to International “the empowerment of women to be the highest Criminal Court (ICC) officials evidence of crimes priority for the finest minds, in the best academic committed in the Donetsk and Luhansk regions… institutions”…She said students of the centre on women, peace and security at the London School 4 February of Economics (LSE) had the chance to change the UN chief urges Pristina to set up war crimes court world… (b92) …"One important step would be for the Witness Describes US Role in Khmer Rouge government and the Assembly to move swiftly on Politics the adoption of the legislation concerning the (VOA News) establishment of a special court to try cases arising American journalist Elizabeth Becker continued her from the findings of the European Union Special testimony at the UN-backed Khmer Rouge tribunal Investigative Task Force, as agreed between on Tuesday, describing the United States’ role in Kosovo and the European Union,” Ban said… inadvertently supporting the Khmer Rouge internationally, as part of the Cold War… 3 February UN court dismisses Croatia and Serbia genocide 9 February claims (Leadership) (BBC) Norway’s Supreme Court Upholds Extradition Of The International Court of Justice has rejected Rwanda Genocide Suspect claims of genocide by Serbia and Croatia against Norway’s Supreme Court ruled on Monday in Oslo, each other during the Croatian war of secession that a 42-year-old, Eugene Nkuranyabahizi should from Yugoslavia. The Croatian government had be extradited to Rwanda to stand trial over alleged alleged that Serbia committed genocide in the involvement in the 1994 genocide in the Central town of Vukovar and elsewhere in 1991… African country…

6 February

Ukraine prosecutor general forwards materials on crimes committed in eastern Ukraine to ICC

(Interfax)

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