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LIFE-IP-4-NATURA-Salmo-Species LIFE-IP 4 NATURA (LIFE16 IPE/GR/000002) Ολοκληρωμένες δράσεις για τη διατήρηση και διαχείριση των περιοχών του δικτύου Natura 2000, των ειδών, των οικοτόπων και των οικοσυστημάτων στην Ελλάδα Eθνικό Σχέδιο Δράσης για τα αυτόχθονα είδη πέστροφας (Salmo farioides, Salmo lourosensis, Salmo macedonicus, Salmo pelagonicus, Salmo peristericus) Παραδοτέο Δράσης A.1 Υπουργείο Περιβάλλοντος και Ενέργειας Νοέμβριος 2019 Με τη συγχρηματοδότηση του Προγράμματος LIFE της Ευρωπαϊκής Ένωσης Με τη συγχρηματοδότηση του Πράσινου Ταμείου Σχέδιο εξώφυλλου: Ενδημική «άγρια» πέστροφα των Πρεσπών Dr Sarah Faulwetter Έκδοση Ημερομηνία Σημειώσεις - τροποποιήσεις 1 Σεπτέμβριος 2019 Αρχική έκδοση 2 Δεκέμβριος 2019 Ενσωμάτωση σχολίων τοπικής διαβούλευσης Προτεινόμενη βιβλιογραφική αναφορά: Σπάλα Κ. (2019). LIFE-IP 4 NATURA: Ολοκληρωμένες δράσεις για την διατήρηση και διαχείριση των περιοχών του δικτύου Natura 2000, των ειδών, των οικοτόπων και των οικοσυστημάτων στην Ελλάδα. Παραδοτέο Δράσης Α.1: Eθνικό Σχέδιο Δράσης για τα αυτόχθονα είδη πέστροφας (Salmo farioides, Salmo lourosensis, Salmo macedonicus, Salmo pelagonicus, Salmo peristericus). Υπουργείο Περιβάλλοντος και Ενέργειας. Αθήνα, 91 σελ. + IV Παραρτήματα. Suggested citation: Spala Κ. (2019). LIFE-IP 4 NATURA: Integrated actions for the conservation and management of Natura 2000 sites, species, habitats and ecosystems in Greece. Deliverable Action Α.1: National Action Plan for Greek native Salmo species (Salmo farioides, Salmo lourosensis, Salmo macedonicus, Salmo pelagonicus, Salmo peristericus). Ministry of Environment and Energy, p. 91 + IV Annexes. www.edozoume.gr ΠΕΡΙΕΧΟΜΕΝΑ Περίληψη vi Summary viii 1 Eισαγωγή ......................................................................................................................................... 1 2 Περιγραφή της μεθοδολογίας εκπόνησης του Σ.Δ. ....................................................................... 1 3 Βασικές παράμετροι ειδών ............................................................................................................. 2 3.1 Βιολογία – Οικολογία – Εξάπλωση Ειδών ........................................................................... 2 Αναλυτική περιγραφή ......................................................................................... 2 Βιολογικές παράμετροι ειδών ........................................................................... 7 Οικολογικές παράμετροι ειδών ....................................................................... 14 Χάρτες ................................................................................................................ 18 Κατάσταση Διατήρησης στην Ελλάδα .............................................................. 18 Εξάπλωση ........................................................................................................... 20 3.2 Πιέσεις - Απειλές ................................................................................................................. 25 Πιέσεις/Απειλές από ανθρωπογενή αίτια με δυσμενείς επιπτώσεις στο ενδιαίτημα (κατηγορία Α) ................................................................................. 25 Πιέσεις/Απειλές από ανθρωπογενή αίτια με δυσμενείς επιπτώσεις στους πληθυσμούς (κατηγορία Β) ............................................................................... 32 Πιέσεις/Απειλές από φυσικά αίτια με δυσμενείς επιπτώσεις στο ενδιαίτημα και τους πληθυσμούς (κατηγορία Γ) ................................................................ 42 3.3 Εμπλεκόμενοι φορείς .......................................................................................................... 42 4 Αξιολόγηση του υφιστάμενου καθεστώτος προστασίας και προηγούμενων Στρατηγικών σε εθνικό και διεθνές επίπεδο, των διαχρονικών και πρόσφατων δράσεων διατήρησης των ειδών .... 45 4.1 α. Συνοπτική παρουσίαση προηγουμένων Σ.Δ. ή και άλλων στρατηγικών κειμένων ή και μεμονωμένων δράσεων ................................................................................................ 45 4.2 β. Κατάλογος και χάρτης των Προστατευόμενων Περιοχών βάσει Ν.3937/2011 ........ 46 4.3 γ. Εθνική, ευρωπαϊκή, διεθνής νομοθεσία και συμβάσεις ................................................ 60 4.4 δ. Αξιολόγηση των υπό εξέταση ειδών βάσει των προαναφερθέντων (α., β., γ.) ......... 62 5 Σκοπός και στόχοι του Σ.Δ. ........................................................................................................... 62 6 Μέτρα προστασίας και διατήρησης .............................................................................................. 64 6.1 Οριζόντιες δράσεις για την παραγωγή διαχειριστικών εργαλείων - βάσεων δεδομένων ............................................................................................................................ 64 Οργάνωση – Παραγωγή βάσεων δεδομένων πληθυσμών-ενδιαιτημάτων- πιέσεων/απειλών .............................................................................................. 64 Οργάνωση δικτύου διαχείρισης και συστήματος αντιμετώπισης έκτακτων συμβάντων ......................................................................................................... 65 6.2 Δράσεις ενίσχυσης/αποσαφήνισης υφιστάμενης γνώσης ............................................... 65 www.edozoume.gr i Γενετική ταυτοποίηση πληθυσμών αυτόχθονων πεστροφών ....................... 65 6.3 Δράσεις προστασίας και αποκατάστασης των πληθυσμών και των ενδιαιτημάτων ... 66 Περιορισμός-Εξάλειψη-Διαχείριση μη αυτόχθονων πληθυσμών πεστροφών ............................................................................................................................ 66 Τυπολογία – Αξιολόγηση τεχνητών φραγμών ................................................ 66 Σχεδιασμός-Κατασκευή διόδων διέλευσης ιχθύων ........................................ 67 Μετριασμός θνησιμότητας από υδροστρόβιλους ΥΗΕ ................................... 67 Aποκατάσταση αναπαραγωγικών πεδίων - προστασία νεαρών σταδίων με τεχνικές παρεμβάσεις ...................................................................................... 67 Εγκατάσταση τοιχίων συλλογής κόπρου ......................................................... 67 Ρύθμιση βόσκησης με εγκατάσταση ποτίστρων ............................................. 68 Πιλοτική αποκατάσταση παρόχθιας βλάστησης ............................................. 68 Πιλοτικά προγράμματα ενίσχυσης τοπικών πληθυσμών ............................... 68 6.4 Δράσεις θωράκισης θεσμικού πλαισίου και βελτίωσης του βαθμού συμμόρφωσης σε αυτό ....................................................................................................................................... 68 Μετριασμός αλιευτικής θνησιμότητας ........................................................... 68 Περιορισμός ρύπανσης – Βελτίωση επόπτευσης ........................................... 69 Καθορισμός πλαισίου για τις εισαγωγές ιχθυδίων ......................................... 69 6.5 Δράσεις εκπαίδευσης, ενημέρωσης, ευαισθητοποίησης για την προστασία και διατήρηση των ειδών .......................................................................................................... 70 Ανάπτυξη δράσεων citizen science .................................................................. 70 Κατάρτιση προσωπικού των αρμόδιων φορέων ............................................. 70 Ενημέρωση-Ευαισθητοποίηση των ομάδων ενδιαφέροντος .......................... 70 6.6 Επιπλέον προτεινόμενα μέτρα με εφαρμογή εκτός του παρόντος Σχεδίου Δράσης ... 70 Για το είδος Salmo farioides ............................................................................. 70 Για το είδος Salmo lourosensis ........................................................................ 71 Για το είδος Salmo pelagonicus ....................................................................... 72 6.7 Προδιαγραφές δράσεων παρακολούθησης ειδών με δειγματοληψίες .......................... 73 7 Πρόγραμμα παρακολούθησης και αξιολόγησης των μέτρων ....................................................... 74 7.1 Παρακολούθηση υλοποίησης – αποτελεσματικότητας ΣΔ ............................................. 74 7.2 Μεσοπρόθεσμη αξιολόγηση ΣΔ .......................................................................................... 79 7.3 Τελική αξιολόγηση ΣΔ ......................................................................................................... 79 8 Αναθεώρηση του Σ.Δ. .................................................................................................................... 80 9 Βιβλιογραφία ................................................................................................................................. 81 10 Παραρτήματα ................................................................................................................................ 92 10.1 Παράρτημα Ι: Χάρτες ............................................................................................................ 92 Χάρτες εξάπλωσης (distribution maps) και εύρους εξάπλωσης (range maps) των ειδών .......................................................................................................... 93 Χάρτες εθνικά προστατευόμενων περιοχών εντός της εξάπλωσης των ειδών .................................................................................................................. 98 10.2 Παράρτημα ΙΙ: Σύνοψη πιέσεων απειλών ......................................................................... 108 www.edozoume.gr ii 10.3 Παράρτημα ΙΙΙ: Πίνακας προτεινόμενων μέτρων ...........................................................
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