Bowie Proposed Trails Network

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Bowie Proposed Trails Network Proposed bridge Bowie City Loops crossing (T-3) B F BHT/WB&A spur E trail and bridge crossing (T-3) North Bowie Loop Trail Horsepen Park (Mountain Bike Skills Facility under construction - M-NCPPC) A Provide tunnel lighting Upgrade bridge H County Master Plan of I Transportation Trail Add trail amenities Race Track Rd. G neighborhood connector route BHT (P-37, T-1) J C MD 564 Race Track Rd. reconstruction (T-5) K Connect Chestnut Ave. to the WB&A @ MD 3 Mockingbird Ln. Destinations List A Old Bowie B Jericho Park D C The Patuxent River Road D WB&A Trail/ East Coast Greenway E Bowie State University/ MARC Station improvements F Merkel Farm Equestrian Center (T-6) G Tanglewood Park S High activity H Race Track LL area - address I Saddlebrook East J Yorktown Park connectivity and K Samuel Ogle Park N L access issues L Whitemarsh Park M Whitemarsh Branch Park M N Acorn Hill Park O Somerset Park Upgrade crossing P Buckingham Park Q Foxhill Park MD 197 R Belair Mansion S Bowie Marketplace/ Free State T Prince George’s Stadium U Governor Bridge P V Bowie Town Center R W Town Center Park Road improvments Upgrade X Glen Allen Park (T-7) crossing Y Allen Pond Park Z Enfield Chase Park MD 450 Q Pursue AA North Oak Court Park BB Mt. Oak Park easement for access CC Collington Branch Stream Valley Park Upgrade crossing - DD Mitchellville South Park under US major trail connection EE South Lake 50 FF Blacksox Park to South Bowie Melford-Kenilworth GG South Bowie Community Center Sidewalk Extension HH Capital Trails Coalition Trail (developer T-10) II South Bowie Branch Library JJ Church Road Park KK Pope’s Creek Park LL Bowie High School MM Springlake Park Governor’s US 50 Bridge Upgrade crossing U Canoe The Central Loop - Allen Pond T Launch V Park to White Marsh Park Existing Northview sidepath - to be updated Z W Core Loop Governor’s Bridge Improve crossings X Reconstruction (T-11) HH Y Governor’s Bridge Rd. Continue connector Patuxent AA River Corridor (alignment The South Bowie Loop unknown Need sidewalks and dedicated Legend trails along Mitchellville Rd. Existing Trails (City of Bowie, 2018) Patuxent River Water Trail FF Multi-Use Trail Sidewalks (PGC, 2017) Multi-Use Trail in Park City Parks Shared Road County Parks Sidepath Proposed Trail Network GG Bike Lane Alignment Private Trails Proposed Trail Planned Trails (Prince Georges Co., 2019) Connection Opportunity Proposed Trail Route Connect to East Hard Surface Trail Existing East Linkage Coast Greenway Side Path Case # 4-04035 Coast Greenway Designated alignment Hiker-Biker alignment along Improvement Area APROVED PPS 4-04035 Mill Branch Rd. Natural Surface Trail A Destination Along Off-Road Trail Route Other Transportation and MD 214 Planned Private/Unknown Ownership Trail Pipeline Projects Destination Trail Alignments- Existing and Planned (2018) County Master Plan of Capital Trails Coalition Trail (2018) Transportation - Planned US 301 Shared Roadway HeritageTrail (City of Bowie, 2018) Data Sources: The City of Bowie Planning Department East Coast Greenway (2018) Prince George's County Planning Department, Maryland IMAP M-NCPPC/Prince George's County, Department of Parks and Recreation Public input from planning workshop, February 2, 2019 Source: Esri, DigitalGlobe, GeoEye, Earthstar Geographics, CNES/Airbus DS, USDA, USGS, AeroGRID, IGN, and the GIS User Community Prince George’s Update of City of Bowie Trails Master Plan Destination/ Primary Trail to L/KLA Draft 4/25/19 Upper Marlboro Slide 8 of 9 1/10/2019 1,200 PROPOSED TRAIL NETWORK - ALT 1 E Feet.
Recommended publications
  • Formula 1 Race Car Performance Improvement by Optimization of the Aerodynamic Relationship Between the Front and Rear Wings
    The Pennsylvania State University The Graduate School College of Engineering FORMULA 1 RACE CAR PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT BY OPTIMIZATION OF THE AERODYNAMIC RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE FRONT AND REAR WINGS A Thesis in Aerospace Engineering by Unmukt Rajeev Bhatnagar © 2014 Unmukt Rajeev Bhatnagar Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Science December 2014 The thesis of Unmukt R. Bhatnagar was reviewed and approved* by the following: Mark D. Maughmer Professor of Aerospace Engineering Thesis Adviser Sven Schmitz Assistant Professor of Aerospace Engineering George A. Lesieutre Professor of Aerospace Engineering Head of the Department of Aerospace Engineering *Signatures are on file in the Graduate School ii Abstract The sport of Formula 1 (F1) has been a proving ground for race fanatics and engineers for more than half a century. With every driver wanting to go faster and beat the previous best time, research and innovation in engineering of the car is really essential. Although higher speeds are the main criterion for determining the Formula 1 car’s aerodynamic setup, post the San Marino Grand Prix of 1994, the engineering research and development has also targeted for driver’s safety. The governing body of Formula 1, i.e. Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) has made significant rule changes since this time, primarily targeting car safety and speed. Aerodynamic performance of a F1 car is currently one of the vital aspects of performance gain, as marginal gains are obtained due to engine and mechanical changes to the car. Thus, it has become the key to success in this sport, resulting in teams spending millions of dollars on research and development in this sector each year.
    [Show full text]
  • Pgpost Template
    The Pri nce Ge orge’s Pos t OMMUNITY EWSPAPER FOR RINCE EORGE S OUNTY SINCE A C N P G ’ C 1932 Vol. 86, No. 40 October 4 — October 10, 2018 Prince George’s County, Maryland Newspaper of Record Phone: 301-627-0900 25 cents Snip, Snap, Sauté Service Introduced by County Hosts Fall 2018 ‘Clean Up, Green Up’ on October 20, 2018 PHIllIPS’ Special Education School as The registration deadline is Friday, October 5 By PUBLIC INFORMATION OFFICER Part of Culinary and Farm Career Skills Program P.G. County’s Department of Public Works & Transportation By SHAWN FLAHERTY PHIllIPS Programs for LARGO, MD (September 27, 2018)—Prince George’s County’s bi- Children and Families annual countywide beautification event—‘Clean Up, Green Up’— will take place on Saturday, October 20, 2018. The County invites LAUREL, MD (September 26, community organizations, schools, businesses, municipalities, and 2018)—PHILLIPS Programs anyone interested in helping keep it clean and green to participate. for Children and Families, a lo - “‘Clean Up, Green Up’ is a win-win on several levels. Not only cal nonprofit helping youth is it great for the environment with the planting, cleaning, and litter with a variety of challenges removal, but it also creates opportunities for neighbors to reconnect succeed, is starting Snip, Snap, with one another and for new residents, businesses, and organizations Sauté, a student run food prepa - to get to know their communities,” ration service at its Special Ed - said Gwendolyn T. Clerkley, Acting ucation Day School in Laurel— Director of the Department of Pub - See ClEAN UP Page A8 which serves youth from DC and Maryland, including Howard, Prince George’s and Montgomery Counties.
    [Show full text]
  • Portland Supplemental Rules Driving and Track Supplemental Rules
    UPDATED ON 21 October 2012 Version 2 ChumpCar Unabashedly Presents “Ghosts & Goblins & Ghouls & Grease” Portland International Raceway 27-28 October 2012 Format: 12 + 6 Registration: Please note that the Registration & Payment Due Date for this race is technically passed; but a few spots do remain open (as of Oct. 21) and can be secured by registering online at www.ChumpCar.com or by contacting the West Region registration coordinator at [email protected] or 925.519.1069. Complete registration information, including pricing, can be located on ChumpCar’s website under RULES, specifically Section 6.0 Entries & Teams. P.O. Box 1541 Morgan Hill, CA 95038 www.chumpcar.com [email protected] “GGGG” Friday 26 October Schedule: Friday: 12:00pm – 6:00pm Registration – RED LION HOTEL 12:00pm – 6:00pm Tech Inspection – RED LION HOTEL 12:00pm – 6:00pm Driver’s Gear Inspection– RED LION 6:00pm – 7:00pm Driver’s School – PIR TIMING TOWER in Paddock/3RD Floor 11:00pm TRACK GATES CLOSED – NO IN/OUT ACCESS *** UPON COMPLETED TECH INSPECTION & REGISTRATION, teams may enter PIR track sometime between 4:00pm – 5:00pm, NOT BEFORE! Pit Lanes & Paddock stalls will once again be assigned due to car count. There are no early entries to the track/paddock, period. When gates do open, you will be directed to your pre-assigned paddock space/pit lane assignment. Tech Inspection and Registration for ChumpCar’s PIR event will start at 12:00pm on Friday, 26 October, and will be conducted in a portion of the parking lot of the nearby by Jantzen Beach RED LION HOTEL ON THE RIVER located at 909 North Hayden Island Drive, Portland, OR 97217, see www.redlionontheriver.com.
    [Show full text]
  • Cheers to the PGCPS Class of 2019! by OFFICE of COMMUNICATIONS Prince George’S County Public Schools UPPER MARLBORO, Md
    The Pri nce Ge orge’s Pos t OMMUNITY EWSPAPER FOR RINCE EORGE S OUNTY SINCE A C N P G ’ C 1932 Vol. 87, No. 22 May 30 — June 5, 2019 Prince George’s County, Maryland Newspaper of Record Phone: 301-627-0900 25 cents ® 2019 Comcast Leaders and Achievers Scholarship Achieving Excellence: Recipients from Prince George’s County Cheers to the PGCPS Class of 2019! By OFFICE OF COMMUNICATIONS Prince George’s County Public Schools UPPER MARLBORO, Md. (May 22, 2019)—Graduation cere - monies beg[a]n Thursday, May 23 for the Class of 2019 in Prince George’s County Public Schools (PGCPS). Graduates from 32 schools will celebrate their achievements over the next two weeks, starting [May 23] with Academy of Health Sci - ences (AHS) at Prince George’s Community College (PGCC), the school system’s highest-performing high school. AHS [held] its graduation ceremony at 10:30 a.m. for students who receive[d] both a high school diploma and associate’s degree on the same day. “Excellence is our standard for every student, from the first day of school to graduation day,” said Dr. Monica Goldson, Interim Chief Executive Officer. “We proudly celebrate our young achievers for earning their success and our admiration through perseverance and academic excellence.” This is a year of “firsts” for many innovative high school pro - grams. The first-ever graduating classes will walk across the stage at the two International High Schools, which serve immigrant stu - dents with limited English proficiency, and College Park Academy, a charter middle and high school.
    [Show full text]
  • Aerodynamics of Race Cars
    AR266-FL38-02 ARI 22 November 2005 19:22 Aerodynamics of Race Cars Joseph Katz Department of Aerospace Engineering, San Diego State University, San Diego, California 92182; email: [email protected] Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. Key Words 2006. 38:27–63 downforce, inverted wings, ground effect, drag The Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics is online at fluid.annualreviews.org Abstract doi: 10.1146/annurev.fluid. Race car performance depends on elements such as the engine, tires, suspension, 38.050304.092016 road, aerodynamics, and of course the driver. In recent years, however, vehicle aero- Copyright c 2006 by dynamics gained increased attention, mainly due to the utilization of the negative Annual Reviews. All rights lift (downforce) principle, yielding several important performance improvements. reserved This review briefly explains the significance of the aerodynamic downforce and how 0066-4189/06/0115- it improves race car performance. After this short introduction various methods to 0027$20.00 generate downforce such as inverted wings, diffusers, and vortex generators are dis- Annu. Rev. Fluid Mech. 2006.38:27-63. Downloaded from www.annualreviews.org cussed. Due to the complex geometry of these vehicles, the aerodynamic interaction between the various body components is significant, resulting in vortex flows and Access provided by University of Southern California (USC) on 05/14/19. For personal use only. lifting surface shapes unlike traditional airplane wings. Typical design tools such as wind tunnel testing, computational fluid dynamics, and track testing, and their rel- evance to race car development, are discussed as well. In spite of the tremendous progress of these design tools (due to better instrumentation, communication, and computational power), the fluid dynamic phenomenon is still highly nonlinear, and predicting the effect of a particular modification is not always trouble free.
    [Show full text]
  • Mount Clemens Race Track (©2008 by Mount Clemens Public Library
    Mount Clemens Public Library Local History Sketches Mount Clemens Race Track (©2008 by Mount Clemens Public Library. All rights reserved.) Aerial view of Mount Clemens Race Track about 1955 shows the lagoon between the ovals ount Clemens Race Track was located on a 55-acre site along North River Road near the I-94 Mfreeway. The property was purchased after World War II by Mount Clemens resident Dr. Clayton T. Stubbs and his wife Ruth, for use as a private pheasant hunting preserve. The land was an old harness racing site, the Clinton Driving Park, which had not been used for racing since about 1925. Dr. Stubbs discovered the old track, which had been erected in 1916 by the Mount Clemens Driving Club, overgrown with brush. About 1950, some local race drivers who were using the track to practice for their races at the Motor City Speedway approached Dr. Stubbs about cleaning up the track and offering races there. Dr. Stubbs agreed to their proposal, and the Mount Clemens Race Track was born. The first public race was offered on September 3, 1951, with 5,000 fans on hand. For years, the raceway attracted crowds for MMSRA stock car races on Sunday nights during the summer (in later years the schedule would change to Thursday and Saturday nights), as well as the occasional crowd-pleasing demolition derby. Grandstands seating 5,500 featured an adjacent picnic and playground area, as Dr. and Mrs. Stubbs wanted their racetrack to provide entertainment for the entire family. The grounds included half-mile and quarter-mile ovals and a figure-eight track.
    [Show full text]
  • A Need for Speed
    Story by Amanda Gustin/ Photos courtesy of the Vermont Historical Society VERMONT HISTORY A Need for Speed A brief history of the sport of auto racing in Vermont HEN YOU PICTURE VERMONT, YOU PROB­ The first automobile races in Vermont took place in St. ably imagine peace and quiet and bucolic mountain Johnsbury, at the Caledonia County Fair in September 1903. W views-but the state's faster, louder side has a proud The St. Johnsbury Caledonian proudly announced the 1903 fair history too. The year 2017 saw Vermonter Ken Squier elected to as "the largest and best ever held in St. Johnsbury," and noted the NASCAR Hall of Fame's Class of 2018, capping a long and that "one of the new features this year will be automobile races extraordinary career. It is no coi ncidence that the summer Ken consisting of three races, a doctor's race, a county race, and an was inducted, Vermont Governor Phil Scott was out racing, too, open race." and winning in the Late Model division at Thunder Road in It was during the doctor's race, on September 17, that tragedy Barre, Vermont. Racing is in Vermont's blood just as much as struck. "Machine Runs Away at a Vermont Fair, Kill ing One maple syrup. Man and Injuring Two," reported Th e New York Times the ~ -..-.-· r,.,. next day. Dr. John M. Allen was z .. r "recording a speed of nearly fifty ~ r" miles an hour" when he lost control !2 of his car and spun off the track. ~ 0 "Herbert Lamphere, who was riding >­ ,_~ on the front of the machine for the ~ 0 purpose of balancing the automobile u" z g in going around curves, was thrown against a hitching rail and almost ~ 8 instantly killed." Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • NASA Club Codes and Regulations
    3/25/2021 2:24 PM CLUB CODES AND REGULATIONS Ó1989 - 2021 2021.8.3 EDITION © THIS BOOK IS AN OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE NATIONAL AUTO SPORT ASSOCIATION. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NOTE- MID-SEASON UPDATES MAY BE PUBLISHED. PLEASE NOTE THE VERSION NUMBER ABOVE. THE CONTENTS OF THIS BOOK ARE THE SOLE PROPERTY OF THE NATIONAL AUTO SPORT ASSOCIATION. NO PORTION OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY MANNER, ELECTRONICALLY TRANSMITTED, POSTED ON THE INTERNET, RECORDED BY ANY MEANS, OR STORED ON ANY MAGNETIC / ELECTROMAGNETIC STORAGE SYSTEM(S) WITHOUT THE EXPRESS WRITTEN CONSENT FROM THE NATIONAL EXECUTIVE DIRECTOR OF THE NATIONAL AUTO SPORT ASSOCIATION. NOTE- THE VERSION POSTED ON THE WEBSITE MAY BE PRINTED FOR PERSONAL USE. National Auto Sport Association National Office 7065 A Ann Rd. #130 - 432 Las Vegas, NV 89130 http://www.nasaproracing.com 510-232-NASA 510-277-0657 FAX Author: Jerry Kunzman Editors: Jim Politi and Bruce Leggett ii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 TERMINOLOGY AND DEFINITIONS 3 1.1 Activities 3 1.1.1 High Performance Driving Event (HPDE) 3 1.1.2 Driving School 3 1.1.3 Open Track 3 1.1.4 Competition 3 1.1.5 Time Trial / Time Attack 3 1.1.6 Other NASA Activities 3 1.2 Facility Terminology 4 1.2.1 Racetrack 4 1.2.2 Restricted Area 4 1.2.3 Re-Entry (Head of Pit lane) 4 1.2.4 Hot Pits 4 1.2.5 Paddock / Pre-Grid 4 1.2.6 Cold Pits 4 1.2.7 Pitlane 4 1.2.8 Aerial Photography 4 1.3 Membership Definitions 4 1.3.1 Member 4 1.3.2 Membership – Terms and Conditions 4 1.3.3 Membership - Associate 5 1.3.4 Member Car Club Insurance 5 1.3.5 Membership Renewal
    [Show full text]
  • California Racing Fair Venues
    Artist's Rendering of the Alameda County Fair with Turf Course by William Vaughn Willis b California Racing Fair Venues Preserving a Heritage Building for the Future Presented By: The California Authority of Racing Fairs July 2007 Horses Run at the San Joaquin Fair. Racing has been conducted at the San Joaquin Fair since 1860. Contents... 3. Observations on the Future of Northern Front Cover: California Racing The cover showcases a rendering of the 5. Overview of Northern and Southern California Alamenda County Fairgrounds in Racing Fairs Pleasanton wilth a 7/8-mile Turf Course. Northern California Live Racing Fairs 6. San Joaquin Fair Plans are underway to make significant 7. Alameda County Fair improvements to Fair racing venues in 8. Solano County Fair Northern and Southern California. 9. Sonoma County Fair 10. Humboldt County Fair 11. California State Fair Photo Credit: Will Vaughn Willis 12. Big Fresno Fair Racing Venues at Fairgrounds in Southern California 13. Los Angeles County Fair 14. San Diego County Fair 15. California Fairs Satellite Network 16. Fair Satellite Wagering Facilities Some Observations On The Future Of California Racing By Christopher Korby, Execitive Director, Californa Authorioty Of Racing Fairs Introduction ingly or unwillingly, be compelled to consider development Fairs have a grand old tradition of horse racing in of their property for uses other than racing. California going back over 150 years to the days of the Gold The move to develop race track real estate is already Rush. So when pari-mutuel wagering came along in the underway at Bay Meadows. Local observers with whom we early ’30s, the Fairs embraced it like an old friend.
    [Show full text]
  • Marlboro Ridge Community Guide Copyright 2012 Toll Brothers, Inc
    A GUIDE TO THE SERVICES AVAILABLE NEAR YOUR NEW HOME Marlboro Ridge COMMUNITY GUIDE Copyright 2012 Toll Brothers, Inc. All rights reserved. These resources are provided for informational purposes only, and represent just a sample of the services available for each community. Toll Brothers in no way endorses or recommends any of the resources presented herein. MRCM-2537-30310 4/12 CONTENTS COMMUNITY PROFILE . 1 SCHOOLS . 2 SHOPPING . 3 MEDICAL FACILITIES . 4 PUBLIC UTILITIES . 4 WORSHIP . 5 TRANSPORTATION . 7 RECREATIONAL FACILITIES . 8 RESTAURANTS . 12 LIBRARIES . 14 COLLEGES . 14 VETERINARIANS . 15 SOCIAL SERVICE ORGANIZATIONS . 15 GOVERNMENT . 16 SENIOR CITIZEN CENTERS . 16 EMERGENCY . 17 LEARN ABOUT THE SERVICES YOUR COMMUNITY HAS TO OFFER COMMUNITY PROFILE Nestled in a charming country setting, Marlboro Ridge is a sophisticated recreational community offering state-of-the-art equestrian facilities and resort-style amenities, and is just minutes from any convenience you may need . Families who live here will enjoy the relaxed atmosphere of tranquil country living, with excellent shopping and a wide choice of cultural and recreational events close to home . The beautiful Potomac and Patuxent Rivers, only 20 minutes away, and the Chesapeake Bay and Maryland Eastern Shore, 45 minutes away, offer opportunities for boating, fishing, and other water sports . Several local and state parks are located nearby, including Rosaryville State Park, home to the historic Mount Airy Mansion, and Watkins Regional Park . At these parks, you and your family can enjoy touring a nature center, camping, picnicking, hiking, biking, and horseback riding, among other recreational activities . In addition to the many recreational opportunities, Prince George’s County also offers a broad variety of cultural diversions .
    [Show full text]
  • Racetrack Safety Guidelines
    RACETRACK SAFETY GUIDELINES Published by CIRSA 3665 Cherry Creek North Drive Denver, Colorado 80209 800.228.7136 FAX 303.757.8950 www.cirsa.org © CIRSA 2007 Table of Contents I. Introduction 2 II. Location 2 III. Operation, Maintenance & Inspection 3 IV. Event Operation 4 V. Claims Reporting & Investigation 4 VI. Budgeting 4 VII. Release of Liability & Indemnifi cation Agreement 6 VIII. Audit & Inspection Sample Checklists 9 * This publication is meant for informational purposed only, and as with all CIRSA publications, is intended only to assist CIRSA members in their own loss control activities. It is not intended to replace programs and activities, or provide specifi c legal, technical, or other advice. * 1 Introduction Automobile racing in America can be traced back to 1895, when six racers competed in a 54 mile race from Chicago to Evanston, Illinois and back for a $2,000 prize. Through snowy condi- tions, Frank Duryea crossed the fi nish line fi rst with a time of 10 hours and 23 minutes. The love of speed and competition has catapulted the popularity of racing as well as the types of racing to new highs annually. Autos and motorcycles are raced in a gamut of categories and the availability of local facilities draws many participants of all skill levels. Municipalities may own a racing facility, be it a drag strip, road course, or an old airport runway con- verted to a race track in efforts to bring tourism and revenue to the local area. Owning and operating a facility for this high risk activity is normally outside the scope of standard municipal operations, such as water treatment or playground maintenance.
    [Show full text]
  • EUROPEAN FEDERATION of RADIO OPERATED MODEL AUTOMOBILES MEMBERS HANDBOOK 2018 EFRA Handbook 2018 APPENDIX 5 LARGE SCALE I.C
    EUROPEAN FEDERATION OF RADIO OPERATED MODEL AUTOMOBILES MEMBERS HANDBOOK 2018 EFRA Handbook 2018 APPENDIX 5 LARGE SCALE I.C. RULES 1. RACE FORMAT 1.1 There will be two annual European Championships to determine the European Champion in: a.) 1:5 Scale Touring Cars and F1 b.) 1:6 Scale Off Road Cars 2WD + 4WD + Short Course c.) 1:5 Scale Touring cars and F1, 40+ Drivers can only enter one class at a European Championship. There will not be a 1:5 touring car European Championship event held in the same year as an IFMAR World Championship event held in Europe, the 4 EFRA GP’s will determine the European Champion in Touring car and Formula 1 with the 3 best results counting. 1.2 The results of the EFRA-GP´s will give the EFRA ranking list. The Ranking list will be a continually updated one, for every new EFRA GP, the oldest one will be deleted. 1.3 The number of drivers per event is limited for GP’s to 110 and for EC’s to 150. There are 2 classes at a GP (TC and F1), in case of more than 110 attendees wants to subscribe the numbers must be limited for each section to 76 TC and 34 F1 = 110 drivers in total. With permission from the Chairman, the track and facilities being suitable, the maximum number of drivers at a GP can be increased. A minimum number of 25 participants from 3 different countries in a class at an EC is required for that class to be officially classified as a European Championship and a European Champion title given to 1st place.
    [Show full text]