Mineral Resources of the Owens Peak Wilderness Study Area, Tulare and Kern Counties, California
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Mineral Resources of the Owens Peak Wilderness Study Area, Tulare and Kern Counties, California U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1705-A Chapter A Mineral Resources of the Owens Peak Wilderness Study Area, Tulare and Kern Counties, California By MICHAEL F. DIGGLES, JAMES G. FRISKEN, ANDREW GRISCOM, and HERBERT A. PIERCE U.S. Geological Survey J. DOUGLAS CAUSEY U.S. Bureau of Mines U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY BULLETIN 1705-A MINERAL RESOURCES OF WILDERNESS STUDY AREAS: SOUTH-CENTRAL CALIFORNIA DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR DONALD PAUL MODEL, Secretary U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Dallas L. Peck, Director UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE, WASHINGTON : 1986 For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section U.S. Geological Survey Federal Center, Box 25425 Denver, CO 80225 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mineral resources of the Owens Peak Wilderness Study Area, Tulare and Kern Counties, California U.S. Geological Survey Bulletin 1705-A Bibliography Supt. of Docs. No.: I 19.3:1705-A 1. Mines and mineral resources California Owens Peak Wilderness. 2. Geology California Owens Peak Wilderness. I. Diggles, M.F. II. Series. QE75.B9 No. 1705-A 557.3 s 86-600270 [TN24.C2] [553'.09794'86] STUDIES RELATED TO WILDERNESS Bureau of Land Management Wilderness Study Area The Federal Land Policy and Management Act (Public Law 94-579, October 21, 1976) requires the U.S. Geological Survey and U.S. Bureau of Mines to conduct mineral surveys on certain areas to determine the mineral values, if any, that may be present. Results must be made available to the public and be submitted to the President and the Congress. This report presents the results of a mineral survey of part of the Owens Peak (CA-010-026) Wilderness Study Area, Tulare and Kern Counties, California. CONTENTS Summary Al Abstract 1 Character and setting 1 Identified mineral resources 1 Mineral resource potential 3 Introduction 3 Location and physiography 3 Procedures and sources of data 3 Acknowledgments 6 Appraisal of Identified Resources 6 Mining and mineral exploration history 6 Mines, prospects, and mineral occurrences 6 Appraisal of identified resources 6 Assessment of Mineral Resource Potential 6 Geology 6 Paleozoic(?) metamorphic rocks 6 Triassic and (or) Jurassic granitic rocks 7 Cretaceous granite and granodiorite 7 Quaternary surficial deposits 7 Structure 7 Geochemistry 7 Methods and background 7 Results and interpretation 8 Geophysics 9 Aeromagnetic data 9 Electrical data 9 Conclusions 10 References cited 10 Appendix 1. Definition of levels of mineral resource potential and certainty 13 FIGURES 1. Index map showing location of Owens Peak Wilderness Study Area. Tulare and Kern Counties. California A2 2. Generalized geologic map and areas of mineral resource potential in the Owens Peak Wilderness Study Area, California 4 3. Major elements of mineral resource potential/certainty classification 13 TABLE 1. Prospect in the Owens Peak Wilderness Study Area (CA-010-026) A12 MINERAL RESOURCES OF WILDERNESS STUDY AREAS: SOUTH-CENTRAL CALIFORNIA Mineral Resources of the Owens Peak Wilderness Study Area, Tulare and Kern Counties, California By Michael F. Diggles, James G. Frisken, Andrew Griscorn, and Herbert A. Pierce U.S. Geological Survey j. Douglas Causey U.S. Bureau of Mines SUMMARY Sierra Nevada west of the range crest and north of Walker Pass (fig. 1). The mineral resources of the Abstract eastern wilderness study area, CDCA-158, are described by Diggles and others (1985). This report The part of the Owens Peak Wilderness Study covers the western wilderness study area (CA-010- Area (CA-010-026) designated as suitable for mineral 026); it is approximately 14,430 acres in area and is surveys encompasses 14,430 acres in the southern located 15 mi east of Isabella. The terrane is Sierra Nevada. Field work was carried out in 1981 generally steep and rugged, with elevations ranging through 1985 to assess the mineral resource potential from about 4,500 ft in the valleys to 8,453 ft at the of the area. summit of Owens Peak. The wilderness study area is underlain by granitic Most of the area is underlain by plutonic rocks of rocks that intruded metasedimentary rocks. Tungsten, the Sierra Nevada batholith. The majority of these occurring in the mineral scheelite, sometimes is rocks are leucocratic, nonfoliated Cretaceous (63 to present in skarns along the contacts between these two 138 million years before present) granites and rock types. granodiorites. There is also an older set of more mafic There are four areas of mineral resource granitic rocks of Jurassic age (240 to 570 million years potential in the Owens Peak Wilderness Study Area before present) that are granodioritic to tonalitic in (CA-010-026). The area of Burnt House Canyon has composition. The oldest intrusive rocks in the moderate mineral resource potential for tungsten and wilderness study area are probably Triassic (205 to 240 low mineral resource potential for copper and zinc. million years before present) and (or) Jurassic gabbros The area around Spanish Needle Creek has moderate and diorites. The granitic rocks intrude Paleozoic(?) mineral resource potential for tungsten and low (240 to 570 million years before present) mineral resource potential for lead. The canyon east metamorphosed sedimentary rocks composed of of Lament Meadow has low mineral resource potential quartz-mica schist, quartzite, and marble. There are for tungsten, copper, and barite. The area of lower zones of garnet-epidote-wollastonite calc-silicate Three Pines Canyon has low mineral resource potential hornfels near marble-granite intrusive contacts. for tungsten and copper. In this report, any reference to the Owens Peak Wilderness Study Area, the "wilderness study area," Identified Mineral Resources and "study area" refers only to that part of the wilderness study area designated by the U.S. Bureau of In 1983, U.S. Bureau of Mines personnel Land Management as suitable for mineral surveys. conducted an appraisal of the mineral resources of the Owens Peak Wilderness Study Area (CA-010-026). This study was done in conjunction with the mineral Character and Setting appraisal of the Owens Peak (CDCA-158) and Little Lake Canyon (CDCA-157) Wilderness Study Areas. There are two Owens Peak Wilderness Study Ten mines, prospects, and mineralized areas were Areas (CA-010-026 and CDCA-158) in the southern examined and sampled, one of which, the Golden Age Al 1 18 15' 1 18°00' 1 17°45' 36°00' to Bishop Kennedy Meadows s395 Little Lake Little Lake I \ LITTLE LAKE CANYON ^WILDERNESS STUDY AREA / \ (CDCA-157) Meado OWENS PEAK WILDERNESS STUDY AREA (CA 010-026) 6Pearsonville 1NYO CO TULARE CO KERN CO KERN CO 35°45' OWENS PEAK WILDERNESS - STUDY AREA (CDCA 158) AREA OF AAAP Figure 1. Index map showing location of Owens Peak (CA-010-G26) Wilderness Study Area, Tulare and Kern Counties, California. A2 prospect, is in the Owens Peak Wilderness Study Area (fig. 1). The study area consists of about 14,430 acres (CA-010-026) (fig. 2, no. 1; table 1). and extends from Walker Pass northward to Chimney Metallic and nonmetallic mineral resources were Meadow, and from the Sierra Nevada crest on the east not identified in the wilderness study area. The to Canebrake Road on the west. Access to the area is Golden Age prospect, located in Burnt House Canyon, by California Highway 178 from the south, county road encompasses two different mineral occurrences. Small J41 from the north, and spurs off of Highway 178 and skarns containing minor quantities of tungsten have Canebrake Road from the west. There is no road been exposed in exploratory trenches. Sand and gravel access from the east. The terrane is generally steep deposits are sparse and small, and energy minerals and rugged with elevations ranging from about 4,500 ft were not identified in the wilderness study area. in the Canebrake Creek valley in the southwest to 8,453 ft at the summit of Owens Peak in the east. The vegetation is typically sagebrush and mountain Mineral Resource Potential mahogany on the lower slopes. Higher ground is covered by vegetation of the Transition Zone (Storer There are four areas of mineral resource and Usinger, 1963): Jeffrey pine, incense cedar, black potential in the Owens Peak Wilderness Study Area oak, ceanothus, and rare sugar pine on the north side (CA-010-026) (fig. 2). The area of Burnt House of Lament Peak. The middle elevations are in the Canyon, where the Golden Age prospect is located, is Upper Sonoran Zone, where pinon and digger pine, live underlain by gneissic diorite and biotite granodiorite oak, ceanothus, manzanita, and chinquapin dominate. with minor pods of metamorphic rocks, including calc- silicate hornfels. Geochemical analyses of heavy- mineral concentrates from stream sediment indicate Procedures and Sources of Data that tungsten, zinc, and copper are present. Inspection of the concentrates showed the presence of pyrite, and The U.S. Geological Survey conducted field illumination under short-wave ultraviolet light showed investigations of the Owens Peak Wilderness Study the presence of scheelite and willemite. There is a Area (CA-010-026) from 1982 to 1985. This work pegmatite dike in the area that contains abundant included detailed geologic mapping where necessary, muscovite. Samples from this prospect contain field checking of existing maps, geochemical sampling, anomalous amounts of tungsten. The area has and inspecting outcrops for scheelite using ultraviolet moderate mineral resource potential for tungsten and lamps. Aeromagnetic data were collected in 1981. low mineral resource potential for copper and zinc. The general geology of the area west of the Sierra Spanish Needle Creek is underlain by quartz- Nevada crest was described by Miller (1931, 1946) and mica schist containing local pods of calcareous Miller and Webb (1940). The Inyokern quadrangle, metamorphic rocks. Heavy-mineral concentrate adjacent to the wilderness study area to the southeast, samples from the area contained anomalous was mapped by Dibblee (1954).