Reinventing the Propeller Jeremy R. Kinney Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-14286-2 — Reinventing the Propeller Jeremy R. Kinney Index More Information

361

Index

Adjustable and Reversible Propeller and modern airplane, 203 , 212 , 217 , Corporation, 83 , 88, 91 , 103 233 , 277 , 306 , 308 Advanced Turboprop Project, 339 – 341 and Reed propeller, 167 , 169 , 178 Aerial Age Weekly, 31n38 , 75n1 and variable- pitch propeller, 104 , 204 , aerial spectacle 211 , 220 , 305 air racing, 147, 167 , 178, 224 aeronautical specialty, 3 – 7 , 9 – 11 , 103 , government-sponsored, 154 , 163, 196f15, 329 , 346 259 , 268 Aeroproducts Division of General Motors, Aerial Steamer, 18 313 – 314 Aeromarine Plane and Motor Model 606 propeller, 333 , 334 Company, 29 postwar developments, 324 , 328 , 333 , 334 Aeromatic Propellers, 325 Unimatic propeller, 252, 313 – 314 aeronautical community, 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 – 7 , 12 , and World War II, 316 , 319 13 – 14 , 51 , 76 , 139 , 234 , 272 , Air Age, 4 , 236 , 273 , 306, 324 , 349 306 , 328 Air Ministry American, 42 , 120 , 214 , 231 , 244 , 348 and de Havilland Aircraft British, 208 , 210 , 261 – 262 , 265 , 268 , Company, 265 272 , 281 , 286 , 304 and Fighter Command conversion engineering logic, 206 , 215 , 234 , 235 program, 294 German, 255 and Hele-Shaw Beacham propeller, and metal propeller, 26 , 126 , 134 , 108 – 110 , 207 143 , 176 and rearmament, 282 – 284, 317 and Reed propeller, 154, 155, 158 , and Rotol, 267 178 – 179 Air Propellers, Inc., 191 and variable- pitch propeller, 87 , 98, Aircraft Research Association, 337 198 , 246 airmindedness, 4, 6 , 7 , 9 , 15, 135 , 146 , and wood propeller, 32, 38 324 , 347 aeronautical infrastructure, 8, 45, 73, 181 , Airscrew Company Ltd., 264, 277 , 279f21, 345 , 346 287 , 318 Aeronautical Revolution, 2 , 2n3 , 9 , 73, Allison Division of General Motors, 252, 206, 234 , 345 334 , 339, 340 and ground-adjustable propeller, 116, T56/ 501 engine, 331, 333 126, 144 aluminum, aluminum alloy. See duralumin

361

362

362 Index

American Propeller and Manufacturing Burgess Company, 25 Company, 23 – 25 , 26 , 27 , 103 Burroughes, Hugh, 110 , 207 , 209 Universal propeller, 91 – 94 , 101 , 102 and World War I, 39, 40 Caldwell, Frank W., 32 – 33 , 44 , 196f15, Army Air Forces, 308 230f18, 322, 343 509th Composite Group, 313 awards, 229 , 240 56th Fighter Group, 315 – 316 at Curtiss, 33 – 35 39th Bomb Group, 310 at Hamilton Standard, 188 , Army Air Service 197 – 201 , 242 Engineering Division, 36 at McCook Field, 37 , 42 Arnold, Henry H., 83 , 216 patents, 128 , 144 , 188 , 197 and propeller whirl testing, 47 – 48, Bacon, David L., 92 53 – 54, 73 Bakelite Micarta, 98 , 100 , 118 – 120, 192 and S.A. Reed, 163 – 167 , 170, 176 , 179 Balfour, Harold, 281 at Standard Steel, 144 , 187 Bane, Thurman H., 82n20 , 82n21 , 82n24, at United Aircraft, 310 , 331 83n26, 84n29 , 84n30, 86n34, 87 , and variable-pitch propeller, 211 , 214 , 87n40, 88 , 88n42 , 88n43, 88n44 , 219 , 220 , 237 – 238 , 245 90n48, 91n52 , 92n57, 95n65 , 95n66, Camp Borden, Royal Canadian Air Force, 98n78, 99n80, 100 , 100n84 , 113n117, 112 , 114f9 119n5, 119n7 , 122n16 , 122n17 , Canadian Propellers Ltd., 308 123 , 123n19 , 151 , 152n15 , 164n55 , Caproni, Giovanni, 29 165n58 Cayley, George, 18 Bastow, Stuart, 28 , 29 , 176 Chadwick, Roy, 264 Bastow- Pagé propeller, 28 – 29 , 176 Chati eld, Charles H., 195 , 196f15, 213 Bazley, Halsey R., 198 Chauviére, Lucien, 22 Beacham, Thomas Edward, 109 , 207 , 208 , Collier Trophy 236 , 243 , 264 1925, 162 , 178 Blanchard, Jean-Pierre Francois, 17 1933, 229 , 230f18 Blanchard, Werner J. “Pete” 1938, 235 at Aeroproducts, 313 – 314, 333 1987, 340 at Curtiss, 202 , 203 , 227 composites, 277, 318 – 319 , 337 , 342 at Engineering Projects, 250 – 252, 272 Constant Speed Airscrews Ltd., 270 – 272 Boeing Airplane Company Cooke, Desmond, 284 , 289 , 292, 294 , B-17, 239 , 308 , 309f23 299 – 300 , 304 B-29, 308 – 310 , 313 , 315 Cozens, Henry Illife, 278 , 281 , 285 Monomail, 212 – 214 , 247 , 217 – 221 , Croce-Spinelli, Joseph, 19 228 , 233 , 236 Crook, David M., 302 – 303 Boggs, G. Ray, 80 culture of performance, 3 – 6 , 13 Bonson, E.W., 23 Curry, John F., 170 , 172 Breech, Ernest, 252 Curtiss Aeroplane and Motor Company, Bristol Aeroplane Company Ltd., 210 , 34, 39 , 161 , 181 , 201 262 , 266 and Reed propeller, 149, 153 , 161 , 165 , Brookes, Donald S., 279 , 304 166 , 347 Brow, Harold J., 155 , 166 Curtiss aircraft Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAer), 168n68, Condor, 242 173n81 , 186n16 , 228n78 CR- 3, 146 , 147f13 , 157 on commercial sales, 228 , 239 JN- 3, 35 and metal propeller, 134 , 152 – 153, 168 , JN-4, 80 , 84 , 88, 98 173 , 248 P-36, 250 Bureau of Standards, 168 P-40, 249

363

Index 363

Curtiss Electric propeller, 203, 228 , Dowding, Hugh, 262, 276 , 294 240 , 250 Dowty Rotol Ltd., 332 , 336 and World War II, 311 – 313 , 316 R391 Advanced Propeller System, 341, Curtiss-Wright Corporation, 181 , 342f25 , 343 211 , 240 , 272 , 332 , See Propeller duralumin, 29 , 30 , 31 , 134 , 255 Division Army- Standard Steel blades, 126 – 127 drop-forging, 124 Damon, Ralph S., 250 Hamilton Aero blades, 186 Darley, H. S. “George”, 298 Reed propeller, 148 – 150 , 162 , 163 , 165 , 167 Daugherty, Earl S., 75 , 76f7, 79 – 80 Durand, William F., 43, 51, 52 Davenport, Arthur, 264 Dwight, R. D., 30 de Havilland Aircraft Company Ltd, and Fighter Command conversion Earle, Robert L., 250 program, 292 – 299 , 301 – 303 Ebert, Hans, 253 , 254 , 261 , 273 , 320 , 321 Hamilton Standard license, 229 , Ehinger, C. E., 333 231 – 232 , 262 , 268 engineering and market dominance, 265 – 266 aeronautical, 33 , 45 , 72 – 73, 100 , and rearmament, 266, 277 , 282 – 283 211 , 346 and World War II, 317 – 318 Army style, 46 , 53 , 72 – 73 , 115 , 118 de Havilland Propellers Ltd., 331 electrical, 60 , 73 de Havilland, Geoffrey, 27 mechanical, 33 , 47 , 73 , 95 , 104 , 211 Deere, Alan C., 280 , 290, 303 Engineering Division, Army Air Service Deutsche Versuchsanstalt für Luftfahrt and metal propeller, 117 – 134 (DVL), 253 , 255 and propeller testing, 53 – 66 DH- 4 “Liberty Plane”, 73, 119 Propeller Testing Laboratory, 59, 61f5 and Reed propeller, 154, 160 , 168 and Reed propeller, 163 – 171 and Standard Steel propeller, 132, 137 and variable-pitch propeller, 81 – 91 and variable- pitch propeller, 82, 90 engineering logic and wood propeller, 50 , 121 conservative, 88, 99 , 111 , 118 , Dickey, D. Adam, 55 , 67, 68, 73 205 , 263 background and education, 60 performance-based, 136, 206 , 222 , evaluation of German propellers, 322 233 , 234 head of propeller unit, 72 – 73 Engineering Projects, Inc., 251 – 252 , 313 Materiel Division propeller, 215 Esnault- Pelterie, Robert, 26 Dicks Aeronautical Corporation, 144 , 248 Evans, Stanley H., 264 Dicks, Thomas A, collaboration with Frank Caldwell, Faehrmann, Hermann, 122 126 – 128 , 129 , 132 , 133 Fairey Aviation Company Ltd, at Dicks Aeronautical, 144, 248 – 249 Battle bomber, 271 , 279 , 287 at Standard Steel, 94 – 95 Fairey- Reed propeller, 157 , 160 , 209 Dicks-Luttrell Propeller Company, 94 Fales, Elisha N., 125 Dienstbach, Carl, 16 , 21, 22n17 Fechet, James E., 88 , 173 Doolittle, James H. “Jimmy”, 159, 167 , Fedden, Roy, 210 – 211 , 211n17 , 231 , 224 , 226 262n80 , 266n96 , 267 , 267n98 , Dornier Do 17, 257 267n99 , 268 , 268n102 , 268n104, Douglas Company 283 , 283n24 , 284n28 DC-1, 221 –223 i xed-pitch propeller, 22 , 22f2 , 31 , 37, DC- 2, 205f17 , 223 – 224, 233 38f3 , 44, 47 DC- 3, 1, 241 , 243 – 244 , 246 compared to variable-pitch propeller, DC-series, 7 206 , 208 , 213 , 222 , 231 Sleeper Transport (DST), 1 , 2f 1 , 245 in Germany, 260

364

364 Index

i xed-pitch propeller (cont.) Hamilton Sundstrand Corporation, 342 in Great Britain, 263 , 264 , 277 – 280 , Hamilton, Thomas F. “Tom”, 39 , 190 , 195 , 279f21, 287 – 288 196f15, 236 – 237 ground-adjustable, 117f10 , 129 , 130f11 , at Hamilton Aero Manufacturing, 184 , 131f12 185 , 187 , 210 Reed propeller, 146, 163 , 169 – 170 at Hamilton Standard, 188 , 189 and Wright brothers, 20 – 22 , 345 Hart 1920 Model propeller, 82 – 88, 89f8 Ford Motor Company, 119 , 169 , 249 Hart and Eustis propeller, 76f7, 77 – 82 , 91 Franklin, William H., 299 Hart, Seth, 78 Freedman Aircraft Engineering, 325 Hartzell Propellers, 175 , 325 , 336 Freeman, Wilfrid R., 267 , 268 Hathorn, Charles, 149 , 150 , 151f14 Hawker Hurricane, 275 , 285 , 288 , Gallaudet, Edson F., 30 291 , 304 Gallup, David L., 33 Hayward, Charles B., 31 Gardner, Lester D., 177 Hearle, Frank T., 27 , 232 Gazely, Richard C., 70 Heath, Spencer, 23 – 24, 27, 91 – 94 , General Electric (GE), 48, 62, 98, 340 , 100 – 102 , 103 , 176 341 , 343 Heddernheimer Metal Company, 253 Unducted Fan (UDF), 339 – 340 Hegy, Ray, 185 – 187 Gibson, Hugo C., 23 Helbig, W., 253 Giffard, Henri, 17 Hele- Shaw Beacham propeller, 109 –111 , Gillmore, William E., 69, 70n74 , 83n26, 208 , 262 88n44, 94n60, 102 , 102n89 , 102n90 , Bristol development, 262 , 266 – 267 173n84 Gloster development, 111 , 206 , 210 , Gleed, Ian, 288 , 303 262 , 268 Gloster Aircraft Company, 108 , 110 , 111 , Rolls- Royce development, 262, 267 206 – 207 , 207n3, 207n4 , 209 , 210 , Hele- Shaw, Henry Selby, 108 – 109 , 207 , 210n15 , 210n16 , 267n99 208 , 236 , 243 , 264 Gouge, Arthur, 264 Hicks, Harold A., 120 Graf, John E., 177 higher, faster, and farther, 5 , 5n9 , 13 , 14, Great Aerodrome, 20 272 , 334 Grey, C. G., 6 , 157, 158 , 177 and the Jet Age, 306 , 326 , 338 , Grogan, George, 1 , 2f 1 , 245, 348 349 and propeller development, 143, 179 , Halahan, P. J. H., 287 198 , 327 Hale, W. A., 56 , 57 , 68 , 73 Hilliker, George, 150, 151f14 Hall, Donald, 135 – 138 Hives, Ernest W., 267 , 284 Hamilton Aero Manufacturing Company, Howard, Clinton W., 175 , 214 184 , 187 , 188 – 189, 190 , 193 , 210 Hughes, Howard R., 10 , 235 , 235n1, 246 , and metal propeller, 185 – 187 246n30 Hamilton Standard Propeller Corporation Huston, Elmo F., 310 constant- speed counterweight, 237 – 240, 242 , 292 – 296, 322 Ide, John Jay, 105 controllable-counterweight, 180 , incorporation of aviation, 180 –181 199 – 201, 200f16 , 220 , 262 indeterminate synergy of invention, innovation, 23E50 propeller, 308 and use, 13 , 14 , 123 , 143 , 178 45C2 propeller, 223 Ingells steel propeller, 58 54H60 propeller, 331 , 341 Ingells, James, 122 568F propeller, 342 Institute of the Aeronautical Sciences (IAS), formation, 188 – 189 177, 211 , 240 , 311 Hydromatic propeller, 242 – 244 , 243f International Air Meeting, 256 – 259 19 , 330 , 331 inventive institutions, 10 and World War II, 307 – 308 Iso- Rev Propellers, 325

365

Index 365

J. A. Fay and Egan Company, 175 , 194 Manufacturer’s Aircraft Association Jane, Fred T., 25 , 31 (MAA), 153 , 178 Jet Age, 14, 326 – 329 , 335 , 338 , Martens, Arthur, 253 341 , 349 Martin, Erle, 191 – 192 , 230f18 Johnson, Robert S., 316 at Hamilton Standard, 238 , 242 , 311 , Jones, Casey, 151, 151f14 330 , 343 Jones, Ivor, 295 Martin, Harold S., 98 , 169 Junkers, Hugo, 104 Massachusetts Institute of Technology Junkers- Flugzeugwerk, 229 (MIT), 33 , 37, 251, 323 Juvenal, Chester G., 310 materials, 306, 325 , See Bakelite Micarta , composites, duralumin, steel , wood Kilner, Walter G., 173 Materiel Division, Army Air Corps, 70 Knowles, Henry, 264 competition with industry, 100 – 102 Kraeling, Harry A., 95 , 174 , Propeller Laboratory, 66 , 69f6 188 – 189 and propeller testing, 66 – 70 and Reed propeller, 173 – 174 Lampton, Glen T., 93 – 94 , 226 and variable- pitch propeller, 212 – 217, Lane-Burslem, Eric, 292 , 297 247 , 250 Langley, Samuel P., 20 Matthews Brothers Manufacturing Le Peré LUSAC-11, 82 , 119 Company, 39 , 184 , 185 Leighton, Bruce G., 152 Maughan, Russell J., 156 Leitner, Henry, 110 McCauley, Ernest G. Leitner-Watts propeller, 110, 124 collaboration with Frank Caldwell, Lesley, Everett P., 51, 51n19 , 52 96 – 97 , 102 , 127 , 128 Lindbergh, Charles A., 116 , 140 , 245 McCauley Aviation Corporation, 144 and Standard Steel propeller, 117f10, McCook Field. See Engineering Division, 140 , 145 , 346 Army Air Service as technical adviser, 222 , 223 McGlasson, Robert, 271 Lockheed/Lockheed- Martin aircraft McIntosh, Lawrence W., 166 C-130J, 341 , 342f25 McStay, Carl E., 81 L-188 Electra, 333 Mead, George J., 182, 195 – 197 , 196f15, P- 38, 249 218, 244 Super Electra, 235 , 246 Messerschmitt Bf 109, 257 , 260 , 287 , 293 , 320 Vega, 214 , 225 metal. See duralumin , steel Loening, Grover C., 44 as design choice, 124 Lund and Dwight propeller, 30 limitations, 31 – 32 Lund, James B., 30 and modernity, 12 , 127 Luttrell, James B., 94 Metal Airscrew Company Ltd., 108 Lynam, E. J. H., 105 – 106 , 110 , 208 Metal Propellers Ltd., 110 , 124 Metz, Arthur W. F., 292 , 297 , 298 MacDill, Leslie, 65n60 , 68n71 , 68n72, Meusnier, Jean Baptiste, 17 70, 71n78 , 92n57, 94 , 94n60, 94n61, Micarta. See Bakelite Micarta 101n85 , 101n86 , 102 , 155n29 , Military Aeroplanes, 44 162n54 , 164n57 , 168n66 , 169n69 , Miller, Frank, 152 169n71 , 173n80 Miller, Walter, 155 , 166 MacNeil, Charles S. J., Jr., 251 – 252, 272, Milner, Harry Lawley “Pop”, 110 – 111 , 313 – 314 209 , 211 , 231 , 267 , 343 MacRobertson Race, 204 , 231 – 234 , 235 , Mitchell, William “Billy”, 83 , 87 , 119 236 , 262 modern aircraft, 2 , 6 – 7 , 13, 221 , 243 , 249, Mairesse, Robert, 80 – 81 276 , 347 Mannella, Alexander F., 137 , 193 Moffett, William A., 152 , 169 Manning, Leroy, 119 Monteith, Charles N., 90 , 195 , 196f15 , 218 Mantz, Paul, 103 Moss, Sanford A., 98

366

366 Index

Moy, Thomas, 18 and the Jet Age, 328 , 330 MRC Ltd., 296 and metal propeller, 123 , 124 , 144 , 197 and rearmament, 306 National Advisory Committee for and variable- pitch propeller, 27 , 75 , 102 , Aeronautics (NACA), 35 , 42 – 43 , 145 , 212 , 273 92 , 217 propeller components engine cowling, 205 , 221 cuffs, 315 – 316 research programs, 51 – 52 , 73, 125 , 159 , governor, 109 , 237 , 240 , 243f 19 , 315 , 328 – 329 251 , 295 National Aeronautic Association (NAA), paddle blades, 315 – 316 150n13 , 162 , 229 , 235 , 340 split hub, 128 , 130f11, 186 National Aeronautics and Space Propeller Division, Curtiss-Wright Administration (NASA), 329 , 337 , Corporation, 312f24 , 319t3 , 324 339 , 340 , 343 establishment and innovation, 248 – 250 National Air Races, 132 , 155 , 158 , 162 , postwar decline, 332 – 333 224 , 326 and World War II, 311 – 312 national pride, 268 , 317 , 348 propellers. See i xed-pitch propeller, Navire Aerien, 19 variable- pitch propeller Nelson, Arvid, 186 , 187 , 190 , 198 , 230f18 Canada, 111 – 114 New York Times, 35, 72 , 87 , 225 , 228 , France, 19 , 27 , 229 , 232 , 343 326 , 341 general aviation, 325 Nippon Gakki Ltd., 323 Japan, 110, 207 , 229 , 265 , 322 – 323 Nutt, Arthur, 158 multipiece, 77 Soviet Union, 319 , 339 Ogburn, William Fielding, 8 propfan, 339 – 340 Olive, Gordon, 274, 293 , 300 , 301 , 303 propulsion innovations, 9 emergency power, 286 Pagé, Victor W., 28 – 29, 176 fuel, 264 , 269 , 286 patents, 178 , 184 supercharging, 77 , 87 , 98 , 107 , 109 Patrick, Mason M., 92 , 100 – 102, water injection, 316 159 – 160 , 173 Pulitzer Trophy Race, 132 , 156 , 157 , 158 , Paucton, Alexis-Jean- Pierre, 18 159 , 166 Pénaud, Alphonse, 19 – 20 pursuit of practicality, 12 Pierson, Rex K., 264 Pittsburgh Screw and Bolt Corporation, Ratier propellers, 232 – 233 , 319 , 342 248 – 249 Rawdon, Henry S., 168 Planophore , 19 Reed Propeller Company v. United States, plastic. See Bakelite Micarta 176 – 177 Popular Science, 316 , 340 Reed Propeller Company, Inc., 153, 171 , Post, Wiley, 225 , 225n65 , 238 174 , 187, 201 Poulsen, Carl M., 262 – 263 Reed, S. Albert, 147 – 149 , 151f14 Praeger, Otto, 87 D- type propeller, 150 – 151 , 151f14 , 154 , Pratt & Whitney Aircraft Company, 163 , 171 , 172 – 173 181 – 182 , 199 , 223, 340 patents and litigation, 149 – 150, 174t2 , Hornet engine, 212, 216 , 224 , 226 177 , See Reed Propeller Company v. Wasp engine, 175, 201 , 216 , 218 , 225 , United States 236 , 327 R-type propeller, 158 – 159 , 163 , Progress, 4 , 11 , 146 , 161 , 179 , 233 , 347 168 , 173 propeller community, 10 , 12 , 13 , 44 , 104 , Sylvanus Albert Reed Award, 177 , 240 144 , 234 , 345 , 349 Reichsluftfahrtministerium (RLM), 255, hierarchy, 108, 165 , 206 , 208 , 234 261 , 271 industrial, 180 , 211 , 347 reinvention, 3 , 6 , 15 , 73 , 75, 339 , 345 – 349

367

Index 367

Reissner, Hans, 104 – 105 Saunders, Gerald A. W., 299 Rentschler, Frederick B., 184, 187 , 189 , Schneider Trophy Race, 147f13, 157 , 193 , 198 159 , 209 Republic P-47, 315 – 316 Schory, Carl, 189 , 201 Requa-Gibson Company, 23 Schroeder, Rudolph W. “Rudy”, 87 , 119 , Rhode Island (airship), 28 169 , 244 Richey, Paul, 287 – 288 , 303 Schwarz propeller, 260 , 277, 318 , 321 Rittenhouse, David, 147f13, 157 Sheldon, John, 17 Rolls- Royce Aero Engines, 262 , 267 Sidgreaves, Arthur F., 267 Roma (airship), 98 Simmons, James Lee, 23 Rotol Airscrews Ltd. See Hele- Shaw Skeel, Bert E. “Buck”, 157 Beacham propeller Skinner, C. E., 58 and aerial spectacle, 268 – 269 Smith Engineering Company propeller, formation, 267 – 268 215 – 216 , 224 – 227 postwar, 330 , 332 Smith, John W., 120 – 121 , 122 , 123 – 124 and rearmament, 283 – 285 Smith, Mascom A., Jr., 60, 67 , 72 Rotol Hurricane, 287 Smith, S. Harold, 215 Rotol Spiti re, 285 , 289 , 291 Smiths Aerospace Group, 341 and World War II, 317 , 318 – 319 Sōchirō, Honda, 323 Rowe, Brian, 340 Spanish Civil War, 261 Royal Aeronautical Society (RAeS), Squier, George Owen, 35, 53, 151 207 – 210 Standard Steel Propeller Company Royal Air Force (RAF) ground- adjustable propeller, 137 , 173 , 174 Advanced Air Striking Force, 282, organized as corporation, 140 287 , 288 origins, 94 – 95 Air Component, British Expeditionary steel Force (BEF), 282 , 288 and culture, 94 Bomber Command, 265 , 283 hollow- steel blades, 95 , 122 , 144 , 207, 87 Squadron, 288 249 , 251 54 Squadron, 285 , 289 – 290, 291 , 294 Smith steel propeller, 120 Fighter Command, 274 – 281 , 285 , Stengel, Henry Ivan, 29 , 176 290 – 295, 296 , 302 Stout, William B., 120 , 123 41 Squadron, 285 Sugimoto, Osamu, 323 Hornchurch Fighter Sumitomo Metal Industries Ltd., 322 – 323 Station, 289 – 290 Supermarine Spiti re, 274 , 275 , 280 , 291 , 298 Long- Range Development Unit (LRDU), 268 – 269, 269f20 Taylor, C. Fayette, 64 19 Squadron, 279 , 279f21, 281 , 285 test and evaluation 92 Squadron, 298 l ight, 50 1 Squadron, 287 whirl, 45 , 47 , 74 74 Squadron, 279 , 299 wind tunnel, 21, 50 , 68 , 125 , 159 , 328 65 Squadron, 284 – 285 , 290 , 292 – 294 , The Spirit of St. Louis (book), 139 299 – 301, 301f22 Theorie de la vis d’Archimede, 18 609 Squadron, 298 , 302 – 303 Tibbets, Paul, 313 611 Squadron, 298 tilt rotor aircraft, 343 33 Maintenance Unit, 298 Tupolev Tu- 95 bomber, 339 Royal Aircraft Establishment (RAE), turboprop, 329 – 330 , 337 , 338 – 339 , 341 , 105 – 107, 110 , 208 , 270 344 . See Advanced Turboprop Project Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF), 112 Turnbull, Wallace R., 111 – 113 , 114f9 , 211 , Russell, Frank H., 162 , 170 , 171 242 , 312 Ryan NYP Spirit of St. Louis , 73 , 116 , at Curtiss, 201 – 203 117f10, 140, 346 No. 2 propeller, 113 – 114

368

368 Index

US Air Mail Service Watts, A. G., 298 interest in new propellers, 87, 119 , 132 Watts, Henry C., 110, 208 , 264 , 277, and Reed propeller, 154 , 160 , 168 , 174 278 , 318 Unholtz, Bernard, 253 , 270 , 320 Weick, Fred E., 51, 195 , 196f15 United Aircraft and Transport Corporation Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing (UATC), 181 – 183 , 194 Company Technical Advisory Committee (TAC), Bakelite Micarta, 98 , 118 – 120 , 192 194 – 198 , 196f15 whirl testing, 53 – 58 , 54f4, 81, 94 United Aircraft Corporation (UAC), Williams, Alford J. “Al”, 155 236 – 237 , 244 , 311 , 331 Wilson, Eugene E, United Technologies Corporation (UTC), at BuAer, 134 , 168 331 , 342 at Hamilton Standard, 180 , 189 – 190 , Uppercu, Inglis M., 29 , 31 192 , 193 , 198, 214 user innovation, 13, 275 , 304 at Standard Steel, 188 UTC Aerospace Systems (UTCAS), 343 wood advantages, 26 , 31 , 37 Valk, William E., Jr., 152 , 175 construction, 25 – 26 , 40 – 41 Van Zandt, J. Parker, 156 and culture, 25 variable-pitch propeller, 18 as design choice, 16 , 44 constant- speed, 107, 109 – 110 , 237 – 240 , limitations, 27, 34 – 36 , 37 , 41 – 42 251 , 266 – 267 , 292 – 293 and modernity, 12 controllable-pitch, 76 and Wright brothers, 22 electric, 113 , 114f9 , 201 – 202 , 226, Woodward Governor Company, 237 – 238 227 – 228 Woodward, Elmer E., 237 – 238 feathering, 241 – 247 , 308 , 309f23 , 348 World War I, effect on propeller hydraulic, 107 – 109 , 197 – 200, 207 – 208 , development, 46 , 75 , 115 , 345 – 346 223 , 254 – 255 Germany, 104 – 105 mechanical, 85, 95 – 97 , 115 , 215 , 224 Great Britain, 105 – 108 reversible, 77 , 248, 313 , 330 United States, 36 – 42 , 45 , 72 , 99 , Vaughan, Guy W., 249 123 , 170 Vereinigte Deutsche Metallwerke (VDM), World War II, 306 , 319 , 348 252 – 256 , 261 Axis propeller industry, 323 comparison to American and British British production, 318 designs, 270 United States production, 316 in Great Britain, 270 – 272 Wright Aeronautical Corporation, 181 and public spectacle, 256 – 259 Cyclone engine, 202 , 221 , 223 , 226 , and World War II, 320 – 322 246 , 327 Vickers Wellesley, 269 , 269f20 Whirlwind engine, 135, 137 , 174 , Vincent, Jesse G., 58 , 82 , 122 , 123 186 , 202 von Steiger- Kirchofer, Carl, 20 Wright Field. See Materiel Division, Army Air Corps Waite, William, 149 Wright, Theodore P., 211 Walker, Charles C., 264 Wright, Wilbur and Orville, 4, 16, 22f2 Wall Street Journal, 41, 193 , 307 invention of propeller, 20 – 22 Walsh, Raycroft, 190 – 191, 198 , 216 , 224, 228 , 230f18 Yates, William W., 305 Washington Aeroplane Company, 23 Yount, Barton K., 87