DOCSLIB.ORG

Catalogação Na Fonte

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Catalogação Na Fonte UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DE PERNAMBUCO CENTRO DE ARTES E COMUNICAÇÃO DEPARTAMENTO DE ARQUITETURA E URBANISMO PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO EM DESENVOLVIMENTO URBANO MARTA ROCA MUÑOZ SOCIABILIDAD URBANA: Explorando las relaciones entre perfiles sociales y espaciales de Recife, PE Recife 2018 MARTA ROCA MUÑOZ SOCIABILIDAD URBANA: Explorando las relaciones entre perfiles sociales y espaciales de Recife, PE Disertación presentada al Programa de Pós- Graduação em Desenvolvimento Urbano de la Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, como requisito parcial para la obtención del título de Mestre em Desenvolvimento Urbano. Área de concentración: Arquitetura e Urbanismo. Tutora: Profª D. Phil Circe Maria da Gama Monteiro. Recife 2018 Catalogação na fonte Bibliotecária Jéssica Pereira de Oliveira, CRB-4/2223 R669s Roca Muñoz, Marta Sociabilidad urbana: explorando las relaciones entre perfiles sociales y espaciales de Recife, PE / Marta Roca Muñoz. – Recife, 2018. 222f.: il. Orientadora: Circe Maria da Gama Monteiro. Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal de Pernambuco. Centro de Artes e Comunicação. Programa de Pós-Graduação em Desenvolvimento Urbano, 2018. Inclui referências e apêndices. 1. Sociabilidade urbana. 2. Perfil espacial. 3. Perfil social. 4. Relações sociais em vizinhanças. I. Monteiro, Circe Maria da Gama (Orientadora). II. Título. 711.4 CDD (22. ed.) UFPE (CAC 2019-77) MARTA ROCA MUÑOZ SOCIABILIDAD URBANA: Explorando las relaciones entre perfiles sociales y espaciales de Recife, PE Disertación presentada al Programa de Pós- Graduação em Desenvolvimento Urbano de la Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, como requisito parcial para la obtención del título de Mestre em Desenvolvimento Urbano. Aprobada en: 14/03/2018 BANCA EXAMINADORA ____________________ _____________________________ Profª D. Phil Circe Maria da Gama Monteiro (Tutora) Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Profa. Julieta Maria Vasconcelos Leite (Examinadora Interna) Universidade Federal de Pernambuco Prof. Renato Tibiriçá Saboya (Examinador Externo) Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina AGRADECIMIENTOS Son muchas las personas a las que debo agradecer la elaboración y conclusión de esta disertación. Primeramente, quiero agradecer profundamente a mi orientadora Circe Monteiro, por sus grandes aportaciones durante todo el proceso y, sobretodo, por su paciencia. A Sabrina, a quien estaré eternamente agradecida por la gran ayuda que me dio así que llegué a Recife, por todo el apoyo recibido sobretodo en la preparación para la selección del máster y por presentarme a mis actuales compañeros y amigos del INCITI. Agradezco también todos los consejos y aportaciones de Amanda, Rafa, Luiz C. y Raquel que ayudaron a enriquecer este trabajo y a Rebeca, por su colaboración en la recogida de datos. Quiero dar las grácias en especial a Yves, por su infinita ayuda y paciencia con la estadística y los programas asociados y a Antonio Roazzi por la ayuda con la elaboración de análisis; a Gabriel y Diego, por el ayuda con los programas de geoprocesamiento; y a Tita y Ana por las sugerencias en la revisión gramatical. También quiero agradecer a los profesores y a la administración del MDU, en especial a Renata, y a los profesores de la banca del proyecto de cualificación Luís de la Mora, Cristiano Borba y Andiara Lopes, por sus consejos y constribuciones. Agradezco todo el apoyo económico para el desarrollo de esta investigación a la FACEPE. Al equipo de PorAqui Graças, Setúbal y Boa Viagem, al coletivo Setúbal y a la Asociação por amor as Graças y al equipo de comunicación del INCITI que me ayudaron a divulgar la investigación y a todas aquellas personas que respondieron el cuestionario. Por último, y no por ellos menos importantes, agradezco principalmente a mi madre, por enseñarme a tener insistencia y determinación, a mi marido Elton, por el soporte moral y paciencia durante todo el proceso y a mis suegros Sônia y Preto, que me acogieron como si fuera una hija cuando llegué a Recife. RESUMEN La presente investigación trae un abordaje sobre las cualidades espaciales de la ciudad y su efecto sobre la sociabilidad urbana. Para ello, se realiza un estudio de caso de carácter exploratorio en cuatro localidades de la ciudad de Recife-Pe, Brasil. La capital pernambucana viene experimentando, en los últimos años, los resultados de un proceso de crecimiento acelerado, marcado por la verticalización y adensamiento de ciertas áreas de la ciudad, el aumento de Interfaces público-privadas cerradas a la calle y la privatización de áreas públicas. Los usos del suelo tienden a la segregación; la mayoría de edificios son exclusivamente de uso residencial, comercial o industrial y raramente se encuentran edificios de uso mixto. Por otro lado, existen algunos territorios de la ciudad que mantienen la antigua red urbana en la que se encuentran antiguas mansiones, casas a nivel de calle, edificios sin cercados y una gran diversidad de uso que favorece, según la teoría urbana, a un alto grado de vitalidad y urbanidad. Pero, ¿será que estas relaciones son tan lineares? ¿Cuál es la influencia del ambiente construido en el contacto entre las personas? ¿Qué aspectos relacionados con la cultura y estilo de vida estarían catalizando relaciones sociales entre las personas en el espacio público de la ciudad? A partir de estas cuestiones, el objetivo de esta investigación es identificar qué parámetros morfológicos y sociales tendrían correlación con una mayor sociabilidad urbana. Una vez indentificada esta relación, determinar el alcance y el tipo de interacción entre ellos. Para ello, se estudian varias situaciones urbanas con diferentes patrones urbanísticos, morfológicos y sociales en la ciudad de Recife para poder entender el efecto de diversos factores espaciales en cada caso. Para su desarrollo se siguen dos procedimientos: por un lado, se estudia el surgimiento de un padrón social a través de un cuestionario sobre sociabilidad urbana, elaborado a partir de la teoría de las facetas. Seguidamente, se procede a un análisi minucioso de diferentes cualidades espaciales del segmento de calle donde los entrevistados residen, utilizando la metodología del perfil espacial. Para el análisis de los datos se utiliza un análisis estadístico y de estructura de similitud (Smallest Space Analysis - SSA) que nos permite avaliar el conjunto de variables del perfil social y espacial como un todo. Esta investigación pretende desvendar como estas cualidades ambientales y sociales pueden rebater de una forma positiva o negativa en la sociabilidad urbana y, de esta forma, describir aquellos aspectos urbanísticos necesarios para conseguir una buena calidad urbana en la ciudad de Recife. Palabras-clave: Sociabilidad urbana. Perfil espacial. Perfil social. Relaciones sociales en vecindarios. RESUMO A presente pesquisa traz uma abordagem sobre as qualidades espaciais da cidade e seu efeito sobre a sociabilidade urbana. Para isso, se realiza um estudio de caso de carácter exploratório em quatro localidades da cidade de Recife-PE, Brasil. A capital pernambucana vem experimentando, nos últimos anos, os resultados de um proceso de cresciemento acelerado, marcado pela verticalização e adensamento de certas áreas da cidade, o aumento de interfaces público-privadas fechadas para a rua e a privatização de áreas públicas. Os usos do solo tendem à segregação; a majoria de edifícios é exclusivamente de uso residencial, comercial ou industrial e raramente se encontram edifícios de uso misto. Por outro lado, existem alguns territórios da cidade que mantem a antiga rede urbana na qual se encontram antigos casarões, casas a nível da rua, edifícios sem grades e uma grande diversidade de usos que favorece, segundo a teoria urbana, a um alto grado de vitalidade e urbanidade. Mas, será que estas relações são tão lineares? Qual é a influência do ambiente construído no contato entre as pessoas? Que aspectos relacionados com a cultura e estilo de vida estariam catalizando relações sociais entre as pessoas no espaço público da cidade? A partir destas questões, o objetivo desta pesquisa é identificar que parâmetros morfológicos e sociais tendríam correlação com uma maior sociabilidade urbana. Uma vez identificada esta relação, determinar o alcance e o tipo de interação entre eles. Para isso, se estudam varias situações urbanas com diferentes padrões urbanísticos, morfológicos e sociais na cidade do Recife para poder entender o efeito de diversos fatores espaciais em cada caso. Para o desenvolvimento se seguem dois procedimentos: por um lado, se estuda o surgimento de um padrão social através de um questionário sobre sociabilidade urbana, elaborado a partir da teoria das facetas. Seguidamente, se procede a uma análise minuciosa de diferentes qualidades espaciais do segmento de rua onde os entrevistados residem, utilizando a metodologia do perfil espacial. Para a análise dos dados se utiliza uma análise estadística e de estrutura de similaridade (Smallest Space Analysis – SSA) que nos permite avaliar o conjunto de variáveis do perfil social e espacial como um todo. Esta investigação pretende desvendar como estas qualidades ambientais e sociais podem rebater de uma forma positiva ou negativa na sociabilidade urbana e, desta forma, descrever aqueles aspetos urbanísticos necessários para conseguir uma boa qualidade urbana na cidade do Recife. Palavras-chave: Sociabilidade urbana. Perfil espacial. Perfil social. Relações sociais em vizinhanças. ABSTRACT The present investigation brings an approach about the city spatial qualities and its effect on urban sociability.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • THE NEIGHBORHOOD UNIT CONCEPT by David Devine an Internship Report Submitted to the Faculty of the GRADUATE PROGRAM in URBAN
    NEIGHBORHOOD UNIT CONCEPT Item Type text; Internship Report-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Devine, David Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 06/10/2021 12:20:55 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/555329 THE NEIGHBORHOOD UNIT CONCEPT by David Devine An Internship Report Submitted to the Faculty of the GRADUATE PROGRAM IN URBAN PLANNING . In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 7 5 STATEMENT BY'AUTHOR This report has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this thesis are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: APPROVAL BY PROFESSOR IN CHARGE This report has been approved on the date shown below: Professor of Urban Planning TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Figures and Maps Abstract Introduction 1 Definition of the Neighborhood Unit 2 Social Aspects of the Design 5 Physical Aspects of the Design 7 Use of the Concept at S.E.W.R.P.C.
    [Show full text]
  • Tridib Banerjee on the Writings of Clarence Stein: Architect
    Kermit Carlyle Parsons, ed.. The Writings of Clarence Stein: Architect of the Planned Community. Baltimore, Maryland: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998. xxxiv + 717 pp. $59.95, cloth, ISBN 978-0-8018-5756-0. Reviewed by Tridib Banerjee Published on H-Urban (January, 2000) Appearance matters. The frst thing to note planning has been severely injured by anti-plan‐ about The Writings of Clarence Stein is that it is a ning rhetoric fomented by the ideology of market very handsome book, amply illustrated, and nice‐ liberalism, and stripped of its essential humanity ly designed. But this book is certainly more than and normative content, it is refreshing to read the just a collector's item. Indeed The Writings of Stein papers, and to reflect on how planning be‐ Clarence Stein is a significant contribution to the gan in the early part of the last century. Indeed annals of planning. It should be seen as a valuable this collection could not have come at a better sourcebook of planning history of the frst half of time. As we suffocate today from the banalities of this century. The book should be of interest to zoning administration, Environmental Impact Re‐ planning and urban historians, community and views (EIRs), Geographical Information System housing planners, regional planners, and urban (GIS) mapping, computer models, public hearings, designers. owner participation agreements, and interest Kermit Parsons, the editor of this tome, is a group politics, the Stein papers are like a breath professor of city and regional planning at Cornell of fresh air. University and a well-known planning historian.
    [Show full text]
  • Town Planning & Human Settlements
    AR 0416, Town Planning & Human Settlements, UNIT I INTRODUCTION TO TOWN PLANNING AND PLANNING CONCEPTS CT.Lakshmanan B.Arch., M.C.P. AP(SG)/Architecture PRESENTATION STRUCTURE INTRODUCTION PLANNING CONCEPTS • DEFINITION • GARDEN CITY – Sir Ebenezer • PLANNER’S ROLE Howard • AIMS & OBJECTIVES OF TOWN • GEDDISIAN TRIAD – Patrick Geddes PLANNING • NEIGHBOURHOOD PLANNING – • PLANNING PROCESS C.A.Perry • URBAN & RURAL IN INDIA • RADBURN LAYOUT • TYPES OF SURVEYS • EKISTICS • SURVEYING TECHNIQUES • SATELLITE TOWNS • DIFFERENT TYPE OF PLANS • RIBBON DEVELOPMENT TOWN PLANNING “A city should be built to give its inhbhabitants security and h”happiness” – “A place where men had a Aristotle common life for a noble end” –Plato people have the right to the city Town planning a mediation of space; making of a place WHAT IS TOWN PLANNING ? The art and science of ordering the use of land and siting of buildings and communication routes so as to secure the maximum practicable degree of economy, convenience, and beauty. An attempt to formulate the principles that should guide us in creating a civilized physical background for human life whose main impetus is thus … foreseeing and guiding change. WHAT IS TOWN PLANNING ? An art of shaping and guiding the physical growth of the town creating buildings and environments to meet the various needs such as social, cultural, economic and recreational etc. and to provide healthy conditions for both rich and poor to live, to work, and to play or relax, thus bringing about the social and economic well-being for the majority of mankind. WHAT IS TOWN PLANNING ? • physical, social and economic planning of an urban environment • It encompasses many different disciplines and brings them all under a single umbrella.
    [Show full text]
  • The Work of Clarence S Stein, 1919-1939
    W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1977 The Work of Clarence S Stein, 1919-1939 Prudence Anne Phillimore College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Architecture Commons, History of Art, Architecture, and Archaeology Commons, and the United States History Commons Recommended Citation Phillimore, Prudence Anne, "The Work of Clarence S Stein, 1919-1939" (1977). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539624992. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-thx8-hf93 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE WORK OF CLARENCE S. STEIN 1919 - 1939 A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of the Department of History The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Master of Arts by Prudence Anne Phillimore 1977 APPROVAL, SHEET This thesis is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts f t . P t R u Autho r Approved, May 1977 1 8 Sii 7 8 8 \ TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE ABSTRACT ....................................................................................... iv INTRODUCTION ...................................................................................... 2 CHAPTER I STEIN'S EARLY LIFE AND THE INFLUENCES ON HIS WORK................... 10 CHAPTER II STEIN’S ACHIEVEMENTS IN HOUSING LEGISLATION IN NEW YORK STATE.. 37 CHAPTER III REGIONAL PLANNING: AN ALTERNATIVE SOLUTION TO THE HOUSING PROBLEM...................................
    [Show full text]
  • The Importance of Death and Life of Great American Cities (1961) by Jane Jacobs to the Profession of Urban Planning
    The Importance of Death and Life of Great American Cities (1961) by Jane Jacobs to the Profession of Urban Planning Matthias Wendt New Visions for Public Affairs – Volume 1, Spring 2009 School of Urban Affairs and Public Policy – University of Delaware, Newark, DE www.suapp.udel.edu/nvpa/home Wendt, Matthias Death and Life by Jane Jacobs 1 he Death and Life of Great American Cities, impact of the book on the profession of urban planning. which will be hereafter referred to as Death In addition, Jane Jacobs’ influence on the New T and Life, was the first and most influential Urbanism movement is explored, and her concepts are book by Jane Jacobs, a writer and city activist from finally applied to the Atlantic Yards Project, a large- New York City. The book was first published in 1961 scale urban redevelopment project in Brooklyn, New and it frontally attacked the principles and objectives of York. modernist, orthodox city planning and rebuilding in the post-war U.S. I. Urban Planning and U.S. Cities in the Post-War Death and Life is a reaction to the devastating results of Period post-war American urban renewal. Jacobs’ 1961 landmark critique directly attacks what she calls Jane Jacobs evolved the ideas set forth in Death and “orthodox” city planning and rebuilding. She Life as a young mother living in New York’s documents the failures of modernist planning ideas and Greenwich Village during the postwar period, when the argues that the various foundations of intellectual big American cities were in a state of crisis.
    [Show full text]
  • Jane Jacob's Moral Explorations Sam Bass Warner, Jr
    Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review Volume 28 Issue 4 A Symposium: Jane Jacobs & The New Urban Article 8 Ecology 1-1-2001 Jane Jacob's Moral Explorations Sam Bass Warner, Jr. Follow this and additional works at: http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/ealr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Sam B. Warner, Jr., Jane Jacob's Moral Explorations, 28 B.C. Envtl. Aff. L. Rev. 609 (2001), http://lawdigitalcommons.bc.edu/ealr/vol28/iss4/8 This Essay is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. It has been accepted for inclusion in Boston College Environmental Affairs Law Review by an authorized editor of Digital Commons @ Boston College Law School. For more information, please contact [email protected]. JANE JACOBS'S MORAL EXPLORATIONS SAM BASS WARNER,JR.* Abstract: This essay reviews Jane Jacobs's three major books: The Death and Life of Great American Cities, Cities and the Wealth of Nations, and The Nature of Economies. It traces her development of a hierarchy of places from neighborhoods to city regions to nations and the earth. All her places are defined by their predominant social activities, not by geographical boundaries. The themes of diversity, experimentation, adaptability, and democracy inform all her writings and form the basis of her moral analysis. Jacobs's methods are contrasted to those of Lewis Mumford and the similarities of their moral concerns noted. Her latest book, a review of the basic hypotheses of ecology, successfully presents the idea that through self-correction, differentiation, and diversification, humans and their fellow organisms can best find sustain ability.
    [Show full text]
  • Foundations of Modern American City Planning
    FOUNDATIONS OF MODERN AMERICAN CITY PLANNING Most historians agree that modern American city planning began in the late 1800s. Some affix the date to 1893 and the Columbian Exposition in Chicago, though there is less orthodoxy regarding this moment than 15 years ago. In contrast to the earlier Colonial planning period (Philadelphia, Savannah, Williamsburg, etc.) wherein plans preceded development, planning in the 1800s generally responded to the urbanization stimulated by the industrial revolution in existing and haphazardly developing cities. The American Industrial Revolution occurred in two waves, the first in 1820-1870 and the second in 1870-1920. The U.S. grew from 7% urban in 1820 to 25% urban in 1870 and 50% urban in 1920. Three social movements categorized as precursors to modern American city planning (public health/sanitary reform, settlement house and housing reform, and parks planning) responded to the challenges and consequences of chaotic urbanization prior to modern planning's beginnings. The City Beautiful movement was a fourth response at about the same time that modern planning began. The Garden Cities Movement simultaneously commenced in England and was imported soon after. American planning grew out of and hoped to provide a broader, more comprehensive vision to these movements. Five interrelated and overlapping 1. Sanitary Reform Movement movements of the 19th Century had 2. Parks Planning/Parks Systems Movement significant effects on the first half of 3. Settlement House/Housing Reform Movement the 20th Century and helped initiate 4. Garden City Movement modern American city planning. 5. City Beautiful Movement Movement Attributes Sanitary Reform (extensive overlap An outgrowth and response to the with and sometimes referred to as accelerating urbanization of the U.S.
    [Show full text]
  • The Roots of the New Urbanism: John Nolen's Garden City Ethic
    JOURNAL OF PLANNING HISTORY / May 2002 Stephenson / THE ROOTS OF THE NEW URBANISM The Roots of the New Urbanism: John Nolen’s Garden City Ethic Bruce Stephenson Rollins College The New Urbanism has invigorated city planning history by invoking the tradition of Americancivic designto solve the conundrumof suburbansprawl. Studies have docu - mented the similarities between the works of pioneer planner John Nolen and Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, but the ethic connecting past and present remains vague. This research presents the origins of the garden city ethic John Nolen introduced to the United States and its potential to foster a sustainable planning sys- tem capable of enlivening American civic culture. Keywords: Garden city, Florida city planning, John Nolen, New Urbanism, suburbansprawl. he New Urbanism has invigorated city planning history with rele- vance by invoking the tradition of American civic design to solve the Tconundrum of contemporary suburban sprawl.1 Eventhose most critical of the New Urbanism cannot deny the saliency of their agenda given the problems they seek to address: “disinvestments in central cities, the spread of placeless sprawl, increasing separation by race and income, envi- ronmental deterioration, loss of agricultural lands and wilderness, and the erosion of society’s built heritage as one interrelated community-building challenge.”2 As suburban growth has increasingly “become a pejorative”3 in state and local elections, the New Urbanism has moved from novelty to pol- icy. The challenge city planning historians face is not only to place the New Urbanism in context but, as Lewis Mumford wrote, “to bring to the fore- ground those things that have been left out of the current scheme of life and thought.”4 The plan by architects Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk (DPZ) for Seaside, Florida, revived the art of traditional town planning.
    [Show full text]
  • A Proposal for Planned Expansion of Small Towns As Regional Population Magnets
    YESTERDAY'S SOLUTIONS TO TODAY'S PROBLEMS: A PROPOSAL FOR PLANNED EXPANSION OF SMALL TOWNS AS REGIONAL POPULATION MAGNETS by JULIA HESSEL MADDOX B. A., University of Kentucky, 1966 A MASTER'S THESIS submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree MASTER OF REGIONAL AND COMMUNITY PLANNING Department of Regional and Community Planning KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY Manhattan, Kansas 1978 Approved by: JaL fessor 'Oocumerd .T 4 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page CHRONOLOGICAL INFORMATION iv Chapter I. THE REGIONAL PLANNING ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA 1 Charles Whitaker Edith Elmer Wood Clarence Stein Henry Wright Frederick Ackerman Lewis Mumford Benton MacKaye Stuart Chase Catherine Bauer Wurster John Irwin Bright Alexander Bina Inside the RPAA Sunnyside Gardens and Radburn Elements of the RPAA's Program The RPAA and The New Deal Conclusion II. THE NEW DEAL 43 Rexford Tugwell The Planning Agency as the Fourth Power New Deal Relocation Programs Subsistence Homesteads Program The Subsistence Homesteads Bill The End of the Division of Subsistence Homesteads The Resettlement Administration Suburban Resettlement Division Inside the Resettlement Administration Communities The Greenbelt Towns Greenbelt, Maryland Greenhills, Ohio Greendale, Wisconsin Greenbelt Towns in Operation Chapter Page III. COMMUNITIES IN COOPERATION 97 Democracy and Cooperation RPAA and Cooperative Housing Bryn Gweled— A Thriving Cooperative Community Conclusion IV. EXPANSION AND COOPERATION 127 Planned Expansion of Existing Towns English Experience with Town Expansion Housing Cooperatives Housing by People Conclusion REFERENCES AND BIBLIOGRAPHY 158 CHRONOLOGICAL INFORMATION 1850-1900--Progressive Housing Movement 1899--Ebenezer Howard formed the Garden City Association 1903--First garden city, Letchworth, was begun. 1920--Raloh Borsodi homesteaded in Suffern, New York.
    [Show full text]
  • Radburn, New Jersey: Planning Precedent
    RADBURN, NEW JERSEY PLANNING PRECEDENT Established 1929 Planned by Clarence Stein and Henry Wright Established in 1929, Radburn was marketed as a “Town for the Motor Age.” However, its roots were in the English garden city movement,and it brought together many important and innovative planning concepts: the superblock, the clustering of individual houses around cul-de-sacs, the separation of vehicular and pedestrian traffic (system of pedestrian pathways behind homes making it possible to walk without crossing a vehicular street), and the abundance of common outdoor spaces within walking distance of every unit. Only partially finished because of the Stock Market Crash, the town was declared a National Historic Landmark in 2005. Park Space Pedestrian Walkway Photo: @Dmadeo, Wikimedia Commons Diagram: Elisabeth Frizzell and Victor Hoyos The cul-de-sacs at Radburn provide automobile access to the units The diagram above shows the cul-de-sac module at Radburn. Really just a long driveway, the cul-de- sac was meant to be a back door entry, providing vehicular access to the garages and service access to/ from the kitchens. The public face of the house – with the front door and living room – was on the opposite side, adjoining either a pedestrian mews or the larger common outdoor spaces. Repeating the module, as shown in the large-scale plan on the right, created the superblock: vehicular traffic was kept to the perimeter and common outdoor spaces connected all of the houses. Photo: WTTW Plan: Clarence Stein and Henry Wright Paths at the backs of the houses lead to the larger common space.
    [Show full text]
  • Abstracts IPHS 2014*
    Abstracts IPHS 2014* Shaping Twentieth Century Healthier Cities. The Role Of Institutions And Professionals In Chilean Urban Planning (1950-1970) .................................................................................................................................. 14 Author: Macarena Ibarra ([email protected]) .......................................................................................... 14 Tensions And Reasons For Urban Planning: A Reflection Based On The State Of Guanabara, Brazil, In The 1960s ........................................................................................................................................................... 15 Author: Vera F. Rezende ([email protected]) ......................................................................... 15 Liberal Educational And Planning Methods In The Military Regime In Brazil ............................................. 16 Authors: José Francisco Bernardino Freitas ([email protected]) & Marlice Nazareth Soares De Azevedo ([email protected]) ................................................................................................ 16 Communitarian Utopia And Development: The Intellectual And Political Trajectory Of Louis Joseph Lebret In Latin America ............................................................................................................................... 17 Author: Maria Cristina Da Silva Leme ([email protected]) ..................................................................... 17 The Emergence Of The
    [Show full text]
  • By Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk Until Very Recently, There
    by Andres Duany and Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk Until very recently, there were fie engineers. These experts only two views of the American molded suburbs for cars, not suburb: You either loved it or people, a catastrophic mistake hated it. In the first camp were whose costs we can measure to- most suburbanites; in the second day in traffic congestion, in air were most writers, planners, and pollution, and in the vast sums of architects. Now a public money lav- new group of crit- ished on roads ics has launched and infrastruc- a searching yet ture. But nothing sympathetic reap- compares to the praisal of the sub- damage done by urb, and the hus- the fragmentation band-wife arch- of civic life and itectural team of the radical eco- Andres Duany nomic segrega- and Elizabeth tion that have ac- Plater-Zyberk are companied sub- at the forefront. They see the urban sprawl. ~mericanslong postwar suburbs as a grand ex- for community, the authors say, periment gone awry, ruined less and they could have it. The fu- by consumers and developers ture, they suggest, does not have than by the ignorance of local to be imagined so much as re- planners, zoning boards, and traf- membered. hree years ago, Dade County, Florida, sen- tenced itself to the absurd fate of perpetual ur- ban adolescence. Responding to a state man- date, the county government adopted a package of "balanced growth" measures, con- ceding that traffic congestion and growing de- mands on the public purse for roads and other infrastructure had made it impossible for the city of Miami to grow any fur- ther in the old way.
    [Show full text]