No. 39 March 2004 Newsletter of the Indian Academy of Sciences Guwahati Annual Meeting The Academy held its 2003 annual meeting in Guwahati from 21 to 23 November at the invitation of the Indian Institute of Technology, Guwahati. This was the first time in sixty-nine years that the annual meeting was held in the north-east of the country. All the scientific sessions except a public lecture were held at Inside... the just-completed Senate Hall of IIT. Gautam Barua’s brief welcome address was followed by the traditional introduction of Fellows and Associates, a hundred of whom were present at Guwahati. K Kasturirangan, in his presidential address 2004 Elections on “Precision positioning: science and applications” talked about technologies New Fellows ............................... 4 Honorary Fellows ....................... 6 Council for the triennium 2004–06 ..................................... 6 Associates – 2003 ........................ 6 Raman Professor .......................... 7 Special issues of Journals ............ 7 behind satellite-based navigation systems and about their use in scientific studies, military and civilian applications such as for land, remote sensing, geo- Public Lectures ............................. 8 mapping, and in any application where the precise position in real time is to be determined. Discussion Meeting ...................... 10 The remaining programme of the three days was taken up by two symposia, two public lectures, two special lectures and 30-min presentations by eight new Refresher Courses........................ 10 Fellows and Associates. The first symposium was on nanomaterials and nanoscience, a truly interdisciplinary area encompassing physics, chemistry, biology, materials science and engineering. There has been tremendous interest Lecture Series ............................... 14 in this field in the last decade not only from the fundamental scientific point of view but also from possible technological applications in many areas. Significant progress has been made in recent years in developing new methods of synthesis Obituaries ...................................... 16 of nanomaterials as well as new tools for characterization and manipulation. New understanding of size-dependent electrical, optical and magnetic properties of individual nanostructures and their assemblies is now emerging. There were five talks at the symposium. AK Sood (IISc, Bangalore) talked about carbon nanotubes which have potential applications such as nano-scale electronics, sensors, actuators, hydrogen storage, field-induced emission and superstring polymer composites. Synthesis of nanomaterials, EDITOR particularly using biological systems such as fungi, N. Mukunda actinomycetes, and extracts from plant parts was discussed by Murali Sastry (NCL Pune). Tailoring properties of nanoparticles by Published by tuning sizes due to quantum confinement effects were discussed by DD Sarma (IISc, Bangalore). Nanolithography was discussed Indian Academy of Sciences by AK Raychaudhuri (IISc, Bangalore) in which he summarized Bangalore 560 080, India the methods to make materials of sub-micron dimensions and Phone: (080) 2361 2546, 2361 4592 the problems involved in making measurements on these objects. email: [email protected] The last talk was by GU Kulkarni (JNCASR, Bangalore) who described studies to determine size-dependent electronic This newsletter is available on the properties of metal nanocrystal and the synthesis and properties Academy website at : www.ias.ac.in/patrika/ of free-standing nanocrystal films of gold, silver and copper, where the electrical behaviour of these films could be fine-tuned To receive a regular copy of the from metallic to insulating by varying the temperature during Newsletter, please write to the synthesis. Executive Secretary of the Academy The second symposium on “Emerging trends in communication technologies” was jointly organized by Gautam Barua (IIT, Guwahati) and N Balakrishnan (IISc, Bangalore) and contained Forthcoming Events five talks: optical networks (KN Sivarajan, Tejas Networks, Bangalore), satellite and wireless communication (KS Das Gupta, Annual Meetings SAC, Ahmedabad), connecting rural India with special emphasis on North-East (Ashok Jhunjhunwala, IIT, Chennai), the need for 15th Mid-Year Meeting, Bangalore a change from voice telephony to broadband internet in rural or 2–3 July 2004 remote environments that needed community approach to defray costs (Bishnu Pradhan, IIT, Mumbai) and the challenges facing 70th Annual Meeting, Banaras Hindu the North-East region, such as under-development and the tyranny University, Varanasi of geography (Gautam Barua, IIT, Guwahati). At the end of the 19–21 November 2004 symposium, the message that came out was that those parts of the country that are not properly connected electronically will tend to stay away from the mainstream of growth, both Refresher Courses ideologically and otherwise, causing a digital divide. States like Experimental Physics Assam also pose a challenge to network designers and policy- makers, in view of the mountainous terrain. The focus of the Bhavnagar University symposium was to take a hard and close look at possible 25 October – 7 November 2004 technology options that will make bandwidth available in abundance all over the country in general and for states like Assam in Experimental Physics particular so that the nation can enjoy a uniform and sustained University of Mysore, economic growth. 1–15 November 2004 The first public lecture by Rakesh Sharma, the first Indian to Plant Genetic Engineering journey into space, was entitled “Manned space flight and earth’s Madurai Kamaraj University, environment”. In view of the popular nature of this topic, the 7–21 December 2004 lecture was arranged at the large Rabindra Bhavan in the centre of Animal Behaviour the city and there were over 1500 Madurai Kamaraj University in the audience, many of them young school children. In his Theoretical Physics lecture, Sharma spoke of the Changanassery technicalities and rigours of space- flight training, the wonders of space Physiology and Biochemistry travel and looking at the earth Goa University through the windows of spacecraft. At the same time, he sounded a Rakesh Sharma warning that mankind should 2 conserve non-renewable natural resources to prevent an Hyderabad) on fluorescence signalling of molecular ecological imbalance on earth. Pollution caused by environment, Shalivahan (ISM, Dhanbad) on electrical affluent lifestyles of people was responsible for the ever- anisotropy of asthenosphere, RM Pitchappan (MKU, increasing degradation of the nature. The western Madurai) on genomic diversity and disease countries have already adopted measures to protect the susceptibility and finally V Purnachandra Rao (NIO, environment. This has resulted in the relocation of Goa) on the genesis of phosphorite deposits. industries to the east because there are no environmental As part of the work of the Academy Panel on Women regulations in this part of the world. in Science constituted recently to look into the issues HY Mohan Ram’s of women scientists, Indira Nath and Rohini Godbole (University of Delhi) public convened a panel discussion at Guwahati in which lecture on “Seeds and members of the panel, Fellows of the Academy and Civilization” highlighted the others interested in this subject participated. value and role of seeds Suggestions made and issues raised at this meeting in the origin of agriculture, will be considered by the panel. the significance of A large number of teachers from the North-East region determining the centres of of the country attended the meeting as guest primary diversity of participants. An interactive session was held with these economically important teachers to brief them about the activities of the plants, and the romantic science education panel. HY Mohan Ram stories of plant introduction and their Finally, a word about the excellent arrangements made impact on civilization. An extended abstract of this at IIT, Guwahati for holding the annual meeting. interesting talk appears elsewhere in this issue. Gautam Barua, Mihir K Chaudhuri and their colleagues did a wonderful job to make the stay of the participants The two special lectures most enjoyable. were by J Gowrishankar (CDFD, Hyderabad) on “The love triangle between Summary of Public Lecture single-stranded RNA and double-stranded DNA: R by HY Mohan Ram loops and their on “Seeds and Civilization” consequences in bacteria” and by Ashoke Sen (HRI, Flowering plants (angiosperms) have been the most successful plants on land since the Cretaceous period. Allahabad) on “The A seed is a morphogenetic enigma, an ecological and search for a unified physiological curiosity and a source of economic theory”. According to J Gowrishankar power. Activities stimulated by fertilization such as rapid Gowrishankar, the R-loop growth of the embryo and endosperm come to an has a three-stranded abrupt stop. This is in utter contrast to the condition in structure and is the mammals where the young is born after attaining physiological intermediate development. During maturation, the seed becomes in plasmid replication and dehydrated and all enzymatic activities are brought to could occur during mRNA a tentative halt. A seed is neither the beginning nor the transcription, proving to be end of a plant’s life. It represents a state of suspended toxic if not dissipated. animation. Ashoke Sen reviewed There is nothing equivalent to a seed in the entire string