Mating Strategies and Resulting Patterns in Mate Guarding Crustaceans : an Empirical and Theoretical Approach Matthias Galipaud
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Evolutionary Theory Throughout the Text)
Author Bios: Jon A. Sefcek, MA, Barbara H. Brumbach, MA, Geneva Vasquez, MA, are PhD students in the Department of Psychology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ; and Geoffrey F. Miller, PhD, is Assistant Professor of Psychology at the University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM. Address correspondence to Jon A. Sefcek at [email protected] The Evolutionary Psychology of Human Mate Choice: How Ecology, Genes, Fertility, and Fashion Influence Mating Behavior Jon A. Sefcek, MA, Barbara H. Brumbach, MA, Geneva Vasquez, MA, and Geoffrey F. Miller, PhD The recent incorporation of sexual selection theories into the rubric of Evolutionary Psychology has produced an important framework from which to examine human mating behavior. Here we review the extant empirical and theoretical work regarding heterosexual human mating preferences and reproductive strategies. Initially, we review contemporary Evolutionary Psychology’s adaptationism, including the incorporation of modern theories of sexual selection, adaptive genetic variation, and mate choice. Next, we examine women’s and men’s mating preferences focusing on the adaptive significance of material, genetic and fertility benefits, and their relationship to environmental characteristics. Following this, we consider human mate choice in relation to non-adaptive preferences. This discussion ends with a look at context effects for individual differences in mate-preferences and reproductive strategies. KEY WORDS: Sexual selection, fitness indicators, mate choice, mating preferences, mating strategies, parental investment From colorful birds and dancing bees to Sinatra’s crooning, Betty Davis’s eyes, and Monty Python’s satires, various phenotypic traits serve as signals to others. Aposematism (warning coloration) in butterflies, for example, cautions predators that the butterfly is poisonous (Joron, 2002). -
Function of Copulatory Plugs in House Mice: Mating Behaviour and Paternity
1 Function of copulatory plugs in house mice: mating behaviour and paternity 2 outcomes of rival males 3 4 Andreas Sutter1,3, Leigh W. Simmons2, Anna K. Lindholm1 and Renée C. Firman2 5 6 1Institute of Evolutionary Biology and Environmental Studies, University of Zurich, 7 Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland. 8 2Centre for Evolutionary Biology, School of Animal Biology (M092), The University of Western 9 Australia, Crawley, 6009, Australia. 10 3 E-mail:[email protected] 11 12 Corresponding author: Andreas Sutter, IEU – Animal Behavior, Winterthurerstrasse 190, 8057 13 Zürich, Switzerland; Tel: +41 79 545 9015; email: [email protected]; 14 15 Abbreviated title: Function of copulatory plugs 16 1 17 Abstract 18 Polyandry is widespread across animal taxa, and subjects males to intense post-copulatory sexual 19 selection which favors adaptations that enhance a male’s paternity success, either by decreasing the 20 risk of sperm competition and/or by increasing the competitiveness of the ejaculate. Copulatory 21 plugs deposited by males are thought to have evolved in the context of sperm competition. 22 However, experimental studies that assess the function of copulatory plugs remain scarce. 23 Moreover, most studies have used unnatural manipulations, such as ablating plug-producing male 24 glands or interrupting copulations. Here, we investigated whether repeated ejaculation affects plug 25 size in a mammalian model species, the house mouse. When males experience short periods of 26 sexual rest we found that plug size decreased over repeated ejaculations so that time since last 27 ejaculation can be applied as an approximation for plug size. -
Fitness-Based Mating: a Systematic Analysis of a New Preference Model
Fitness-based mating: A systematic analysis of a new preference model Von der Fakult¨at fur¨ Mathematik und Informatik der Universit¨at Leipzig angenommene DISSERTATION zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades DOCTOR RERUM NATURALIUM (Dr.rer.nat.) im Fachgebiet Informatik vorgelegt von Diplom-Mathematikerin Susanne Schindler geboren am 22.02.1979 in Halle a. d. Saale. Die Annahme der Dissertation haben empfohlen: 1. Prof. Dr. Wolfgang Banzhaf (Memorial University of Newfoundland) 2. Prof. Dr. Joachim Hermisson (Universit¨at Wien) 3. Prof. Dr. Jurgen¨ Jost (Max Planck Institut fur¨ Mathematik in den Natur- wissenschaften) Die Verleihung des akademischen Grades erfolgt auf Beschluss des Rates der Fakult¨at fur¨ Mathematik und Informatik vom 24.01.2011 mit dem Gesamtpr¨adikat CUM LAUDE. Wissenschaftlicher Werdegang 1997–2002 Studium der Wirtschaftsmathematik an der Hochschule fur¨ Technik, Wirtschaft und Kultur (HTWK) in Leipzig und der Oxford Brookes University in Oxford, Großbritannien Abschluss: Diplom der Mathematik (FH) 2002–2004 Studium der Mathematik an der Universit¨at in Leipzig Abschluss: Diplom der Mathematik 2005–2010 Promotionsstudium an der Universit¨at in Leipzig unter der Betreuung von Prof. Dr. Jost am Max-Planck-Institut fur¨ Mathematik in den Naturwissenschaften Bibliographische Daten Fitness-based mating: A systematic analysis of a new preference model / Susanne Schindler. - 2010. - 135 S. : Ill., graph. Darst. Leipzig, Univ., Diss., 2010 Acknowledgements I wish to thank Prof. Dr. Jurgen¨ Jost for the enriching collaboration and his support. Furthermore, I would like to thank Prof. R. Burger¨ for valuable comments on an earlier version and Dr. A. Gruning,¨ Dr. N. Bertschinger, Dr. K. Ghazi-Zahedi, P.-Y. -
Human Mating Strategies Human Mating Strategies
Human Mating Strategies Human Mating Strategies As descendants of a long line of successful maters, modern humans have inherited the mating strategies that led to their forebear’s success. These include long-term mating, short-term mating, and mixed mating strategies. This article presents empirical evi- dence supporting evolution-based hypotheses about the complexities of these mating strategies, which differ substantially for men and women. array of adaptations specifically dedicated to the David M. Buss, Professor, task of mating. Department of Psychology, Nowhere do people have an equal desire to mate University of Texas, Austin with all people. Everywhere, some people are pre- ferred as mates, others shunned. Desires are central to all facets of mating. They determine who we are attracted to, and who is attracted to us. They influ- ence which attraction tactics will be successful (those that fulfill desires) and which attraction tac- tics will fail (those that violate desires). Successful mate retention tactics involve continuing to provide resources that fulfill the desires of a mate. Failure to Perhaps no adaptive domain is more central to re- fulfill these desires causes breakup and divorce. At production than mating. Those in our evolutionary every step of the mating process, from mate selec- past who failed to mate failed to become ancestors. tion to mate expulsion, desires determine the Modern humans are all descendants of a long and ground rules. unbroken line of ancestors who succeeded in the complex and sometimes circuitous tasks involved in Sexual Selection and Parental Investment mating. As their descendants, modern humans have Although Charles Darwin (1859) recognized that inherited the adaptations that led to the success of survival was central to the evolutionary process, their ancestors. -
The Late Ross H. Arnett, Jr., Ph.D. Michael C. Thomas, Ph.D. Paul E
VOLUME 2 AMERICAN BEETLES Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea VOLUME 2 AMERICAN BEETLES Polyphaga: Scarabaeoidea through Curculionoidea Edited by the late Ross H. Arnett, Jr., Ph.D. Michael C. Thomas, Ph.D. Paul E. Skelley, Ph.D. and J. Howard Frank, D. Phil. CRC Press Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C. COVER FIGURES: Center - Coccinellidae, Harmonia axyridus (Palles) [Photo by Fred J. Santana]. Outer rim, clockwise from top: Ripiphoridae, Macrosiagon cruentum (Germar) [by Fred J. Santana]; Meloidae, Lytta magister Horn [by Charles L. Bellamy]; Carabidae, Rhadine exilis (Barr and Lawrence) [by James C. Cokendolpher]; Melyridae, Malachius mirandus (LeConte) [by Max E. Badgley]; Lampyridae, Microphotus angustus LeConte [by Arthur V. Evans]. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data American beetles / edited by Ross H. Arnett and Michael C. Thomas. p. cm. Contents: v. 1. Archostemata, Myxophaga, Adephaga, Polyphaga: Staphyliniformia. Includes bibliographical references (p.). ISBN 0-8493-0954-9 (alk. paper : v. 2)) 1. Beetles—North America. I. Arnett, Ross H. II. Thomas, M. C. (Michael Charles). 1948– QL581 .A43 2002 595.76¢097—dc21 00-050809 CIP This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the authors and the publisher cannot assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use. Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, microfilming, and recording, or by any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publisher. -
Sperm Competition and Male Social Dominance in the Bank Vole (Myodes Glareolus)
SPERM COMPETITION AND MALE SOCIAL DOMINANCE IN THE BANK VOLE (MYODES GLAREOLUS) Thesis submitted in accordance with the requirements of the University of Liverpool for the degree of Doctor in Philosophy by Jean-Fran^ois Lemaitre 1 Table of contents List of Tables.......................................................................................................................................6 List of Figures.....................................................................................................................................8 Declaration of work conducted.................................................................................................... 10 Abstract ......................................................................................................................................13 Chapter 1: General introduction............................................................................................... 15 1.1 Chapter overview........................................................................................................... 15 1.2 Sexual selection..... .......................................................................................................... 15 (a) Sexual selection............................................................................................................... 15 (b) Sexual selection and sex-roles........................................................................................16 (c) Pre-copulatory sexual selection......................................................................................18 -
The Evolution of Human Mating: Trade-Offs and Strategic Pluralism
BEHAVIORAL AND BRAIN SCIENCES (2000) 23, 573–644 Printed in the United States of America The evolution of human mating: Trade-offs and strategic pluralism Steven W. Gangestad Department of Psychology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 [email protected] Jeffry A. Simpson Department of Psychology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843 [email protected]. Abstract: During human evolutionary history, there were “trade-offs” between expending time and energy on child-rearing and mating, so both men and women evolved conditional mating strategies guided by cues signaling the circumstances. Many short-term matings might be successful for some men; others might try to find and keep a single mate, investing their effort in rearing her offspring. Recent evidence suggests that men with features signaling genetic benefits to offspring should be preferred by women as short-term mates, but there are trade-offs between a mate’s genetic fitness and his willingness to help in child-rearing. It is these circumstances and the cues that signal them that underlie the variation in short- and long-term mating strategies between and within the sexes. Keywords: conditional strategies; evolutionary psychology; fluctuating asymmetry; mating; reproductive strategies; sexual selection Research on interpersonal relationships, especially roman- attributes (e.g., physical attractiveness) tend to assume tic ones, has increased markedly in the last three decades greater importance in mating relationships than in other (see Berscheid & Reis 1998) across a variety of fields, in- types of relationships (Buss 1989; Gangestad & Buss 1993 cluding social psychology, anthropology, ethology, sociol- [see also Kenrick & Keefe: “Age Preferences in Mates Re- ogy, developmental psychology, and personology (Ber- flect Sex Differences in Human Reproductive Strategies” scheid 1994). -
Clearing the Highest Hurdle: Human-Based Case Studies Broaden Students’ Knowledge of Core Evolutionary Concepts
The Journal of Effective Teaching an online journal devoted to teaching excellence Clearing the highest hurdle: Human-based case studies broaden students’ knowledge of core evolutionary concepts Alexander J. Werth1 Hampden-Sydney College, Hampden-Sydney, VA 23943 Abstract An anonymous survey instrument was used for a ten year study to gauge college student attitudes toward evolution. Results indicate that students are most likely to accept evolu- tion as a historical process for change in physical features of non-human organisms. They are less likely to accept evolution as an ongoing process that shapes all traits (including biochemical, physiological, and behavioral) in humans. Students who fail to accept the factual nature of human evolution do not gain an accurate view of evolution, let alone modern biology. Fortunately, because of students’ natural curiosity about their bodies and related topics (e.g., medicine, vestigial features, human prehistory), a pedagogical focus on human evolution provides a fun and effective way to teach core evolutionary concepts, as quantified by the survey. Results of the study are presented along with useful case studies involving human evolution. Keywords: Survey, pedagogy, biology, evolution, Darwin. All science educators face pedagogical difficulties, but when considering the social rami- fications of scientific ideas, few face as great a challenge as biology teachers. Studies consistently show more than half of Americans reject any concept of biological evolution (Harris Poll, 2005, Miller et al., 2006). Students embody just such a cross-section of soci- ety. Much ink has been spilled explaining how best to teach evolution, particularly to unwilling students (Cavallo and McCall, 2008, Nelson, 2008). -
Social Relationships in a Small Habitat-Dependent Coral Reef Fish: an Ecological, Behavioural and Genetic Analysis
ResearchOnline@JCU This file is part of the following reference: Rueger, Theresa (2016) Social relationships in a small habitat-dependent coral reef fish: an ecological, behavioural and genetic analysis. PhD thesis, James Cook University. Access to this file is available from: http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/46690/ The author has certified to JCU that they have made a reasonable effort to gain permission and acknowledge the owner of any third party copyright material included in this document. If you believe that this is not the case, please contact [email protected] and quote http://researchonline.jcu.edu.au/46690/ Social relationships in a small habitat- dependent coral reef fish: an ecological, behavioural and genetic analysis Thesis submitted by Theresa Rueger, March 2016 for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy College of Marine and Environmental Science & ARC Centre of Excellence for Coral Reef Studies James Cook University Declaration of Ethics This research presented and reported in this thesis was conducted in compliance with the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Australian Code of Practice for the Care and Use of Animals for Scientific Purposes, 7th Edition, 2004 and the Qld Animal Care and Protection Act, 2001. The proposed research study received animal ethics approval from the JCU Animal Ethics Committee Approval Number #A1847. Signature ___31/3/2016___ Date i Acknowledgement This thesis was no one-woman show. There is a huge number of people who contributed, directly or indirectly, to its existence. I had amazing support during my field work, by fellow students and good friends Tiffany Sih, James White, Patrick Smallhorn-West, and Mariana Alvarez-Noriega. -
Report of the State Entomologist on Injurious and Other Insects of The
</ /;, ?o*jJuM* ?<*'?• Published suonthlv by the f University of the State of New York L xr^w York State Museum Ephraim Porter Fei.t State Entomologist Bulletin 76 ENTOMOLOGY 21 / 19th Report of the State Entomologist INJURIOUS AND OTHER INSECTS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 1903 PAGE PAGE Introduction 91 Notes for the year {continued) General entomologic features . 91 Shade trees and forest insects . 147 Office work 92 Beneficial insects 150 Special investigations .... 92 Experimental work against San Publications 93 Jose scale insect 151 Early spring winter appli- Collections of insects , 9-1 or Nursery inspection work 95 cations 151 Voluntary observers 96 Summer washes 159 Acknowledgments 96 Diseased and dying trees and in- Beneficial insects 97 sect attack 167 Synopsis of certain genera of Voluntary entomologic service . 173 the Ophionini 97 List of publications of the ento- 192 Injurious insects 125 mologist Notes for the year 130 Insect exchange 200 Plant lice 130 Species received in exchange . 201 Exchange list 207 Fruit tree insects 137 Contributions to collection 213 Grapevine pests 142 Explanation of plates 221 Garden insects. 143 Plates 1-4 face 222 Grain and house pests 145 Index 223 ALBANY UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 1904 Meio6m-F4-i8oo Price 15 cents 1 University of the State of New York REGENTS 1903 With years of election 1892 William Croswell Doane D.D. LL.D. Chancellor•, Albany 1878 Whitelaw Reid M.A. LL.D. Vice Chancellor - New York 1877 Chauncey M. Depew LL.D. - - - New York 1877 Charles E. Fitch LL.B. M.A. L.H.D. -
Djvu Document
Vol. 5, No. 2, June 1991 65 On the Nomenclature and ClasSification of the Meloic;1ae (Coleoptera) Richard B. Selander Florida State Collection of Arthropods P. O. Box 147100 Gainesville, Florida 32614-7100 Abstract menelature (International Commission on Zoologi Forty-three availablefamily-group names (and three cal Nomenclature 1985). unavaillihle names) in Meloidae are listed as a basis fOr establishing nomenclatural priority. Available genus- , with indication of the type species of each; this is fol- Borcbmann (1917), and Kaszab (1969) have pub- lished classifications ofthe Meloidae to the generic or subgeneric level on a worldwide basis. None Of nomenc a ure. na y, a Classl Ica on 0 te amI y Meloidae to the subgeneric level is presented in which the three paid much attention to the priority of names at the famIly-group and genus-group levels are family-group names, nor in general ha"e the many treated in a manner consistent with the provisions ofthe authors who have dealt with restricted segments of InternatIOnal Code of ZoolOgIcal Nomenclature. TIils the meloid fauna. Kaszab's (1969) method of classification recognizes three subfamilies (Eleticinae, assigning authorship was particularly confusing In Meloinae, and Horiinae), 10 tribes, 15 subtribes, 116 violation of the ICZN and general practice in genera, and 66 subgenera. The subtribes Pyrotina and zoology, he gave authorship to the first author to Lydina (properly Alosimina), ofthe tribe Cerocomini, are use a name at a particular taxonomic level. For combined with the subtribe Lyttina. The tribe Steno- example, Eupomphini was CI edited to Selandel derini, of the subfamily Horiinae, is defined to include (l955b) but Eupomphina to Kaszab (1959) (actually Stenodera Eschscholtz.Epispasta Selanderistransferred from Cerocomini to Meloini. -
Biological Resources and Management
Vermilion flycatcher The upper Muddy River is considered one of the Mojave’s most important Common buckeye on sunflower areas of biodiversity and regionally Coyote (Canis latrans) Damselfly (Enallagma sp.) (Junonia coenia on Helianthus annuus) important ecological but threatened riparian landscapes (Provencher et al. 2005). Not only does the Warm Springs Natural Area encompass the majority of Muddy River tributaries it is also the largest single tract of land in the upper Muddy River set aside for the benefit of native species in perpetuity. The prominence of water in an otherwise barren Mojave landscape provides an oasis for regional wildlife. A high bird diversity is attributed to an abundance of riparian and floodplain trees and shrubs. Contributions to plant diversity come from the Mojave Old World swallowtail (Papilio machaon) Desertsnow (Linanthus demissus) Lobe-leaved Phacelia (Phacelia crenulata) Cryptantha (Cryptantha sp.) vegetation that occur on the toe slopes of the Arrow Canyon Range from the west and the plant species occupying the floodplain where they are supported by a high water table. Several marshes and wet meadows add to the diversity of plants and animals. The thermal springs and tributaries host an abundance of aquatic species, many of which are endemic. The WSNA provides a haven for the abundant wildlife that resides permanently or seasonally and provides a significant level of protection for imperiled species. Tarantula (Aphonopelma spp.) Beavertail cactus (Opuntia basilaris) Pacific tree frog (Pseudacris regilla)