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Catálogo Taxonómico-Geográfico De Los Coleópteros De La Familia Meloidae De México

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Catálogo Taxonómico-Geográfico De Los Coleópteros De La Familia Meloidae De México Graellsia, 63(2): 165-258 (2007) CATÁLOGO TAXONÓMICO-GEOGRÁFICO DE LOS COLEÓPTEROS DE LA FAMILIA MELOIDAE DE MÉXICO M. García-París1, D. Buckley1,3 y G. Parra-Olea2 RESUMEN Se presenta un catálogo taxonómico de los representantes mexicanos de la familia Meloidae que incluye un listado revisado de sinonimias, localidades típicas y registros geográficos publicados de cada una de las especies. La fauna mexicana incluye en la actualidad 255 especies vivientes y una fósil, distribuidas en 21 géneros de las subfami- lias Meloinae, Nemognathinae y Tetraonycinae. En el último catálogo general, Black- welder (1945) recogió la presencia en México de 160 especies de esta familia, casi 100 especies menos de las que se conocen en la actualidad y sin embargo, la cifra actual pare- ce encontrarse aún lejos de la real, ya que existen muchas especies ampliamente distri- buidas al norte de la frontera con los Estados Unidos cuya presencia es muy probable en territorio mexicano. En cuanto a la taxonomía y nomenclatura de las especies, en este catálogo se propo- ne el uso de los nombres Epicauta dugesi Werner, 1957 y Tegrodera erosa extincta Beauregard, 1890; se incluyen tres sinonimias nuevas de Nemognatha chrysomeloides (Linnaeus, 1763) (N. atra Beauregard, 1890; N. pallidicollis Beauregard, 1890 y N. vio- lacea Beauregard, 1890) y otra de E. dugesi (Epicauta tamara Adams & Selander, 1979); se designa lectotipo para Lytta koltzei var. minor Haag-Rutenberg, 1880 con el propósito de solucionar el problema taxonómico generado tras la designación inválida de lectotipo de L. k. var. cyanescens; y finalmente se consideran como especies posible- mente a excluir del listado de Meloidae de México a Cissites maculata (Swederus, 1787) y Tetraonyx (Tetraonyx) bimaculatus (Klug, 1825). Palabras clave: Coleoptera, Meloidae, México, Taxonomía, Nomenclatura, Sinonimias, Faunística, América del Norte. ABSTRACT Taxonomic and geographic catalogue of the Coleoptera belonging to the family Meloidae of Mexico A comprehensive taxonomic catalogue of the Mexican representatives of the family Meloidae is presented. The catalogue includes a revised synonymical list including type localities and published geographical records for all known species. The Mexican Fauna of Meloidae currently includes 255 extant species, plus one only known from the fossil 1 Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales. Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC). c/ José Gutiérrez Abascal, 2. 28006 Madrid. España. 2 Instituto de Biología. Universidad Autónoma de México (UNAM). AP 70-153, CP 04510. Ciudad Universitaria. México D.F. México. 3 Dpt. Integrative Biology & Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, 3060 VLSB, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3140. 166 GARCÍA-PARÍS, BUCKLEY & PARRA-OLEA record, arranged in 21 genera within the subfamilies Meloinae, Nemognathinae and Tetraonycinae. The last comprehensive catalogue published (Blackwelder, 1945) recor- ded the presence of 160 species of Meloidae in México, almost 100 species less than the current known number. However the current number of species seems to be far below the actual number, since many species widely distributed along the northern border, wit- hin the United States, are likely to be found also in Mexico. Regarding taxonomic and nomenclatural changes, in this catalogue we propose the use of the names Epicauta dugesi Werner, 1957 and Tegrodera erosa extincta Beauregard, 1890; we propose three new synonymies for Nemognatha chrysomeloides (Linnaeus, 1763) (N. atra Beauregard, 1890; N. pallidicollis Beauregard, 1890 and N. violacea Beauregard, 1890) and one for E. dugesi (Epicauta tamara Adams & Selander, 1979); we designate lectotype for Lytta koltzei var. minor Haag-Rutenberg, 1880 with the goal of resolving the taxonomic problem generated by the previous invalid designa- tion of lectotype for L. k. var. cyanescens; and finally we consider Cissites maculata (Swederus, 1787) and Tetraonyx (Tetraonyx) bimaculatus (Klug, 1825) as species to be possibly excluded from the Mexican checklist. Key words: Coleoptera, Meloidae, Mexico, Taxonomy, Nomenclature, Sinonymy, Faunistic, North America. Índice Introducción .................................................................... 166 Lista de taxones .............................................................. 168 Catálogo taxonómico ...................................................... 171 Agradecimientos .............................................................. 244 Referencias ...................................................................... 244 Índice alfabético de nombres de especies, géneros y subgéneros en uso .................................................... 257 Introducción troladores de otras plagas (Dampf, 1925; Horsfall, 1943; Parker & Wakeland, 1957). Otros aspectos de La familia Meloidae cuenta con unos 120 géne- su biología, como sus ciclos biológicos complejos ros y 2500 especies distribuidas por la mayor parte que incluyen hipermetamorfosis y hábitos larvarios del Planeta, excepto en Nueva Zelanda y en algunas parasitoides (Beauregard, 1890; Paoli, 1937; islas oceánicas aisladas (Pinto & Bologna, 1999). Selander, 1981), sus diversas pautas de cortejo y La presencia de altas concentraciones de cantaridi- comportamiento gregario (Horsfall, 1943; Selan- na en los tejidos de los coleópteros de esta familia der, 1960a, 1964a) y sus defensas químicas (Carrel ha llamado la atención desde la antigüedad y desde & Eisner, 1974; Carrel et al., 1993; Dettner, 1997) entonces han sido utilizados por su interés farma- son excepcionales entre los coleópteros. En áreas cológico. De hecho, se trata de una de las pocas donde la alteración ambiental es alta, o donde los familias de insectos que poseen nombres vernácu- usos agrícolas han cambiado, se ha detectado su los en la mayoría de las lenguas y que, a nivel de progresiva desaparición (Nash, 1976; Havelka, familia, tienen una denominación general como 1980) y en los Estados Unidos se han propuesto 5 “escarabajos vesicantes” o “cantáridas”. La inges- especies como candidatas para su inclusión en las tión accidental de estos coleópteros, que pueden ir listas de especies amenazadas a nivel federal incluidos en las balas y pacas de alfalfa (Blodgett et (Halstead & Haines, 1992). al., 1995), ocasiona trastornos graves o incluso la La composición de la familia ha variado relati- muerte al ganado, por lo que son objeto de atención vamente poco a través del tiempo. Pinto & Bologna en veterinaria (Schoeb & Panciera, 1978; Capinera (1999) siguen a Aksentjev (1988; 1989) y excluyen et al., 1985). También son conocidos en agricultura de la familia al género Thambospasta Werner, 1974, ya que algunas especies consituyen plagas ocasio- que había sido previamente incluido en la subfami- nales en su estado adulto, mientras que en estado lia Eleticinae (Werner, 1974). Las aportaciones más larvario pueden tener utilidad agrícola como con- recientes al conocimiento de la sistemática del con- Graellsia, 63(2), Diciembre 2007, pp. 165-258 — ISSN: 0367-5041 CATALOGO DE MELOIDAE DE MÉXICO 167 junto de la familia son las clasificaciones presenta- la datos sobre especies del norte de México. das por Kaszab (1959, 1969), Bologna (1991), Además, mucha de la informacion publicada por Selander (1991) y Bologna & Pinto (2001). La Enns (1956) sobre Nemognathini de los EEUU y familia se subdivide en 4 subfamilias: Eleticinae, por Werner et al. (1966) sobre Arizona es útil para Meloinae, Nemognathinae y Tetraonycinae. Los la identificación de las especies del norte de representantes de la subfamilia Eleticinae se distri- México. Varios de los géneros presentes en México, buyen por América del Sur, África, La India y el o parte de ellos, han sido objeto de estudios mono- sureste de Asia. La subfamilia Tetraonycinae es gráficos, que en muchos casos incluyen a toda la exclusiva de América, mientras que Meloinae y fauna de América del Norte. Tal es el caso de los Nemognathinae están ampliamente distribuidos por géneros Lytta (Selander, 1960a) y Meloe (Pinto & casi todo el Planeta (Pinto & Bologna, 1999). Selander, 1970), del subgénero nominal de Exceptuando la monumental obra de Beau- Epicauta (Adams & Selander, 1979; Pinto, 1991) y regard (1890) y los catálogos y listados publicados de los géneros de la tribu Eupomphini (Pinto, en la primera mitad del siglo XX (Borchmann, 1975a, 1977, 1979, 1984a,c). Finalmente, Pinto & 1917), no existen trabajos monográficos de conjun- Bologna (1999) presentan claves de identificación to para la familia. La fauna americana de Meloidae de todos los géneros americanos e indican la distri- fue catalogada por Denier (1935a, 1940) y Black- bución general de cada uno de ellos. A pesar de welder (1945) y recientemente, Pinto & Bologna estas contribuciones, el grado de conocimiento de (1999) han publicado una clave de identificación y la fauna de México de Meloidae es limitado y prue- una revisión de todos los géneros presentes en ba de ello es que, por ejemplo, en el listado América. En este continente se reconocen 49 géne- “Nomina Insecta Nearctica” (Poole & Gentili, ros que incluyen unas 790 especies (Pinto & 1996) se han omitido la mayor parte de las especies Bologna, 1999). De estos géneros, únicamente 5 se mexicanas de Meloidae, a pesar de pertenecer en su encuentran también en el Viejo Mundo (Bologna & mayor parte a la fauna neártica. Pinto, 2002). Eugenio Dugès fue sin duda el precursor del Varias especies de Meloidae ya eran conocidas estudio moderno de los meloidos de México y sus en México antes del inicio
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