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Emergence of the Clean Technologies Sector in the Baltic Sea Region

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Emergence of the Clean Technologies Sector in the Baltic Sea Region Emergence of the Clean Technologies Sector in the Baltic Sea Region Editors: Kaija Valdmaa and Tarmo Kalvet 2011 Emergence of the Clean Technologies Sector in the Baltic Sea Region 2 Global Vision Riga • Tallinn • Örebro Lead Partner: Örebro University ISBN: 978-91-7668-841-0 Address to the editors of the report: Kaija Valdmaa/ Tarmo Kalvet Tallinn University of Technology Department of Public Administration Akadeemia street 3, 12618 Tallinn Estonia Phone: +372 620 2661 E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Suggested citation: Kaija Valdmaa and Tarmo Kalvet (Eds). Emergence of the Clean Technologies Sector in the Baltic Sea Region (Report from the Central Baltic Interreg IVA project "Enabling a Global Vision for the Baltic Cleantech Industry"). Tallinn: Tallinn University of Technology, 2011. Cover foto: Per Frankelius. Design of the report template: Per Frankelius. This publication is published as part of the Global Vision project www.global-vision.se © Global Vision 2011 The content of the publication reflects the authors views and the Managing Authority (EU) cannot be held liable for the information published by the project partners. Enabling a Global Vision for the Baltic cleantech industry 3 Foreword The Central Baltic INTERREG IV A project ‘Enabling a Global Vision for the Baltic Clean-tech industry’ (Global Vision) is a co-operation between teams in Estonia, Latvia and Sweden and runs from 2011 to 2013. The purpose is to en- courage business development, co-operation and to facilitate exports in clean technology firms in the three countries and also to suggest improvements in pub- lic policy. The project covers Estonia, Latvia and in Sweden the regions of Stock- holm, Örebro, Östergötland, Uppsala, Gävleborg, Södermanland, Västmanland. In principal the work is divided into three separate parts. First, analyses of exist- ing firms and policies are conducted with the aim of providing a roadmap for strengthening industry’s internationalisation activities. The second part consists of the development and delivery of tailored training for clean technology SMEs as well as trans-regional match-making activities. The third part is an assessment of existing regional relationships and networks with the aim of developing a joint trans-regional model for utilising such contacts for sales activities for the devel- opment of the clean-tech industry as well as suggestions of policy improvements. This report covers the first part – the analyses of regional clean technology indus- tries and their global market reach, and policy initiatives. The report is largely based on interviews with 95 companies in Sweden, Estonia and Latvia. The anal- yses cover economic-, social- and policy context, including human resources, infrastructure, business climate, support measures and related industries, as well as characteristics and dynamics of the clean technology companies. Each country chapter concludes with the synthesis of strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats, and related policy recommendations. The final editorial work was co-ordinated by Kaija Valdmaa and Tarmo Kalvet in close co-operation with Inga Brieze, Per Frankelius, Sanita Jankovska and Kirsten Krause. Örebro in November 2011 Claes M. Hultman Professor, Co-ordinator 4 Table of Contents Foreword .......................................................................................................... 4 Executive summary .......................................................................................... 7 Environmental issues and clean technologies ...................................................... 8 The project and methodology ................................................................................. 9 Clean technology sectors and clean technology developers in Sweden, Latvia and Estonia .............................................................................................................. 11 Emergence of the clean technology clusters ....................................................... 14 Clean technology developers in Sweden, Latvia and Estonia .......................... 16 Supply of human resources in the field of clean technologies ......................... 21 Government policies and instruments, and support organisations ................ 22 Cooperation between industry and academia .................................................... 23 Co-operation with other stakeholders ................................................................. 24 Perceived development problems ........................................................................ 25 Clean technologies related strengths and weaknesses in Sweden, Estonia and Latvia ......................................................................................................................... 28 Policy recommendations ....................................................................................... 30 Chapter I: Introduction ................................................................................. 33 1. Global Vision project ......................................................................................... 34 2. Methodology ....................................................................................................... 39 References ................................................................................................................ 44 Chapter II: Emergence of the Clean Technologies Sector in Sweden .......... 45 Acknowledgements ................................................................................................ 46 Introduction ............................................................................................................ 48 1. Current conditions in clean technologies ....................................................... 49 2. Current performance in clean technologies ................................................... 82 3. Swedish cleantech sub-clusters ....................................................................... 106 4. Best practice study on funding: Green venture fund cases ........................ 130 5 5. Analysis of strengths and weaknesses of Swedish policy measures in the cleantech sector ..................................................................................................... 145 Annexes .................................................................................................................. 155 Chapter III: Emergence of the Clean Technologies Sector in Estonia ....... 158 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 159 1. Current conditions in clean technologies ..................................................... 163 2. Current performance in clean technologies ................................................. 188 3. Energy technologies sub-cluster ..................................................................... 220 4. ICT sub-cluster .................................................................................................. 225 5. Conclusions ....................................................................................................... 230 References .............................................................................................................. 237 Annexes .................................................................................................................. 243 Chapter IV: Emergence of the Clean Technologies Sector in Latvia ......... 245 Introduction .......................................................................................................... 246 1. Current conditions in clean technologies ..................................................... 248 2. Current performance in clean technologies ................................................. 284 3. Sub-clusters........................................................................................................ 309 4. Conclusions ....................................................................................................... 321 References .............................................................................................................. 327 Annexes .................................................................................................................. 328 Chapter V: Conclusions ............................................................................... 349 1. Innovation environments in Sweden, Estonia and Latvia .......................... 350 2. Clean technology sectors in Sweden, Estonia and Latvia ........................... 351 3. Clean technology developers in Sweden, Estonia and Latvia .................... 354 4. Clean technology policies and instruments in Sweden, Estonia and Latvia ................................................................................................................................. 357 5. Perceived development problems .................................................................. 359 6. Clean technologies related strenghts and weaknesses in Sweden, Estonia and Latvia ............................................................................................................... 361 7. Policy recommendations ................................................................................. 364 6 Emergence of the Clean Technologies Sector in the Baltic Sea Region – Executive summary Tarmo Kalvet • Kaija Valdmaa • Per Frankelius Kirsten Krause • Juris Vanags • Vita Brakovska 7 Environmental issues and clean
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