Women Self Help Groups at Thiruvarur District-A Case Study
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
WOMEN SELF HELP GROUPS AT THIRUVARUR DISTRICT-A CASE STUDY A thesis submitted to the Bharathidasan University For the Award of the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN COMMERCE By Mr. K. GANDHI, M.Com., M.Phil., Ref.No.34506/Ph.D./Commerce/P.T/Jan-2011 UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF Dr. N. UDAYAKUMARI, M.Com., M.B.A., M.Phil., Ph.D., Associate Professor in Commerce, A.D.M.College for Women (Autonomous) Nagapattinam. BHARATHIDASAN UNIVERSITY THIRUCHIRAPPALLI – 24 AUGUST – 2014 Dr. N. UDAYAKUMARI, M.Com. M.B.A., M.Phil., Ph.D., Associate Professor in Commerce, A.D.M.College for Women (Autonomous) Nagapattinam – 611001 CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the thesis entitled “WOMEN SELF HELP GROUPS AT THIRUVARUR DISTRICT- A CASE STUDY” submitted to Bharathidasan University, Tiruchirappalli, is a bonafide record of the research work done by Mr. K. GANDHI, during the period of his study in fulfilment of the requirement of Ph.D., in commerce in the P.G. and Research Department of Commerce, A.D.M. College for Women (Autonomous), Nagapattinam. Further, it is certified that this thesis has not previously formed the basis for the award of any Degree, Diploma, Associateship, Fellowship or any other similar title and that it is an independent work on the part of the candidate. Research Advisor (Dr. N. UDAYAKUMARI) Mr. K. GANDHI, M.Com. M.Phil. Assistant Professor in Commerce, King Nandhivarman College of Arts and Science Thellar-Vandavasi - 604406. DECLARATION I, K.GANDHI, hereby declare that the thesis entitled “WOMEN SELF HELP GROUPS AT THIRUVARUR DISTRICT- A CASE STUDY” is my original work and that it has not previously formed the basis for the award of any Degree, Diploma, Associate ship, Fellowship or other similar title. This work has been done under the guidance and supervision of Dr. N. UDAYAKUMARI, Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, and A.D.M. College for Women (Autonomous), Nagapattinam. Research Scholar (K. GANDHI) ACKNOWLEDGEMENT It is with a feeling of happiness and gratitude on having finished successfully this arduous but stimulating task; I thank God for having sustained me throughout. I extend my sincere gratitude to the authority of Bharathidasan University, Thiruchirappalli, for providing me an opportunity to pursue this research. I express my deep sense of gratitude to my learned and beloved supervisor and guide Dr. N. UDAYAKUMARI, M.Com, M.B.A., M.Phil., Ph.D., Associate Professor, Department of Commerce, A.D.M. College for Women (Autonomous), Nagapattinam, without whose guidance, encouragement, supervision and moral support, this work would not have been possible. She has been the prime personality in providing me all possible assistance at every stage by sparing much of her precious time. The present study is an inevitable outcome of her valuable comments. Her role will remain a source of enduring inspiration throughout my life. My sincere thanks are due to the Management, A.D.M. College for Women, and Dr. S. MYTHILI, M.Com, M.Phil., Ph.D., Principal, A.D.M. College for Women (Autonomous), Nagapattinam, for having permitted me to undergo the course in the Department of Commerce. My sincere thanks are due to Dr. M. SELVA CHANDRA, M.Com., M.Phil., Ph.D., Head, Other Faculty Members, Department of Commerce, A.D.M. College for College for Women (Autonomous), Nagapattinam for having permitted me to undergo the course. My heartiest gratitude goes to my mentor Dr. V. RAJAGOPALAN, Syndicate member of Bharathidasan University & Principal, Sri Venkateswara College of Arts& Science, for his valuable guidance and suggestions on research methodology based on which carried out the study. His guidance and advice shaped and changed my attitude in own and professional lives. I extend my sincere thanks to Dr. C.THIRUSELVAN and Dr. N. PALANIVELU doctoral committee members for their valuable guidance and suggestions to finish my work with in a time. I owe a deep gratitude and heartfelt thanks to DR.M.TAMILARASAN assosiate professor in commerce. I extend my sincere thanks to Mrs.R.ILAMATHI, Mrs.N.MANIMOZHY Mr. S. RAJASWAMINATHAN, Mr. A.SANTHANAKANNAN, Mr. R. SIVAGURU, Mr.M.KANNAN, Mr.P.AURNMOZHI and other Colleagues have always inspired me with his/her expansive knowledge and progressive thoughts. I would like to put on record the inputs provided by the Librarian of various universities in Tamil Nadu and Pondicherry has been very cooperative and never failed to provide their valuable suggestions and directions for inspiring me to finish my work within the stipulated span. I owe a deep gratitude and heartfelt thanks to the Assistant Director, Women Development Department at Thiruvarur District and other officers who have provided me their views for my research work. I am also thankful to the Officers of various Non Governmental Organizations, various self help group members and co-ordinators,bank managers who have spared their precious time during my personal visit to their offices and to my every phone call. I express my heartfelt thanks to my friends, Student friends, Research Scholars and the hundreds of respondents who spared the vital information for preparing the draft questionnaire and for their enthusiastic participation in the final survey. I also express my gratitude to my extended family members who have motivated me and taken pride in my achievements. The names of all the persons may not be mentioned but nobody is forgotten. K.GANDHI CONTENTS PAGE. CHAPTERS CONTENT NO CERTIFICATE DECLARATION ACKNOWLDGEMENT ABSTRACT LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES ABBREVIATIONS INTRODUCTION AND DESIGN OF THE I 1 STUDY II PROFILE OF THE THIRUVARUR DISTRICT 28 III AN OVERVIEW OF LITERATURE 36 SHGs AND COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT IV 74 AND BANK LINKAGE PROGRAMME V SHGs AND WOMEN DEVELOPMENT 164 SHGs AND SUSTAINABLE NATURAL VI 200 RESOURCES MANAGEMENT SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, SUGGESTIONS VII 227 AND CONCLUSION BIBLIOGRAPHY 239 APPENDIX 243 ABSTRACT The development of mankind was the major concern of economic thinkers and policy makers of all the time all over the world. Self Help Group is a homogeneous group of poor, women, users etc. This group is voluntary one formed on the areas of common interest so that they can think, organize and operate for their development. The strength of Self Help Groups is based upon the fact that the people who are facing problems are likely to be the most committed to solve them. The present study has been designed as a case study of the economic and community development interventions of Women SHG in the Thiruvarur district. These Women SHGs have been able to contribute to women development and empowerment in a big way through micro finance operations and other community development services. The study has concluded that the women SHGs organic farming practices have been highly beneficial to farmers and society and have led to eco friendly cultivation, conservation of natural resources and protection of soil and water from pollution. †óÀ¥ ‚Íù» ‡Ó©ó ¡Î§÷Ø¥ †÷§õ - ¬ó¥ ¬øš ÅÌ ¡Î§÷Ø¥ †÷§õØ¡μ †óÀ¥ ‚°Ìù» ‡Ó©ó ƒó ß±ü÷ó Ç°™ª §Îªß®. ‚†÷¥ éîçè †óÀ¥ ‚° Ñù» ‡Ó©ó dž÷§õØ¡μ Ç°™ª §Îªß®. ‚†÷¥ éçç ‡Ó©óøŤ öù¥Ì õŗÊ Ä§¥óÔøř° ô¸ó õŝ÷ζ÷ù÷¢ ¬øš, õŝ÷ζ÷ù÷¢ §¶¥´ Ū°øŢ ‡ÃØÊ ÅÌ õŗ°±ü‰¶Ê. †óÀ¥ ‚° Ñù» ‡Ó©óøŤ ô÷¥ù ÑÒ±¥®¥ó §™ªó ¸£†÷ó ‡øťù §ø§μ óõ õŝÒ ù™óÔøř° ô¸ó õŝ÷ζ÷ù÷¢ ¬øš§μ §¶¥´ Äøřʶ®. †óÀ¥ ‚° Ñù» ‡Ó©óøŤ ô÷¥ù ‚†÷¥ îçí ÑÒ±¥®¥ó Ç°øŕ »§ó÷°Ø¡μ ɉü‰¶®¥. éçç ÑÒ±¥®¥óøŤ öś¥Ì õŗÊ Ç°øŕ »§ô÷°Ø¡μ áüõÛø° ûøŞó Äù®÷μ ħ¥óÔ©‡ ªøř©ó±õŝß õŝ÷ζ÷ù÷¢ §¶¥´ Ū°øŢ ‡ÃØÊ ÅÌ öŞõŕ÷¶±üõÊ. ¡Î§÷Ø¥ †÷§õ †óÀ¥ ‚°Íù» ‡Ó©ó õŝ¨° Ķ»μ †÷ßØøś áü‰Ø¡Í¶Ê. ô¸ó õŝ÷ζ÷ù÷¢ ¬øš§øŦ§μ ß±ü÷® §¶¥´ Äøřʶ®¥. LIST OF TABLES Table Page Title No. No. 4.1 Growth of micro finance in india 86 4.2 Number of women SHGs promoted by SHG form 89 2005-2006 to 2012- 13 4.3 Number of NHGs promoted under SHG 91 4.4 Savings –internal lending radio of Women SHGs under 94 SHGs 4.5 Internal lending by the women SHGs under SHGs 97 4.6 Linkage between banks and women SHGs 100 4.7 Bank NHG linkage under SHGs 103 4.8 Bank linkage rate of Women SHGs and NHGs 104 4.9 Total credit bank loan ratio of Women SHGs 106 4.10 Credit supplied by the NHGs 107 4.11 Distribution of micro credit by five co –operative banks 109 4.12 Micro credit by Women SHGs and the average micro 110 credit by a five co –operative bank 4.13 Repayment rate on small loans by Women SHGs 113 4.14 Repayment rate on small loans under NHGs 114 4.15 Repayment rate of five co – operative banks 116 4.16 Repayment rate of Women SHGs and the average 117 repayment rate of Five co – operative banks 4.17 Number of SHG families insured 121 4.18 Number of trainees in skill training 130 4.19 Number of participants in home nurse training 132 4.20 Number of participants in REDP 133 4.21 Number of participants in EDP 135 4.22 Year wise indices of people’s participation in MEDP 138 4.23 Number of participants in awareness generation 144 programme 4.24 Number of participants in training programme 145 4.25 Number of sanitary projects undertaken by SHGs 150 4.26 Number of houses constructed by SHGs 151 4.27 Number of water tanks constructed by SHGs 152 4.28 Number of drinking water schemes undertaken by SHGs 153 4.29 Number of beneficiaries of monthly aid programme under 154 SHGs 4.30 Number of projects undertaken by SHGs and grama 155 panchayats 4.31 Number of houses constructed by SHGs and grama 157 panchayats 4.32 Number of drinking water schemes by SHGs and grama 160 panchayats 4.33 Number of beneficiaries of aid programme under SHG and 161 gramapanchayats 5.1 Training programme 2012 -13 170 5.2 Skill development programme in 2012 -13 171 5.3 Training, skill development