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Conserving Odonate Biodiversity

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Conserving Odonate Biodiversity Conservation of dragonflies and damselflies: threats, needs, and strategies C. Mazzacano Odonates at Risk About as many species of odonates as birds, but receive much less research and conservation attention Arrowhead Spiketail (Cordulegaster dorsalis); Hugo Cobos) Arrowhead Spiketail (Cordulegaster dorsalis); Hugo Cobos Striped Meadowhawk (Sympetrum pallipes); C. Mazzacano) Sierra Madre Dancer (Argia lacrimans); C. Mazzacano) Odonates at Risk Many species have disappeared from water bodies worldwide American Rubyspot (Hetaerina cruentata), C. Mazzacano Odonates at Risk Still discovering new species, county records, and distributions Kalkman et al., Global diversity of dragonflies (Odonata) in freshwater Sarracenia Spiketail (Cordulegaster sarracenia), Troy Hibbetts Odonate Conservation Status Fr eshwat er M ussel s 69% Cr ayf i shes 51% St onef l i es 43% Fr eshwat er Fi shes 37% Amphibians 36% Flowering Plants 33% Gymnosperms 24% Fer ns/ Fer n A l l i es 22% T i ger Beet l es 19% Presumed/Possibly Extinct (GX/GH) Butterflies/Skippers 19% Critically Imperiled (G1) Rept i l es 18% I mper i l ed (G2) Vul ner abl e (G3) D r agonf l i es/ D amsel f l i es 18% M ammal s 16% Birds 14% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% Per cent of Speci es Precious Heritage (2000), TNC, NatureServe Odonate Conservation Status Dragonflies/Damselflies 18% 5952 odonate species globally (Schorr & Paulson, 2013) 463 odonate species in North America (Schorr & Paulson, 2013) 89 “threatened” odonate species in U.S. and Canada (Nature Serve 2013) Hine’s Emerald (Somatochlora hineana); Kathryn Kirk, WDNR Odonate Conservation Status 5 presumed or possibly extinct 21 critically imperiled 23 imperiled 40 vulnerable Pacific Hawaiian Damselfly (Megalagrion pacificum); USFWS National Digital Library 6 species listed under ESA: Hine’s Emerald, 5 Hawaiian Megalagrion damselflies 2 species listed under SARA: Rapids Clubtail & Pygmy Flying Earwig Hawaiian Damselfly (Megalagrion nesiotes; USFWS National Digital Library Snaketail Why should we care? Large, beautiful, charismatic Claret Pondhawk (Erythemis mithroides), C. Mazzacano “Poster child” for aquatic insects and habitats Carmine Skimmer (Orthemis discolor); C. Mazzacano Why should we care? Important link between terrestrial and aquatic food webs Nymph eating backswimmer, NatureUpClose Nymphs can be top predators in fishless wetlands Meadowhawk eating mosquito; K. Redmond, UWI-Milwaukee Why should we care? Eaten by birds, fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals Rich in fat and protein Great Kiskadee eating Common Green Darner; Dennis Paulson Provide essential amino acids lacking in plants and seeds Western Fence Lizard eating Common Whitetail; Dennis Paulson Why should we care? Bear Creek, CA; C. Mazzacano Collins, CO; C. Mazzacano Biotope characterization different types of habitats have characteristic species assemblages Springer Lake Bog, WA; C. Mazzacano Plant bog, NY; C. Mazzacano Why should we care? Biological indicators changes in abundance and species composition in response to human disturbance Crystal Springs Creek, Portland OR; C. Mazzacano Why should we care? Heavy metal detection dragonfly nymphs being used to assess mercury contamination in aquatic ecosystems http://www.nature.nps.gov/air/Studies/air_toxics/dragonfly/index.cfm Why should we care? Model organisms to study effects of climate change Why should we care? Cultural and aesthetic value Threats to odonates Habitat fragmentation Sedimentation Habitat loss & degradation Introduced species Heavy metals Eutrophication Hydrologic Pesticides Ophiogomphus colubrinus; alterations C. Mazzacano Global climate Unregulated change grazing Celeste Mazzacano Threats to odonates Global climate change natural ? overwintering migration enemies ? disease precipitation range prey changes Red-tailed Pennant (Brachymesia furcata), C. Mazzacano ? ? habitat parasites Challenges for conservation Increasing demand for fresh water Multiple impacts in watersheds Mississippi River, Minneapolis MN; C. Mazzacano Challenges for conservation Insects not “charismatic” Less public awareness Less appreciation of roles in freshwater habitats Lincoln Park, Chicago IL; Celeste Mazzacano Challenges for conservation But it doesn’t have to be that way!!!!! Interpretive sign developed by BLM at Cowboy Camp, Bear Creek, CA, in conjunction with Kathy & Dave Biggs; C. Mazzacano Natural or constructed ponds are important environmental education tools Lincoln Park Boardwalk, Chicago IL; C. Mazzacano Challenges for conservation Knowledge gaps in life history and needs States/provinces may not include odonates in conservation plans Populations may decline past recovery Tadpole Pond, Portland OR; C.Alexa Mazzacano Carleton Conservation strategies Map essential habitat Assess current vs. historic distribution Location of Hine’s Emerald sites investigated in Door County Conservation strategies Fill knowledge gaps (life history, taxonomy, distribution, trends, threats) Obtain protection for threatened species Develop recovery and management plans Hine’s Emerald (Somatochlora hineana), John Abbott Hine’s Emerald, John Abbott Conservation strategies Protect, conserve, and restore aquatic and upland habitats C. Mazzacano Tanner Springs Park, Portland OR; C. Mazzacano C. Mazzacano Conservation strategies Increase public knowledge, awareness, and appreciation Brianna Borders Celeste Mazzacano Questions? Little Blue Dragonlet (Erythrodiplax minuscula), C. Mazzacano .
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