Economics, Politics and Philosophy

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ECONOMICS, POLITICS AND PHILOSOPHY

Peter Harrington london We are exhibiting at these fairs 4–7 October 2018 frieze masters Regent’s Park, London frieze.com/fairs/frieze-masters

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Coin illustrations from Ordonnance et instrvction, item 59. Design: Nigel Bents; Photography: Ruth Segarra. Peter Harrington london

catalogue 146

ECONOMICS, POLITICS AND PHILOSOPHY

All items from this catalogue are on display at Dover Street Dover St opening hours: 10am–7pm Monday–Friday; 10am–6pm Saturday mayfair chelsea Peter Harrington Peter Harrington 43 Dover Street 100 Fulham Road London w1s 4ff London sw3 6hs uk 020 3763 3220 uk 020 7591 0220 eu 00 44 20 3763 3220 eu 00 44 20 7591 0220 usa 011 44 20 3763 3220 www.peterharrington.co.uk usa 011 44 20 7591 0220 well-known to many of the key figures of the German Romantic movement, who often met each other at her Berlin salon: regulars included Friedrich Gentz, Motte Fouqué, Schlegel, Schelling, and Steffens. She was introduced to Goethe in 1795. See the Hannah Arendt Papers at the Library of Congress, Correspond- ence File, 1938–76. £4,250 [118211]

2 ATKINSON, William. Principles of Political Economy; Or, the laws of the formation of national wealth: developed by means of the Christian law of government; being the substance of a case delivered to the Hand-Loom Weavers Commission. London: Whittaker and Co., 1840 1 Octavo. Original brown cloth, spine lettered in gilt, covers panelled in blind, yellow endpapers. Folding diagram showing the operation of the 1 division of labour at rear. Errata slip tipped in. Spine toned, spine ends ARENDT, Hannah. Rahel Varnhagen. The Life of a Jewess. bumped, rear hinge split but cords holding firm, covers and prelims with the odd mark, a very good copy. London: published for the Leo Baeck Institute of Jews from Germany by the East and West Library, 1957 first edition, presentation copy, inscribed to Atkinson’s fellow member of the Statistical Society of London, “To T. B. Octavo. Original blue cloth, spine lettered and ruled in gilt. With the dust Herring Esq. With the Author’s regards” on the front free end- jacket. Portrait frontispiece. Spine and extremities bleached, spine ends a paper verso. Thomas Buckle Herring of 40 Aldersgate Street was little bumped, dust jacket extremities lightly rubbed and with a few nicks, jacket spine faded, lower front panel marked, tape repair to inner spine, proposed successfully as a candidate for the Society in November a very good copy. 1836; at that same session Atkinson’s paper, On the Application of Statistical Facts to Statistical Science, was read. first edition, presentation copy, inscribed by the author, “For Harry Zohn, cordially, Cambridge, April 6, 1967”. Harry Zohn Established in 1837, the Royal Commission on Hand-Loom Weav- (1923–2001) was an educator, writer and translator of important ers was an enquiry into unemployment and poverty in the textile works of German literature. He and Arendt collaborated on an industry. Atkinson supported his friend, the factory reformer edition of Walter Benjamin’s Illuminations (1968), which she edit- Richard Oastler (1789–1861), in his disputes with the Commis- ed and he translated. They began corresponding with each other sion, even through the latter’s confinement in Fleet prison; this about this project in February 1967 and Zohn had the translation tract was written to represent both Oastler and the Spitalfield ready for Arendt’s arrival in Cambridge, where they met on 6 weavers in their case. April. Einaudi 200; Goldsmiths’ 31317. This is the German-born Jewish political theorist’s first commer- £650 [124350] cially published book, which she began writing in the late 1920s, translated from the German by Richard and Clara Winston. It was 3 nearly complete when Arendt was forced to leave Germany, and she did not return to her project until nearly two decades later, at AYER, Alfred J. Language, Truth and Logic. London: Victor which point much of the archival material she had planned to con- Gollancz Ltd, 1936 sult had been destroyed. It is both a biography of the German-Jew- Octavo. Original blue cloth, spine lettered in gilt. With the dust jacket. ish writer Rahel Levin (1771–1833) and a more general “contribution A very good copy, the jacket very lightly soiled with a few tiny chips and to the history of the German Jews” (dust jacket blurb). Levin was creases to extremities.

2 Peter Harrington 146 4 4 first edition of the work of philosophy that was vital for bring- calf. The fine engraved portrait by William Marshall, so often ing the ideas of the Vienna Circle to the English-speaking world. lacking, is present here. Uncommon in the dust jacket. It was translated from the 1623 enlarged Latin version (De augmentis £1,875 [127014] scientiarum) of Bacon’s 1605 treatise on learning and the organisation of human knowledge; this copy has the second state of the col- 4 ophon leaf, dated 1640 instead of 1639. The first of the two books is an eloquent and powerful defence of the importance of learning BACON, Francis. The Twoo Bookes . . . Of the Advancement to every field of life. The second book is a general survey of the and Proficience of Learning or the Partitions of Sciences, contemporary state of human knowledge. In it, Bacon identifies IX Bookes. Written in Latin. Interpreted by Gilbert Wats. its deficiencies and makes broad suggestions for improvement. Oxford: printed by Leon Lichfield, for Robert Young & Edward “Francis Bacon conceived a massive plan for the reorganisation of Forrest, 1640 scientific method and gave purposeful thought to the relation of science to public and social life. His pronouncement ‘I have taken Folio (288 × 192 mm). Contemporary calf, spine and boards elaborately tooled in gilt; spine compartments with scrollwork centre motifs, raised all knowledge to be my province’ is the motto of his work” (PMM). bands edged with tooth-pattern tooling, the boards double-framed with The book’s importance lies in its professed aim of furthering Ba- rope-twist and tooth ruling, elaborate scrollwork and floriate centrepiece con’s ideas of the advancement of learning and knowledge, and and cornerpieces, green ties, edges gilt. Housed in a brown cloth che- the practical means of accomplishing this. Bacon discussed extant mise and matching book-form slipcase. Engraved portrait frontispiece natural histories, their deficiencies and the ways to improve them. and vignette title page by William Marshall, engraved head- and tailpiec- He notes that “the use of History Mechanical is of all others the es, initials. Bookplate of H. Bradley Martin to front pastedown, previous most radical and fundamental towards natural philosophy”. At the owner’s label to front pastedown partly removed, early ownership in- beginning of the second book he makes a bold attempt to invite scription to frontispiece recto partially obscured by repaired hole. Some wear and light marking to extremities and boards, hinges partly cracked James I to begin a complete reform of the institutions of learning, but firm, a few tiny holes to frontispiece and title leaf, two minor paper including founding libraries and research institutes, raising the repairs to top edge of †3, closed tear to lower edge of C1, a small rust funding of universities and the salaries of professors, as well as ini- spot to gatherings N–O resulting in tiny perforation in margin, else a very tiating international scholarly co-operation. Thus in his first work, good, well-margined copy, with occasional foxing and dampstain. Bacon clearly outlined the methodology which he was ultimately first expanded edition in english, the bradley martin to develop in his major philosophical work, the Novum organum. copy, well-margined and handsomely bound in contemporary Gibson 141b; Pollard & Redgrave 1167.3. See Printing and the Mind of Man 119. £6,500 [125828]

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5 (ODNB). Caroline was so popular with the public, however, that the government was forced to withdraw the bill. BACON, Francis. The Works. London: for A. Millar, 1753 Lowndes I, p. 93. Not in Gibson. 3 volumes, folio (350 × 224 mm). Contemporary calf, rebacked with tan morocco, spines in compartments with gilt-lettered red morocco labels £1,750 [111422] to second, twin gilt rules to covers, edges sprinkled red. Title pages printed in red and black, engraved frontispiece to each volume, folding tables facing p. 34 of vol. 1 and p. 40 of vol. 3. Vol. 1 sig. A1, the section title 6 “Philosophical Works. The Two Books . . . ”, bound after the Advertise- BAGEHOT, Walter. Lombard Street: A Description of the ment leaf in this copy. Contemporary ownership inscriptions of Jonathan Money Market. London: Henry S. King & Co., 1873 Rose to title pages. Edges worn, covers lightly scuffed and marked with some mild repaired craquelure to vol. 3, light browning, the frontispiece Octavo. Original brown cloth, spine and boards lettered and ruled in gilt and to vol. 1 loose, browned, and repaired, occasional pale spotting and small black, dark green endpapers. Ownership inscription to front free endpaper scattered contemporary ink markings. A very good set. and to half-title of C. J. Barclay, with occasional pencil underlining and marginalia. Spine ends very lightly rubbed, hinges cracked but still very firm, second collected edition, “an edition more methodical, sewing strained in places, a very good copy in unrestored condition. more elegant, and every way more complete, than any preced- first edition, scarce in commerce. Described by J. M. Keynes ing” (Lowndes), first published by Millar in 1740, Gosling’s 1730 as “an undying classic”, Lombard Street analyses the operation of the edition lacking a small number of texts. British financial system, focusing on the economic role of the Bank provenance: with the engraved armorial bookplate of noted le- of England. Bagehot’s recommendation that the Bank alter gold re- gal writer William Cooke (1757–1832) to the front pastedown of the serves based on economic cycles was highly influential, and the book first volume. Cooke’s Compendious System of the Bankrupt Laws was was considered authoritative into the 20th century. “The wonderful first published in 1785 and for many years remained the standard clearness of Bagehot’s power of statement, his exact knowledge of work on the subject. In 1818 he was commissioned to investigate the subject treated on, together with his firm grasp of economic the- charges of infidelity brought against Caroline of Brunswick, wife of ory, have caused this volume to exert an influence which few books George, Prince of Wales: the future George IV was desperate to end on a subject naturally so dry have possessed” (Palgrave I, p. 81). their marriage, and she refused his requests for a divorce. “Cooke’s See Blaug, Great Economists before Keynes, pp. 5–7; Masui, p. 113. report, which was forthwith laid before the cabinet, led to the introduction of the celebrated bill of pains and penalties against the £6,000 [123366] queen in the House of Lords on 5 July 1820: this accused Caroline of ‘licentious behaviour’, and proposed to dissolve her marriage”

4 Peter Harrington 146 7 8

7 Goldsmiths’ 29875; Kress C.4296; McCulloch, p. 183; Sraffa 180. See Sam- uel Hollander, Essays on Classical and Marxian Political Economy, Collected Es- [BAILEY, Samuel.] Money and its vicissitudes in value: says IV (Routledge, 2013). as they affect national industry and pecuniary contracts: £3,250 [124038] with a postscript on joint-stock banks. London: Effingham Wilson, 1837 8 Octavo (223 × 142 mm). Contemporary purple pebbled cloth, rebacked preserving most of the original spine, endpapers renewed. A few faint (BANK OF ENGLAND.) Some Considerations on Publick pencil annotations to the text. Extremities rubbed, ends of spine restored Credit. And The Nature of its Circulation in the Funds. and corners bumped, spine and boards sunned, remnant of paper spine Occasioned by A Bill now depending in Parliament, label to front board, outer leaves lightly tanned from the binding, first two leaves a little chipped at fore edges with a few minor ink marks to title concerning Stock-jobbing. London: printed for J. Brotherton page, contents browned with occasional spotting, an ink stain to p. 107 and sold by A. Dodd, 1733 offset onto facing page, else a very good copy. Octavo (181 × 115 mm), pp. 21. Disbound pamphlet with remnants of first edition, complete with the half-title, of this uncommon original spine, edges sprinkled red. Exterior pages lightly soiled, lightly work, one of the earliest detailed arguments for the productivity creased, a very good copy. norm. Bailey, the Sheffield economist and philosopher who was first edition of this “exceedingly able defence of the stock ex- known as the “Hallamshire Bentham”, is perhaps best remem- change and speculative dealing in securities” (Foxwell, cited in bered for his intelligent criticism of the Ricardo–Mill–McCulloch Kress). This anonymous pamphlet was produced in response to model of economic analysis. Indeed, Schumpeter believed Bailey’s John Barnard’s attempted passage of an anti-stock jobbing Act in Dissertation (1825) to “rank among the masterpieces of criticism in parliament. The treatise argued that a free market in the trade our field . . . it should suffice to secure to its author a place in or of government bonds was necessary to ensure that future bond near front rank in the history of scientific economics” (History of sales at low interest rates would be successful, holding that an Economic Analysis, p. 486). Samuel Hollander argued that the pres- ability to rapidly acquire sources of credit is essential to a free ent work, Money, “is of high importance, especially for its analy- government. The treatise was ultimately unsuccessful, as Bar- sis of ‘accelerated circulation’ as means of activating ‘inert’ or nard’s Act, though heavily amended by the government, was ‘dormant’ or ‘unemployed’ capital and labour, appearing in print passed in 1734 and made permanent in 1737. The pamphlet is seven years before J. S. Mill’s ‘Of the influence of Consumption on scarce in commerce, last recorded at auction in 1962. Production’. Mill makes no reference to this analysis; Marx cites ESTC T60416; Goldsmiths’ 7095; Hanson 4615; Kress 4143. it at length in his Grundrisse” (p. 361). This copy bears the printer’s imprint on the title leaf verso, as Sraffa notes of one of his copies. £500 [117468]

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9 Beccaria’s Dei delitti e delle pene was first published in French in 1766, in a translation by economist and Encyclopėdiste André Mo- [BECCARIA, Cesare, marchese di; VOLTAIRE.] Traité des rellet. Morellet’s translation, based on the third edition of Bec- délits et des peines; [bound with] Commentaire sur le livre caria’s treatise, was criticised for being unfaithful, leading Bec- des délits et des peines. Paris: chez J. F. Bastien, 1773 caria to seek out another translator, whom he found in librarian 2 works bound in one volume, duodecimo (160 × 90 mm). Contemporary Chaillou de Lisy. Chaillou de Lisy’s translation was widely ac- mottled calf, tan morocco label, raised bands, spine elaborately decorat- claimed and remained the standard text even when other trans- ed in gilt with central floral tools, marbled endpapers, all edges red. P. lations followed. Included in this edition are the “Jugement d’un 295 misprinted 195; p. 35 misprinted 39 in Voltaire’s Commentaire. Slight célèbre professeur sur le livre Des Délits & des Peines” and the au- surface loss to board edges, small repair to leaf A1, tiny loss due to production fault to edges of leaf A1v of the Commentaire, the occasional minor thor’s response to a monk (“un moine de Vallombreuse”) who blemish to contents. Both very good copies. had attacked his theories and denounced him to the authorities, “Réponse à un écrit intitulé Notes et Observations sur le livre Des first edition of chaillou de lisy’s translation, en- Délits & des Peines”. dorsed by Beccaria. Undoubtedly the most influential work on criminal justice in the 18th century, Beccaria’s treatise was origi- This copy is bound with Voltaire’s highly admirative Commentaire, nally published in Italian in 1764, first published in French in 1766 which was first published anonymously in Geneva in 1766 (this and in English in 1767. Cesare Beccaria, Marchese Beccaria-Bone- copy being undated but most probably an early 1770s edition). sana, a well-to-do Milanese professor of law and economics, had In 1772 Voltaire wrote to Beccaria, forty years his junior: “Your made many prison visits and was appalled at what he saw. His book upon crimes and punishments opened the eyes of many of short book was immediately successful and widely influential the lawyers of Europe who had been brought up in absurd and in stimulating reform in many countries, including the nascent inhuman usages; and men began everywhere to blush at finding United States. “Beccaria maintained that the gravity of the crime themselves still wearing their ancient dress of savages” (William should be measured by its injury to society and that the penalties F. Fleming, The Works of Voltaire, Vol. 11, p. 31). should be related to this. The prevention of crime he held to be See Printing and the Mind of Man 209. of greater importance than its punishment, and the certainty of £550 [113080] punishment of greater effect than its severity. He denounced the use of torture and secret judicial proceedings. He opposed capital punishment, which should be replaced by life imprisonment; 10 crimes against property should be in the first place punished by BENTHAM, Jeremy. The Works, published under the fines, political crimes by banishment; and the conditions in pris- superintendence of his executor, John Bowring. Edinburgh: ons should be radically improved. Beccaria believed that the pub- William Tait; Simpkin, Marshall, & Co., London, 1843 lication of criminal proceedings, verdicts and sentences, as well 11 volumes, octavo (219 × 143 mm). Early 20th-century red half calf, as furthering general education, would help to prevent crime. spines lettered and dated in gilt with gilt floral motifs to compartments, These ideas have now become so commonplace that it is difficult red cloth boards, marbled endpapers, top edges gilt. Portrait frontispiece to appreciate their revolutionary impact at the time” (PMM). to vol. I. Bookseller’s ticket to first pastedown. Rubbed with a few patches

6 Peter Harrington 146 10 10 11 of wear, spines sunned and slightly discoloured in places, a few pages a offprint residue to front free endpaper verso, contents browned, overall little creased. A very good set. a very good copy. first collected edition of Bentham’s works, compiled un- first edition in book form, an exceptional presenta- der the supervision of his disciple and editor, John Bowring, as- tion copy between two of the most famous French psycholo- sisted by John Hill Burton, who wrote the lengthy “Introduction gists of all time, inscribed by Bergson to Pierre Janet, “a mon ami to the study of Bentham’s works”. The collected works were first Pierre Janet, souvenir affectieux, H. Bergson” on the half-title, issued in 22 parts, at 9 shillings each, between the years 1838 and with Janet’s ownership stamp underneath. 1843. “The Works are not complete, for Bowring . . . refused to Bergson and Janet were, along with Charles Richet, key partic- reprint the four attacks on religion, while the posthumous Deon- ipants in the movement to renew psychology in France. “Pierre tology, being still in print, was also left out. Moreover, he made Janet’s intellectual formation . . . drew on the influence provided practically no attempt to publish any of the manuscript material by his contemporary Henri Bergson, who had entered the École bequeathed to him by Bentham; he was probably overwhelmed Normale one year ahead of Janet and would remain a support- by the 173 portfolios containing upwards of 300 sheets each, er in, among other things, Janet’s 1902 candidacy to a chair at much of it in Bentham’s own execrable handwriting, the value of the Collège de France” (Brower, p. 32). Both were core members which he was not really competent to appreciate. Doubtless he of the Institut Psychologique International, founded in 1900 in salved his conscience by bequeathing this inheritance to Univer- anticipation of the Fourth International Congress of Psychology, sity College for future students to quarry into and to publish. The and their separate but complementary research continued to play tenth and eleventh volumes . . . consist of a most valuable but an important role in the development of each other’s thinking ill-digested and ill-arranged memoir compiled by Bowring from throughout their lives. Bentham’s papers and correspondence, and an exhaustive analyt- This copy has an interesting second academic association, later ical index” (Muirhead). becoming part of the library of the Swiss neurologist Julien Bo- Chuo WW2.2; Everett, p. 527; Muirhead, pp. 24–6. gousslavsky. Bogousslavsky (b. 1954) has published extensively on £3,250 [126241] Proust, Sollier, and their links to neuroscience, and by extension Bergson, not only due to his familial ties as Proust’s cousin, but Inscribed to Pierre Janet also in relation to Bergson’s work on memory and perception. This is Bergson’s classic philosophical investigation, the best and 11 most influential social theory of comedy, which originally ap- BERGSON, Henri. Le Rire. Essai sur la signification du peared serially in the Revue de Paris issues 7 and 8 (both published comique. Paris: Félix Alcan, 1900 earlier in 1900). It was first translated into English in 1911. See M. Brady Brower, Unruly Spirits: The Science of Psychic Phenomena in Mod- Octavo (178 × 115 mm). Contemporary dark blue quarter morocco, black ern France (University of Illinois Press, 2010). morocco spine label, raised bands, marbled paper boards, comb-marbled endpapers, edges sprinkled black. Bookplate of Swiss neurologist £2,500 [123156] Julien Bogousslavsky to rear free endpaper verso. Spine slanted, extremities a little worn, small tear to marbled paper of rear board, faint red

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 7 stood talking for some time together of Bishop Berkeley’s ingenious sophistry to prove the nonexistence of matter, and that every thing in the universe is merely ideal. I observed, that though we are satisfied his doctrine is not true, it is impossible to refute it. I never shall forget the alacrity with which Johnson answered, striking his foot with mighty force against a large stone, till he rebounded from it – I refute it thus” (Boswell’s Life of Johnson). See also item 50, Richard Fowler's Atempt to solve some of the difficulties of the Berkleyan [sic] controversy (1859). ESTC T77986; Keynes 5; Printing and the Mind of Man 176. £17,500 [121963]

13 BEVAN, G. Phillips. The Statistical Atlas of England, Scotland and Ireland. Edinburgh & London: W. and A. K. Johnston, 1882 Large folio (510 × 360 mm). Contemporary black half morocco, spine gilt in compartments, raised bands, blue hard-grain morocco boards with title lettered in gilt to front board, leaf-and-vine-patterned green endpapers, all edges gilt. With the 3 leaves of publishers advertisements to the rear. Title printed in black and red. With 45 maps in colour, some double-page. Near-contemporary ownership inscription of the American economist Correa Moylan Walsh (1862–1936) on the front free endpaper, dated 14 February 1901 from Belfort, Long Island, New York. Extremi- ties rubbed with a couple of knocks, corners bumped, black morocco stripped in places, endpapers foxed, overall a very good copy. first edition of the Victorian statistician’s atlas of the British Isles, the maps split into the following categories, each section accompanied by a detailed statistical analysis: agricultural; criminal; educational; geological and mining; hydrographical; industrial; legal; marine (commercial); military and naval; poorlaw and pauperism; political; population; railway and telegraph; re- ligions; and sanitary.

12 £700 [122440]

12 BERKELEY, George. A Treatise Concerning the Principles of Human Knowlege [sic]. Part I [all published]. Dublin: Aaron Rhames for Jeremy Pepyat, 1710 Octavo (207 × 133 mm). Contemporary blind-panelled calf. Housed in a custom brown quarter morocco solander case, spine lettered in gilt, brown cloth sides. Contemporary ownership signatures to title page, first dedicatory page and errata page, contemporary inked notes on pp. 40, 50, and 81. Discreet repair to extremities, a few marks to covers, occasional light soiling and a few blemishes to contents, light dampstaining to extremities of a few pages, wormholes repaired. A very good copy. first edition of Berkeley’s Treatise, the classic exposition of his philosophy of immaterialism as an antidote to lack of faith, prefaced with an influential essay on the philosophy of language. His most important work, it appeared only three years after his appointment as a junior fellow of Trinity College, Dublin; part two was never published, the manuscript having been lost in Italy along with other papers. Although Berkeley’s Treatise did not initially prompt much reaction, it came to have a profound effect on the intellectual life of the later 18th century, and was not uncontroversial. Famously, Dr Johnson was not an admirer: “After we came out of the church, we 13

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All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 9 14 [BIRCH, Thomas (ed.)] A Collection of the Yearly Bills of Mortality, from 1657 to 1758 inclusive. Together with several other Bills of an earlier Date . . . London: A. Millar, 1759 Quarto (255 × 205 mm). Recent quarter calf preserving contemporary marbled paper boards, red morocco spine label. With 7 printed folding tables. Baltimore library plate and their shelfmarks to pastedown, over earlier bookplate which has offset onto front free endpaper; pencilled additions to last few leaves. Rebacked and recornered preserving older endpapers, loosening and a little torn, slight dampstain at foot of second half. A very good copy. first collected edition. The earliest bills of morality for the City of London were published from 1582, but the bills were only published on a regular basis from 1657 onwards. These regular publications are here collected together, alongside earlier statistics from 1593 onwards. The collection includes essays on population growth by William Petty, John Graunt, Corbyn Morris, and John Postlethwayt. The notes are especially valuable for their bibliographic references. ESTC T128462; Garrison–Morton 1692.1; Goldsmiths’ 9460; Higgs 2065; Kress 5773. £2,750 [96632]

15 15 BLACKSTONE, Sir William. Commentaries on the Laws of England. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1767–9 would occupy him throughout his life, particularly that of the 4 volumes, quarto (262 × 214 mm). Contemporary calf recently rebacked to style, red morocco spine labels. Housed in custom brown slipcases. “Not-Yet-Conscious.” Vol. II with plate and folding genealogical table. Contemporary armorial Bloch (1885–1977) “stands alone in his attempt to graft on to the bookplate of Henrietta Willis to front pastedowns. Tips refurbished, cov- inherited doctrine [of Marxism] a complete metaphysic, cos- ers somewhat scuffed with some wear to edges, some occasional foxing mology, and speculative cosmogony in a gnostic and apocalyptic to contents but overall quite clean. An attractive set. style, inspired by the most varied sources . . . Most of the ideas first editions of vols. III and IV, third of vol. I, second of vol. II. “Blackstone’s great work on the laws of England is the extreme example of justification of an existing state of affairs by virtue of its history . . . Until the Commentaries, the ordinary Englishman had viewed the law as a vast, unintelligible and unfriendly machine . . . Blackstone’s great achievement was to popularize the law and the traditions which had influenced its formation . . . He takes a delight in describing and defending as the essence of the constitution the often anomalous complexities which had grown into the laws of England over the centuries. But he achieves the astonishing feat of communicating this delight, and this is due to a style which is itself always lucid and graceful” (PMM). £3,250 [111360]

16 BLOCH, Ernst. Geist der Utopie. Munich & Leipzig: Duncker & Humblot, 1918 Octavo. Original printed wrappers, gilt-lettered on front cover, with gilt insignia. Housed in a black morocco-backed cloth box. Ownership inscription to title page of Erna Magnus dated Heidelberg, 1920. Spine faded, wrappers a little chipped at extremities, short split to foot of front joint; internally a crisp, clean copy, uncut and largely unopened. first edition of Bloch’s first book, a treatise on the spir- it of utopian thought, in which he touches on themes which 16

10 Peter Harrington 146 that he was to develop throughout his life are contained in Geist der Utopie” (Kolakowski, Main Currents in Marxism III, pp. 421–3). From the library of Erna Magnus, with her ownership inscription to the title and a photograph of her loosely inserted. Born in Hamburg in 1896, she received her Ph.D. from Heidelberg Uni- versity and worked in social work in Berlin. From 1928 to 1933 she was a faculty member of the School of Social Work of the Arbeiter Wohlfahrt in Berlin and its chief instructor. £1,750 [126033]

17 BOCCARDO, Gerolamo. Dizionario della economia politica e del commercio cosi teorico come pratico. Utile non solo allo scienziato ed al pubblico amministratore ma eziandio al commerciante, al banchiere, all’agricoltore ed al capitalista. Turin: Sebastiano Franco e figli e comp., 1857-61 4 volumes, large octavo (267 × 185 mm). Contemporary quarter calf and marbled boards, vellum corners, spines ruled and lettered in gilt. Por- trait frontispiece of the author in vol. I, 4 charts (3 folding) in vol. III, lithographed promotional letter from the publisher laid in at front of vol. I. Joints and corners lightly rubbed, boards a little scuffed, intermittent spotting and the odd stain throughout due to poor paper quality, a very good copy. first edition of Boccardo’s dictionary of political economy, intended for the use of public servants and businessmen, and a major influence on the development of Italian economic study. Einaudi 550. £875 [123760]

The first modern attempt to create a complete system of political science

18 18 BODIN, Jean. Les six livres de la republique. Paris: Jacques de Puys, 1577 opment during the seventeenth century of the idea of the ‘social Folio (330 × 213 mm). Later 18th-century sheep over patterned blue pa- contract’. Thus Bodin was the first to set out clearly the argument per boards, skilfully rebacked preserving the original spine with red round which most political discussion centred in the 17th and calf label, compartments elaborately ruled and decorated in gilt, vellum 18th centuries, that law is merely an expression of the sovereign corners. Woodcut title page device, headpieces, and initials. With two will, but that where this reposes in an absolute monarch, it must ownership inscriptions to title page and a few annotations to the text. be mitigated by a customary or natural law. When the lawgiver’s Extremities worn and boards scuffed, corners bumped, hinges cracked law becomes unjust, it ceases to be valid and must be resisted” but firm, a little worm damage to endpapers, infrequent dampstain and (PMM). spotting to contents with a few small punctures to lower margins, overall a very good copy. Crahay, Isaac & Lenger F3a. See En français dans le texte 68; Printing and the Mind of Man 94a (first edition); Tchemerzine–Scheler I, p. 706. Third edition (the second authorised) of Bodin’s masterpiece, which “had an immense influence all over Europe. This is a £4,250 [118512] re-setting of the original edition of 1576, with a pagination jump from 519 to 552 and with 54 terminal pages of contents. The work is, in effect, the first modern attempt to create a complete system of political science. Its basis was the Politics of Aristotle, and it was through Bodin that Aristotle’s work came to exercise the influence on modern political thinking which has made him the father of modern democracy. Bodin was not content merely to reproduce his master, however; he added considerably from his own experience. Although like most 16th-century writers he approved of absolute government, he demanded its control by constitutional laws, in which respect he foreshadowed the devel-

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Complete with the very rare supplement Second edition thus, with pseudo-Thomas Aquinas’s and Jo- docus Badius Ascensius’s commentaries, first printed in Milan 19 (c.1500). Boethius is considered “the fundamental philosophical BOESNIER DE L’ORME, Paul. De l’esprit du gouvernement and theological author in the Latin tradition” and “one of the rare économique. Paris: Delalaine, 1775 philosophers whose thought, like Plato’s, cannot be neatly separated from the complex literary form in which it is expressed” Octavo (220 × 143 mm). Original blue paper boards, title in manuscript to (John Marenbon, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). The linguis- spine, uncut edges. Engraved head- and tailpieces. 20th-century book label and earlier manuscript library mark to front pastedown. Spine rolled, tically and philosophically intricate De consolatione philosophiae was boards a little soiled with a couple of knocks to extremities, endpapers vastly influential in the Middle Ages and remains of foundational skilfully repaired at the gutter, occasional marginal worm damage to con- importance to the modern philosophy of religion today. tents, overall a bright, clean copy. Badius Ascensius’s predominately philological commentary for first edition, with the extremely uncommon “Analyse . . . fait schoolboys was first published in 1498 and was extremely popu- par l’Auteur” bound in at the rear, OCLC locating just two copies lar in the following decades; the commentary of pseudo-Thomas of the supplement in institutional holdings worldwide (Stanford, often accompanied Badius’s in print. Danish National Library). This is the principal work of the French Adams B2293; Kaylor & Phillips II.D.2; Renaissance Rhetoric Short-title Cata- economist Paul Boesnier de l’Orme (1724–1793), “one of the most logue 1460-1700 4.1482. systematic and comprehensive expositions of economics of its £4,000 [117678] period” (Higgs). This copy has the imprint of Delalaine, and some have the imprint of Debure (as do the Mattioli and Sraffa copies): there is no priority established. It is both institutionally 21 and commercially scarce as the book was “suppressed because it BONNET, Victor. Questions économiques et financières à attacked the Fermiers Généraux” (Sraffa Library). propos des crises. Paris: Guillaumin et Cie., 1859 De l’esprit du gouvernement économique: Goldsmiths’ 11216; Higgs 6185; INED Octavo. Original buff printed paper wrappers, unopened. With the glass- 549; Kress S.4801; Mattioli 355; Sraffa 424; not in Einaudi. ine wrappers. Spine partially split, sewing still firm, a little light spotting £4,500 [120983] and marginal soiling, overall a very good copy. first edition of the financial publicist and editor’s work on the 20 role of currency reform in economic crises. Bonnet (1814–1889) “became a counsellor of state and a member of the Institute. He BOETHIUS. Boetius de consolatione. En lector wrote in the Revue des Deux Mondes from 1860 to 1884, in favour of candidissime Severini Boetii de consolatu philosophico the monopoly of a bank of circulation, a single standard (gold), deque disciplina scholastica divina opuscula . . . Venice: indirect taxation, and a reduction of the expenses of the budget” Ottaviano I Scoto & C., 1524 (Palgrave, p. 164). Bonnet is cited by Hayek in his Pure Theory of Cap- Folio (322 × 215 mm). Contemporary polished calf, red morocco label ital (1941) as one of the more important theorisers of commercial and two hand written paper labels to spine, spine and front boards elab- crises at the time; this work in particular is cited (Appendix II). orately decorated in blind. Bookseller’s ticket to front pastedown, neat Mattioli 382. Not in Cossa. ink annotations to title page. Minor wear to extremities and a few marks to boards, hinges cracked but firm, a little foxing and dampstains to con- £750 [114786] tents, an excellent copy.

12 Peter Harrington 146 22 23

22 23 BOSTMEMBRUN DE BOISMONTBRUN, F. Atlas du BOTERO, Giovanni. Della Ragion di Stato, Libri Dieci. capitaliste. Années 1797–1865; [with] Années 1866–1867; All’illustris. e reverendis. sig. il sig. Volfango Teodorico, [and] Année 1868. Paris: C. Robert, and E. Lebrault, Le Mans, Arcivescovo e Prencipe di Salczburg.&c. Venice: Appresso I 1866–9 Gioliti, 1589 3 parts in 1, complete. Large folio (555 × 400 mm), bound in contemporary Quarto (208 × 144 mm). 18th-century vellum over paste paper boards, polished cloth with decoration in gilt and blind. Part 1: 3 leaves (printed spine lettered gilt, blue green edges. Woodcut initials, head- and tailpiec- rectos only), 47 lithographed charts, many double-page. Part 2: 1 leaf, 15 es. Engraved bookplate of Franz Pollack Parnau to front pastedown, with lithographed charts. Part 3: 1 leaf, 39 lithographed charts. All printed on his armorial stamp to title verso. Occasional contemporary marginal fine white wove paper. One neat split to the cloth on the front joint, endpa- markings and “finis” added to the end of most books in ink. Occasional pers foxed and spotted, else an exceptional survival in such fine condition. light spotting, more severe in places; a very good copy. first and only edition of this extraordinarily rare attempt first edition of a neglected masterpiece in the history of eco- to quantify and graphically analyse the financial world from 1797 nomics. Schumpeter writes: “Divested of nonessentials, the ‘Mal- to 1868, covering the height of the industrial revolution. Impres- thusian’ Principle of Population sprang fully developed from the sively broad in its scope, the Atlas tackles banks, interest rates, brain of Botero in 1589: populations tend to increase, beyond any roads, railway construction, public buses, shipping, energy sup- assignable limit, to the full extent made possible by human fecun- plies, stocks, bonds, municipal finance, public markets, the Suez dity (the virtus generativa of the Latin translation); the means of sub- Canal, and much more. It was compiled, as Bostmembrun ex- sistence, on the contrary, and the possibilities of increasing them plains in the Avertissement, to complement the reading of financial (the virtus nutritiva) are definitely limited and therefore impose a newspapers in the hopes that the ‘capitalist reader’ would benefit limit on that increase, the only one there is; this limit asserts itself from the long-term view offered by the graphs, which he stress- through want, which will induce people to refrain from marrying es illustrate average values, rather than the precise day-to-day (Malthus’s negative check, prudential check, ‘moral restraint’) un- movements of the markets. OCLC locates just two copies of the less numbers are periodically reduced by wars, pestilence, and so Atlas, at the Bibliothèque Nationale and British Library. on (Malthus’s positive check). This path-breaking performance – Very little is known about the author, Pierre-Anne-Félix Bost- the only performance in the whole history of the theory of popu- membrun, except that he was a former student at the École Poly- lation to deserve any credit at all – came much before the time in technique who was later appointed to the post of receveur partic- which its message could have spread: it was practically lost in the ulier des finances for the commune of Saint-Calais. A number of populationist wave of the 17th century. But about 200 years after contemporary almanachs also note his successful application to Botero [1540–1617], Malthus really did no more than repeat it, ex- add to his surname the name of “de Boismontbrun”. cept that he adopted particular mathematical laws for the operation of the virtus generativa and the virtus nutritiva: population was to £7,750 [125508] increase ‘in geometric ratio or progression’” (pp. 254–5). Adams B2548; Goldsmiths’ 248; Kress 178; STC Italian, p. 122. Another edition was published in the same year in Ferrara by Baldini. £6,500 [126573]

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 13 the causes of the financial distress of France”, meaning his works were often prohibited there and most were not published until after his death (Palgrave I, p. 170). ESTC T129566; Goldsmiths’ 6496; Kress 3677. £4,250 [114663]

25 [BROWNE, Thomas.] The Holland Merchant’s Companion: or, Remarks on the Trade, Customs and Exchange of Holland with England. Containing, I. Some Remarks on Exchange in general; with Directions for the Accepting and Protesting a Bill of Exchange . . . Rotterdam: Printed by D. v. Eyk, for the author, 1748 Octavo (190 × 120 mm), pp. 84. Contemporary pink tawed pigskin and drab boards. Contemporary mathematical calculations to front free endpapers, last leaf annotated “This Book was made by Mr Tho.s Browne of the Firm Thomas Browne & Son, Ano 1748”, manuscript table of calculations handwritten on stiff card and dated 1705 loosely inserted. Spine rubbed and faded, boards worn and soiled; leaves ink-splashed and soiled in places, particularly O1–2, The Corn-Table, which shows considerable sign of use, inner lower corner of leaf O2 torn away, text unaffected, several leaves somewhat dog-eared; a good copy of a scarce work. first rotterdam edition, originally published in Norwich in 1715, of this useful manual for merchants trading between Holland and England, written by Thomas Browne, who clearly appears to 24 have been actively involved in commerce between the two countries. The present work is very scarce as guides such as this would have been in constant use, with a very small survival rate; ESTC 24 locates only the copy at York University and the copy from the col- BOULAINVILLIERS, Henri de. Etat de la France, lection of the economist George Pryme at Cambridge. dans lequel on voit tout ce qui regarde le gouvernment Hanson 2141. Not in Goldsmiths’ or Kress. ESTC locates only two copies ecclesiastique, le militaire, la justice, les finances, le of this edition, as stated above, and six copies of the 1715 edition. commerce, les manufactures, le nombre des habitans, £750 [120979] & en general tout ce qui peut faire connôitre à fond cette Monarchie. London: T. Wood & S. Palmer, 1727 "The fullest statement of Bukharin’s revised views on 3 volumes, folio (389 × 240 mm). Contemporary mottled calf, spines gilt- tooled in compartments, raised bands, red morocco lettering pieces, gilt industrial policy" fillet to covers with elaborate gilt cornerpieces, edges sprinkled red. En- graved folding map of France in vol. I. 18th-century armorial bookplate 26 of James Dashwood of Northbrook. Joints expertly repaired with other BUKHARIN, Nikolai. Zametki ekonomista. Moscow: discreet refurbishments, some light creasing and very occasional minor Gosudarstvennoe izdatel’stvo, 1928 foxing to contents, tiny chip to vol. II p. 41. A tall, very attractive set. Small octavo, pp. 55. Original cream paper wrappers printed in red and first edition, published posthumously, complete with the rare blue, wire-stitched. Previous ownership signature to front wrappers. Cov- third volume. Boulainvilliers’s work, an administrative survey of ers a little soiled, contents evenly browned, otherwise a very good copy. France, provides an essential account of the political and social first edition in book form, exceptionally rare, OCLC locating structure of the ancien régime. As with his other historical works, just one copy at the National Library of Sweden. This is Bukharin’s published in the years following his death in 1722, Boulainvilliers last major work, Notes of an Economist, his famous public warning strongly supports the right of the parlements and nobility against against Stalin’s five-year plan, which was first published as an arti- the absolutism of the king, political views which had led to con- cle in Pravda on 30 September 1928. Bukharin was formally removed troversy throughout his life. His work has recently been re-eval- from the editorship of Pravda the following June and from the leader- uated as an early work of French nationalism, focusing on the ship of the Comintern in July, and finally exiled from the Politburo in nation as opposed to the kingdom, and portraying an ancient, November 1929. His biographer Stephen Cohen calls Zametki ekono- inalienable Frankish constitution which Bourbon absolutism was mista “the fullest statement of Bukharin’s revised views on industrial undermining (Bell, The Cult of the Nation in France, pp. 57–9). policy and his objections” to Stalin’s approach (p. 455). Henri de Boulainvilliers (1658–1722) “was an admirer of Feudal- See Stephen Cohen, Bukharin and the Bolshevik Revolution. A Political Biogra- ism, and would have liked to restore ‘feudal liberty’, the decay phy: 1888–1938 (1980). of which seemed to him the cause of the miseries of the people; but his chief merit lay in the frankness with which he laid bare £1,100 [120529]

14 Peter Harrington 146 26 28 29

27 the ‘new school’ of Ricardo, who Cooper found to be “the second great father of political economy because of his doctrine of rent” COOPER, Thomas. Lectures on the Elements of Political (Dorfman). Economy. Columbia, SC: Printed by Doyle E. Sweeny, 1826 Kress C.3707 (dated 1834); not in Goldsmiths’ or Einaudi. See Dorfman, Octavo (217 × 142 mm). Contemporary half calf, spine ruled and tooled in The Economic Mind in American Civilization 1606–1865 II, p. 527ff. gilt, red morocco spine label, single floral roll in gilt to covers, marbled sides, endpapers, and edges. White paper library label to base of spine, £2,500 [120622] bookplate to front pastedown, contemporary ownership inscription and ink stamp of New Jersey Historical Society to title page. A little wear to extremities, foxing to the book block, a few pencil annotations in the 29 margins. Otherwise a very good copy. COURNOT, Antoine Augustin. Principes de la Théorie first edition. An English-born reformist, Thomas Cooper (1759– des Richesses. Paris: L. Hachette et Cie, 1863 1839) joined South Carolina College in Columbia in 1819 as professor Octavo (212 × 130 mm). Contemporary French brown quarter roan, spine of chemistry before becoming president of the college in 1820. He with raised bands with blind-stamped roll decoration, gilt lettered, mar- wrote on a wide variety of topics including politics, metaphysics, re- bled paper sides and endpapers, sprinkled edges. Spine faded, joints and ligion, science, economics, and the law. The present work was “an corners lightly rubbed, occasional light spotting; a very good copy. influential textbook espousing the doctrine of laissez-faire” (ODNB), first edition. Cournot was the first “to visualize the general written in response to high tariffs on imported goods which were interdependence of all economic quantities and the necessity of designed to protect the industries of the northern states of America. representing this cosmos by a system of equations” (Schumpet- Goldsmiths' 24776; Kress C.1639. er, History of Economic Analysis, 1986, p. 467). In 1838 he published Recherches sur les Principes Mathématiques de la Théorie des Richesses. £2,250 [125022] Perhaps because he was primarily a mathematician and his work contained technicalities to which economists had been previous- 28 ly unaccustomed, it went almost unnoticed until its significance COOPER, Thomas. A Manual of Political Economy. was recognized by Marshall, Walras, and Jevons. The present work states his theory without the mathematics and develops it Washington: Duff Green, 1834 into a systematic doctrine. Because in the Recherches he “treated Small octavo (148 × 87 mm). Contemporary sprinkled sheep, rebacked, only questions where mathematical analysis was applicable . . . spine ruled and lettered gilt. Ownership inscriptions dated 1935 and 1944 the product was not a complete treatise on political economy but to front pastedown, blind-embossed stamp to title. Boards with light surface wear, corners rubbed, occasional light foxing; a very good copy. a selection of contributions to various specific topics” (Theo- charis, Early Developments in Mathematical Economics, p. 200). In the first edition, second issue, of Cooper’s manual of political Principes the results are united. economy, copyright dated 29 November 1833. The first issue is Mattioli 794; Sraffa 1122. dated 1833 on the title page. Called by Jefferson “the greatest man in America in the powers £2,250 [123005] of the mind and in acquired information”, Cooper was appointed to the state-supported South Carolina College in 1820, of which he soon became president. The present work, an abridgement of his earlier Lectures on the Elements of Political Economy (1826) follows

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 15 31 32

30 31 COXE, Tench. A View of the United States of America, in a CRAIG, John. Elements of Political Science. In Three series of papers, written at various times, between the years Volumes. Edinburgh: James Ballantyne and Co., 1814 1787 and 1794, interspersed with authentic documents, 3 volumes, octavo (210 × 130 mm). Contemporary polished tree calf, spine the whole tending to exhibit the progress and present lettered and decorated in gilt, edges yellow and sprinkled blue. Armori- state of civil and religious liberty, population, agriculture, al bookplates of Edward Strutt to front pastedowns, contemporary gift inscription to front free endpaper of vol. 1. Spines discreetly restored, exports, imports, fisheries, navigation, ship-building, extremities lightly rubbed, minor offsetting to front free endpaper from manufactures, and general improvement. Philadelphia: bookplates and facing pages from integral cloth markers, faint foxing to Printed for William Hall and Wrigley & Berriman, 1794 contents, an excellent set. Octavo (202 × 117 mm). Contemporary marbled sheep, red morocco spine first edition of the Scottish author’s analysis of government label. With 6 folding tables. Contemporary ink notation to front free end- rights and constitutional authority, a gift copy inscribed from paper, contemporary ownership signature to title page and following page, the Trustees of Manchester College, York, to Edward Strutt, 1st 19th-century ownership signature to title page. Tiny chip to foot of spine, Baron Belper, “as a Prize for Diligence, Regularity & Proficiency a few scratch marks to covers, some light foxing, slight discolouration to during the Session of 1817–18”. Strutt, for whom the title Baron final table, small paper fault to p. 339 not affecting text. A very good copy. Belper was created in 1856, was a first-year student at York at the first edition of this collection of essays by the American polit- time. He later became a liberal politician and served as the Chan- ical economist Tench Coxe (1755–1824), providing an important cellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. contemporary analysis of the economic developments of the “Craig’s Elements combines Godwin and Adam Smith, making the fledgling republic. Coxe had served as a Pennsylvania delegate to impartial spectator as anarchist the theoretical foundation for a the Continental Congress from 1788 to 1789. comprehensive text-book in the political sciences. It may have ESTC W29660; Sabin 17307. been intended for the new professional course which the Profes- £1,500 [126821] sor of Logic, George Jardine, wanted introduced at the Scottish universities . . . Craig’s work was immediately translated into German (Leipzig, 1816) in support of the old-liberal, anti-revolutionary cause” (Haakonssen, p. 156). See Knud Haakonssen, Natural Law and Moral Philosophy: From Grotius to the Scottish Enlightenment (Cambridge University Press, 1996). £3,250 [111949]

16 Peter Harrington 146 32 DAVENANT, Charles. Discourses on the Publick Revenues, and on the Trade of England. In two Parts. London: James Knapton, 1697–8 2 volumes, octavo (183 × 105 mm). Contemporary speckled calf, rebacked to style, brown morocco labels, raised bands, covers with a blind-stamped rule border with floral spray cornerpieces, all edges speckled red. With 4 folding tables. Pastedowns with armorial bookplate of Lord Sinclair and early manuscript shelf labels; 19th-century Basel University Library stamp to front free endpaper of vol. 1, half-title and titles; partially erased inscription to title in vol. 1. Boards rubbed, small insect damage to fore edge of front board of vol. 1, small hole to margins of title in Volume 1 and sig. Ccc2 in vol. 2. A very good copy. first edition of this important early work on economics. Sir Charles Davenant (1656–1714), MP and, at the end of his life, Inspector-General of Exports and Imports, took many years to become recognized as an economist of the first rank, a fact explained by the sophistication of his thought. Part I of the present Discourses contains five essays, on “Political Arithmetic” (described by Schumpeter as treating its subject with “unsurpassa- ble fairness”), credit, and other matters of public finance. Part II contains essays on trade. The Essay on the East-India Trade was first published in 1696. 33 Schumpeter classifies the “impressive total” of Davenant’s contributions to economic analysis under four heads: “(1) there is, merism, superstition, holy relics, and financial bubbles, with a implicit but clear, behind all his writings the awareness of the chapter devoted to the South Sea Bubble. logic of the relations by which things economic hang together; Not in Goldsmiths’ or Kress. . . . (2) he substantially improved . . . his epoch’s acquirements in £2,250 [126679] the theories of money and of international trade and finance; (3) he was one of the first authorities of his time on public finance – taxes, debts, and so on; (4) he was one of the few who under- 34 stood, and co-operated in, the work of Political Arithmetick” DE FINETTI, Bruno, & Ferruccio Minisola. La matematica (History of Economic Analysis, p. 211). per le applicazioni economiche. Rome: Cremonese, 1961 Einaudi 1435; ESTC R9868; Goldsmiths’ 3523; Kress 2074; Masui, p. 7; Tall octavo. Original printed wrappers lettered in red and black. Numerous Matsuda 2862; Waddell 3–4; Wing D306. tables and diagrams in the text. Unobtrusive blind stamp to the foot of the title, a few pencil calculations to margins. Wrappers rubbed and a little £3,250 [114857] marked, spine chipped with minor loss to the foot and to the lower corner of the front wrapper, contents very lightly toned, otherwise a very good copy. 33 rare first edition of this manual on mathematics applied to DAVENPORT, Richard A. Sketches of Imposture, economics by the influential Italian probabilist statistician and Deception, and Credulity. London: Thomas Tegg and Son, 1837 actuary Bruno de Finetti (1906–1985). De Finetti is chiefly noted Octavo (154 × 100 mm). Original beige cloth lettered in black, rear cover for both his “operational subjective” conception of probability with a listing of The Family Library. Engraved portrait frontispiece of Joan (developed in the 1920s independently of Frank P. Ramsey) and of Arc, illustrations in the text. Cloth a little cockled and discoloured in for his eponymous theorem on exchangeable sequences of ran- places, rear joint and head of spine professionally restored. Frontispiece dom variables. He was an honorary fellow of the Royal Statisti- and title spotted, with occasional light spotting elsewhere, overall a very cal Society, as well as a member of the International Statistical good copy. Institute and a fellow of the Institute of Mathematical Statistics. first edition of a scarce work on the history of frauds, delu- In 1974 he was elected a corresponding member, and then a full sions and deceptions, issued as volume 63 of the Family Library. member, of the Accademia dei Lincei. The de Finetti Award, pre- Davenport’s work predates Mackay’s more famous Memoirs of Ex- sented annually by the European Association for Decision Mak- traordinary Popular Delusions by some four years, and may well have ing, is named after him. been Mackay’s inspiration. “The author of ‘Sketches of Impos- £550 [124001] ture, Deception, and Credulity,’ aspires only to give, under various heads, a sample of the manifold frauds which have, in all ages, been successfully employed to frighten and gull mankind” (Advertisement). Among the subjects treated are alchemy, mes-

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 17 36

this work was published. “The tract exists in two variant settings, both with erroneous pagination though the text is continuous. In the second version, pagination runs 1–48 57–79” (Furbank, p. 191). “First attributed [to Defoe] by Lee . . . on p. 2, [it] contains the fa- vourite saying of Defoe ‘ . . . it had long since been receiv’d maxim in the case of war, that the longest purse, not the longest sword, would be sure to conquer at last’ (cf. An Essay upon Projects (5), the Review for 8 October 1706 and 28 December 1710); and the favour- ite conceit, ‘This coy mistress call’d credit’ (p. 3) (cf. the Review, 35 10 January 1706: ‘Money has a younger sister . . . call’d credit . . . this is a coy lass’, and The Complete English Tradesman (224), I, p. 418, in which credit is called a ‘coy mistress’)” (Furbank, p. 191). 35 Furbank 206P; Goldsmiths’ 5740; Moore 426. [DEFOE, Daniel.] The Chimera: or, the French Way of Paying National Debts, Laid open. Being an impartial £12,500 [122924] account of the proceedings in France, for raising a paper credit and settling the Mississipi [sic] stock. London: for T. Possibly a unique copy Warner, 1720 36 Octavo (193 × 122 mm), pp. [2], 32, 41-76. Early 20th-century tan calf by Riviere, gilt rule border to covers, gilt inner dentelles, neatly rebacked [DUCHESNE, lieutenant general of police in Vitry-en- preserving the original gilt decorated spine, red morocco labels, navy Champagne.] Code de la police, ou analyse des reglemens blue coated endpapers, top edge gilt, other edges red. Housed in a de police; divisé en douze titres. Par M. D. Conseiller du brown cloth flat-back box by the Chelsea Bindery. Bookplate of Harvard Roy. Paris: Prault père, 1757 University Graduate School of Business Administration to pastedowns, with cancellation stamp. Some surface wear to spine, hinges cracked but Duodecimo (168 × 94 mm). Contemporary red morocco, boards with firm, acquisition note in pencil (Quaritch, Catalogue 405, Dec 1926) and elaborate gilt foliate border, spine decorated gilt in compartments, bookseller’s printed catalogue slip tipped onto front free endpaper; a very marbled endpapers, gilt edges. Short split at head of front joint, corners good copy. lightly rubbed; ownership inscription cut away from front free endpaper; occasional light spotting, paper a little toned; a very attractive copy.` rare first edition of this comparative examination of credit One of two duodecimo editions published in 1757; OCLC lists in England and France with a comprehensive discussion of John copies with the same title, date and imprint, with xlii, (6) and 485 Law and the Mississippi scheme; the latter is discussed with a pages, whereas our copy comprises the title, 390 pages, plus the blend of admiration (in principle) and mistrust (in practice). De- leaf of approbation, with 3 leaves removed between the end of foe’s attitude towards credit can be gauged from his decision to the text and the leaf of approbation, which together with the title sell his shares in the South Sea scheme in 1719, the year before page seems to be printed on heavier paper. In our version, there

18 Peter Harrington 146 is no preliminary matter, no table of contents, and no chrono- logical table of the principal regulations concerning the police from 1254 to the date of publication, suggesting perhaps that it precedes the other printing. Duchesne divides his work into 12 parts, which discuss wide-ranging topics such as the role of the police, magistrates, and officers in society; religion and morals; the infrastructure of posts, horses and messengers; peace and public safety; and manufactures and mechanical arts. OCLC locates only nine copies of the 1757 edition, all of which have 485 pages. £1,100 [126367]

37 [DUPONT DE NEMOURS, Pierre Samuel.] Rapport sur le droit de marque des cuirs. Par un conseiller d’état. Paris: Veuve Goujon fils, 1804 Octavo (196 × 120 mm). Late 19th- or early 20th-century half calf and marbled boards by George J. Swayne of Brooklyn, spine decorated gilt in compartments, morocco labels, marbled edges and endpapers. Large folding table opposite page 28. Engraved armorial bookplate of Alexis and Eliza- beth du Pont of Rencourt to front pastedown. Lightly toned throughout, one or two spots; an excellent copy. first and only edition. A very rare book, printed in only a few copies for private distribution, as stated in the preface. Writ- ten originally in 1788 in opposition to regressive internal tax policy, specifically the tax on hides and leathers, it remained unpublished until this moment when that and other reactionary fiscal measures were about to be revived. A virtual treatise on taxation, it is a good illustration of the immense practical and theoretical knowledge that Dupont and his fellow physiocrats were able to bring to the debate over public policy. Schelle 82. Not in Saricks, and no copy listed in the Kress, Goldsmiths’, Einaudi, or Mattioli catalogues. OCLC lists only two copies: Yale and 39 Hagley Museum Library. £1,500 [113554] augmentations & des diminutions des valeurs numéraires des monnoyes. The Hague: chez Antoine van Dole, 1740 38 2 volumes, octavo (150 × 92 mm). Recently rebound to style in marbled DURKHEIM, Emile. Les Règles de la méthode calf, twin brown morocco labels, raised bands, compartments elaborately tooled in gilt with central flower tool, all edges red. Engraved vignette sociologique. Paris: Ancienne Librairie Germer Baillière et Cie, to titles, woodcut head- and tailpieces. With half-titles and 8 pp. publish- Felix Alcan, éditeur, 1895 er’s ad at rear of vol. 2. 10 folded leaves of tables. Light toning to endpa- Octavo (178 × 107 mm). Contemporary quarter cloth and marbled boards, pers. An excellent set in exceptionally bright condition. sprinkled edges. Bound without the terminal advertisement leaf; leaf Second edition of this important work, published two years after edges slightly toned but paper strong, a very good copy. the first.Reflexions politiques was first written in the form of three first edition of the founding manifesto of sociology, which letters to Melon in 1735 but not published until three years later. laid the ground-rules establishing it as a true science more akin Little is known of Dutot, save that he was a cashier in the Com- to chemistry and biology than psychology or ethnography. pagnie des Indes, founded by Law, whose system the author ex- Lukes (1895). amines favourably in the present work in which he also explains the reasons for its collapse in 1720. A major source of informa- £1,250 [123785] tion on the economic life of the late 17th and early 18th centuries, Reflexions politiques was first published in English in 1739. 39 Goldsmiths’ 7785. See INED 1695; Kress 4381. [DUTOT, Charles.] Reflexions politiques sur les £2,000 [84114] Finances et le Commerce, où l’on examine quelles ont été sur les revenus, les denrées, le change étranger, & conséquemment sur notre commerce, les influences des

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 19 40 EDMONDS, Thomas Rowe. An Enquiry into the Principles of Population, exhibiting a system of regulations for the Poor; Designed immediately to lessen, and finally to remove, the evils which have hiterto pressed upon the labouring classes of society. London: James Duncan, 1832 Octavo (223 × 140 mm). Later embossed cloth and grey paper boards, spine directly lettered gilt. Board corners worn, a few professional repairs to leaf edges and margins, marginal side-rule to one opening in blue ink, the odd finger mark or stain; a very good copy of a scarce title. first and only edition of this criticism of Malthusian theory in which the author considers various ways for the immediate amelioration of poverty – “the nutriment on which sedition feeds” (p. ix). “Thomas Rowe Edmonds (1803–1896) was probably one of the most competent statisticians of the middle of the nine- teenth century, with an extensive practical knowledge of conditions in London, where he worked for many years as an actuary. His Enquiry into the principles of Population . . . has perhaps the best description of the urban situation at the time. Population was increasing there at a slower rate than in the country. He ascribed this not only to the sickliness of town life, because in fact there was better medical attendance to be had there, ‘ . . . and there are more comforts and foreign commodities, considered now as necessaries rather than as luxuries, procured with facility’. It is rather the ‘greater efficacy of the preventive check’ which distin- guishes town life, at least where it has a chance to operate. Not in the very poor and crowded quarters, where privations are as great as ever, but in the new salubrious outer districts where wealth and respectability grow, there will prudence lead to a slower rate of increase” (Eversley). Among his suggestions were national re- organization of poor relief, national insurance for workers, con- 41 struction by the state of public utilities, town planning, and the encouragement of education and of a free press. his host: its subject matter is a brilliant, biting satire on the folly Goldsmiths’ 27338; Kress C.3126. See Eversley, Social Theories of Fertility and to be found in all walks of life . . . Whenever tyranny or absolute the Malthusian Debate, p. 42ff. power threatened, The Praise of Folly was re-read and reprinted. It is a sign of what was in the air that Milton found it in every hand £2,250 [126681] at Cambridge in 1628. His inherent scepticism has led people to call Erasmus the father of 18th century rationalism, but his ra- 41 tionalist attitude is that of perfect common sense, to which tyr- ERASMUS, Desiderius. The Praise of Folie. Moriae anny and fanaticism were alike abhorrent” (PMM). Encomium A Book Made In Latine By That Great Clerke First published in Paris in 1511, the Moriae Encomium was reprint- Erasmus Roterodame. Englisshed By Sir Thomas ed in a large number of editions in its original form before any Chaloner, Knight. Anno M.D.XLIX. [London: in the house of vernacular translation was published. Pforzheimer suggests that, Thomas Berthelet, 1569 [recte 1549] in light of the intended Latinate audience, the free movement of Latin books and unbound sheets, and the contemporary pref- Small quarto (181 × 130 mm). 19th-century brown crushed morocco by erence (at least in England) for continental printing, a transla- Jenkins & Cecil (their stamp to foot of front free endpaper verso), boards ruled in gilt with crowned thistle and floral tools at corners, banded tion was simply not required. Thomas Chaloner (1520–1565), the spine with title gilt and rules and tools in six compartments, turn-ins Cambridge-educated English translator, strove to remain faithful with elaborate tooling in gilt, marbled endpapers, gilt edges. Housed in to Erasmus’s tight, lean style, resulting in a work of lasting im- a dark brown quarter morocco solander box by the Chelsea Bindery. Title portance that had a very considerable influence on English litera- printed within elaborate allegorical woodcut frame, two elaborate 10-line ture in general and more particularly on Shakespeare. Chaloner’s woodcut initials, publisher’s device on last leaf verso; black letter text text appears the direct source for monologues in As You Like It and with quotations in italic and proper nouns in Roman types. Outer leaves The Tempest, and analysis of Shakespeare’s verbal usage has iden- slightly browned, small paper repairs to inner margin of last leaf, text not tified several instances where a word from Chaloner is used in affected, an excellent copy. Hamlet and in few, if any, other instances. first edition in english of one of the most notable works The first edition of Chaloner’s translation is genuinely rare: Miller of the Renaissance. “The Praise of Folly was written when Erasmus is his 1965 census lists 14 copies in institutions worldwide (two are was staying in the house of Thomas More in the winter of 1509– defective) but makes clear the difficulty of distinguishing the first 10. Its title is a delicate and complimentary play on the name of

20 Peter Harrington 146 41 and second editions and adds the additional difficulty of the mis- of the way nations advance morally and materially towards the print in the original STC entry that has created variants that are state of commerce, refinement, and liberty associated with really ghosts. It seems probable that there are further institutional 18th-century Britain” (ODNB). Ferguson made a distinctly mod- holdings of this edition, but apparent absences at the Folger Li- ern economic analysis of morality, arguing that the danger was brary, the Getty, and the New York Public Library, and the dearth of not luxury, but political laziness, or a reluctance to fulfil the du- copies at auction since the 1950s, indicate the work’s rarity. ties of citizenship. Identifiably Scottish without being overtly so, Miller A; Pforzheimer 359; Printing and the Mind of Man 43 (first edition, Ferguson followed Montesquieu by acknowledging a great vari- 1511); STC 10500. See the Early English Text Society edition edited by ety of factors, climatic and geographic, as well as cultural and Clarence H. Miller, “The Praise of Folie” (Oxford University Press, 1965); moral, affecting the rise and fortunes of polities in Europe and see Shakespeare Survey: An Annual Survey of Shakespearian Study and Production, beyond. “Of special significance was theEssay ’s impact on the vol. 27 (Cambridge University Press, 1974). early attempts at creating the disciplines of social sciences by £95,000 [108395] Ferguson’s contemporaries at the University of Göttingen. They were impressed by his comparative attitude to societies ancient 42 and modern, and by his attack on Rousseau’s concept of the state of nature. Ferguson’s approach inspired a comparative ethnogra- FERGUSON, Adam. An Essay on the History of Civil phy that went beyond the traditional dichotomy between ‘primi- Society. Edinburgh: for A. Millar & T. Cadell, London; and tive’ and ‘civilized’, and tried to map the varieties of social mores A. Kincaid & J. Bell, Edinburgh, 1767 without grading them on a strict ladder of historical progress” Quarto (258 × 210 mm). Contemporary speckled calf, rebacked to style (ibid.). “Ferguson is today remembered for his Essay . . . he was preserving the original red morocco label, edges sprinkled red. Housed what we would now call an intellectual historian, tracing the in a red cloth flat-back box. Shelfmarks in ink to front pastedown, early gradual rise of the human mind from barbarism to political and ownership signature of Sir John Halkett to title page. Extremities worn, social refinement . . . Debates between Reid, Dugald Stewart, some stripping to boards with a single spill-burn to front, endpapers Hume, Adam Smith, Lord Kames and Ferguson himself reveal browned from turn-ins, some dampstain to upper margins and horizon- Scottish philosophy in general to be important sociologically . . . tal creasing to pages, else a very good, well-margined copy with occasion- His discussions of politics, economics, history, aesthetics, litera- al faint spotting. ture and ethnology were the synthesis of the thought of his time” first edition of Ferguson’s masterpiece, a key text of the (Encyclopedia of Philosophy III, p. 187). Scottish Enlightenment, with a fitting provenance: likely Sir ESTC T76205; Goldsmiths’ 10264; Higgs 3973; Kress 6432. John Halkett, 4th Baronet (1720–1793), a fellow member of Ed- inburgh’s Select Society alongside Ferguson, Hume, and Smith. £4,500 [125795] “The Essay touched a chord in its British readers because it offered a detailed, colourful, non-deterministic historical account

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 21 but mythological – the wished-for fulfilment of Old Testament prophecies. Fichte published his justification of the French Revolution shortly before his appointment to the University of Jena, and it was probably to preserve this position that he never published the third part. Fichte’s analysis of the necessity of rebellion against unjust rulers anticipates his nationalist speeches to the German nation delivered in 1807–8, by which point he had become disillusioned with the Revolution under Napoleon, and felt that Germany was best placed to take the principles of the Revolution forward. £3,000 [124907]

44 FICHTE, Johann Gottlieb. Das System der Sittenlehre nach den Principien der Wissenschaftslehre.Jena and Leipzig: Christian Ernst Gabler, 1798 Octavo (197 × 114 mm). Recent marbled boards, red paper spine label lettered gilt. Occasional light spotting throughout, as usual, the odd minor stain; a very good copy. first edition of Fichte’s principal work of ethics, in which he develops the view of moral activity as a free commitment of the will in disregard of desires and empirical conditions. £625 [121988]

43 45 From the library of David Strauss FISHER, Irving. The Purchasing Power of Money. Its determination and relation to credit interest and crises. 43 New York: The Macmillan Company, 1911 FICHTE, Johann Gottlieb. Beitrag zur Berichtigung der Octavo. Original green cloth, spine ruled and lettered gilt. With 2 fold- Urtheile des Publikums über die französische Revolution. ing charts and several illustrations in the text. Ownership inscription of economic historian W. J. Ashley to front free endpaper, bookplate of the Erster Theil. Zur Beurtheilung ihrer Rechtmässigkeit. Oxford University Extension Lectures Travelling Library to front paste- [Danzig: no publisher stated], 1793 down. Hinges professionally restored, rust marks from a loosely inserted 2 parts in 1 small octavo volume (160 × 94 mm). Original interim drab pamphlet (no longer present) to gutter of front endpapers, short tear to boards, paper spine label lettered by hand in ink, red edges. Complete one fold of a chart; underlining and marginal annotations in pencil and with the errata leaf. Woodcut diagram to p. 158 of part I. Contemporary in ink, a very good copy. ornate signature to pastedown and note of author on front free endpa- first edition, in which Fisher “completely recast the theory of per. Extremities lightly rubbed, lettering to spine label partly eroded, money, giving a full demonstration of the principles that deter- small ink splash to title, occasional light spotting and a few leaves lightly mine the purchasing power of money in the formal framework browned. A very good copy. of the equation of exchange and applying these principles to the first edition, parts I & II, all published, of Fichte’s defence of study of historical changes in purchasing power” (IESS). the French Revolution, from the library of the German philoso- Fisher, M-169; IESS (1911). pher David Strauss, with his ownership signature dated 1832 to the front free endpaper. Strauss is best known for his Das Leben £2,750 [119486] Jesu, published in 1835, a highly controversial but also pains- takingly scholarly investigation of the events of Christ’s life as 46 told in the gospels, in which he found them to be not historical, FISHER, Irving. Mathematical Investigations in the Theory of Value and Prices. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1925 Octavo. Original black cloth, spine and front board lettered in gilt. 2 photographic frontispieces and numerous diagrams to the text. Spine faded, ends and corners bruised, light toning to margins, otherwise a bright copy. Royal Statistical Society stamps to front free endpaper and title page, dated 10 February 1926. first edition in book form, publisher’s presentation copy, of the “startlingly original PhD thesis” (Blaug) which ex- 43

22 Peter Harrington 146 45, 46, 47, 48 pounds the monetary theories for which Fisher became famous first edition, first printing. Based on lectures given in the and established his international reputation. summer of 1927 before the Geneva School of International Stud- This is a photo-engraved reprint of Fisher’s doctoral work, first ies, this work’s aim “is to show how unstable in buying power published in the Transactions of the Connecticut Academy of Arts and are all monetary units, including the dollar; what hidden causes Sciences in 1892. “Fisher’s aim in his Mathematical Investigations was produce that instability; what harm results, although ascribed to to present a general mathematical model of the determination of other causes; and what are the various remedies which have been value and prices. He claimed to have specified the equations of tried or proposed” (Preface). general economic equilibrium for the case of independent goods Fisher M-1344. (chapter 4, sec. 10), although the only mathematical economist £1,750 [123994] whose work he had consulted was Jevons. With commendable honesty he recognizes the priority of Walras’s Eléments d’économie politique pure (1874) as far as the equations of the general equilibri- 48 um are concerned and likewise the priority of Edgeworth’s Math- FISHER, Irving. The Theory of Interest; as determined by ematical Psychics (1881) as regards the concept of utility surfaces. It Impatience to spend income and Opportunity to invest it. appears that, although only a student, Fisher had independently New York: The Macmillan Company, 1930 developed a theory of general economic equilibrium that was Octavo. Original dark blue fine-ribbed cloth, spine lettered in gilt and identical to part of Walras’s and included the concept of the in- with single gilt rules at head and tail, front cover blocked in blind. With difference surface, one of the fundamental bases of modern eco- the dust jacket. With 3 folding tables. Printed errata slip tipped-in at p. nomic theory” (IESS V, pp. 476-7). vii. Japanese bookseller’s ticket to rear free endpaper. Jacket very lightly This copy is inscribed, “From the Publishers (Humphrey Milford) dust soiled, price clipped and repriced $6.00, one or two pale spots, else Price 4/6 net” on the front free endpaper. Milford (1877–1952) was a very fresh copy in an excellent jacket, very rare thus. the head of the London office of Oxford University Press and his first edition, first printing, of Fisher’s Theory of Interest, a name “became a familiar mark on Oxford books, distinguishing revised version of his earlier book The Rate of Interest (1907). Dedi- London volumes from the Clarendon Press imprint that appeared cated to John Rae and Böhm-Bawerk, it is a further development on works which the delegates supervised at Oxford” (ODNB). As of their ideas: “its greatness as a book lies wholly in its outstand- such, his name appears on the title page of this copy. ing pedagogic qualities . . . [which] amounted to the demonstra- Batson, p. 134; Fisher E-8. See Blaug, Great Economists before Keynes (1986), tion that the real rate of interest is determined by both demand pp. 77–81. and supply, by the demand for production and consumption loans on the one hand and the supply of savings on the other” £2,500 [121008] (Blaug, Great Economists before Keynes, p. 79). Fisher E-1539; IESS 1930a. 47 £3,750 [120448] FISHER, Irving. The Money Illusion. New York: Adelphi Company, 1928 Octavo. Original green cloth, spine and front cover lettered in black. With the dust jacket. Previous ownership inscription to front free endpaper. Spine ends lightly rubbed and bumped, book block cracked but firm at pp. 16–7 and 32–3, overall a clean copy in the worn dust jacket, chipped and torn at edges, with a few tape repairs to extremities and some minor loss to spine.

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 23 49 50

The first French work on economics using first edition, presentation copies, inscribed by the author to George Matcham with his “kind regards”. In each mathematical argument pamphlet Fowler contends with Berkeley’s arguments against 49 matter, striving to explain their obscurities through the use of accessible biological and medical examples. Fowler (1765–1863) FORBONNAIS, François Véron de. Élémens du commerce. was the leading physician at the Salisbury Infirmary. It is likely Leiden, et se trouve à Paris: Chez Briasson [& 3 others], 1754 that he met the antiquarian George Matcham (1789–1877) locally. 2 volumes, octavo (161 × 96 mm). Contemporary red morocco, spines One year after the publication of these pamphlets Fowler found- with elaborate gilt floral scrollwork and lower floral-grape band, boards ed the Salisbury and South Wiltshire Museum; Matcham also with triple-ruled border, floral corner motifs, and armorial crest of lived in Wiltshire and had published a history of the county in Jean-Baptiste de Machault d’Arnouville blocked to centre, gilt inner den- 1834. His father was the explorer George Matcham (1753–1833), telles, marbled endpapers, gilt edges, green silk markers still attached. Ink annotation to errata leaf of volume 1. Extremities lightly worn, con- brother-in-law of Nelson, and in 1861 Matcham the younger pub- tents evenly browned with a few small tears and spots of dampstain, oth- lished a collection entitled Notes on the Character of Lord Nelson. erwise an excellent set. Jessop, A Bibliography of George Berkeley, p. 78. See Lynn McDonald (ed.), first edition of Forbonnais’s major work, “the first French Collected Works of Florence Nightingale, vol. 6 (Wilfrid Laurier University Press, 2004), p. 513. work on economics using mathematical argument” (The New Palgrave II, p. 396), from the library of Jean-Baptiste de Machault £750 [121151] d’Arnouville, the comptroller general of finances from 1745–54. Goldsmiths’ has the second edition of Élémens du commerce from 51 Machault d’Arnouville’s library. FRANKFURTER, Felix. Photograph portrait, signed and Einaudi 1922; Goldsmiths’ 8923; Higgs 747; Kress 5347. inscribed by Frankfurter to a young female law student, £5,750 [120542] Ellen Nash, the sole woman graduate of her law class and later one of the first women to practice law on Charlottesville 50 Court Square. New York: the Pach Brothers, [c.1950] FOWLER, Richard. An attempt to solve some of the Monochrome photograph by the Pach Brothers studio, signed in black difficulties of the Berkleyan [sic] controversy, by well- ink below the image on the white mount, further mounted and framed. Image size: 205 × 177 mm. Frame size: 360 × 270 mm. The image and ascertained physiological and psychological facts; mount in fine condition. [together with] A second physiological attempt to unravel A handsome three-quarter length portrait of Frankfurter, seated some of the perplexities of the Berkleyan [sic] hypothesis. in judicial robes, facing left, inscribed by him, “For Enie Nash, Salisbury: printed by James Bennett, [1859] with every good wish for her successful practice of the public pro- 2 pamphlets, octavo (22 pp.; 7 pp.). Original paper wrappers printed in fession of the law, from her devoted friend, Felix Frankfurter”, black, sewn as issued. Lightly browned with some vertical creasing, a lit- dated 15 January 1950. tle dampstain to extremities and a few ink marks to wrappers, light impression to rear wrapper of first pamphlet from removed postage stamp, Ellen “Enie” Virginia Nash (1910–1995) was a pioneering female both overall in very good condition. practitioner of law in Virginia. She was the niece of Frances Nash Watson, the eminent American concert pianist and wife of General

24 Peter Harrington 146 52

the United States. It has been regularly chosen to illustrate bi- ographical accounts, such as his entry in Shultz’s Encyclopedia of American Law (2002) and a variety of modern legal histories such as Belknap’s The Supreme Court Under Earl Warren (2005). See the Guide to the Pach Brothers Portrait Photograph Collection 1867–1947, 51 New-York Historical Society (2011); the photograph of Frankfurter is in Box 3, Folder 25; L. Anderson Orr & Lee Jordan-Anders, “Frances Nash Edwin “Pa” Watson, Roosevelt’s military aide and secretary. The Watson: Aristocrat of the Keyboard in Bois de Rose” (Virginia Wesleyan Watsons lived in a house called Kenwood, designed by Roosevelt’s College, 2005). cousin, the architect William A. Delano; Roosevelt himself had a £975 [123174] cottage for his own use nearby. Presumably through Roosevelt, Frankfurter became a close friend of the Watsons. He and Franc- 52 es maintained a regular and affectionate correspondence, and a photograph of Frankfurter inscribed to Frances was on display at FRANKLIN, Benjamin. Œuvres. Traduites de l’anglois sur Kenwood alongside others, similarly inscribed (Orr & Jordan-An- la quatrième édition par M. Barbeu Dubourg. Avec des ders). It was no doubt through his association with the Watsons additions nouvelles. Paris: Chez Quillau, Esprit, et l’Auteur, 1773 that Frankfurter befriended their niece, Ellen Nash, who graduated 2 volumes in 1, quarto (250 × 190 mm). Contemporary cats-paw calf, red from the University of Virginia as the sole woman of her law class morocco title label, spine decorated gilt in compartments, boards ruled in and was one of the first women to practice law on Charlottesville blind, marbled endpapers, all edges red, green silk book marker. Engraved Court Square. She was extremely active in local and national poli- portrait frontispiece and 12 other plates, head- and tailpieces. Book label tics, and alongside her work with the Civil Works Administration of 19th-century Italian publisher Leo S. Olschki to front pastedown; a few (later WPA), she was elected Secretary-Treasurer of the Charlottes- contemporary or early corrections in ink. Joints expertly repaired, minor scuffing to boards, small puncture to front free endpaper, prelims slightly ville-Albermarle Bar Association fifteen times, earned her pilot’s toned, sporadic dampstains to margins, the occasional light spot. A very license in 1945, and was a member of the Democratic party and good copy. served on the County Electoral Board from 1973–9. She remained first collected edition in french of the author’s works. in Charlottesville until her death at the age of 85. The first part is entirely devoted to electricity and includes pre- The likeness was taken by the Pach Brothers, one of the oldest viously unpublished pieces. Translated by Jacques Barbeu-Du- photographic firms companies in New York City, first established bourg (1709–1779) from the fourth edition in the original Eng- in the mid-1860s and best known for their portraits of nationally lish. A close friend of Franklin and his translator and publisher prominent members of society, including every American pres- in France, Barbeu-Dubourg was also the inventor of a portable ident from Ulysses S. Grant through Franklin D. Roosevelt and lightning rod. figures such as Maude Adams, Charles Chaplin, Oscar Hammer- Ford 315. See Printing and the Mind of Man 199 for the edition in English. stein, and Mark Twain. This portrait of Frankfurter is held in the Pach Brothers Portrait Photograph Collection at the New-York £1,250 [98387] Historical Society and the Collection of the Supreme Court of

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 25 53 FRANKLIN, Benjamin. The Complete Works in Philosophy, Politics, and Morals. Now First Collected and Arranged; with Memoirs of his Early Life, Written by Himself. Second edition. In three Volumes. London: Printed for Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, [1811] 3 volumes, octavo (225 × 140 mm). Modern half calf, marbled paper boards, red morocco spine labels, compartments and raised bands ruled and decorated in gilt, edges uncut. Engraved portrait frontispiece to vol. I, 3 vignette title pages as issued, 4 plates in vol. I and 9 in vol. II, some folding. Small tears to sig. B6 and M2 of vol. I, the former obscuring a little text, tissue repair to fore edge of sig. A4 of vol. II, very minor foxing to contents, overall a very good set. Second edition (first 1806), a reissue of the first edition with the change of printed titles and lacking the publisher’s advertisements to the end of volume III as issued. A collection of the revolutionary politician and natural philosopher’s letters and papers which discuss his ground-breaking experiments in electricity as well as his thoughts on a wide variety of subjects including as- trological phenomena, magnetism, naval navigation techniques, the structure of education, the slave trade, economy, and his account of the American Revolution. Franklin’s reputation as the 54 first great American scientist rests on his work on electricity; his accounts of experiments using Leyden bottles, lightning rods, tianity in particular and may perhaps be seen, along with H. G. and charged clouds are extensively recorded in his papers, many Wells, as the most important exponent of secularism in the twen- of which were published for the first time in 1806. tieth century” (ODNB). Jared Sparks has noted that “the editor [of this edition] was a Mr. Printing and the Mind of Man 374. Marshall. His name is not connected with the work; but he per- formed his part with good judgement, and used much diligence £1,750 [126285] in searching for essays and papers, that had not before been comprised in any collection” (Ford p. 249). The index to all three vol- A masterpiece of philosophical writing umes is placed at the end of the first volume instead of the last “to render the volumes more equal” (Advertisement). 55 Ford 551. FREGE, Gottlob. The Foundations of Arithmetic. A £1,950 [117671] logico-mathematical enquiry into the concept of number. English translation by J. L. Austin. Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 54 1950 FRAZER, James George. The Golden Bough. A Study in Octavo. Original green cloth, spine lettered in gilt. With the dust jacket, price-clipped. With parallel German text. Extremities a little browned, Comparative Religion. In Two Volumes. London & New York: spine ends bruised, endpapers spotted, otherwise a bright, clean copy in Macmillan and Co., 1890 the slightly faded dust jacket with a few minor nicks. 2 volumes, octavo. Original green cloth, spines lettered in gilt, mistle- first edition in english of the German logician’s seminal toe design blocked to front covers in gilt, dark green endpapers, edges treatise clearly defining the link between numerical statements uncut. Frontispiece with tissue guard. Pencilled ownership signature to and the philosophical concepts they assert, first published as Die front free endpaper. Light wear to extremities, a few marks to cloth, mi- Grundlagen der Arithmetik: Eine logisch mathematische Untersuchung über nor foxing to initial and final leaves. A very good set. den Begriff der Zahl in 1884. Frege’s influence on Wittgenstein and first edition of Frazer’s ground-breaking study of comparative Russell in particular cannot be overstated, and in his and White- religion. “Frazer’s true subject is nothing less than humanity’s head’s preface to the Principia Mathematica (1910) Russell declared long upward struggle towards an understanding of itself and the that, “in all questions of logical analysis our chief debt is to Fre- world. In Frazer’s view that movement towards the light began in ge”. This English translation by Austin was far more favourably earliest times with the priest–king employing magic to compel received in 1950 than the original German text, which was harsh- the gods to do his bidding, followed by a religious stage in which ly critiqued upon publication. “Frege provides in the Grundlagen a humans admit their powerlessness and now beseech rather than non-technical philosophical justification and outline of the ideas command the gods. Thus for Frazer religion is a necessary stage that he was to develop technically in his two-volume work Grundg- in mental evolution, but one that is based on mistaken premis- esetze der Arithmetik (1893/1903)” (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). es; it has now in turn been superseded by a world-view based on rationality: positive science . . . In truth he was engaged all the £600 [121982] while in a covert campaign against religion in general and Chris-

26 Peter Harrington 146 56

56 GALBRAITH, John Kenneth. The Great Crash 1929. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1955 57 Octavo. Original orange cloth, spine and front board lettered in silver. Frontispiece illustration reproduced from The New Yorker Magazine. Spine piece recto. Spine sunned, ends and corners bumped, some faint marks ends and corners lightly bumped, extremities a little rubbed, otherwise to cloth, otherwise a very good copy. an excellent copy. first edition. Galton, a first cousin of Charles Darwin, is re- first edition, second printing, without the date on the title garded as the founder of eugenics and the word finds its first page, presentation copy inscribed by the author on the front free appearance in this work. “Most of his practical eugenic sugges- endpaper, “To Edward Collins with my thanks and warm regards, tions were for forms of what might be called positive eugenics: J. K. Galbraith, December 1959”. Galbraith was one of the 20th research programmes for discovering which diseases were he- century’s leading economists, lecturing at Harvard and serving reditary; tax schemes for encouraging intelligent people to mar- in the administrations of four US presidents. The Great Crash, an ry each other and to have large families. However, many of the economic and historical analysis of the stock market failure of people who took up the eugenic cause (and there were thousands 1929, was a bestseller and has remained in print since it was first of such people in many countries) were more interested in neg- published. ative eugenic measures (for example the sterilization of persons Zerden, p. 67. deemed ‘unfit’). Particularly after the lengths to which the Nazi regime in Germany took eugenic practice the word developed £750 [118422] ugly connotations and was subsequently dropped from the title of all the institutions that Galton had helped to found” (ODNB). 57 Hook & Norman I.866. GALTON, Francis. Inquiries into Human Faculty and its £650 [122576] Development. London: Macmillan and Co., 1883 Octavo. Original purple cloth, spine lettered in gilt, covers ruled in blind, black endpapers. Mounted photographic frontispiece with tissue guard, 4 plates, of which one is double-page and coloured, and numerous engraved illustrations to the text. Early ownership inscription to frontis-

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 27 58

58 GODWIN, William. An Enquiry concerning Political Justice, and its Influence on General Virtue and Happiness. London: Printed for G. G. J. and J. Robinson, 1793 2 volumes, quarto (295 × 228 mm). Uncut in original boards, rebacked with new paper spines, printed paper labels. Preserved in a custom made slipcase. With errata and directions to the binder leaf bound in vol. I. Contemporary ownership inscription to title of vol. I, another to front board of vol. I partly eroded. Sympathetically rebacked, with new printed paper labels, half-titles removed, front free endpapers refitted; occasional light spotting and the odd stain; a very good copy, rare in this condition. first edition, uncut in the original boards, of one of the most radical and far-reaching political tracts of the era, by the father of British philosophical radicalism. Published just weeks after the execution of Louis XVI, and written in response to Burke’s Reflections, Godwin’s tract attacks all restraints on the exercise of individual judgement – in the belief that human opin- 59 ions will become progressively more enlightened with the growth of knowledge. Among Godwin’s targets were established religion and marriage, and he believed that government itself would ul- 59 timately become unnecessary. The first edition is famously free (GOLD AND SILVER COINAGE.) Ordonnance et from the mediations and compromises that Godwin worked into instrvction selon laquelle se doibuent conduire & regler later editions, and which so vexed Percy Bysshe Shelley, who took doresenauant les Changeurs ou Collecteurs des pieces d’or this book, in its original form, as his bible. Godwin’s Political Jus- & d’argent . . . Antwerp: J. Verdussen, 1633 tice directly provoked Thomas Malthus to write his Essay on the Tall narrow quarto (306 × 96 mm). Contemporary vellum over boards. Principle of Population (1798). Woodcut imperial arms of Phillip IV on title page, woodcut initial, Adams, Radical Literature 40; Goldsmiths’ 15825; Kress B2529; Printing and with 3370 numismatic woodcuts in the text, reproducing the obverse the Mind of Man 243; Rothschild 1016. and reverse of each coin full scale. Early ownership inscription, “Le B: de Crassier de Maestricht”, to front pastedown, neat ink annotation to £8,750 [121489] sig. Dd2, and a small translucent paper cutting with a hand drawn coin, annotated in ink, laid in. Short cracks at head and foot of spine joints, lower front hinge partly split, half-title a little loose at gutter (but firmly held) and leaves of first gathering frayed at fore edges with a few chips, several leaves trimmed close at fore edges affecting outer edges of woodcuts, contents occasionally spotted, the final gathering foxed with some

28 Peter Harrington 146 These numismatic guides, which began to be published in the Low Countries at the end of the 15th century, were used by mon- eychangers who established themselves in harbour towns and traded money with merchants visiting from all over the world. As well as listing pertinent laws and regulations, these unusually shaped handbooks also served to detect counterfeit money: using the new art of printing, counterfeit coins were illustrated – such as those shown on fol. 2f2v, 2f3v, 2f4r, and 2g1r – to warn merchants. Hieronymus I. Verdussen (c.1553–1635), head of the Verdussen family, a printing dynasty from Antwerp, acquired monopolies for the printing of mint ordinances which he eventually passed onto his oldest son in 1625. A differently set and smaller octavo version was published the same year (no priority established). The Bibliotheca Belgica de- scribes the present printing as in “4to, format agenda”, and with two misprints on the title page; “ermes” (for “armes” in the title) and “euseigne” (for “enseigne” in the imprint), which indicates this to be the earlier, uncorrected version of the two, albeit listed after the other entry. A highly abridged quarto version was also published in 1633. As OCLC omits much relevant information, a definite count of copies of the individual editions is impossible; however, there appear to survive less than a handful of each. The early Maastricht ownership inscription suggests an attribu- tion to Guillaume-Pascal de Crassier (1662–1751), councillor of the prince-bishop of Liège, or possibly another member of the family, most of which were born in either Liège or Maastricht. Crassier was made a baron of the Holy Roman Empire in 1703, and was known as a collector and antiquary. Bibliotheca Belgica IV, O 112; Brunet IV, 210 (“Volume rare”); Goldsmiths’ 654. £5,000 [124016]

By the father of value investing and the “Dean of Wall Street” 60 GRAHAM, Benjamin. The Intelligent Investor. A Book of Practical Counsel. New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers, 1959 Octavo. Original black cloth-backed maroon cloth boards, spine lettered in gilt, publisher’s device to front board in gilt. With the dust jacket. Spine ends bruised, dampstain to top edge of book block, rear free end- 59 paper a little split at head of gutter, the jacket lightly soiled and chipped, else a very good copy, the cloth and lettering notably bright and clean. staining to lower edge of rear pastedown, which carries through to two Second revised edition (first 1949) of this popular investment clas- terminal leaves. A very good copy, unusually well preserved. sic, in which Graham, known as the “father of value investing”, the superior tall narrow quarto edition of this remark- forcefully expounds his investment philosophy. “Those who would able woodcut moneychanger’s manual, providing a comprehen- criticise Graham’s investment philosophy must contend with his sive guide to the gold and silver coins in circulation at the time spectacular investment record, purported to have returned about across Europe, accurately reproducing 1,685 different coins, 17 percent per annum from 1929 to 1956. Even worse, one must as well as establishing their respective values and prescribed now deal with the unabashed support and investment results of weights. With most currencies having undergone highly varying Graham’s most famous disciple, Warren E. Buffett, the most fa- percentages of their designated content of gold, silver, and cop- mous and successful stock investor of the twentieth century” (Ru- per during the Wars of Religion, these manuals were an indis- binstein, A History of the Theory of Investments, pp. 68–9). Indeed, pensable tool to establishing and assuring the value of coins in Buffet described The Intelligent Investor as “by far the best book on circulation across Europe at the time. Designed in a convenient, investing ever written”; it remains one of the best-selling and most portable format and published for immediate and constant prac- widely read investment books of all time. tical purpose, copies as well preserved as the present and in a See Dennistoun & Goodman 501 and Zerden, p. 23 (first edition). contemporary binding are remarkably rare. £600 [126648]

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 29 62

states the writer to be Petty, copied from Bishop Burnet’s 1723 work History of His Own Time. The work can best be attributed as a collaboration between Graunt and Petty; it is generally accepted that the arguments for Petty’s sole authorship are incorrect. ESTC R11688; Printing and the Mind of Man 144 (first edition); Goldsmiths’ 1757; Kress 1155; Geoffrey Keynes, Bibliography of William Petty, 71. £4,000 [126999]

61 Presentation to the first British Nobel laureate

61 62 GRAUNT, John. Natural and Political Observations HAGGARD, H. Rider. Regeneration. Being an Account Mentioned in a following Index, and made upon the Bills of the Social Work of The Salvation Army in Great Britain. of Mortality. With reference to the Government, Religion, Longmans, Green & Co., London, 1910 Trade, Growth, Air, Diseases, and the several Changes of Octavo. Original maroon cloth, titles to front board in blind and to spine gilt. Housed in a quarter black morocco slipcase, titles to spine gilt. 6 pho- the said City. London: Printed by John Martyn and James Allestry, tographic portraits including frontispiece. Small stain to title page offset to Printers to the Royal Society, 1665 half-title, later ink ownership inscription to front pastedown, brief annota- Octavo (161 × 99 mm). Recent orange-brown morocco, spine lettered in tion to rear free endpaper, nonetheless a bright and very fresh copy. gilt, new marbled endpapers preserving early front free endpapers. License first edition, presentation copy, inscribed by the author, leaf with engraved coat of arms of the Royal Society, 2 folding tables. Bound “To Ronald Ross, from H. Rider Haggard, Ditchingham, 12 Janu- without the terminal blank. Folding tables with closed tears, light staining ary 1911”, facing the title page. The recipient was Haggard’s friend, to pages, tiny chips to extremities not impinging on text, a little closely cropped, marginally grazing the heading on a1, tiny chip to G4 impinging the Nobel laureate Sir Ronald Ross (1857–1932). Awarded the No- text, short closed tear to N6 impinging text. A very good copy. bel for medicine (the first Briton to be awarded one) in recognition of his groundbreaking work abroad on the prevention and contain- Third edition, enlarged (first 1662). “The scientific study of the ment of malaria, the Indian-born Ross spent the latter part of his numbers, characteristics and territorial distribution of popula- career in Britain. His concerns were not merely epidemiological tions – today called demography – began with Graunt” (PMM). and Ross saw clearly that social conditions, poor housing, pover- Graunt drew up his statistical tables from the birth and death re- ty and disease were inextricably linked, a sentiment echoed in the cords of parish clerks. From this he constructed the first tables pages of the present book, this copy of which was presented from of life expectancy, and, through applying mathematical calcula- Haggard’s home at Ditchingham in Norfolk. tions to his data, was able to form important conclusions as to the social and economic conditions of the people. He formulated £950 [28655] principles that are now fundamental, including that the urban death rate exceeds the rural death rate, and that mortality is high- A Scottish classic est in the early and late years of life. His work noting the seasonal and annual variation of death rates, and their causes, proved 63 a major influence on future studies of epidemiology, including HAMILTON, Robert. An Introduction to Merchandise: those of William Farr and John Snow. Graunt was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society upon publication of the book, which proved containing, a complete system of arithmetic, a system of a great success, with five editions by 1676. The present third edi- algebra, forms and manner of transacting bills of exchange, tion had an added appendix with further observations, and a book-keeping in various forms, an account of the trade second folding table with new information from additional par- of Great Britain, and the laws and practices relating to ishes. William Petty had some role in producing the work and ed- sale, factorage, insurance, shipping, &c. Second edition, ited later editions; from the late 17th century onwards it has been corrected and revised. Edinburgh and London: Charles Elliott; commonly claimed that he was the real author, with the debate C. Elliott, T. Kay, and Co., 1788 as to the extent of his input still ongoing. The present copy has a manuscript note on the front free endpaper, dated 1795, which

30 Peter Harrington 146 63 65

Octavo in 4s (212 × 128 mm). Contemporary tree calf, flat spine ruled gilt, first edition in german, presentation copy, inscribed gilt-lettered red morocco spine label. Extremities very lightly rubbed. Oc- by the author on the front free endpaper, “Herrn Professor casional light foxing, one blank corner torn away; a very good, clean copy. Dr. Norbert Kloten, mit den besten Empfehlungen, F. A. Hayek, Second, corrected and revised edition of this famous work by the Scottish political economist and mathematician (1743–1829). He was born in Edinburgh and his working life began as a clerk with a firm of bankers during which period he, with other literary and political enthusiasts, formed the Speculative Society. In 1769 he became rector of Perth Academy and it was there that he published the first edition of this book in two volumes, 1777–9. 64 It is the present corrected edition, however, that which Bywater and Yamey in Historic Accounting Literature chose to write a chap- 16-1-78.” It was originally published in English in 1976 under the ter on, where they fully describe its contents, innovations and title Denationalisation of Money: An analysis of the theory and practice of importance. “A relatively small number of books indicated how concurrent currencies. accounting arrangements, by double entry or otherwise, could See Cody & Ostrem P-16a. be adapted to the recording of farming operations, whether on a large scale or small, or to manufacturing operations. Hamilton’s £850 [126091] Introduction to Merchandise . . . 1788, about half of which is given to ‘Italian Bookkeeping’, has short chapters on the accounts of 65 tradesmen (that is ‘artificers and manufacturers’), of land stew- HAYEK, Friedrich August von. The Road to Serfdom. ards and of farmers” (Yamey, Introduction to ICAEW, p. xix). Chicago: University of Chicago Press, for Laissez Faire Books, 1984 Herwood 236; ICAEW, p. 140; Kress B.1427. See Bywater & Yamey, p. 185ff. Octavo (200 × 130 mm). Original tan skiver, front cover with double-line £2,250 [105428] gilt rule borders, spine ruled, stamped and lettered gilt, edges gilt, wa- tered silk endpapers. Upper and outer edge of front board lightly faded; Inscribed copy a fine copy. special 40th anniversary signed limited edition, number 64 17 of 200 copies, signed by the author. With an additional foreword HAYEK, Friedrich August von. Entnationalisierung in which Hayek discusses how the first publication in 1944 was received in Britain and America. Hayek’s classic polemic against cen- des Geldes. Eine Analyse der Theorie und Praxis tralisation and collectivism, among the most influential and popular konkurrierender Umlaufsmittel. Tübingen: J. C. B. Mohr expositions of classical liberalism and libertarianism, was “far and (Paul Siebeck), 1977 away the most eloquent and straightforward statement of his politi- Octavo. Original green cloth, spine and front board lettered gilt, with the cal and economic outlook that [he] ever achieved” (ODNB). dust jacket. Dust jacket spine and top edge of front panel sunned; a very good copy. £3,750 [125500]

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 31 66 67

66 of post-Kantian idealism and was always more than merely a political or religious thinker” (Pinkard, p. 154). HEGEL, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. Differenz des Ficht’schen und Schelling’schen Systems der Philosophie £6,500 [125844] in Beziehung auf Reinhold’s Beyträge zur leichtern Übersicht des Zustands der Philosophie zu Anfang des 67 neunzehnten Jahrhunderts, 1stes Heft. Jena: Seidler, 1801 HEGEL, Georg Wilhelm Friedrich. Grundlinien der Octavo (192 × 112 mm). Contemporary marbled grey paper over paste pa- Philosophie des Rechts. Naturrecht und Staatswissenschaft per boards, paper spine label lettered gilt, red sprinkled edges. Joints and im Grundrisse. Berlin: Nicolaischen Buchhandlung, 1821 corners rubbed with loss of marbled paper, spine label vertically split, with one half missing, rear free endpaper removed. Ownership inscrip- Octavo (192 × 120 mm). Contemporary half mottled sheep and marbled tion at head of title, with another one crossed through, pencil underlin- boards, flat spine decorated gilt with Greek key and urn devices, red pa- ing and marginalia dated May 1924. per label lettered gilt, red edges. Joints and corners lightly rubbed, very occasional light spotting and the odd ink mark; a very good copy. first edition of Hegel’s first philosophical work, in which he attempted to show how Fichte’s Science of Knowledge was an ad- first edition, complete with the secondary title. Compiled vance from the position of Kant in the Critique of Pure Reason, and from a series of lectures the author gave at Heidelberg University, how Schelling (and incidentally Hegel himself ) had made a fur- Elements of the Philosophy of Right is generally considered to be one ther advance from the position of Fichte. of the greatest works of political philosophy. Although the imprint states 1821 The Philosophy of Right was published in 1820, as “This small monograph defined Hegel for the next several years Hegel expected publication to be delayed by censorship. in the public eye: To the philosophical public, he had emerged Croce I, 4; Printing and the Mind of Man 283. on the scene rather suddenly as a follower of Schelling who had drawn a line between Fichte and Schelling in support of Schell- £3,500 [122978] ing’s understanding of what was required of the post-Kantian project. Despite that general reception, however, the work was not a 68 purely Schellingian effort. In his efforts to mold himself into a systematic philosopher, [Hegel] began by defending Schelling’s HEYD, Wilhelm. Geschichte des Levantehandels im own ideas and terminology in a different way than Schelling him- Mittelalter. Stuttgart: J. G. Cotta’schen Buchhandlung, 1879 self had done, bringing to bear on this task his own, very similar 2 volumes, octavo (215 × 135 mm). Contemporary black half morocco, spine ideas that he had worked out in his conversations with Hölderlin in compartments separated by gilt double rules enclosing blind-stamped in Frankfurt. The result was a highly original, ‘Hegelian’ text that single rules, titles to second and fourth gilt, floral roll to head and foot gilt, white and purple endbands, marbled sides, edges sprinkled red. Library nonetheless offered itself to the public as a piece of ‘Schellingian’ stamps to versos of title pages. Spines slightly faded, light wear to corners, philosophy. It also showed that Hegel was hard at work during top corner of vol. I front board bumped with minor abrasion, small patches this period on the most fundamental issues in the development of foxing to pastedowns, leaves toned. A very good copy.

32 Peter Harrington 146 first edition. In 1082, the Byzantine emperor granted Ven- ice trading rights throughout imperial territory, a decree issued largely in recognition of the city state’s growing influence. Vene- tian merchants became the dominant European force in the Le- vant throughout the Middle Ages, conducting a thriving trade with the Mamluk dynasty, who ruled from Cairo with Alexan- dria as their commercial centre, and increasingly the Ottomans, who would eventually conquer the Mamluks in 1517. Together with Karl Hopf ’s Geschichte Griechenlands vom Beginn des Mittelalters, Heyd’s monograph “firmly established the ascendancy of Ger- 70 man scholarship in medieval Greek history” (Lock, The Franks in the Aegean 1204–1500, p. 30). A French version entitled Histoire du first edition of the banker’s treatise written in opposition to commerce du Levant au moyen-âge, with numerous additions by the Sinclair’s Observations (first 1810), bound together with three pam- author, was published in Leipzig in 1885. phlets, two by Hoare and one anonymously published, those by Not in Atabey, Blackmer, Burrell, Macro or Hamilton: The Arcadian Library. Hoare inscribed “from the author”, the volume from the library £750 [100580] of his fourth son, Henry Merrick Hoare (1770–1856). The Bullion Debate “arose from the publication of the report on the currency position by a committee dominated by monetarist Taussig’s copy economists. This report pointed out that since the suspension 69 of cash payments by the Bank of England the pound had depre- ciated by some 15 per cent against gold. The committee held that HIGGS, Henry. The Physiocrats. Six Lectures on the it should be brought back to its former position in two years, ig- French Économistes of the 18th Century. London: Macmillan noring the discomfort and distress that drastic deflation would and Co, Limited, 1897 bring . . . Sinclair wrote a hurried and bulky pamphlet, Observa- Octavo. Original red cloth, spine lettered and ruled in gilt, ruling contin- tions on the Report of the Bullion Committee (1810), and followed this ued to boards in blind, black endpapers, edges uncut. Ownership stamp, up with another, Cursory Hints Regarding Paper Currency. Having in “F. W. Taussig, Cambridge, Mass.” to initial blank, and newspaper clip- 1797 opposed the use of paper money [Sinclair] had now come ping with bookseller’s description of the Langland Press edition of The to appreciate its flexibility and convenience, and was groping his Physiocrats pasted to the same. A few knocks to spine and ends bumped, way towards the concept of the need for an expanded circulation contents toned with some minor nicks to extremities, otherwise a very good copy. in an expanded economy. The resulting controversy with the authors of the bullion report, who were backed by Ricardo, was in- first edition, frank william taussig’s copy, of Higgs’s ac- conclusive, since neither side could appreciate the point of view count of the physiocratic school, originally delivered as a series of the other” (ODNB). of lectures at the London School of Economics in 1896. In the Goldsmiths’ 20310; Kress B.5838. same year Taussig had examined the influence of the physiocrats on English economic advances in his work, Wages and Capital, also Bound up with Hoare’s Examination are three texts on monetary published by Macmillan. theory: “In 1894 [Higgs] had written the entry on the Économistes for Pal- a) —. Reflections on the Possible Existence and Supposed Evidence of Na- grave, but that piece ran to only two short paragraphs” (Palgrave tional Bankruptcy. London: printed for T. Cadell and W. Davies, II, p. 653): this book, in addition to his edition of Richard Cantil- Hatchard, and Richardson, 1811. Pp. [4], 76. Inscription “From lon’s Essai (1931), remains his most extended work on the subject. the Author” to title page trimmed in the binding process. Small tear to outer margin of leaf D6 and chip to fore edge of leaf D8, £750 [122468] otherwise a very good copy. First edition. Goldsmiths’ 20311; Kress B.5839. 70 b) —. Further Observations on the Increase of Population, and High Price HOARE, Peter Richard. An Examination of Sir John of Grain. Being an Appendix to Reflections on the Possible Existence, and Sinclair’s Observations on the Report of the Bullion Supposed Expedience, of National Bankruptcy. London: printed for T. Committee, and on the General Nature of Coin or Money, Cadell and W. Davies, and J. Hatchard, 1812. Pp. [4], 28. Inscrip- and the Advantages of Paper Circulation; [together with 3 tion “From the Author” to the title page trimmed in the binding process. A very good copy. First edition. Goldsmiths’ 20426. pamphlets on the topics of convertible paper currency and inflation in the wake of the Bullion Debate]. London: Printed c) [ANON.] Look to Your Property: Addressed to the Landlords, Stock- for T. Cadell and W. Davies, Hatchard, and Richardson, 1811-12 holders, Mortgagees, Annuitants, and Other Money Claimants of Great Britain. London: printed for J. Ridgway, 1812. Pp. 20. A very good 4 pamphlets in 1 volume, octavo (202 × 125 mm). Contemporary green copy. First edition of this anonymously written pamphlet on pa- straight-grain morocco, spine and boards lettered and ruled in blind, blue endpapers, edges sprinkled green. Pp. iv, 16, 16*-17*, 17-111. Armo- per money. Goldsmiths’ 20546. rial bookplate of Henry Merrick Hoare to front pastedown. Ownership £3,750 [111946] inscription to title page trimmed in the binding process, joints skilfully repaired, contents unevenly browned, a very good copy.

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 33 71

71 true first edition of one of the foundation works in the field of political theory, with the winged head ornament on the title page. HOBBES, Thomas. Leviathan, or the Matter, Forme, & There are three editions with title-pages bearing 1651 imprints. Power of a Common-wealth Ecclesiastical and Civill. The second, with a bear ornament, was printed outside England London: for Andrew Crooke, at the Green Dragon in St. Paul’s (probably at Amsterdam), and the third, with a triangular type Church-yard, 1651 ornament, is now considered to date from c.1695–1702. Leviathan Folio (276 × 173 mm). Contemporary calf, rebacked to style, red morocco details Hobbes’s notion of the origin of the State as a product of spine label, raised bands, covers ruled in blind with floral cornerpieces, human reason meeting human need, through to its destruction renewed flyleaves, original binder’s blanks retained. Ornament of winged as a consequence of human passions. According to Hobbes, the head on title page, engraved frontispiece and folding printed table. With State, as an aggregate of individual men (so well portrayed in the a contemporary gift inscription to original front binder’s blank: “Johan- famous engraved title), should always be tendered the obedience nis Lilly mi finit Ex dono Johannis Henshaw Armigiri Ao Dni 1654”, with the neat inscription “Ex dono Johannis Henshaw” underneath, alongside of the individual, as any government, in his view, is better than the a further small signature; John Lilly’s large ornate signature also on the natural anarchic state. Needless to say, this view elicited a storm of rear binder’s blank. Small ink shelfmark at head of title page. Extremities controversy, putting Hobbes at odds with proponents of individual refurbished, discreet repair to head of title page with very minor stain on liberties. Through conflict, Leviathan has been the catalyst of much verso, light creasing in centre of initial pages, final preliminary leaf (The productive thought in succeeding centuries, from Spinoza to the Introduction) tipped onto a stub, tiny paper flaw to pp. 47/48 with loss of school of Bentham, “who reinstated [Hobbes] in his position as 2 characters, small burn hole to pp. 79/80 touching 2 letters, small hole the most original political philosopher of his time” (PMM). This to pp. 319/320 affecting 5 characters, and another to pp. 357/358 with loss book “produced a fermentation in English thought not surpassed of 4 letters; short split and a small rust hole to folding plate not affecting text, some light foxing and soiling to contents, short tear to final binder’s until the advent of Darwinism” (op. cit.). blank repaired. Overall a very good copy, with pleasing evidence of con- ESTC R17253; Macdonald & Hargreaves 42; Printing and the Mind of Man temporary ownership and with the frontispiece, often faded at the head, 138; Wing H2246. in a good impression. £27,500 [124776]

34 Peter Harrington 146 72

72 by the prominent French Enlightenment figure Paul-Henri Thiry, Baron d’Holbach (first 1772). HOBBES, Thomas. The Art of Rhetoric, with a Discourse of the Laws of England. London: printed for William Crooke, 1681 See Noel Malcolm, Aspects of Hobbes (Oxford University Press, 2002). Octavo (172 × 108 mm). Rebound in modern brown crushed morocco, £1,250 [120538] spine lettered in gilt with blind fillet, edges sprinkled red. Engraved portrait frontispiece, initials. Early ink inscription to front free endpaper 74 stating the contents of the volume. Contents browned with occasional spotting, front free endpaper a little chipped with one neat tape repair to [HOLBACH, Paul Henri Thiry, baron d’.] La Morale fore edge, overall a very good copy. universelle. Ou les Devoirs de l’homme fondés sur sa first edition, and the first appearance of “A Dialogue between nature. Amsterdam: chez Marc-Michel Rey, 1776 a Phylosopher and a Student” in print, according to Macdonald & 3 volumes, octavo (203 × 120 mm). Contemporary mottled calf, green Hargreaves. It is the first of two works bound in this volume, the morocco labels, smooth spines richly decorated gilt with central fleuron second being Thomas Rymer’s Tragedies of the Last Age (London: tools, all edges red, marbled endpapers. Vol. 1 wrongly paginated from p. printed for Richard Tonson, 1678). 153 (numbered 143). Armorial bookplate to each front pastedown; small annotations in a contemporary hand to titles. Slight insect damage to Macdonald & Hargreaves 13; Wing H2212. tails of spines, bottom edges of boards and fore margins of middle leaves £2,250 [123167] in vol. 2, some surface loss to front board of vol. 3, faint dampstaining to margins of vol. 1 but overall contents bright. A very good copy. 73 first edition. Holbach divides his materialist treatise on morals, one of his later works, into three parts: theory, practice and HOBBES, Thomas. Oeuvres philosophiques et politiques. duties of private life. The first part outlines the necessity for tol- Tome premier, contenant les Élémens du Citoyen, traduits erance and the dangers of luxury for states and individuals alike. en François, par un de ses amis; [together with] Tome In the second part he pursues his condemnation of luxury and is second, contenant le Corps Politique & la Nature humaine. as much critical of its opposite vice, begging, advocating work as Neufchatel: de l‘Imprimerie de la Société Typographique, 1787 the saviour of humanity: “Commercial enterprise is only useful 2 volumes, octavo (198 × 123 mm). Contemporary tree calf, green and red when it serves agriculture, manufacturing industries, and the de- morocco labels, spine with rope-twist edge-roll, floral lower band, and velopment of populations . . . it is a dangerous poison when its attractively decorated compartments in gilt, boards bordered in gilt rule only purpose is to feed man’s proneness to luxury and vanity”. and dotted roll, marbled endpapers and edges. Engraved portrait frontis- The third and final part details the duties of husbands, parents, piece to volume 1. Bookseller’s description pasted to front pastedown of children etc. as well as the merits of marriage, although Holbach volume 1. Extremities lightly worn, a few spill-burns to boards and some also sees the advantages of divorce. Further in the text he de- minor stripping to rear board of volume 1, hinges cracked but firm, con- plores the drain the city has on the countryside as agricultural tents bright with occasional spotting, overall a very good set. workers become domestic servants. La Morale universelle was also first collected edition in french. It includes the young published as a quarto volume in the same year. Huguenot intellectual Samuel Sorbière’s popular translation of Barbier Vol. III, p. 355; INED 2287; Vercruysse 1776, A4. De cive (first 1649); a translation of De corpore politico, long attributed to Sorbière but now thought to have been by prolific translator £850 [113040] John Davies (Malcolm, pp. 464–5); and Human Nature translated

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 35 75 75

75 two books, which was not published until 5 November 1740 by a different publisher, Thomas Longman. Hume treated the third HUME, David. A Treatise of Human Nature: Being volume as a discrete work in its own right in so far as he later An Attempt to introduce the experimental Method of “cast anew” its contents alone as An Enquiry Concerning the Princi- Reasoning into Moral Subjects. London: John Noon (vol. III ples of Morals (1751). As a result of this broken-backed publication Thomas Longman), 1739-40 history, the three volumes of the Treatise are rarely found togeth- 3 volumes, octavo (195 × 122 mm). Rebound to style in modern speck- er. “The book comes up for sale so seldom that one may doubt led calf, red and green morocco labels to spines, red morocco roundels whether more than one or two hundred can be extant” (Keynes on green labels lettered in gilt, compartments ruled in gilt, raised bands and Sraffa, in their introduction to Hume’s Abstract). tooled with rope-twist roll in gilt, boards double-ruled in black, red sprin- Chuo 30; Fieser A.1–3; Jessop, p. 13; Printing and the Mind of Man 194; Wil- kled edges. Housed in a brown cloth flat-back box by the Chelsea Bind- liam B. Todd (ed.), Hume and the Enlightenment (1974), pp. 190–1. ery. Engraved head- and tailpieces and initials. Contents to Books I and II additionally bound in to the front of vol. II. Corrections neatly made £125,000 [120809] in pencil to contents of vol. I following errata, two faint marginal pencil marks to vol. II. Very occasional spotting, still a fine set. 76 first edition of Hume’s first great work, rarely found thus, complete in three volumes, with two of five leaves which Chuo HUME, David. A True Account of the Behaviour and notes as often cancelled in the uncancelled state (A4 and F6 of Conduct of Archibald Stewart, Esq; Late Lord Provost of volume 3). Hume composed the first two books before he was 25 Edinburgh. In a Letter to a Friend. London: printed for M. during his three years in France. He returned to London with the Cooper, 1748 finished manuscript by mid-September 1737, but he did not sign Octavo in fours (177 × 115 mm). Recent calf-backed marbled paper boards, articles of agreement with a publisher, John Noon, for another vellum tips, new endpapers, edges sprinkled red. Contemporary manu- 12 months, and the two volumes finally appeared, anonymously, script corrections in ink to pages 25, 27, 49, 50. Contents evenly toned at the end of January 1739. Already fearing that they would not with occasional faint spotting, stab holes visible, overall a very good copy. be well received, Hume had meanwhile begun a third volume, first edition, Todd’s state (b), of one of Hume’s rarest works, Of Morals, in part a restatement of the arguments of these first with an additional half-title not called for. The letter is dated 20

36 Peter Harrington 146 76 77 77

October 1747, and the postscript 4 November 1747. Stewart was a was “secretly devouring” Virgil and Cicero when he should have friend of Hume’s and had supported his candidature for the Chair been reading law. The influence of Cicero in particular pervades of Moral Philosophy at Edinburgh in 1744. He was charged with Hume’s work – his Dialogues Concerning Natural Religion are mod- neglect of duty during the Jacobite rising of 1745 and acquitted elled on Cicero’s De Natura Deorum, and the Essays on Happiness in November 1747. Hume wrote this letter in Stewart’s defence, draw strongly on De Finibus – a fact which numerous commenta- and it is “an example of Hume at his best in historical narrative. tors such as Peter S. Fosl, John Valdimir Price, and Humean edi- Straightforward, urbane, and witty, it is also accurate, learned, tors Norman Kemp Smith and Martin Bell have expanded on. The and philosophical, and displays a solid understanding of the law” present copy of Boethius’s masterwork is mentioned in Norton & (Mossner, Life of Hume, pp. 182-6). Hume’s performance prompt- Norton’s catalogue of the David Hume Library (1996) as being a ed Stewart to give him some fine burgundy, of which Hume is prime example of Hume’s classical interests: “There is a wealth recorded as saying, “The gift ruined me; I was obliged to give so of classical material that goes well beyond Cicero and Virgil, his many dinners in honour of the wine”. preferred early reading … There is, in fact, a copy of Boethius, De Jessop, p. 18f; Todd 1748 (1) b; cf. Chuo 98 (Todd’s state ‘d’). Consolatione Philosophiae. Did Hume’s reading of the ancient mor- alists, whose work left him dissatisfied, include Boethius? What- £5,500 [117473] ever the answer to that question, our list suggests that, for Hume, many ancient authors were of interest and importance” (ibid., p. David Hume’s copy 63). Hume also specifically mentions Seneca and Plutarch among the “books of morality” which he studied. 77 Most of Hume’s library passed, via his siblings, to his nephew (HUME, David.) BOETHIUS. De consolatione philosophae Baron Hume. Upon the latter’s death in 1840 a manuscript cat- libri quinque. Ioh. Bernartius recensuit, & Commentario alogue was compiled of his library for legal reasons. Norton & illustrauit. Antwerp: Ex officina Plantiniana, Apud Ioannem Norton record that most of David Hume’s library was sold with Moretumm, 1607 Baron Hume’s own library by Thomas Stevenson in the ear- Octavo (172 × 108 mm). Contemporary vellum, manuscript title to spine, ly 1850s; the presence of the 1853 non-Hume family ownership yapp edges. Woodcut printer’s devices at start, end, and at divisional inscription in this copy supports the idea that the Boethius was half-titles, woodcut initials. Ownership inscription of one Jo. McMurtrie possibly part of that sale. of Edinburgh dated 1853 to front free endpaper, 17th-century ink annota- The present edition of Boethius was edited by the Flemish hu- tion to verso of endpaper opposite title, and 19th-century annotations on manist John Bernartius (1568–1601) from four unknown manu- pp. 59 (“Eur.Andr.320”) and 131 (“vide Hamilton’s Reid p. 263”, referring scripts, and includes his own commentary. Bernartius died be- to William Hamilton’s edition of the works of Thomas Reid), some pencilled marks in margins. Vellum a little soiled, marginal paper flaws to fore it could be published, and so Nicolaus Oudaert brought it to leaf N4 (pp. 199–200), in all a very good copy. print at the Plantin Press, where Jan Moretus had taken over from Christopher Plantin after the latter’s death. Delays in its printing A remarkable association copy, from the library of the Scottish meant that although the early quires of the work were printed in philosopher David Hume, of one of the most notable works of 1603–4, with their colophon dated accordingly, it was not until western philosophy, this being the first Bernartius edition, with 1606–7 that the latter quires were produced to complete the work. Hume’s bookplate (State A) to the front pastedown. Norton & Norton, David Hume Library catalogue, no. 151 (this copy; see p. Hume was an enthusiastic reader of classical literature and a 17 for states A and B of the bookplate). See Dirk Imhof, Jan Moretus and the self-proclaimed Ciceronian too. In his autobiographical essay, Continuation of the Plantin Press (Koninklijke Brill: 2014), B–46 (this edition). published posthumously in 1777, Hume reported that between the ages of eighteen and twenty-one he read “most of the cel- £9,500 [124091] ebrated Books in Latin, French, & English”, admitting that he

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 37 80

Octavo (186 × 117 mm). Contemporary sheep, blind rule border to covers, red leather spine label. Ownership inscription dated 1773 to front free endpaper of one Eldert Tymeson. Short crack at head of front joint, corners worn and a few small abrasions to covers; leaves browned in places due to poor paper stock, occasional spotting and finger-soiling; withal a very good copy in an attractive American legal binding. first u.s. edition, seventh overall, of Jacob’s legal guide, originally published in London in 1736, here corrected and updated. The seventh London edition was not published until 1772. “Some earlier books were aimed partly at a non-legal audience, 79 particularly readers dealing with the rights and duties of landlords and tenants. However, the credit for producing the first law book intended for a general audience goes to the prolific legal 78 author Giles Jacob. His Every Man his Own Lawyer first appeared HUSSERL, Edmund. Formale und Transzendentale in 1736, with a further ten editions before the end of the 18th Logik. Versuch einer Kritik der Logischen Vernunft. Halle: century. The book’s title page addresses ‘all manner of persons’, Max Niemeyer, 1929 promising them enough knowledge of the civil and criminal law to enable them to defend themselves and the estates” (The Ox- Octavo. Original brown cloth, brown morocco label lettered in gilt, front cover lettered in brown. Spine label a little chipped, else a very good copy. ford Companion to the Book, eds. Michael F. Suarez & H. R. Woud- huysen, 2010). first edition, first printing. Edmund Husserl (1859–1938), the founder of phenomenology, wrote extensively on logic through- Evans 10935. out his life. With the bookplate and stamp to pastedown of Walter £2,500 [126389] Herrala, lecturer in philosophy at Eastern Michigan University. £675 [127161] 80 JAMES, William. Memories and Studies. New York: The first American edition Longmans, Green, and Co., 1911 Octavo. Original green cloth, paper spine label printed in black and ruled 79 in red, top edge gilt, others uncut. Bookseller’s ticket to rear pastedown. JACOB, Giles. Every Man his own Lawyer: or, A Summary Very minor rubbing to extremities, spine ends lightly bumped, spine and of the Laws of England, in a New and Instructive Method label lightly faded, a very good copy. . . . The Seventh Edition, corrected and improved, with first edition, first printing, of a collection of the Amer- many Additions, from Lord Raymond, Comyn, Strange, ican philosopher and psychologist’s speeches and essays, most notably “The Moral Equivalent of War”, which was first pub- Foster, and with the Statute Law down to 4 Geo. 3. lished here in book form. His son, Henry James Jr., provides the inclusive. New York: Hugh Gaine, 1768

38 Peter Harrington 146 preface: “Professor William James formed the intention shortly before his death of republishing a number of popular addresses and essays under the title which this book now bears . . . I have departed in no substantial degree from my father’s idea, except perhaps by including two or three short pieces which were first addressed to special occasions or audiences and which now seem clearly worthy of republication in their original form”. McDermott 1911–2. £500 [117855]

81 JARROLD, Thomas. Dissertations on Man, philosophical, physiological, and political; in answer to Mr. Malthus’s “Essay on the Principle of Population.” London: Cadell & 82 Davis, and Burditt, 1806 Octavo (211 × 120 mm). Contemporary polished calf, gilt and blind- his son Herbert: “I have resolved however at last to let out my the- stamped roll borders, and lozenge device centrally blind-stamped to ory of Economy, & have accordingly written a short paper entitled boards, spine decorated and lettered gilt in compartments, brown ‘Notice of a general mathematical theory of Economy’ which will endpapers, marbled edges. Bound without the half-title. Some surface I hope be read at the Brit. Assoc. meeting at the beginning of next abrasion of leather to rear board, joints and spine, with loss of gilt and lettering, corners rubbed. Intermittent spotting, more severe in places; month. Although I know pretty well the paper is worth perhaps all a good copy. the others that will be read there put together, I cannot pretend to say how it will be received, whether it will be read at all, or whether first and only edition of this rare essay on population con- it won’t be considered nonsense” (14 September 1862, Papers and ceived as a point-by-point refutation of Malthus. Jarrold (1763– Correspondence of William Stanley Jevons II, p. 452). 1809), a well-known physician, discusses in a series of chapters the checks to population adopted in various European and The “Notice” was read in Jevons’s absence to section F of the As- non-European societies, including North America. This is the sociation in October 1862 and, as predicted by its author, was met earliest criticism of Malthus to achieve the scale of a full-length with considerable reservation: just one short abstract of it, the work: the more famous reply of Hazlitt did not appear until 1807, two-page section present in this volume, was published. Though and Charles Hall’s provocative work, The Effects of Civilisation of the it received a lukewarm reception at the time and remained largely people of European states with observations on . . . Mr. Malthus’ Essay, ignored by academic circles, it is now “renowned as the first state- published in 1805, in fact contains only a 25-page supplement on ment of his new ideas in the area of value theory” (R. D. Collison Malthus. The first ever monograph devoted entirely to criticism Black in The New Palgrave). In 1866 it was published, with minor of the Essay (Remarks on a late publication, entitled, ‘An Essay on the changes, under the slightly amended title “Brief Account of a Gen- Principle of Population . . . ’, 1803) was only 62 pages long. eral Mathematical Theory of Political Economy” in the Royal Statis- tical Society Journal. Einaudi 3047; Goldsmiths’ 19209; Kress B.5061. This complete run of reports for the meeting also includes a sec- £1,750 [126567] ond paper by Jevons, “On the Study of Periodic Commercial Fluc- tuations”, present at pp. 157–8. 82 Inoue & White, Bibliography of published works by W. S. Jevons, 51. JEVONS, William Stanley. Notice of a General Mathematical £2,250 [123182] Theory of Political Economy. [read before the Economic Science and Statistics Section of the British Association at Cambridge] in: Report of the Thirty-Second Meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science; Held at Cambridge in October 1862. London: John Murray, 1863 Octavo (212 × 130 mm). Recent half calf and marbled boards, spine decorated gilt in compartments, red and black labels. Ministry of Defence and Admiralty library stamps to title and several other leaves. 4 folding tables and 3 folding plates. One fore edge shaved, title page re-hinged and slightly short at fore edge; a good copy. first edition Jevons’s early seminal work, his two-page “No- tice of a General Mathematical Theory of Political Economy” (pp. 158–9), which was read at the 32nd annual meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science. A month prior to the meeting, Jevons expressed some trepidation regarding the Association’s reception of the “Notice” in a letter to

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 39 formed the operations of the revised Boolean calculus and whose mode of operation had affinities with the use of a truth-table. Inoue & White 58; Risse II, p. 77. £2,750 [114514]

84 (JONES, E. T.) BORNACCINI, Giuseppe. Idee teoretiche e pratiche di ragionatería e di doppia registrazione, con in fine dei rilievi sul metodo semplice di tenere i registri di commercio di E. T. Jones Inglese. Rimini: Marsoner e Grandi, 1818 Folio (357 × 245 mm). Contemporary diced roan-backed boards, green spine lettered and decorated in gilt. Foot of spine and lower corner of the front board a little worn; a very good copy. first edition, which contains, at the end (pp. 419–39), an exposition of Jones’s method of accounting. The very rare first Ital- ian translation of Jones’s English System of Book-keeping, translated from the French edition, was first published in 1815. ICAEW, p. 6. Not in Goldsmiths’ or Kress, nor in Herwood, which has only the second edition of 1838. £4,500 [105396]

85 KANT, Immanuel. Der einzig mögliche Beweisgrund zu einer Demonstration des Daseyns Gottes. Königsburg: Johann Jakob Kanter, 1763 Small octavo (168 × 98 mm). Contemporary half calf, spine lettered in blind, raised bands with floriate motifs to compartments, marbled pa- 84 per boards, comb-marbled pastedowns. Woodcut vignette to title page,

83 JEVONS, William Stanley. Pure Logic or the Logic of Quality apart from Quantity: with remarks on Boole’s System and on the Relation of Logic and Mathematics. London: Edward Stanford, 1864 Octavo. Original pebble-grained blue cloth, printed paper labels to spine and front cover, boards panelled in blind, brown coated endpapers. With the initial blank leaf. Partly erased ownership signature to front free endpaper. Spine toned and fraying at tips, occasional finger mark or spot to contents. A very good copy. first edition of Jevons’s first work on logic, one of two pamphlets (the other was The Substitution of Similars, 1869) in which he developed the calculus presented by Boole in An Investigation of the Laws of Thought (1854). Jevons had already consulted Boole before sending him a copy; in a letter of 1863 he recorded, “I have written on the subject to Professor Boole, on whose logical system mine is an improvement. In his answer he does not explain away an objection I had raised against his system. He seems to think that my paper [viz. Pure Logic] probably does not contain more than he himself knows, this being a common failing of philosophers and others; but still he tells me very civilly that if I think still that there is anything new in my paper I ought to publish, which of course I shall do one way or another before long.” Jevons’s principal advance was to reduce the operations of the Boolean calculus to a mechanical procedure. He here stood at the start of a road that led to the modern application of logic in computer-programming; he himself designed a “logical abacus” and “logical piano”, ancestors of the computer which per- 85

40 Peter Harrington 146 86 86 headpieces, woodcut ornaments at head of each page. Without the final of prominent Swiss collector Emanuel Stickelberger (1884–1962) to front leaf of the first gathering, the half-title. Professionally refurbished along pastedown, contemporary ownership inscriptions in ink to front free extremities and joints, contents browned and foxed with the occasional endpaper, small ink annotation to p. 379 (correcting “sceptisch” to “spec- dampstain, else a very good copy. ifisch”), clipping from bookseller’s description neatly pasted to rear past- rare first edition of one of the early pre-Critik works, The Only edown. Extremities rubbed, joints starting, endpapers a little browned from turn-ins and a few lower corners of pages tanned, very minor occa- Possible Argument in Support of a Demonstration of the Existence of God. Al- sional spotting, else a bright, fresh copy. though the title page bears the date “1763” it is apparent, as Warda notes, that it was actually published shortly after mid-December first edition of one of the most influential philosophy books 1762. It elicited an instant critical response from Daniel Weymann ever published, the first version of the Critique of Pure Reason. “Kant’s (also responsible for the attack on Kant’s Optimism) under the ti- great achievement was to conclude finally the lines on which phil- tle Bedenklichkeiten über den einzig möglichen Beweisgrund des Herrn M. osophical speculation had proceeded in the eighteenth century, Kants. . . dated 14 January 1763, but “most important of all was the and to open up a new and more comprehensive system of dealing very substantial and favourable review published by [Moses] Men- with the problems of philosophy. Of the two main systems which delssohn. This review [of The Only Possible Argument], more than any preceded his own, Kant had little or no sympathy with the meta- other, was responsible for establishing Kant’s reputation in Ger- physical categorization of the Cartesians, and inclined more to the many as a major philosopher” (Walford & Meerbote, p. lx). empirical methods of Locke and Leibniz . . . The influence of Kant is paramount in the critical method of modern philosophy. No oth- Adickes 33; Warda 23. See David Walford & Ralf Meerbote, Kant: Theoretical Philosophy, 1755–1770 (Cambridge University Press, 1992). er thinker has been able to hold with such firmness the balance between speculative and empirical ideas. His penetrating analysis £1,500 [125698] of the elements involved in synthesis, and the subjective process by which these elements are realized in the individual consciousness, 86 demonstrated the operation of ‘pure reason’; and the simplicity and cogency of his arguments achieved immediate fame” (PMM). KANT, Immanuel. Critik der reinen Vernunft. Riga: Johann Friedrich Hartknoch, 1781 From the library of Emanuel Stickelberger, who included a sketch of Kant’s life in his 1952 semi-fictional critical history, Dichter im Octavo (200 × 120 mm). Contemporary half calf, spine label lettered in black, compartments decoratively tooled with central floral motifs in Alltag: Bilder zu einer unbekümmerten Literaturgeschichte. blind, raised bands, sprinkled paper boards, edges red. Housed in a black Adickes 46; Norman 1197; Printing and the Mind of Man 226; Warda 59. quarter morocco solander box by the Chelsea Bindery. Woodcut title vignette, decorative woodcut head- and tailpieces, and initials. Bookplate £35,000 [125333]

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 41 87 88

“The most significant event facilitating the study in 88 Russia of Kant’s philosophy” KANT, Immanuel. Critik der Urtheilskraft. Berlin and Libau: Lagarde and Friederich, 1790 87 Octavo (199 × 122 mm). Contemporary half calf and sprinkled paper KANT, Immanuel. Kritika chistago razuma. Per. M. boards, later spine label, patterned red endpapers, edges red. Woodcut Vladislavlev [in Cyrillic]. St Petersburg: tip. N. Tiblena (N. vignette to title. Printed in Gothic type. Spine leather heavily corroded Nekludova), 1867 with loss of virtually all of the gilt decoration, now consolidated, spine label renewed, extremities worn with some marks to boards, contents Octavo (212 × 137 mm). Contemporary quarter roan and pebbled cloth faintly spotted with light browning on title leaf and the first pages of pref- boards, spine lettered in gilt, raised bands bordered with blind fillets, ace, tiny marginal worming to last two leaves, overall a very good copy. with the original pale pink wrappers bound in. Soviet stamps to five pages, ownership signature to title page, some pencil underlining and first edition of the Critique of Judgement, Kant’s third most annotations throughout. Professionally refurbished, cloth extremities re- important work after the critiques of pure and practical reason. paired, a few areas of blackening to spine, very minor loss to top corner of “The work consists of two main parts, the first dealing with the front wrapper, contents somewhat stained and foxed with dampstain to aesthetic judgment, the second with the teleological judgment or gutter apparent in first and last gatherings, else a very good copy overall. judgment of the purposiveness in Nature; and it is of considera- first edition in russian of the Critique of Pure Reason, translated ble importance. For in it Kant tries, as far as our consciousness by the Russian professor of philosophy M. I. Vladislavlev. Genuine- is concerned at least, to bridge the gulf between the mechanistic ly scarce, OCLC locating just six copies in institutional holdings world of Nature as presented in physical science and the world of worldwide (three in the US, two in Canada, one in Poland), and morality, freedom and faith. That is to say, he tries to show how appearing just twice in auction records across the past 25 years. the mind passes from the one to the other; and he attempts the “Unquestionably one of, if not the most significant event facili- rather difficult task of showing how the transition is reasonable tating the study in Russia of Kant’s philosophy during the reign without at the same time going back on what he has already said of Tsar Alexander II was the publication in 1867 of a translation about the vanity of dogmatic metaphysics and about the position of the Critique of Pure Reason . . . made by an upcoming young of moral or practical faith as our only means of access to the su- scholar Mickhail I. Vladislavlev (1840–90), who had spent over persensible world” (Copleston, A History of Philosophy VI, p. 209). 2 years at the universities of Heidelberg, Göttingen, and Leipzig Adickes 71; Warda 125. . . . Vladislavlev’s translation is not without flaws as witnessed by £3,250 [124883] the appearance of subsequent translations, particularly that of N. O. Losskij, still in use with some modifications today . . . [but] despite its deficiencies, was a remarkable accomplishment for someone still in his mid-20s” (Nemeth, pp. 155–6). Not in Warda. See Thomas Nemeth, Kant in Imperial Russia (Studies in Ger- man Idealism, 19, 2017); Printing and the Mind of Man 226 (first edition). £6,750 [125690]

42 Peter Harrington 146 89 KANT, Immanuel. Ueber eine Entdeckung nach der alle neue Critik der reinen Vernunft durch eine ältere entbehrlich gemacht werden soll. Königsberg: Friedrich Nicolovius, 1790 Octavo (201 × 120 mm). Contemporary sprinkled boards, title to paper spine label hand written in black, edges sprinkled red. Extremities worn and boards a little marked, contents offset and foxed, else a very good copy. first edition of this relatively little-known work, published in the same year as the Kritik der Urtheilskraft. The German philosopher Johann Augustus Eberhard (1739–1809), a leading Wolffian, joined with other critics of Kant to found the Philosophisches Mag- azin, the main goal of which was to challenge Kant’s philosophy. The Magazin published many articles attacking Kant’s ideas, leading to a long debate between Kant, Eberhard and their respective allies. The present work was Kant’s rebuttal of Eberhard and his defence of his own philosophy. Ultimately, Kant and his followers won the dispute, with his ideas retaining their ascendancy in German philosophy, which they would hold for decades. Warda 132; The Continuum Companion to Kant, p. 88.

£1,500 [124960] 90, 92

90 92 KEYNES, John Maynard. The Economic Consequences of KEYNES, John Maynard. The General Theory of the Peace. London: Macmillan and Co., Limited, 1919 Employment Interest and Money. London: Macmillan and Co, Octavo. Original blue cloth, titles to spine gilt. Spine rolled and a touch Limited, 1936 darkened, tips rubbed, overall bright and internally fresh. An exceptionally fresh, copy. Octavo. Original blue cloth, spine lettered and double ruled in gilt, ruling continued to boards in blind. With the dust jacket. Contemporary owner- first edition of Keynes’s second book, which established his ship inscription to front free endpaper dated September 1936. Illustrated reputation as a political economist. Keynes resigned from his bookmark laid in. A clean copy, spine ends gently rubbed and bruised, a position as principal representative of the British Treasury at the few marks to book block edges, in the slightly nicked dust jacket, spine Paris Peace Conference of 1919, in protest of the heavy repara- sunned and a few short tears to joints. tions demanded from Germany. The Economic Consequences of the first edition of this key work. Written in the aftermath of the Peace was written directly afterwards as a condemnation of Allied great depression, Keynes’s masterpiece is generally regarded as policy: Keynes would continue arguing against the reparations in one of the most influential social science treatises of the century. his 1922 book, A Revision of the Treaty. It “subjected the definitions and theories of the classical school Fundaburk 9981; Mattioli 1807; Moggridge A 2.1.1. of economists to a penetrating scrutiny and found them serious- £1,500 [105398] ly inadequate and inaccurate” (PMM), quickly and permanently changing the way the world looked at the economy and the role of government in society. 91 Moggridge A10.1; Printing and the Mind of Man 423. KEYNES, John Maynard. A Treatise on Money. London: £7,500 [120916] Macmillan and Co, Limited, 1930 2 volumes, octavo. Original dark green cloth, spines lettered in gilt, double line rules in gilt to spines continued in blind to front covers. Nu- merous tables and diagrams to the text. Post card from Bumpus loosely inserted. Spines lightly faded and bumped at ends, a few markings to spines, covers and edges, else a very good set. first edition. A Treatise on Money is the first of Keynes’s two major contributions to economic theory and his most comprehensive work on monetary theory. It anticipates many of the ideas of the General Theory, which it immediately preceded and by which it has been, perhaps unfairly, overshadowed. Moggridge A7.1. £850 [124380]

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 43 93

93 edge that some dissertations – I have my own in mind – ought at a minimum to have listed a collaborator”. Stigler remained in KING, Martin Luther, Jr. Where Do We Go From Here: contact with Knight after his retirement, and contributed a pref- Chaos or Community? New York: Harper & Row, 1967 ace to the Chicago reprint of Risk, Uncertainty and Profit. This copy Octavo. Original black cloth-backed yellow paper boards, titles to spine has passed by descent to the present owner. gilt, yellow endpapers. With the dust jacket. Spine lightly faded, a couple of small white specks along rear joint, top edge of book block faintly This is Knight’s first major work, written as a doctoral disserta- spotted, internally bright and crisp. An excellent copy, with the supplied tion at Cornell in 1916. In it Knight advances Richard Cantillon’s jacket minimally rubbed at the extremities. early treatment of risk in the 1755 Essay of the Nature of Commerce, first edition, first printing, presentation copy, in- setting forth the two ideas for which he is best known: first, the scribed by the author on the front free endpaper, “To Rev. distinction which can be made between economic risk and un- & Mrs Robert McGregor, in appreciation for your great support, certainty, and second, the location of the source of “profit” in Martin Luther King Jr.” The recipient, an Episcopalian priest, was the returns from exposure of business activities to uncertainty. a graduate of Oberlin and General Theological Seminary, and Knight’s argument concluded that “profits could arise only in an served in a number of parishes, including association with Wash- economy where the future was not known with certainty” (Ru- ington Cathedral, Trinity Cathedral (Newark), and Grace Church binstein, p. 51). Risk, Uncertainty and Profit is acknowledged to be a in Providence. He was a fellow demonstrator in the Selma to classic and groundbreaking work of economics. Peter Bernstein Montgomery March. Dr King occasionally had his books signed judged it “the first work of any importance, and in any field of or inscribed by a secretary, but copies personally inscribed in study, that deals explicitly with decision-making under condi- his own hand are very scarce indeed, and this copy comes with a tions of uncertainty” (p. 219), and Harold Batson suggests that powerful association. “it would, in fact, be difficult to discover a better short statement of pure economic theory” (p. 27). £8,500 [123657] Batson, p. 27. See Peter Bernstein, Against the Gods: The Remarkable Story of Risk (1996); Mark Rubinstein, A History of the Theory of Investments (2006). The author’s copy, inscribed to his fellow economist £37,500 [122692] George Stigler 94 KNIGHT, Frank H. Risk, Uncertainty and Profit.Boston & New York: Houghton Mifflin Company, [1921] Octavo (202 × 126 mm). Original red cloth, spine lettered gilt. Spine ends lightly rubbed, endpapers toned; a very good copy. first edition, the author’s copy, inscribed to fellow economist george stigler, “To George Stigler May 27, 1963, F.H.K.”, and additionally signed by Knight on the front pastedown. This copy bears autograph pencil changes to three pages (53, 101, 152): two use proofreading symbols to insert and delete phrases, one corrects a reference to a figure in the text, another a spelling error in an author’s name (“Mills” corrected to “Mill”). A further 15 openings carrying marginal pencil side-rules and underlining to the text. Following his master’s degree at Northwestern University, George Stigler moved to Chicago in 1933 to work on his dissertation under Knight’s supervision at the University of Chicago. The thesis was completed in 1938 and published in 1941 under the title Production and Distribution Theories. In a memoir entitled “Frank Knight as Teacher” (in Journal of Political Economy, 1973), Stigler observed that “he was so generous with time and knowl- 94

44 Peter Harrington 146 94

95 KOMORZYNSKI, Johann von. Der Werth in der isolirten Wirtschaft.Vienna: Manz’schek. k. Verlags- und Universitätsbuchhandlung, 1889 Octavo (211 × 142 mm). Contemporary half cloth and boards, the original printed paper wrappers laid onto the boards, marbled edges. Ownership inscription to the front board. Small library label to front board, ownership inscription (slightly smudged) of Friedrich Kleinwächter to front board dated 1894, noting that the book was given to him by the author. Modern bookplate of Massimo Paradiso to front pastedown, else a clean copy. first edition. Komorzynski, together with Menger, Böhm- 96 Bawerk, and Wieser, was one of the leading exponents of the Austrian school of economic thought. Bawerk deems Kleinwächter the only German economic writer provenance: From the library of Friedrich von Kleinwäch- worth mentioning since Roscher. ter (1838–1927), with his ownership inscription on front cover. £2,250 [121962] Friedrich von Kleinwächter was an associate of Böhm-Bawerk, Menger, and Wieser. Born in Prague, the son of the composer Alois Kleinwächter, he lectured on political economy and statis- 96 tics at the University of Riga, before taking up a post as Professor LAFFEMAS, Isaac de. L’Histoire du commerce de France. of Political Science at the newly founded University of Czernow- Enrichie des plus notables antiquitez du traffic des païs itz, where Schumpeter later taught. He wrote a number of works, estranges. Par Isaac de Laffemas, Sieur de Humont, both theoretical and historical, and also edited and published the Advocat en Parlement. Paris: Toussaincts du Bray, 1606 second edition (1871) of Mangoldt’s Grundriss der Volkswirthschaft- Duodecimo (138 × 83 mm). Contemporary vellum over paste boards, ac- slehre. In the first part of his great Kapital und Kapitalzins, Böhm- quisition number in ink on front cover and spine. Printer’s woodcut device on title, complete with the terminal 2 blank leaves. Remains of paper spine label, deerskin ties lacking; small waterstain to the bottom 3 cm of the gutter, and to the upper margin of the last few leaves, ink splash to the margins of leaves Aii-Aiii; a very well preserved copy in an attractive contemporary binding. first edition of Isaac de Laffemas’s History of Commerce in France, extremely scarce. Son of Barthélemy de Laffemas, the first great mercantilist minister of France, Isaac obtained the position of civil lieutenant of Paris, and subsequently member of the council of state. Like his father, he embraced the idea of improving manufacture in France in order to achieve national economic self-sufficiency and produce higher levels of export. Isaac produced this work at the young age of 19, in which he restated many of his father’s ideas, at the same time praising the king for his involvement. Drawing upon a number of historical accounts and sources, Laffemas discusses the practices of other nations involved in manufacture and commerce, mentioning glass, horses, perfumes, spices, and trade in Russia, China, Arabia and Hormuz, among other products and places. The similarities of argument used by the son lead us to conjecture that the father may also have had a hand in the authorship of the book. Goldsmiths’ 354. Not in INED, Kress, Mattioli or Sraffa. OCLC locates 8 copies worldwide. 95 £15,000 [119070]

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 45 A fine example of the famous speculator John Law’s signature, appended to an autograph letter, written in a neat cursive secretarial hand, to an unknown “Monsieur”, thanking him for his complimentary letter following Law’s appointment to the post of controller-general of finance of France. “Monsieur, je reçois avec beaucoup de plaisir votre compliment sur la charge dont il a plu au Roy de m’honorer. Comme je suis persuadé de la verité de vos sentimens; je vous prie de l’estre aussi de celle aux la quelle je suis, Monsieur, Votre tres humble et tres aff[ect]ué Serviteur, Law.” On 5 January 1720, John Law was appointed controller-general of the finances of France and “in April received the more prestigious title of superintendent (surintendant des finances, a title not used since 1661 and never again to be used in France). In the course of April and May 1720 he was effectively chief minister and minister of finance, a sort of latter-day Cardinal Mazarin and Nicolas Fouquet combined; but on 27 May, the first crisis of his ‘financial system’, he was temporarily dismissed from office and threatened with imprisonment in the Bastille in Paris. Yet the eclipse was only brief: he returned to office on 2 June with the additional responsibilities of the superintendence of French commerce, the director-generalship of the Banque Royale, and a councillorship of state with a seat in the council of regency. With the collapse of his system Law was forced to offer his resignation on 9 December 1720, and he went into exile abroad, first to the Austrian Neth- erlands on 17 or 18 December. He returned to England, though his time there was not untroubled. The death of the régent in 1723 wrecked his hopes for a restoration in France and he moved on to 98 Italy two years later with a commission from the king of England to any other prince or state ‘not for use but for protection’ (DNB). He died from pneumonia at Venice in comparative poverty on 21 97 March 1729, having received the Catholic last rites. The collapse LAUNHARDT, Wilhelm. Das Wesen des Geldes und die of his system had brought down his own personal finances, Währungsfrage. Leipzig: Wilhelm Engelmann, 1885 which though very considerable in 1720 (a letter from Law to the Octavo. Rebound in modern black cloth, spine lettered and ruled in gilt. régent, dated 1 March 1721, talked of his shareholdings at that A few neat pen and pencil annotations to the text. A very good copy, con- time being worth nearly 100 millions) had been inflated by paper tents evenly toned, with a tiny puncture to half-title and a small nick to assets which in the end proved worthless” (ODNB). top edge of sig. 3.8. Docketed in the top left hand corner “M. Law. Remercimens du first edition. Like Dupuit, Launhardt began his professional comp.s fait au sujet du controle general”. life as a civil engineer, working for the public road administration. A professor of roads, railways and bridges at the Technische £5,000 [114640] Hochschule (now the University) in Hanover, of which he later became director, Wilhelm Launhardt (1832–1918) was “a pioneer 99 of mathematical economics, an important early contributor to (LAW, John.) Manuscript account of the ongoing the pure theory of welfare economics, a major figure in the histo- discussions “pour la liquidation des dettes et la discussion ry of location theory, and one of the few German engineer-econ- des biens du Monsieur John Law”. [Paris:] December 1722 – omists of his day to carry on the tradition [of ] German Classical Economics” (Blaug, Great Economists before Keynes, p. 122). May 1726 Folio (325 × 220 mm). 25-leaf manuscript loose in 5 sewn sections, unpag- £1,250 [123996] inated, in a neat and consistently legible secretarial hand in black ink on laid paper, the sections (excepting the second) with the tax stamp of the 98 Généralité de Moulins on the first page of each bifolium. Custom blue cloth chemise, black morocco label to front board lettered and double LAW, John. Autograph letter signed to an unnamed ruled in gilt. With a loose thread tie laid in and a paper-covered red wax “Monsieur”, thanking him for his good wishes upon his seal to the end of section 3. Leaves lightly browned with occasional spot- appointment as Contrôleur general of finance. Paris: 14 ting, a few punctures not affecting the text except for a single letter of the third section, stab-holes visible at the inner margins, edges fragile, else January 1720 in very good condition. Single folio sheet (317 × 207 mm). Sometime folded, preserved in a cus- A detailed manuscript offering an insight into the discussions tom made chemise and slipcase. Docketed in the upper left hand corner. which arose after Law’s flight from France, principally his land at Lightly spotted, a few small marginal chips; in very good condition.

46 Peter Harrington 146 99 100 and titles to “La Marche”, which were eventually valued at 90,000 covers, brown endpapers, gilt edges. 19th-century ownership signature livres plus administrative duties. to front free endpaper. Bound without the initial blank. Spine sunned, light rubbing around extremities, a little closely cropped at times, 5.5 cm The first section, dated 10 December 1722, begins with a prelim- closed tear to leaf preceding contents page, 3cm closed tear to Ii and Nn7, inary discussion into the cancellation of Law’s debts and the fu- tiny chip to p. 154, else a very good copy. ture of his property, and is signed by Créson and Caron, members first edition. Richard Lawrence served in the New Model of the King’s Council in Paris. The second, 27 May 1726, is one of Army and accompanied Cromwell’s expeditionary force to Ire- the two original copies of a document setting out Charles de la land in 1649, where he was entrusted with important commands Motte’s (“le chargeur du roy”) intention to acquire the land and of the island as it was reconquered and resettled. He entered into titles of La Marche with Jean François de Chalineau, member of print in the 1650s defending the policy of transplantation, and the King’s Council and representative of “Monsieur le procureur acquired large estates in the country. In 1664 he was appointed to général de Paris”, who is going guarantor for La Motte’s good the newly formed council of trade, and later was entrusted with name. Thomas Sohier, “valet de chambre de Monsieur le duc the management of textile works near Dublin. In these years he d’Orleans”, is also involved, and the arrangement for the costs studied the Irish economy, with his views eventually published in to be met between them is drawn up. The document is signed by 1682 in the present work. Analysing the causes of Irish underde- Sohier and dated 27 May 1726. velopment, Lawrence softened his hostility to the Irish seen in his Sections three through five, all variously signed by those involved, earlier pamphlets, and placed the blame on England’s discrimi- detail the exact arrangements, adjudication costs, and creditors natory policies, the hostility of the aristocracy to trade, and the lists up to and after La Motte is forced to relinquish all claims to lack of both credit and physical money. He was an early critic of La Marche once his assets are seized. The manuscript account Irish landlord absenteeism, which he saw as draining the country concludes with Sohier’s complete acquisition of the property, of specie. At the same time, Lawrence’s treatise still traces many purchasing La Motte’s share of the house and gardens and paying shortcomings to the moral failings of the native population and off the remainder of both Law’s and La Motte’s creditors, and the the Catholic religion. There are three known states of the title division of the 90,000 livres among the creditors. page with variant booksellers listed, without known priority. £2,500 [120886] ESTC R11185; Goldsmiths’ 2459; Kress 1559. £1,750 [127003] 100 LAWRENCE, Richard. The Interest of Ireland in its Trade and Wealth Stated . . . With some reflections on principles of religion, as it relates to the premisses. Dublin: Printed by Jos. Ray, for Jos. Howes, and are to be sold by Awnsham Churchill, 1682 Octavo (152 × 95 mm). 19th-century green morocco, spine lettered in gilt, floral decoration in blind to spine compartments and to borders of

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 47 102 LEIBNIZ, Gottfried Wilhelm von. Essais de Theodicée sur la bonté de Dieu, la liberté de l’homme et l’origine du mal. Seconde édition; [issued with] Causa Dei asserta per justitiam ejus, cum caeteris ejus perfectionibus, cunctisque actionibus conciliatam. Amsterdam: Isaac Troyel, 1712 Octavo (189 × 112 mm). Contemporary roan, red morocco spine label, compartments and raised bands elaborately tooled in gilt, single gilt fillet to boards, marbled endpapers, edges red, green cloth book marker. Title page in black and red. Woodcut head- and tailpieces, initials. With a folding letterpress table to the Causa Dei. Ink inscription to head of title page, “Collationné Bon”. Some scuffs, marks, and stripping to boards, contents browned with areas of spotting and dampstain, else a very good copy. first edition, second issue, of the only major philosophical treatise that Leibniz published during his lifetime, in which he vin- dicates the justice and goodness of God despite the existence of evil, issued with the Causa Dei (Amsterdam: Isaac Troyel, 1710) at the rear. The first issue, which does not include the folding table to the Causa Dei, was published anonymously in 1710. This, the second issue, has the cancel title bearing the phrase “seconde edition” and stating Leibniz’s name, and the folding table. Both include a reply to the views of Thomas Hobbes on liberty and a brief essay on the qualities of the deity (the Causa Dei). It is dedicated to Leibniz’s friend and disciple, Sophia Charlotte of Brandenburg (1668–1705), queen consort in Prussia and the daughter of Leibniz’s patron So- phia of Hanover, in memory of conversations with her upon such subjects. The first edition of theTheodicy is notably scarce in commerce, with just one other copy of the 1712 issue recorded at auction, at Ketterer Kunst Doerling in 2017, in contemporary calf but without the Causa Dei and folding table. The 1710 issue is recorded as having appeared four times. “Although the immediate reaction to the book was somewhat muted, the Theodicy soon became commonly associated with Leibniz’s name in European culture. This association was, at best, a mixed blessing for Leibniz’s legacy. Although the Theodicy 102 earned him posthumous fame and went through several editions during the 18th century, winning the regard of theologians, lat- 101 er in the century it was often met with charges of metaphysical extravagance and expressions of disbelief and mockery. Today, LE TROSNE, Guillaume-François. Recueil de plusieurs Leibniz’s name remains closely associated with the project that morceaux economiques, principalement sur la he developed most fully in the Theodicy. The neologism that Lei- concurrence des étrangers dans le transport de nos grains. bniz coined in the title, from the Greek theos + dike (literally: “the Amsterdam, et se trouve à Paris: Desaint, 1768 justice of God”), has entered the lexicon as a term describing any Duodecimo (164 × 99 mm). Recent marbled paper boards, red morocco attempt to reconcile the goodness of God with the presence of spine label, new endpapers. Engraved head- and tailpieces. Professional evil in the world, a project to which Leibniz had devoted a good repair to gutter of title leaf, occasional dampstain and spotting, other- portion of his life” (Jorgensen & Newlands, pp. 1–2). wise a bright, clean copy. Printing and the Mind of Man 177(a) (first issue); Ravier 70. Causa Dei: Ravier first edition of three of the physiocrat and lawyer’s essays on 68. See Larry M. Jorgensen & Samuel Newlands (ed.), New Essays on Leib- the freedom of the grain trade and the French economy, written niz’s Theodicy (Oxford University Press, 2014). while he was Royal Councillor at the Orléans Presidial Court. The £5,250 [127036] articles are “De l’utilité des discussions économiques”, “Lettre à Monsieur B . . . Une Nation agricole a-t-elle d’autres intérêts dans le Commerce de ses denrées, que celui de sa culture?”, and “Dis- 103 cussion sur l’argent et sur le commerce”, the latter a response to LEIBNIZ, Gottfried Wilhelm von. Lehr-Sätze über die a letter printed in the Journal d’Agriculture, July 1766. Monadologie . . . Aus dem Frantzösischen übersetzt Goldsmiths’ 10397; Higgs 4363; INED 2880; Kress 6571; Mattioli 1972. von Heinrich Köhler; [bound with two other works on £1,750 [120775] Leibniz.] Frankfurt & Leipzig: Widow of Johann Meyer, 1720

48 Peter Harrington 146 the US and Europe (17 copies located by OCLC), the Monadology rarely appears at auction, with only four recorded instances since 1980 (Zisska and Schauer 2011; Reiss and Sohn 2010; Kiefer Buch und Kunstauktionen 2010; Sotheby’s 1984). “Few works of philosophy can rival Leibniz’s Monadology in terms of sweep: it begins with an account of the most basic substances, monads, and ends with God’s intimate relation to the most exalted of these substances, namely minds . . . It is difficult not to be struck by both its scope and its size, and in particular the apparent disparity between the two. In the entire history of philosophy there is little else like it” (Strickland, p. 1). Written in 1714 and published in the original French as late as 1814, it first appeared in print in this very rare German translation in 1720, then in a Latin translation by Christian Wolff a year later. The title “Monadology” was in fact coined by the work’s first editor, Hein- rich Köhler; Leibniz himself never settled on a title, though one of the surviving manuscripts was annotated by a copyist, “The principles of philosophy, by Mr Leibniz”. The Monadology was also one of the first of Leibniz’s philosophical works to be translated into English, in 1867 by Frederick Henry Hedge. The Monadology is bound first of three texts, the subsequent titles being: a) LEIBNIZ, & Clark. Merckwürdig Schrifften, welche zwischen dem Herrn Baron von Leibniz und dem Herrn Clarcke, über besondere Materien der natürlichen Religion . . . Frankfurt & Leipzig: Widow of Johann Meyer, 1720. Ravier 351. b) FONTENELLE, Bernard le Bovier de. Lebens-Beschreibung Herrn Gottfried Wilhelm von Leibnitz . . . Amsterdam: [s.n.], 1720. With 1 engraved folding plate of Leibniz’s calculating machine, without the portrait frontispiece. Ravier 349. Printing and the Mind of Man 177(b); Ravier 352. See Lloyd Strickland’s introduction to Leibniz’s Monadology: A New Translation and Guide (Edinburgh University Press, 2014). £95,000 [127048]

103

3 works bound in 1 volume, octavo (172 × 100 mm). Contemporary full vellum over paste paper boards, edges sprinkled red. Housed in a custom made book form quarter calf flat-back box. Engraved head- and tailpieces, initials. With the engraved folding plate of Leibniz’s calculating machine at p. 119 of the third and final work, but without the engraved portrait frontispiece. Library shelf mark, “Bibl. no. 121” in ink to front pastedown, pencil annotations to verso of each title page. Some loss of vellum to head of spine and top edge of front board, vellum otherwise somewhat spotted and marked as often, faint evidence of removed label to front pastedown, contents evenly browned, else a very good, well-preserved copy of the Monadology bound with two relevant contemporary works. the exceedingly scarce first appearance in print of the monadology, Leibniz’s most mature philosophical work, considered one of the most important philosophical texts of the 18th century. This appealingly unsophisticated contemporary volume gathers the earliest Monadology with two other related works published the same year: the German translation of the renowned correspondence between Leibniz and Clark, and that of Fontenelle’s account of Leibniz’s life and work, with the plate illustrating his most famous invention: the calculating machine. A 16-page contemporary Leibniz bibliography is appended. Though relatively well-represented at leading institutions in 103

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 49 factories than older industrialized countries like Britain. Lenin saw these as predictable consequences of rapid capitalist growth which made any going back to pre-capitalist communal forms of village organization impossible. The growth of large factories also meant concentration of workers in a few places, facilitating their combination in trade union activities. These economic cir- cumstances – the growth of commercial relations in the countryside and of concentration of the urban proletariat – dictated for Lenin, the political strategy of a socialist party which hoped to win power by mass organization. In this sense he can be said to have developed an economic framework for a Marxist political theory. The Development of Capitalism in Russia is even to this day the only comprehensive economic history of a country from a Marx- ist perspective” (Meghnad Desai in The New Palgrave). IESS (1899a); see The New Palgrave III, pp. 162-164 and Walicki, A History of Russian Thought, p. 440ff. £5,750 [121610]

105 LOCKE, John. Posthumous Works: Viz. I. Of the Conduct of the Understanding. II. An Examination of P. Malebranche’s Opinion of Seeing all things in God. III. A Discourse of Miracles. IV. Part of a Fourth Letter for Toleration. V. Memoirs relating to the Life of Anthony first Earl of Shaftsbury. To which is added, VI. His New Method of a Common-Place Book, written originally in French, and now translated into English. London: printed by W. B. for A. and J. Churchill, 1706 Octavo (191 × 118 mm). Contemporary sprinkled panelled calf, unlet- 104 tered spine with raised bands, sprinkled edges. One opening of the Common-place book printed in red and black. Tiny wormhole at head Lenin’s most important work in the original Russian of spine, front joint just cracked at head and corners worn; ownership inscription Charlotte Dod to front free endpaper in pencil, with a few 104 pencil sketches to front pastedown and free endpapers; slight offsetting to preliminary leaves, a few pencil annotations in English and in French; LENIN, Nikolai [pseud., i.e. Vladimir Ilich Ulyanov.] [In a crisp, clean copy. Cyrillic:] Razvitie kapitalizma v Rossii (The Development first edition, edited by Locke’s literary editors, Anthony Col- of Capitalism in Russia). St Petersburg: A. Leifert, 1899 lins and Peter King. It includes for the first time part of the Fourth Octavo (215 × 145 mm). Contemporary quarter roan and pebbled cloth Letter for Toleration (pp. 233–277), which was not printed in its en- boards, spine ruled and direct lettered gilt. With 3 plates (2 folding), tirety until 1829. complete with the errata leaf. Corners and board edges worn, hinges Attig 724; Yolton 299. neatly restored, tears to front free endpaper and final leaf of text professionally repaired; a very good copy. £1,250 [123259] first edition of Lenin’s most important and substantial work, his only genuine contribution to economics, in the original Rus- 106 sian language. “The Development of Capitalism in Russia is an example of Lenin’s acute observation of all facets of the Russian economy. LOCKE, John. Some Familiar Letters between Mr. Locke, Its detailed documentation of the peculiarities of Russian capital- and Several of his Friends. London: printed for A. and J. ism – peculiarities stemming from the ‘simultaneous existence of Churchill, 1708 the most advanced forms of industry and semi-medieval forms of Octavo (189 × 112 mm). Contemporary panelled calf, red morocco label, agriculture’ – provides a concrete answer to the questions of how edges sprinkled red. Expertly refurbished, with joints repaired and new it was possible for the October revolution to succeed twenty years sympathetic label. Small chip at head of final few leaves, final page lightly later and to what it owed its specific features” (Walicki). soiled. A very good copy. “On the industrial side, Russia’s late arrival entailed an active role first edition, the first authorized collection of any letters by for the Tsarist state in fostering industrialization and an influx Locke. Published four years after Locke’s death, the volume is of foreign capital to finance the development. This meant that presumed to have been compiled and edited by Locke’s cousin Russia, although a newly industrializing country in the 1890s, and principal heir Peter King. The collection comprises three had a larger proportion of its industrial labour force in large sets of correspondence. The first are the letters between Locke

50 Peter Harrington 146 105 107 and the Irish experimental philosopher William Molyneux (1656– 107 1698), a correspondence which lasted from 1692 until Molyneux’s LOCKE, John. Ragionamenti sopra la moneta, l’interesse death. The volume contains the first printed form of the letter sent by Molyneux on 2 March 1693, where he proposed what has del danaro, le finanze e il commercio. Scritti e pubblicati since become known as “Molyneux’s Problem”, which enquires in diverse occasioni dal Signor Giovanni Locke. Tradotta whether a blind man able to distinguish between a sphere and la prima volta dall’inglese con varie annotazioni. Florence: cube by touch would be able to do so if he gained his sight. Both Andrea Bonducci, 1751 Locke and Molyneux agreed that he could not, and “the problem 2 volumes bound in 1, quarto (245 × 179 mm). Modern half vellum and had profound philosophical implications and became a key topic plain paper boards, new spine labels. Titles printed in red and black, en- in British philosophy” (ODNB). Locke referenced the problem in graved vignette to first title, large folding table at end of volume. Boards his Essay Concerning Human Understanding in 1689. The second col- lightly marked, small ownership stamp to first title, and one or two mi- lection of letters consists of those between Locke and Willliam nor stains; a crisp, clean copy. Molyneux’s son Thomas (1661–1733), and the third collection rare first edition in italian of Some Considerations of the consists of letters in Latin between Locke and his friend Philip- Consequences of the Lowering of Interest and Raising the Value of Money pus van Limborch (1633–1712), the Dutch theologian. The book is (1692) and Further Considerations concerning Raising the Value of Money unusual in including letters both to and from the recipient, with (1695). It is the only early translation of Locke’s papers on money, collections in the 17th and 18th centuries generally only includ- based on the folio Works of 1740, and is furnished with extensive ing the latter. footnotes by the translators Giovanni Pagnini and Angelo Tavan- provenance: the Edge Hall Library, home of the Dod family, with ti. It is issued here with a treatise by Pagnini, appended at the end the ownership inscription of J. Dod on the prefatory remarks, dat- of the second volume. ed 1747, and the library shelfmark on the spine. Dispersed in 2017, Attig 507; Kress Italian 275; Yolton 164. the Edge Hall Library was formed largely in the 19th century, and £2,750 [126250] was a typical country house library from the time. Yolton 346; ESTC T117287. £1,000 [124109]

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 51 first edition, john locke’s copy, with his ownership inscription and press-mark to the upper inside cover, the usual location for his signature. Minsheu’s was the first etymological dictionary of the English language, and only the second etymological dictionary of any modern European language (after the Dutch of 1599). Minsheu spent much of the 1610s seeking funding for its publication, eventually publishing over ten lists of sub- scribers. (Some authorities claim this to be the first use of sub- scription publication in England.) Harrison & Laslett’s catalogue of Locke’s library (2nd ed., 1971) lists this copy in the possession of Miss M. Waller of Oxford. Harrison & Laslett 1997; STC 17944. £25,000 [83750]

109 LUXEMBURG, Rosa. Die Akkumulation des Kapitals. Ein Beitrag zur ökonomischen Erklärung des Imperialismus. Berlin: Buchhandlung Vorwärts Paul Singer, 1913 Octavo. Original printed wrappers, spine and front wrapper printed in black. Head and tail of spine professionally repaired, with loss of some of the spine lettering, wrappers sunned with some short tears and creasing to extremities, else a bright, clean copy. first edition. Rosa Luxemburg (1870–1919) was a socialist thinker and writer, one of the leaders of Polish and German So- cial Democracy, and an economist. In the period 1907–14, she lectured in political economy, then in economic history. Towards the end of that period, she elaborated her lecture notes to publish them in the form of a manual, but in view of the theoretical problems she encountered, the manuscript was left unfinished. These 108 problems stemmed from her conviction that political economy found its peak and climax in Marx’s works and that it could be 108 developed by his followers only in details. Attempting to give an outline of the general tendencies of the capitalist economy, she (LOCKE, John.) MINSHEU, John. Hegemon eis tas could find no satisfactory answer in Marx to the question “what glossas [graece] id est, Ductor in linguas, The Guide are the objective historical limits to capitalism?” Excited by her into Tongues. Cum illarum harmonia, & etymologijs, own hypothesis, she wrote over five hundred pages within four originationibus, rationibus, & deriuationibus in omnibus months, and turned it over to her publisher without even reading his vndecim linguis . . . The guide into the tongues. With it; this was to be Die Akkumulation des Kapitals. their agreement and consent one with another, as also Stammhammer, p. 955. their etymologies . . . London: And are to be sold at John Brownes £850 [119491] shop, 1617 Folio (380 × 250 mm) in 2 parts. Contemporary calf, rebacked, relabelled 110 to style, corners repaired. Without the separately printed list of subscrib- ers, double column, first title within woodcut decorative border, with 2 MACHIAVELLI, Niccolò. The Works of the famous Nicolas additional dedication leaves to each part not mentioned in the collation Machiavel, Citizen and secretary of Florence. Written given by ESTC, without the final leaf (presumed blank). Final text leaf frayed at lower corner with loss of part of border and with hole, but with originally in Italian, and from thence newly and faithfully no loss of text, water-stained, occasional marginal worming, but a good translated into English. London: for R. Clavel, C. Harper, J. copy. Amery, J. Robinson, A. and J. Churchil; and Sold by Cha. Harper, and A. and J. Churchil, 1695

108

52 Peter Harrington 146 Folio (316 × 193 mm). Contemporary speckled calf, recent red label to style. 2 20th-century bookplates to front pastedown, mid-19th-century ownership signature to title page. Joints, corners and spine ends skilfully restored, covers a little scuffed in places; marginal worming to the first 100 pages with a little loss to fore edges of 40 pages, a few short closed tears, very slight dampstain at foot of final few leaves; a very good copy. Third edition, second issue, with cancel title page dated 1695; the first issue is dated 1694. The book constitutes all of Machiavelli’s best known works: The History of Florence, The Prince, The Discourses, and The Art of War. The Art of War had first been translated into English in 1562 and The History of Florence in 1595. The translation of Innocent Gen- tillet’s “Anti-Machiavel” in 1602 included many passages from The Prince, marking their first translation into English. Edward Dacres then produced the first English translation of the Discourses in 1636 and the first full translation ofThe Prince in 1640. This edition, first published by John Starkey in 1675 and republished in 1680, was a new translation of each of these works and marked the first publication of Machiavelli’s collected works in English. The translation is attributed to Henry Neville (1620–1694), an Eng- lish republican politician and writer with strong Italian connec- 111 tions, who served as an MP in the Rump Parliament and became a thorn in Cromwell’s side. The work is notable in its attempt to re- habilitate Machiavelli, who at the time was synonymous with wick- grand duke of Tuscany, the viceroy of Sardinia, the Austrian gover- edness and tyranny; alongside a favourable preface to the reader, nor of Lombardy, Catherine the Great and Pope Pius VI, and a team the book includes the justificatory “Nicholas Machiavel’s Letter to of editors headed by the Florentine Jansenist Reginaldo Tanzini Zenobius Buondelmontius, in vindication of himself and his writ- (1746–1825): “given their religious and moral convictions, it was nat- ings”, a forgery either by the translator or by an unknown Italian, ural that the Jansenists should consider Machiavelli, the republican which rather sloppily purports to have been written by Machiavelli who was an enemy of the popes, as their ‘dearest idol.’ The name ten years after his death. In Neville’s Plato Redivivus, published in of Machiavelli appears often in their letters, and in Florence it was 1680, he referred to “the divine” and “the incomparable Machia- the Jansenists who edited, ‘in crocchio,’ (‘in a small group’) under vel”; however, his belief that Machiavelli would be rehabilitated the supervision of the Abbot Reginaldo Tanzini, secretary of Scipio- through the near-complete publication of his original texts in ne de’ Ricci, bishop of Pistoia and descendant of Giuliano de’ Ricci English cannot be seen to have been vindicated, with Machiavelli [Machiavelli’s nephew], a new and important edition of the works of maintaining his negative connotations to this day. Machiavelli” (Maurizio Viroli, Machiavelli’s God, Princeton University Press, 2010, p. 256). This was also the edition that “first spread the ESTC R17207. news of the translation of The Prince into Ottoman Turkish” (Biasiori £3,250 [123594] and Marcocci, eds., Machiavelli, Islam and the East: Reorienting the Foun- dations of Modern Political Thought, 2017, p. 182). The dedication is to A new and important edition the art collector and patron George Nassau Clavering Cowper, third earl Cowper (1738–1789) and each volume blazons his arms on the 111 title page: “The title and property inherited from his father in 1764 helped Cowper gain a position of importance within Florentine so- MACHIAVELLI, Niccolò. Opere. Florence: Gaetano Cambiagi, ciety . . . In 1766 he became a member of the Accademia delle arti del 1782–3 Disegno (known as the Florentine Academy) and two years later he 6 volumes, quarto (277 × 210 mm). Contemporary dark blue straight- was elected to the Accademia della Crusca” (ODNB). grain morocco by Henry Walther (with his ticket in vol. I), spines gilt lettered and numbered direct, 5 pairs of raised bands, two-line gilt bor- One of the most important editions of Machiavelli presented der on sides, intersecting gilt semi-circle decoration at the corners, gilt here in a restrained but distinguished binding from the atelier of Greek-key roll tool to turn-ins, marbled endpapers, gilt edges, pink silk the celebrated Henry Walther, one of the foremost London bind- book markers. Engraved portrait frontispiece of Machiavelli by Gregori ers of the period. after Santi di Tito, large arms of Earl Cowper on each title page, folding Brunet III 1275; Gamba 628 (“edizione la piú ricco”). plate facing p. 333 in vol. II (showing the layout of an army camp), another facing p. 1 in vol. IV (a facsimile of Machiavelli’s handwriting). Armo- £2,250 [120895] rial bookplates of Sir Robert D’Arcy Hildyard (1743–1814), High Sheriff of Yorkshire. Minor rubbing to extremities, a few scrapes, slight scuff to top edge of vol. VI, library stamp removed from final leaf of each volume (with concomitant faint dampstain), previous bookplates removed (with tears to those remaining). A tall, clean set. first cambiagi edition, containing a number of previously unpublished works. The Enciclopedia Machiavelliana remarks that the production of this handsome edition was a “complex editorial operation” involving the garnering of original manuscripts from the

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 53 113

112 modern economists referring to his work when analysing the stock market bubbles of our own age. “Charles Mackay’s passion- MACKAY, Charles. Memoirs of Extraordinary Popular ate erudition and urbane, unaffected prose style contributed to Delusions. London: Richard Bentley, 1841 make him one of the chief figures in the establishment of Victori- 3 volumes, octavo. Original brown cloth, relined and rebacked preserving an journalism as a dignified profession” (ODNB). the original spines lettered in gilt and ruled in blind, boards elaborately Dennistoun & Goodman 58; Kress C.5560; Zerden, pp. 77–8; not in Gold- decorated in blind, yellow endpapers, edges uncut. Housed in a red cloth smiths’ or Mattioli. flat-back box. With an additional leaf of publisher’s advertisements to the front of volume 2. Frontispieces with tissue guards to each volume and 2 £10,000 [121427] engraved portrait plates to volume 3. Illustrated bookplates to front pastedowns, removal of library labels from spines apparent, reference numbers to title pages in pencil, ownership inscription to front free endpaper 113 of volume 2, and a few marginal annotations to the same, including the (MAGNA CARTA.) PINE, John. Magna Carta. By date 27 July 1842 to the final page. Boards faded and a little marked with a few knocks, front hinge of volume 2 reinforced, contents tanned with Permission of . . . the Trustees of the Cottonian Library. some nicks to fore edges, plates and guards foxed as often, minor worm This Plate being a Correct Copy of King John’s Great damage to the rear free endpaper of volume 3, otherwise a very good set. Charter . . . London: John Pine, 1733 first edition. Mackay’s important early work of social psy- Engraving printed on vellum (700 × 480 mm), central panel of text sur- chology discusses popular delusions of all types and considers rounded by the 25 coats-of-arms of the barons, hand-coloured, and a sim- the credulous enthusiasm of mankind for phenomena such as ilar representation of the remains of King John’s Great Seal, all panels en- alchemy, witchcraft, relics, the Crusades, urban myths, as well closed by hand-coloured oak leaf and acorn borders. Recently float-mounted, framed and glazed, conservation mountboard, UV resistant glass, eb- as economic events such as tulip mania, the Mississippi Bubble, onized and gilt frame. A little cockled, old tack holes rusted through at the and the South Sea Bubble. Still in print, Mackay’s book has had margins, bottom edge a little damp-stained, colour faded, remains about a profound influence on economics and sociology, with many very good.

54 Peter Harrington 146 112 first impression, printed on vellum, of this meticulously engraved copy of the Magna Carta, “a sacred text, the nearest approach to an irrepealable ‘fundamental statute’ that England has ever had” (Pollock & Maitland, History of English Law, I, p. 173). The work of John Pine (1690–1756) engraver, publisher, print- and mapseller, Bluemantle Pursuivant at the College of Arms, and En- graver to the King’s Signet and Stamp Office, this printing was 114 made from one of the Cottonian library copies and heraldically embellished by him with the arms of the rebellious barons. goods had in fact been exchanged for the same quantity of gold Magna Carta is perhaps the most celebrated legal document of the or silver, because the lowering quantity of metal in the coins had English-speaking world, of which Churchill declared: “Here is a remained proportional to the increase in prices. This work, now law which is above the King and which even he must not break. scarce in its first edition, provoked a famous Réponse by Bodin, This reaffirmation of a supreme law and its expression in a gener- published in 1568, an attack on the effects of the deluge of Peru- al charter is the great work of Magna Carta; and this alone justifies vian silver that had invaded Europe, in which he was the first to the respect in which men have held it” (History of the English-speak- demonstrate “that the diminution in the weight of the coins was ing Peoples, I, p. 257). by no means commensurate with the change in prices” (Monroe, Lowndes 1449–50. Monetary theory before Adam Smith, p. 57). £22,500 [109413] Malestroit’s work was also the first to use the form of “paradoxes” in economics. Its theory “influenced the monetary reform of 114 1577 which made it obligatory to render accounts in real money, taking the escu d’or as its basis” (A. Steczowicz, “Renaissance MALESTROIT, Jean Cherruyt de. Les paradoxes du monetary paradoxes: the Malestroit–Bodin controversy”, in Re- seigneur de Malestroit, conseiller du Roy, et Maistre naissance Journal 2.4, Warwick University, June 2005). ordinaire des ses comptes, sur le faict des Mõnoyes, Three issues were published in 1566: two in Paris, by Vascosan presentez à sa Maiesté, au mois de Mars, M.D.LXVI. Paris: and Martin, and one in Lyon. The Martin issue, of which only one de l’imprimerie de M. de Vascosan, 1566 copy survives, has 10 leaves only, while the Lyon issue (again, one Small quarto (151 × 97 mm), 24 pp. Late 19th- or early 20th-century half copy extant only) has the same collation as this Vascosan issue. A morocco and marbled boards, spine lettered gilt, comb marbled endpa- second edition came out 12 years later, in 1578. pers, green silk ribbon marker. Woodcut vignette and initials. Extrem- Dekesel M1. Two other copies only of this edition found (Bibliothèque ities very lightly rubbed, closed tear at foot of title repaired, small wax Nationale and the Bibliothèque de l’Hôtel de la Monnaie); one copy of stain to a couple of leaves, a very good copy. the Martin 1566 issue listed in the catalogue of the Herzogin Anna Amalia first edition of Malestroit’s controversial treatise demon- Bibliothek in Weimar; one copy of the Lyon 1566 issue in Bologna Uni- strating, against the contemporary popular opinion in France, versity Library. the constancy of prices over the past three centuries. Malestroit £37,500 [126005] sought to prove that, despite the nominal raising of prices, the

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 55 115

Correct first edition of Malthus’s rare work stamp, and pencil marks to title page sometime discreetly removed, spill burn to fore edges of first three leaves, a few minor chips to fore edges of 115 sigs. G7 and L5, contents occasionally foxed and marked with a few neat pencil annotations to margins (including an addition to the errata), else [MALTHUS, Thomas Robert.] An Essay on the Principle fresh internally. of Population, as it Affects the Future Improvement rare first edition of one of the most important and influen- of Society. With Remarks on the Speculations of Mr. tial works in the history of economic thought. “Malthus was not Godwin, M. Condorcet, and Other Writers. London: printed the first writer to make the obvious point that the growth of pop- for J. Johnson, 1798 ulation is ultimately limited by the food supply. He was, however, Octavo (210 × 128 mm). Early 19th-century black polished half sheep, the first to bring it home to readers with the aid of a simple, pow- dark red morocco spine labels, spine divided by dot-and-lozenge role and erful metaphor: population when allowed to increase without double rules with fleurons to first, third, fourth and fifth compartments, limit, increases in a geometrical ratio, while the food supply can marbled paper boards and endpapers. Housed in a custom made brown at best increase at an arithmetical ratio; so, whatever the plausi- half morocco book-form box. A very good copy in a provincial binding. ble rate of increase of the food supply, an unchecked multiplica- Minor professional refurbishment, one small area of wear to top edge of tion of human beings must quickly lead to standing-room only” rear board, some faint scuffs to boards, later endpapers sometime re- (Blaug, Great Economists before Keynes, p. 141). paired at hinges with gutter exposed at title page, early ink inscription,

56 Peter Harrington 146 “The central idea of the essay – and hub of the Malthusian theory – was a simple one . . . If the natural increase in population occurs the food supply becomes insufficient and the size of the population is checked by ‘misery’ – that is the poorest sections of the community suffer disease and famine. Malthus recognis- es two other possible checks to population expansion: first ‘vice’ – that is, homosexuality, prostitution, and abortion (all totally unacceptable to Malthus); and second ‘moral restraint’ – the vol- untary limitation of the product of children by the postponement of marriage” (PMM). “For today’s readers, living in a post-Malthus era, the world’s population problems are well known and serious, but no longer sensational. It is difficult therefore to appreciate the radical and controversial impact made by the Essay at the time of publication. It challenged the conventional notion that population growth is an unmixed blessing. It discussed prostitution, contraception, and other sexual matters. And it gave vivid descriptions of the horrendous consequences of overpopulation and of the brutal means by which populations are checked” (ODNB). Despite its unpopularity with liberal critics, Malthus’s principle of population became accepted as a central tenet of classical political economy and Charles Darwin acknowledged Malthus’s influence in the development of his theory of natural selection. Malthus was subsequently appointed Professor of History and Po- litical Economy at the East India Company’s Haileybury College. Carpenter XXXII (1); Einaudi 3667; Garrison–Morton 1693; Goldsmiths’ 17268; Kress B3693; McCulloch, pp. 259–60; Norman 1431; Printing and the Mind of Man 251.

£150,000 [127772] 116

116 be done, especially in describing the means by which populations MALTHUS, Thomas Robert. An Essay on the Principle are checked and in drawing out the practical implications of the of Population; or, A View of its Past and Present Effects principle of population. In the second edition, he made clear what on Human Happiness . . . A New Edition, Very Much was only implicit in the first, that prudential restraint should, if humanly possible, be ‘moral restraint’ – that is, delayed marriage Enlarged; [bound with] — Reply to The Chief Objections accompanied by strictly moral pre-marital behaviour, although which have been urged against The Essay on The Principle he admitted that moral restraint would not be easy and that there of Population. Published in An Appendix to the Third would be occasional failures. Whereas in the first edition he had Edition. London: printed for J. Johnson, 1803 & 1806 said that all the checks to population would involve either misery 2 works in 1 volume, quarto (272 × 210 mm). Rebound to style in speckled or vice, in the second edition he attempted to lighten this ‘melan- half calf, red morocco spine label, compartments decorated in gilt, mar- choly hue’ (Essay on the Principle of Population, 1st edn., 1798, iv) and bled paper boards and edges. Hinges neatly restored. Foxing to contents, ‘to soften some of the harshest conclusions of the first essay’ (2nd closed tear to gutter of title repaired, pale stain at head of title where sig- edn., 1803, vii) by arguing that moral restraint, if supported by an nature has been erased, some small nicks to edges and a few ink marks to education emphasizing the immorality of bringing children into margins, minor loss to edges of sig. b2 and Nn1, a very good copy. the world without the means of supporting them, would tend to first “great quarto” edition of An Essay on the Principle of increase rather than diminish individual happiness” (ODNB). Population, the second edition overall of the work published in Although the Reply was written as an appendix to accompany the 1798, but so substantially enlarged, rewritten and re-titled as to third octavo edition of 1806, it was also printed on quarto sheets be a new work; bound with the separately printed and rare Reply, and sold separately for the benefit of those who already possessed which together make up one of the most important and influen- the quarto second edition. In it, Malthus strongly objected to the tial works in the history of economic thought. criticism levelled at him by his most ferocious critics, including Malthus “did not claim originality for the idea that population tends Coleridge, Southey, Hazlitt, and Cobbett. There are only 10 re- to outrun the food supply. In the preface to the second edition he corded copies of the quarto Appendix in institutional holdings stated that in writing the first edition he had deduced the principle worldwide (OCLC). of population from the writings of David Hume, Robert Wallace, Einaudi 3668 and 3682; Goldsmiths’ 18640 and 19211; Kress B4701; Print- Adam Smith, and Richard Price, but that in the intervening peri- ing and the Mind of Man 251. See Mark Blaug, Great Economists before Keynes od he had become aware that much more had been published on (Wheatsheaf Books, 1986). the subject. He nevertheless believed that even more remained to £6,500 [114664]

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 57 work and private luxury as a means of increasing effective demand, and hence as a palliative to economic distress. The nation, he thought, must balance the power to produce and the will to consume” (DSB). “The Principles had only a limited impact at the time, and was severely criticized by J. R. McCulloch and Ricardo; the latter prepared extensive critical notes. But more recently it has received greater recognition, largely as a result of the comments by J. M. Keynes in the 1930s. Keynes argued that Malthus’s theory of effective demand provided a scientific explanation of unemployment, and that the hundred-year domination of Ricar- do over Malthus had been a disaster for the progress of economics. Keynes believed that if economics had followed Malthus instead of being constrained by Ricardo in an artificial groove, the world would be a much wiser and richer place” (ODNB). Goldsmiths’ 22767; Kress C.577. £1,500 [75206]

119 [MANDEVILLE, Bernard.] The Fable of the Bees: or, Private Vices, Publick Benefits. London: printed for J. Roberts, 1714 Duodecimo (155 × 93 mm). 18th-century calf, rebacked to style, boards 117 panelled in blind with floral corner pieces. Housed in a brown cloth flat- back box by the Chelsea Bindery. Engraved head- and tailpieces, initials. 117 Armorial bookplate of William Graves to front pastedown, motto “Aquila non captat muscas”, with his ownership inscription at head of title. Neat- MALTHUS, Thomas Robert. An Essay on the Principle of ly rebacked and recornered, some minor cracks and marks to boards, Population; or, A View of Its Past and Present Effects on endpapers browned from turn-ins, hinges restored, a small closed tear Human Happiness; with an Inquiry into Our Prospects to foot of title leaf professionally repaired with Japanese tissue to verso Respecting the Future Removal or Mitigation of the Evils and a few tiny punctures to title leaf margins repaired in the same manner, contents browned and foxed with a spot of minor dampstain to the Which It Occasions. In Two Volumes. The Third Edition. fore edge of gathering K, L4 slightly shorter at fore edge and a chip to L5, London: for J. Johnson by T. Bensley, 1806 overall a very good copy. 2 volumes, tall octavo. Original green paper backed blue boards, printed rare first edition under this title, first issue, of this paper labels to spines. Reference library bookplates to front pastedowns. “celebrated work, which through Adam Smith, had an immense Boards rubbed, wear to extremities, professional repairs to joints and influence on political economy” (Foxwell). The work originated ends of spines, occasional light spotting to contents. A very good set. in 1705 as a poem titled The Grumbling Hive; this is the first edition Third edition, following the extensively revised “Great Quarto” to contain the twenty “Remarks” which annotate and explain var- of 1803, and the first in two octavo volumes, the format which ious lines in the verse fable. was to remain the standard in Malthus’s lifetime for the most Highly controversial upon publication, The Fable of the Bees “ex- widely-discussed economic tract of its era. This third edition has ercised a powerful influence in shaping the intellectual agenda important alterations and additions, particularly the appendix, of economists and other social scientists later in the 18th cen- in which Malthus replied to some of his many critics. tury” (New Palgrave III, p. 298). This copy reveals the contempo- Kress B.5067. rary reactions of its first reader, James Hampton (c.1721–1778), £1,750 [74871] translator of Polybius and Church of England clergyman. While a student at Oxford, “Hampton was equally distinguished for his 118 scholarship and boisterousness. On one occasion he deliberately provoked a quarrel by kicking over a tea-table in the rooms of his MALTHUS, Thomas Robert. Principles of Political old schoolfellow the poet William Collins” (ODNB). His spirited Economy considered with a view to their practical nature is conveyed in his marginalia in this copy, which disagree application. London: John Murray, 1820 vehemently with Mandeville. The author’s use of the terms “vice” Octavo (218 × 137 mm). Rebound to style in half calf, retaining 19th-centu- and “virtue” (p. 31) is greeted with the comment, “a vile defini- ry marbled boards, endpapers, and edges, smooth spine gilt in compart- tion because untrue”. To the author’s assertion that “it was not ments and with red morocco label. A few trivial spots, a very good copy. any Heathen Religion or other Idolatrous Superstition, that first first edition. The book was conceived as a series of tracts put Man upon crossing his Appetities [sic] and subduing his dear- rather than a comprehensive and systematic treatise, though est Inclinations, but the skilful Management of wary Politicians” Malthus published it to establish his own position against that (p. 34), Hampton responds: “Any man who examines fairly will of Ricardo, with whom he had been having an ongoing debate find this a damn’d lie”. Hampton’s closing judgement on the Fable about the nature of labour, demand and profit. “In his Principles is that: “all within the circumflex is impudence” (p. 40). In his of Political Economy, Malthus was proposing investment in public will Hampton bequeathed his property to William Graves, of the

58 Peter Harrington 146 119

Inner Temple, who marked his ownership of this copy with his Octavo (191 × 115 mm). 20th-century panelled calf, spine gilt in compart- bookplate and his inscription to the title page. ments with red label lettered in gilt, panels ruled and roll-tooled in blind with blind-stamped cornerpieces, gilt turn-ins, marbled endpapers, red The first issue has a fleuron on the title, leaf I3 mis-signed I2, and silk book marker. Bookplate to pastedown. Very slight rubbing to covers, “rejoyning” instead of “rejoicing” on p. 36, line 26. The second very slight creasing to some pages. A very good copy. issue corrects the error on page 36, has leaf B3 mis-signed B5 as first edition, variant state with page xix misnumbered ixx, well as I3 mis-signed I2 and is issued with a cancel title page re- without known priority. Free Thoughts was Bernard Mandeville’s moving the fleuron and adding text in its place: “containing, Sev- (1670–1733) most substantial work to date. Borrowing heavily eral Discourses, to demonstrate, That Human Frailties, during from Pierre Bayle, and in fact transcribing substantial passages, the degeneracy of mankind, may be turn’d to the Advantage of Mandeville’s treatise provides a defence of religious toleration the civil society, and made to supply the Place of Moral Virtues”. and constitutional government. Mandeville espouses a moder- The alteration to the title was presumably intended to attract a ately whiggish position, and it is a work which proved far less wider readership, extending the title to explain the moral and controversial than his other treatises attacking Christian ethics, philosophical merits of the work. defending brothels and opposing charity schools. The book was Goldsmiths’ 5094; Kress 2914 (second issue); Mattioli 2228; Sraffa 3722. reissued in 1721 and 1723, with new editions in 1729 and 1731, and Not in Einaudi. was translated into French, Dutch and German. £19,750 [123378] ESTC T59022. £1,500 [123750] 120 MANDEVILLE, Bernard. Free Thoughts on Religion, the Church, and National Happiness. London: printed, and sold by T. Jauncy, and J. Roberts, 1720

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 59 121 [MANDEVILLE, Bernard.] A letter to Dion, Occasion’d by his Book call’d Alciphron, or The Minute Philosopher. London: Printed and Sold by J. Roberts, 1732 Octavo (195 × 120 mm). Recently rebound in quarter sprinkled calf and marbled boards, vellum tips, spine ruled gilt, red morocco label, Wood- cut vignette to title page, head- and tailpieces. Neat ink annotations to title page and page 1, a few pencil annotations to contents. Contents browned with some faint marginal dampstain, a few ink marks to title page and page 70, originally stab-sewn; overall a very good copy. first edition, extremely scarce in commerce, of the physician and political philosopher’s last work, a pamphlet in defence of his notorious Fable of the Bees. “In the second dialogue in his Alciphron (1732), George Berkeley had lampooned Mandeville through Ly- sicles, a conceited but intellectually shallow, antinomian free- thinker and atheist. Not only did the Letter contend that Berkeley was mistaken about the views expressed in the Fable of the Bees, which Mandeville reiterated, contending that they were entirely consistent with strict morality and true Christianity, but also it maintained that a person of Berkeley’s intelligence and character could only have so mischaracterized the doctrine of the Fable because he had accepted common reports of the work rather than actually having read it himself ” (ODNB). The Letter, considered to present “in more emphatic and sharper form than elsewhere” essential elements of Mandeville’s system of thought (Viner, p. 178), is very uncommon, though well represented in British and American institutions. Mattioli 2232; Rothschild 1376; Sraffa 3728. 123 £2,000 [120041]

Marshall’s first book 122 MARSHALL, Alfred, & Mary Paley. The Economics of Industry. London: Macmillan and Co., 1879 Octavo. Original green cloth, spine and front cover lettered in black. Bookplate of the Royal Statistical Society to front cover and front free endpaper verso, with their acquisition label to front pastedown marking the book’s receipt on 24 October 1879, presented by Messrs Macmillan & Co., blind embossed library stamp to upper margin of pp. v, 40. Ex- tremities lightly rubbed, cloth a little cockled in places, joints and hinges professionally restored, title and upper margin slightly dust-soiled, a very good copy of a scarce title. first edition of Marshall’s first book, written jointly with his wife Mary Paley Marshall, very rare in commerce. “Ostensibly an elementary primer, this book contained the first general statement of Marshall’s emerging theories, and a considerable sophistication lay beneath its deceptively simple surface. Together with the powerful Pure Theory chapters published by Henry Sidgwick, a few copies of which circulated outside Cambridge, The Econom- ics of Industry marked Marshall as a rising star in the economic firmament” (The New Palgrave III, p. 351.) Keynes (7). £6,250 [119349]

122

60 Peter Harrington 146 123 [MARTYN, Henry.] Considerations Upon the East-India Trade. London: A. and J. Churchill, 1701 Octavo (191 × 116 mm). Recent full calf, double-rule blind-stamped border to boards, spine ruled in blind, red morocco label. Extremities very lightly rubbed, upper margin of title with ragged edge, title and lower margin lightly soiled, leaf edges a little browned in places, a very good copy. first edition, republished in 1720 under the title of The Ad- vantages of the East India Trade to England considered, described by McCulloch as “a profound, able, and most ingenious tract.” He goes on to state that “the author is probably the first who has conclusively shown the advantage of employing machinery, and cheaper methods of production, in the manufacture of commodities; and who has shown that such employment is not injurious, but advantageous to the labourers as well as to the other classes of the community. He has, also, set the powerful influence of the division of labour in the most striking point of view, and has illustrated it with a skill and felicity which even Smith has not surpassed, but by which he most probably profited” (The Literature of Political Economy, p. 100). Goldsmiths’ 3784; Kress 2310; McCulloch, p. 99ff. £8,500 [120960]

The first publication of the foreword, and the first appearance in print of the title

“Das kommunistische Manifest” 124 124 by Liebknecht’s Volkstaat press (of which this present copy is an MARX, Karl, & Friedrich Engels. Das kommunistische example) that the new June 24 preface by Marx and Engels was Manifest. Neue Ausgabe mit einem Vorwort der Verfasser. printed, with an additional title page. In the preface Marx and Leipzig: Verlag der Expedition des “Volksstaat” [Druck von Fr. Engels express their wish to prepare a revised edition with an Thiele], 1872 introduction bridging the historical development since the first Small octavo (176 × 109 mm), pp. 27. Original printed wrappers with edition of 1848. Despite their plans, the preface remained un- green backstrip, sewn. Housed in a custom made red morocco folding changed for many subsequent editions. The Liebknecht text is case. Ownership inscription, “Georg Vogel, cand. phil. Würzburg” to especially notable for being the first manifesto to appear under front wrapper in ink, a few very faint pencil marks. A number of discreet the shortened title Das kommunistische Manifest. This proved to be repairs using Japanese tissue, overall browned and creased with some a historic change and helped to draw the pamphlet out of the ob- staining, else a very good copy. scurity it had fallen into during the 1850s and 60s. very rare first liebknecht edition, marking a pivotal mo- Due to censorship – and fear of another treason trial – the Lieb- ment in the Communist Manifesto’s publishing history, containing knecht Manifesto could not be advertised publicly, and very few the first publication of the new preface by Marx and Engels and copies of the small print-run were distributed. “The offprint edi- the first appearance in print of the now canonical titleDas kom- tion – which is historically labelled the 1872 edition – was actually munistische Manifest, adapted from its earlier iteration, Manifest der produced in only a few copies plus a batch of a hundred sent to kommunistischen Partei. Notably scarce, it is recorded as having ap- Engels himself . . . Engels sent copies of this edition around Eu- peared only once at auction (Galerie Bassenge, 2011) and OCLC rope, in response to requests, as a model for foreign editions and locates just eleven copies in institutions worldwide (four in Ger- reprints. Thus this ghost-edition became the progenitor of many many, three in Switzerland, two in the US, and one apiece in Po- real ones” (Draper, The Marx–Engels Chronicle, pp. 179–80, 34). land and the Netherlands). Andréas, Le Manifeste Communiste 72; Die Erstdrucke der Werke von Marx und In March 1872 the Manifesto was read into the official court records Engels, p. 14; Draper ST/ME29a; Rubel 712. as evidence during leading social democrats Wilhelm Liebknecht and August Bebel’s treason trial in Leipzig, rendering it legally £25,000 [125973] publishable in Germany for the first time (the first edition had been published in London in 1848). Over the next few months the party arranged for the trial record to appear in serial fascicules, with the Manifesto appearing in the third and final fascicule in mid-June. However, it was only in the offprint edition published

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 61 First edition of Marx’s announcements for Capital, part of a complete run of Der Vorbote, from the library of Johann Most 125 MARX, Karl. Advance announcements of the publication of Das Kapital. [In:] Der Vorbote. Politische und sozial-ökonomische Zeitschrift. Zentralorgan der Sektionsgruppe deutscher Sprache der Internationalen Arbeiterassociation. Geneva: Verlag der Association, 1867 125 Octavo (204 × 122 mm), a complete run (72 monthly issues from 1866 to 1871). Recent purple half morocco and marbled paper boards, new endpapers, retaining the original front free endpaper (see below). Spine lettered and dated in gilt (with the title misspelled as “Der Verbote”). Con- temporary ownership inscription of “J. Most” – Johann Most (1846–1906) – in blue pencil, a second inscription to title page of April 1869 issue, and occasional annotation to the text. Contents generally clean with occasional spotting and dampstain, some stab-holes visible at gutters, a few issues trimmed in the binding process, those printed on inferior paper stock fragile at the margins and with a few short tears and more toning than others, 1 full leaf (April 1868) and 1 half-leaf (January 1870) cut away and 4 other instances of excised portions clipped from the text by a previous owner; a rare survival. first edition of Marx’s formal announcements, both signed 125 and unsigned, of the publication of the first volume of his mag- num opus, Das Kapital, in the uncommon revolutionary socialist and Marx even contributed to the fund against his prosecution. journal Der Vorbote, with an exceptional provenance, being from Most fled to America in 1882. On the news of Marx’s death he the library of the German radical journalist and agitator Johann gave a speech at the memorial meeting held in New York. Most, who played a part in Kapital’s publication history and with See Draper, The Marx-Engels Cyclopedia (1985). whom Marx had a turbulent relationship. When the first volume ofKapital was finally published on 14 Sep- £15,000 [120907] tember 1867, Marx and Engels “set about breaking through the silence of the German press” (Draper I 1867.1) by placing notices in various international papers, with limited success. Marx had written to Johann Philipp Becker, the founder and editor of Der First edition, inscribed to César De Paepe, the leader Vorbote, in April 1867 to pre-emptively ask for his help; as a result, the first advance announcement appeared in Der Vorbote’s issue of the International Working Men’s Association of the same month, with two further pre-publication announce- in Belgium ments printed in the June and July issues. The official announcement of Kapital’s publication was printed in the September issue, 126 and successive notices printed in October and November. These MARX, Karl. Das Kapital. Kritik der politischen were some of the earliest notices to be printed after Kapital’s Oekonomie. Erster Band. Hamburg: Otto Meissner, 1867 publication and are all included in this volume, along with other Octavo. Contemporary half calf with gilt-stamped spine title and mar- highly valuable contributions from most of the major figures of bled covers. Housed in a red quarter morocco solander box by the Chelsea 19th-century international communism. Bindery. Light toning throughout, with the odd discolouration near the Johann Most is best known for his later anarchist period in Amer- beginning, a tiny tear to the top edge of p. 353, but generally very well-pre- ica but his reputation as an agitator was established in Germany served. as the editor of a series of social-democratic papers. Most was first edition, presentation copy, inscribed by the author responsible for the first abridgement of Kapital (volume 1) pub- not quite a year after publication on the verso of the title, “Au ci- lished in 1873 under the title Kapital und Arbeit. Taking issue with toyen Cézar de Paepe, salut fraternel, Karl Marx, Londres 3 Sep- some of Most’s abbreviations, Marx revised the abridgement but tembre 1868”, and with one small pencil correction to the text, stipulated that his name not be used in connection with it be- also presumably by Marx. César De Paepe was the leader of the cause it remained imperfect. After being expelled from Berlin International Working Men’s Association (IWMA), the First In- in 1878, Most emigrated to London where he repeatedly visited ternational, in Belgium. Marx first wrote “avec les compliments Marx but, despite his attempts to sway Marx to his more radi- de Karl Marx” before apparently thinking better of such a bland cal opinions, Most only succeeded in distancing himself further. inscription and erasing the just-penned words. As the iron gall Despite their disapproval, when Marx and Engels were informed ink had not yet settled and oxidized, the erased area must have of Most’s arrest in the wake of Alexander II’s assassination they appeared much fainter at the time of re-inscribing, when Marx immediately sent a letter to the London Daily News in his defence,

62 Peter Harrington 146 126 126 wrote across the slightly smudged area (which has since dark- Hailed as one of “the most influential pieces of writing in world ened) his more cordial “brotherly greeting”. history” (International Institute of Social History in Amsterdam), The Belgian César De Paepe (1841–1890) is considered, with Das Kapital was the culmination of Marx’s many years’ work in the Mikhail Bakunin, the co-founder of collectivist anarchism, the British Museum. This first volume was the only one published theory of which they formulated independently of each other in during Marx’s lifetime, the later volumes, edited by Engels from 1866. While De Paepe was an early disciple of Proudhon, he often the author’s manuscript, appearing in 1885 and 1894. Marx’s own gravitated toward Marx’s positions and was counted second only annotated copy, along with the only surviving handwritten page to Marx as a theoretician of the IWMA. In 1885 he was among the of the Communist Manifesto, was entered on the prestigious UNES- founders of the Belgian Socialist Party, though his attempts to CO “Memory of the World Register” in 2013. reconcile anarchists and Marxists ultimately isolated him within Very few presentation copies of the first edition of Das Kapital are the Socialist movement. Long a champion of universal suffrage known to have survived. Most of those that have were inscribed in Belgium, he died of consumption, aged 48, only three years by Marx on 18 September 1867 in London, when the first batch, before universal suffrage was introduced there. published four days previously, arrived from Hamburg (see Drap- On 3 September 1868 Marx had a pressing reason to remind De er, p. 138). Four presentation copies have appeared at auction in Paepe of his friendship. Three days later, on 6 September, the the past fifty years, inscribed variously to Edward Spencer Beesly, Brussels Congress of the First International was to begin, at Marx's cousin August Philips, secretary general of the First In- which the conflict with the French Proudhonists would come to ternational Johann Georg Eccarius, and the English socialist re- a head. Marx did not attend, but hoped to pull strings from Lon- former John Malcolm Ludlow. Two further inscribed copies are don. De Paepe was the principal leader of the Collectivist faction known to be held at Trinity College Cambridge (to the Deutscher Marx himself favoured. Marx managed to sideline Proudhon’s Arbeiter-Bildungsverein) and Darwin House (to Darwin). theory and induce delegates to accept several contentious reso- Printing and the Mind of Man 359. See Draper, The Marx-Engels Chronicle (1985). lutions confirming the advantages of collective, socialist owner- £1,325,000 [116802] ship of land and of the means of production. Extracts from the machinery chapter of Das Kapital were read at the Congress (it is not too far-fetched to imagine it may have been from this very volume), and these quotations provided the theoretical basis for the resolution condemning the extortionist use of machinery by the capitalist class. Notably, the General Council also passed a resolution recommending that working men in all countries study Marx’s Kapital.

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 63 127

127 imminent publication of a ‘compendium’ of the entire book. On 20 June 1879 Il Capitale di Carlo Marx appeared in print . . . Cafiero MARX, Karl. Il Capitale di Carlo Marx brevemente sent two copies of the Compendio to Marx in London. In an accom- compendiato da Carlo Cafiero. Libro Primo. Sviluppo panying letter that began ‘Stimatissimo Signore’ (Most Esteemed della Produzione Capitalista. Milan: C. Bignami e C, 1879 Sir), he apologised for not letting Marx see the manuscript be- Octavo (172 × 113 mm). Bound with the first Italian translation of J. S. fore publication. It had been his intention to do so, but then a Mill’s The Subjection of Women in contemporary marbled boards, roan publisher had unexpectedly made him an offer. He explained to leather spine, ruled in blind, direct lettered gilt, edges sprinkled green Marx: ‘Fear of losing a favourable opportunity prompted me to and blue. Ownership inscription to each half-title of Nicola de Berardini. consent to the proposed publication.’ Cafiero closed with an ex- Spine ends and corners lightly rubbed, spine with a few spots of surface wear, paper stock of Il Capitale lightly browned; a very good copy. pression of ‘the deepest respect’ for Marx and the hope that he had done right by Capital . . . Marx replied with high praise for first edition, extremely scarce, of Cafiero’s abridgment of Cafiero’s book. Although Marx wrote to Cafiero in French, he had Marx’s Das Kapital, the first appearance of the work in Italian. This made a serious study of Italian in his youth and read the language was one of the earliest abridgements of Das Kapital, and was much quite well. Most such summaries of his work, Marx complained, admired by Marx. frustrated him with their superficiality, misrepresentation, and Carlo Cafiero (1846–1892), an Italian socialist, met Marx and En- outright fabrications. Cafiero, he continued, had mastered al- gels in London in 1870 and was recruited to their cause. He re- most all of his ideas. He had noticed only ‘one apparent defi- turned to Italy, accepting their offer to become the special agent ciency’ in the Compendio: Cafiero had not addressed his argument in Italy of the International’s General Council, working especially about how ‘the necessary material conditions for the emancipa- in Naples where the Bakuninists and Mazzinians held sway over tion of the proletariat are spontaneously generated by the devel- the left. Engels tried to warn Cafiero about the dangerousness of opment of capitalist exploitation.’ Marx, likewise, tactfully ignor- Bakunin’s ideas, but by 1872 Cafiero had fallen in with Bakunin ing the unpleasantness of 1872, encouraged Cafiero to return to and was joining the anarchists. Imprisoned in 1877, “Cafiero read the omitted theme in a future work of exegesis” (Richard Drake, the French translation of Capital. The book electrified him with Apostles and Agitators, Italy’s Marxist Revolutionary Tradition, p. 30ff.). its brilliance, and he immediately set about writing a commen- Draper III, p. 37; Sraffa 3862; Stammhammer I:44 cites a Milan edition tary on it. By the time Cafiero left prison in August 1878, he had published by Ambrosoli, but according to de Vivo this is a ghost. OCLC a short book ready for publication. The following February his and COPAC find copies at the British Library, Friedrich Ebert Stiftung old newspaper, La Plebe, began to publish instalments, in Italian (Karl Marx Haus), and two copies in the Sraffa collection at Cambridge. translation, of the thirty-first chapter of Capital, ‘The Genesis of £22,500 [128758] Industrial Capitalism,’ and in March the paper announced the

64 Peter Harrington 146 129

Marx’s Kapital finally banned from Russian public libraries 129 (MARX, Karl.) [Index librorum banning Das Kapital from Russian public libraries.] Alfavitnyi spisok proizvedeniiam pechati, kotorye . . . vospreshcheny Ministrom Vnutrennikh Del k obrashcheniiu v publichnykh bibliotekakh i obshchestvennykh chital’niakh [in Cyrillic]. (Alphabetical list of printed works which . . . are prohibited by the Ministry of Internal Affairs from circulation in public libraries and reading rooms.) Saint Petersburg: Ministerstvo Vnutrennikh Del, 1894 Octavo (242 × 168 mm). Original buff wrappers printed in black, 16 pp., 128 sewn. Previous ownership stamp of A. Martynov to title page in purple ink. Wrappers creased with some marks, three small closed tears to extremities, contents toned, else a fresh copy of a fragile publication. 128 extremely rare example of a russian index librorum MARX, Karl. Kapitalen. Første Bind. Kapitalens for public libraries, recording the first – and rather late – Produktionsproces. Oversat efter Originalens tredje attempt to censor the works of Marx, listing the first two volumes Oplag; Anden Del. Kapitalens Cirkulationsproces. Udgivet of Das Kapital, being the first edition of volume I in Russian (1872), efter Forsatterens Død af Friedrich Engels. Copenhagen: N. and the first edition of volume II (1885). Scarce, no other exam- Cohens Bogtrykkeri, 1885 & 1887 ples traced on OCLC or KVK. 2 volumes in 1, quarto. Modern red buckram, spine lettered in gilt, top “By an odd quirk of history the first foreign translation of Das edge sprinkled black. Without the half-titles (“Socialistisk Bibliotek Vol. Kapital to appear was the Russian, which Petersburgers found in IV–V”). Previous ownership inscription in blue ink to front free endpaper, their bookshops early in April 1872. Giving his imprimatur, the with the quotation, “The expropriators are expropriated. p. 462, I”, in- censor, one Skuratov, had written, ‘few people in Russia will read scribed underneath in red ink; library stamp to vol. 2, p. 1. Spine slightly it, and still fewer will understand it.’ He was wrong; the edition faded, ends a little bruised and rubbed, contents evenly browned with some chipping to page edges as usual due to paper quality, front and rear of three thousand sold out quickly; and in 1880 Marx was writing gutters and several page edges neatly reinforced using Japanese tissue, to his friend F. A. Sorge that ‘our success is still greater in Russia, overall a very good, clean copy of a fragile publication. where Kapital is read and appreciated more than anywhere else’” (PMM). As the worker’s movement gained momentum, it was first edition in danish of Das Kapital. Marx’s seminal work decided to censor Kapital. This pamphlet, based on a resolution first appeared in German in 1867, and the first translation of the dated 1 January 1894, selects works for removal and destruction work was that into Russian (1872). The first English translation from public libraries and reading rooms, and was intended strict- appeared after the Danish, in 1887. ly for internal use; a printed note forbids further publications or “The history of the twentieth century is Marx’s legacy. Stalin, other disclosure of any part of it. Mao, Che, Castro – the icons and monsters of the modern age Among other famous works affected by this censor’s ban are Tol- have all presented themselves as his heirs. Whether he would stoy’s Kreutzer Sonata in all editions, translations of various works recognise them as such is quite another matter . . . Nevertheless, by Herbert Spencer, John Stuart Mill, Emile Zola, and works on within one hundred years of his death half the world’s population socialism such as The Eight Hours Day by Sidney Webb and Harold was ruled by governments that professed Marxism to be their Cox. Also included was a translation of James Bryce, The American guiding faith. His ideas have transformed the study of econom- Commonwealth. ics, history, geography, sociology and literature. Not since Jesus Christ has an obscure pauper inspired such global devotion — or £2,750 [124940] been so calamitously misinterpreted” (Francis Wheen, in his introduction to Karl Marx, 1999). See Printing and the Mind of Man 359 (first edition). £6,250 [122813]

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 65 Marx in Italian 130 MARX, Karl. [Opere.] Rome: Luigi Mongini, 1899–1902 Octavo (240 × 164 mm). Contemporary quarter roan and pebbled cloth boards, vellum corners, spine ruled and direct lettered gilt. Spine lettered “Marx: Opere, vol. I”, with the ownership of M. Giua stamped at foot, occasional pencil annotation. Joints cracked but firm, neat repair to foot of spine and to hinges, contents foxed, the leaf edges slightly brittle with a few closed tears, overall a very good copy. first edition, a bound volume of 12 Italian translations of works by Marx, issued by Luigi Mongini in parts, each work separately paginated, but continuously signed. “1899 would mark a further qualitative leap in the publication of Marx and Engels’s texts [in Italy], reaching a particular peak in the years between 1899 and 1902. This was the most important attempt thus far to provide socialism and Italian culture with the greater part of the works by Marx and Engels that were then available. The publication in instalments of Marx, Engels, and Lassalle’s Works (later appearing as a collection), thanks to the collaboration of important ancient historian Ettore Ciccotti and socialist publisher Luigi Mongini, would doubtless represent 130 ‘Italian culture’s only true and substantial approach to Marx . . . until after the Second World War’” (Favilli, pp. 213–4). Of the 12 translations present, bound as listed below, all but two 131 are listed in Sraffa: those not are Rivelazioni sul processo dei Comunisti (MARX, Karl.) MEHRING, Franz, & Rosa Luxemburg. in Colonia (1900) and La guerra civile in Francia (1902). Kapital Karola Marksa. Warsaw: Ksiazka, 1923 a) MARX, Carlo. Le Discussioni del sesto Landtag delle provincie Renane. Large octavo. Original buff wrappers printed in black with publisher’s 1899. device to front wrapper, wire-stitched. Extremities rubbed and creased, contents toned, overall a very good copy. b) —. Un Carteggio del 1843. Per la Critica della filosofia del diritto di Hegel. Per la questione degli Ebrei. 1899. first edition of this abstract of Kapital in Polish, exceptionally scarce, OCLC locating just two copies worldwide (both in Po- c) —. Per la Critica dell’economia politica. 1899. land), written by Marx’s biographer Franz Mehring and eminent d) —. Rivelazioni sul processo dei Comunisti in Colonia. 1900. Marxist Rosa Luxemburg. The first complete Polish translation e) —. L’Alleanza della democrazia socialista e l’associazione internazionale was published in 1884, with a further edition in 1926, a new trans- dei lavoratori. 1901. lation on which a team of economists and Marxists worked for f ) —. Innanzi ai giurati di Colonia. Processo contro il presidio della de- several years, introducing modern Marxist terminology into the mocrazia Renana. 1901. Polish language. g) —. Indirizzo inaugurale dell’associazione internazionale dei lavoratori. £750 [121153] 1901. h) —. Per la critica del programma della democrazia socialista. 1901. 132 i) —. Miseria della filosofia. 1901. MITCHELL, Wesley Clair. Business Cycles. Berkeley: j) —. La guerra civile in Francia. 1902. University of California Press, 1913 k) —. Il diciotto Brumaio di Luigi Bonaparte. 1902. Quarto. Library binding of dark green cloth patterned to look like leather, gilt lettered spine. Closed-tear at foot of title page, embossed Harvard Li- l) —. Le lotte di classe in Francia dal 1848 al 1850. 1902. brary stamp on title page recto, accession stamps on verso. A very good, See Paolo Favilli, The History of Italian Marxism: From its Origins to the Great clean copy. War (2016). first edition of Mitchell’s first book on the subject for which £2,250 [123720] he remains best known. This mammoth study became the acknowledged precursor and guide for cyclical and other quan- titative studies in economics for years to come. Though other contemporaries, such as Aftalion and Spiethoff achieved similar results in business cycle theories, Blaug calls his work “unique in its breadth and continuity”. IESS 1913; see Blaug, Great Economists before Keynes, pp. 168–70. £950 [110308]

66 Peter Harrington 146 133

Presentation copy to Moore’s sister, wife of A. R. Ainsworth, the object of Moore’s affections 133 MOORE, George Edward. Principia Ethica. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1903 Octavo. Original brown cloth, spine lettered in gilt, edges uncut. Housed in a black cloth flat-back box by the Chelsea Bindery. Spine ends and corners lightly worn; later ownership inscription of Russell J. Parkes, with his occasional neat pencil annotations to the text and to the rear free endpaper; a very good copy. 134 first edition, presentation copy, inscribed by the author in the year of publication to his sister, who later married the Apostle A. R. Ainsworth, with whom Moore was infatuated: “To One of the earliest and most powerful objections to Sarah, with best love from George, Christmas 1903”. William James’s philosophy of pragmatism In 1904, after Moore failed to secure an extension to his fel- 134 lowship at Trinity, he moved to Edinburgh to live with his close friend Alfred Richard Ainsworth (1879–1959), who lectured at MOORE, George Edward. Professor James’ Pragmatism. the University. Ainsworth was elected to the Apostles in 1899 Reprinted from the Proceedings of the Aristotelian upon Moore’s suggestion, and biographers such as Paul Levy Society, 1908. London: Harrison and Sons, 1908 and Julie Anne Taddeo have stated that the two men considered Octavo, pp. 33–77. Original grey paper wrappers printed in black. Ex- themselves to be in a serious, non-physical relationship. When tremities a little rubbed with a few creases, front joint starting, contents his youngest sister Sarah Moore (1895–1925) became engaged to toned, overall a very good copy. Ainsworth in 1908 Moore was remarked upon as being noticeably first edition in book form, extremely uncommon, OCLC dismayed, though he eventually came to enjoy having Ainsworth locating just one copy in institutional holdings worldwide (Uni- as a brother-in-law, and Sarah and Ainsworth named their first versity of Texas). This is one of the earliest and most powerful ob- son after Moore. jections to William James’s philosophy of pragmatism. Written as Moore was critical of the dominant idealist metaphysics of the a critical response to James’s article “Pragmatism’s Conception time. In this, his most famous book, he presents a new approach of Truth” (1907), Moore’s paper forcefully challenged James’s to ethical theory wherein “analytical concern with the structure definition of truth as a verifiable phenomenon. He observed that of ethical concepts is sharply separated from debates about the “where a proposition concerns the past, it may well be that we substance of morality” (ODNB). Connected to the original nu- are in a situation in which a proposition and its negation are both cleus of the Bloomsbury Group through his membership of the unverifiable because there is now no evidence either way on the Apostles, “Moore was never himself a member . . . but if he took matter. But, he argued, it does not follow that we cannot now af- from them a profound, and perhaps exaggerated, sense of the firm that either the proposition or its negation is true, thanks to value of friendship and art, they took from him the thought that the Law of Excluded Middle; in which case it cannot be that truth lives dedicated to these values were indeed lives well spent. As is verifiability – contrary both to James’s pragmatism and to log- Keynes later put it, Principia Ethica provided them with their ‘reli- ical empiricism” (Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy). James never gion’ (Keynes, 436)” (ODNB). Writing to Clive Bell in 1908, Virgin- directly responded to Moore but did refer to him in the preface ia Woolf remarked, “I am climbing Moore like some industrious of The Meaning of Truth (1909) as one of the critics who showed insect, who is determined to build a nest on top of a cathedral “an inability almost pathetic, to understand the thesis which they spire”. seek to refute”. Ziegenfuss II 171. See Copleston, History of Philosophy, Vol.8, Bentham to Shook, Pragmatism: An Annotated Bibliography, 1898–1940, 575. Russell, Ch. 18; and Paul Levy, G. E. Moore and the Cambridge Apostles (1981) for more on the Moore–Ainsworth relationship. £1,500 [121026] £3,750 [126491]

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 67 135

135 Duodecimo (172 × 100 mm). Contemporary brown morocco rebacked to style, red morocco title label, smooth spine ruled in gilt. Folding table. MORE, Sir Thomas. Utopia. Hammersmith: The Kelmscott Small ownership signature to front free endpaper. Board corners worn, Press, 1893 boards slightly rubbed, small ink stain to fore edge of book block and rear Octavo. Original limp vellum, yapp edges, title gilt to spine in Troy type, endpapers. A very good copy. green silk ties, untrimmed. Printed on Flower paper in Chaucer type de- Later edition of what is generally considered the first guide to the signed by William Morris, with shoulder notes and occasional lines of stock exchange, based on the author’s own experience of losing text in red; 2 woodcut borders (4 and 2), colophon vignette and 3-, 5-, 6- “a genteel fortune” in 1756. Thomas Mortimer (1730–1810) was and 10-line initials throughout, all engraved by William Harcourt Hoop- one of the earliest experts on the operation of the stock exchange er after designs by Morris. Woodcut bookplate of J. W. R. Brockelbank (1869-1926, rector of Longbridge Deverill, Wilts) to the front pastedown. established in the coffee-house of London’s Change Alley. Every A little light foxing to fore edge as usual, very small marginal spot to sig. Man his Own Broker is a practical guide for would-be speculators, A3 not affecting text, short (20 mm) closed tear to bottom edge of sig. warning about the dangers of getting involved with brokers and B7 just touching woodcut border, nonetheless internally crisp and clean, gives a valuable insight into the financial world of mid-18th-cen- tightly bound in a fresh example of the original vellum. An excellent copy. tury London. Mortimer was the first to write about the terms first kelmscott edition, one of 300 copies on paper, uncom- “bear” and “bull” markets and provides their definitions on pages mon in this condition with the silk ties intact: “They are, inciden- 65 and 67. The appendix includes “directions to strangers to find tally, the most fragile part of the Kelmscott books and are broken their way readily to the different offices at the Bank, South-Sea on many copies” (Peterson, p. xxxvi). The main text reproduces and India Houses”. Every Man His Own Broker was first published in the second edition of Ralph Robinson’s English translation, first 1761 and ran into fourteen editions in the following forty years, published in 1551. Morris’s “compromisingly Socialistic introduc- this copy being the thirteenth, enlarged edition. tion” (Peterson) notably led an Eton master to cancel an order of Dennistoun & Goodman 17; Goldsmiths’ 18275; Kress B4421. 40 copies which he intended to distribute as prizes, though the £1,250 [108917] entire run nonetheless sold out before the year’s end. There were also eight copies on vellum. Peterson A16. 137 NEWMAN, Samuel P. Elements of Political Economy. £5,000 [110283] Andover & New York: Gould and Newman & H. Griffin and Company, 1835 The first guide to the stock exchange Duodecimo (183 × 110 mm). Contemporary speckled calf, black calf spine 136 label, compartments ruled in gilt, edges speckled black. Bookseller’s stamp to front free endpaper, a few small pencil annotations to front MORTIMER, Thomas. Every Man his Own Broker; or, leaves. Joints and corners professionally repaired, extremities lightly A Guide to the Stock-Exchange. The thirteenth edition, rubbed, a few marks to boards, endpapers browned from turn-ins, a little considerably improved. London: W. J. and J. Richardson, 1801 foxing to contents, a very good copy.

68 Peter Harrington 146 frontation led to victory for Paine; it is Burke’s political system which has failed to stand the test of time” (Williamson, p. 124). See Audrey Williamson, Thomas Paine: His Life, Work, and Times (Allen & Unwin, 1973). £2,750 [127289]

139 PARETO, Vilfredo. Programme d’économie politique. Lausanne: H. Vallotton, Guex & Cie., [1896] Octavo, pp. 16. Wire-stitched as issued. Neat pen and pencil annotations to contents. Evenly browned, upper corner of first leaf cut away, a little light dampstain to pp. 9-12, two small tears to upper edge of final leaf, a very good copy. A short pamphlet detailing the schedule and recommended reading for Pareto’s 1896 Lausanne lecture series on political economy, later annotated with page numbers referring to Pareto’s first major work and the compilation of his lecture notes, Cours d’écono- mie politique, first published in two volumes from 1896 to 1897. The series comprised 16 lectures and covered weekly topics such as bimetallism, economic crises, Gresham’s law, monopolies, and the economic effects of Marx’s collectivisation; with reference to works by Malthus, Owen, Proudhon, Ricardo, and Smith, among 138 others. Despite a clash of temperaments, and disagreement on many first edition of the American professor and lecturer’s intro- economic issues, Walras recommended Pareto as his successor ductory work on the production and circulation of wealth. New- to the chair of political economy at the University of Lausanne, man (1797–1842) taught Greek and Latin languages and literature and Pareto took the position permanently in 1894. “In one of his at Bowdoin College, Maine and in 1824 he became Professor of letters [Pareto] wrote: ‘the worthy Walras has ended up with only Rhetoric and Oratory. In the second edition of 1844, the recom- six students at his lectures. The Department of Education was mendation written by Professor B. B. Edwards says that “it is not afraid that I would give lectures which could only be understood a compilation from an European work, based on usages and a by a handful of people’ (Letters, Vol. I, p. 162). In 1893 he had 56 state of society which have no existence here, but it is throughout students and all reports show that he was an excellent teacher” ‘an American production’ . . . [It] is cordially commended as an (Cirillo, p. 26). “As to the capacity of his students, he frequently excellent Text book to teachers and all who are interested in the complains, as for example in the letter of 3 June 1896: ‘Just im- great cause of education”. agine! My students of mathematics do not know a thing, and Goldsmiths’ 28949; Kress C.4003. they have no wish to know much about economics. Only what is £750 [106009] needed for the examination, and not a whit more! The producer must furnish the goods which the consumer wants’ (Vol. I, 209). ‘The teaching of economics in the Faculty of Lausanne can only 138 be very elementary. In a high school of social sciences, the real PAINE, Thomas. Rights of Man: Being an Answer to Mr. science of economics could be taught. You will have received my Burke’s Attack on the French Revolution. Fifth edition. programme. It is very elementary, and yet even that is too much London: printed for J. S. Jordan, 1791 for my students!’ (Vol. I, 211, 9 June 1896)” (Wood & McLure, p. 165). Keen to retire from teaching so that he could focus on his Octavo (212 × 124 mm). Contemporary red levant morocco, spine lettered writing, Pareto handed over the main bulk of his lecturing re- in gilt and divided into compartments with urn motifs and roundel cornerpieces, single fillet rule border to boards, Greek-roll to inner dentelles sponsibilities to a student of his, Vittorio Racca, in June 1900. He in gilt, marbled endpapers, edges gilt, green cloth book marker. A finely did not manage to leave entirely, however, and was persuaded to bound copy, spine faintly sunned and a few spots of rubbing to extremi- deliver weekly lectures until he finally retired in 1907. ties, one shallow scratch to rear board, free endpapers a little browned, See Renato Cirillo, The Economics of Vilfredo Pareto (Routledge, 2012); John else the contents crisp and clean, stab-holes visible. Cunningham Wood & Michael McLure (ed.), Vilfredo Pareto: Critical Assess- Fifth edition of Paine’s famous response to Burke’s Reflections, ments of Leading Economists, vol. 1 (Routledge, 1999). handsomely bound. Rights of Man was first printed by Joseph £1,750 [118576] Johnson in early 1791, but publishing of it was soon taken over by J. S. Jordan (who republished it with some amendments), apparently because Johnson feared prosecution. The work alarmed the Pitt government and led to repressive measures and censorship, yet it still managed to reach a wide audience, going through numerous reprints and various translations. “In this sense, the con-

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 69 140

From the library of Sir Robert Peel be imprudent to terminate it abruptly, which he believed might make it impossible to properly compensate planters for their loss. 140 The colonial assemblies chose to end apprenticeship themselves, (PEEL, Sir Robert.) BROUGHAM, Henry, Lord. Lord and the system was effectively abolished later that year. Brougham’s Speech in the House of Lords, on Tuesday, the Goldsmiths’ 30676; Hogg 2403 (second edition). OCLC locates just five copies of the title worldwide (BL, Senate House, 2 in Australia, 1 in the 20th of February, 1838, for the Immediate Emancipation of Netherlands), Copac adding one more at Sheffield. See G. T. Buchanan, the Negro Apprentices. London: James Ridgway and Sons, 1838 Life of Henry, Lord Brougham (J. S. Pratt, 1841); Izhak Gross, “Parliament and Quarto (275 × 211 mm), pp. [VI], 50. Near-contemporary blue half calf, the Abolition of Negro Apprenticeship 1835-1838”, The English Historical Re- spine lettered and ruled in gilt, marbled paper boards, brown endpapers, view, vol. 96, no. 380 (1981), pp. 560–76. edges sprinkled red. With the armorial bookplate of Sir Robert Peel, Drayton Manor to front pastedown and his signature to the title page. A £9,750 [121100] few neat ink corrections made to the Latin excerpt on page 43. Extrem- ities lightly rubbed, corners bruised, slight offset from oxidised book- 141 plate, small tear to gutter of title page without loss, internally good with a little foxing, overall a bright, fresh copy. PETTY, Sir William. Political Arithmetick, or a Discourse Concerning, The Extent and Value of Lands, People, first edition, one of 20 quarto copies presumably printed for presentation, from the library of Prime Minister Sir Robert Peel, Buildings. . . As the same relates to every Country in general, with his bookplate and signature. Considering their proximity and active participation in the same parliamentary debates on the subject, as well as the small print run, it is highly probable that this was a presentation copy given to Peel by the author. They corresponded throughout the 1840s and 1850s and many of their letters to each other are housed in the National Archives. This is Lord Brougham’s eloquent indictment of the apprenticeship system in the British Colonies, delivered on 20 February 1838, which highlighted the abuse of the system, particularly as it was operating in Jamaica, and strove to regulate working hours and extend the protective jurisdiction of the colonies’ special magistrates and governors. “On 28 August 1833, the Abolition of Slavery Bill, which had been passed by the British parliament, received the royal assent and became law . . . It provided that slavery, as a legal status, would cease to exist throughout the British colonial empire on 1 August 1834 and that slave children under the age of six at that time would be immediately freed. As for the other ex-slaves, for them a new institution would be created—apprenticeship. They were to be registered as apprenticed labourers for a period of four years in the case of domestic servants and six years in that of field hands . . . [and] slave-owners would be compensated for their losses by a grant of twenty million pounds” (Gross, p. 560). Led by Brougham, abolitionist pressure, however, accelerated the timeta- ble and Brougham pushed for a more immediate end date, proposing to amend the Abolition Act by substituting 1 August 1838 for 1 August 1840. Although Peel presented seven petitions in favour of the abolition of the apprenticeship system in March 1838, during his speech on 28 May he argued in the House of Lords that it would 141

70 Peter Harrington 146 but more particularly to the Territories of His Majesty of 2 volumes, octavo. Original black cloth, spines lettered in gilt. Extremi- Great Britain, and his Neighbours of Holland, Zealand, and ties lightly rubbed, spines rolled, ends and corners bumped, small knock to fore edges of volume I, contents toned, overall a very good set. Owner- France. London: Printed for Robert Clavel, and Hen. Mortlock, 1690 ship inscription of artist Augustus John (1878–1961) to front free endpa- Octavo (166 × 100 mm). Contemporary unlettered sprinkled sheep, blind per of volume I and one marginal annotation to p. 99 of the same. double rule to covers, neatly rebacked, spine ruled in blind. Ownership first edition of the author’s influential first book. “The Open inscription to licence leaf recto, “Dr Wood” and “H. L. Wood” dated 1695. Red morocco bookplate of Robert Honeyman IV to front pastedown. Society was, deservedly, a great success; and so was its author. It Spine sympathetically renewed, corners worn and repaired, hinges and appeared in November 1945, and Popper arrived the following Jan- free endpapers strengthened with Japanese tissue paper. Natural paper uary [from New Zealand] to find himself a rising star in the Brit- flaw to leaf G7, affecting the catchword, very occasional light spotting ish philosophical firmament. Gilbert Ryle wrote an enthusiastic and the odd marginal stain, a very good copy. review of The Open Society and its Enemies for Mind. Bertrand Russell first edition, extremely scarce in commerce, of Petty’s exam- wrote an enthusiastic recommendation on its behalf to his own ination of “the potential wealth of England by ‘Observations or American publisher, and spoke warmly of Popper’s demolition of Positions expressed by Number, Weight and Measure’, that is, by Plato when he delivered his well-known lecture ‘Philosophy and statistics. It was acknowledged in Petty’s own time that he was the politics’ in October 1946 . . . The ‘open society’ had obvious af- inventor of this method of exposition. It therefore ranks as one of finities with what John Stuart Mill had argued for in On Liberty: a his most important works” (Keynes). “Although printed posthu- society in which argument was the norm, where moral, political, mously, Petty’s Political Arithmetic was widely circulated during his scientific, and religious doctrines were constantly questioned and lifetime among his friends in numerous manuscripts, one of which revised. What was unusual about The Open Society and its Enemies was he presented to the King with a dedication probably written in not only its sustained assault on the enemies of the open society 1683.” (ibid.). It was reprinted the following year, reset line-by-line. but its concentration on the way in which their philosophical er- This first printing is surprisingly rare. ESTC locates 25 copies, rors became politically dangerous. Volume 1 depicted Plato as both but we are aware of only five copies sold at auction since 1954, of a proto-communist and a proto-fascist, and emphasized the ways which one was defective. in which his theory of knowledge with its emphasis on the intui- tive grasp of essences licensed intellectual authoritarianism, and Goldsmiths’ 2798; Keynes 34; Kress 1741; Wing P1932. Not in Einaudi, therefore political authoritarianism. Volume 2, subtitled ‘The high Massie, Mattioli, Menger or Sraffa. tide of prophecy’, savaged Hegel and Marx for claiming to have ar- £30,000 [127199] rived at the definitive truth about the future of humanity and the political implications of that truth” (ODNB). 142 £1,500 [120764] (POLITICAL ECONOMY.) An essay on the political economy of nations: or, a view of the intercourse of 144 countries, as influencing their wealth. London: printed for POPPER, Karl. The Open Society and its Enemies. Longman, Hurst, Rees, Orme, and Brown, 1821 Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1950 Octavo (213 × 132 mm). Rebound in modern quarter calf, spine lettered Octavo. Original black cloth, spine lettered in gilt. Housed in a custom and decorated in gilt, raised bands, the fourth compartment lettered blue solander box, black spine label, spine lettered in gilt on label and “Torrens”, brown cloth boards, edges sprinkled dark red. A very good direct. Spine creased, a few tiny marks to cloth, slight paper fault to p. copy, just one small hole to top margin of sig. H8 and a couple of neat ink 644–5, else a very good copy. annotations to the first few pages. first u.s. edition, the philosopher john rawls’s copy, first edition of this anonymously authored work, divided into with his ownership signature on the front free endpaper, and with three sections: “the principles of production, revenue, and con- his pencilled marginalia throughout. Mostly this takes the form of sumption”, “on the commercial intercourse of nations” and “consid- underlining, with a few comments written in the margins, and a erations on the past and present state of international commerce”. handwritten index of Popper’s statements on justice on p. 118. The Subjects dealt with include the formation of wealth, the nature of year of publication, 1950, was the same year in which Rawls earned capital, the extent of demand and the theory of money and for- his PhD at Princeton. Popper and Rawls are both among the most eign exchanges, the author citing earlier authorities such as Child, influential philosophers of the post-war period, with the present Colquhoun, Ricardo, and Smith. An index of subjects and authors is book being an excellent link between them. The Open Society and its appended. Though a former owner has attributed the work to Rob- Enemies was first published in the UK in November 1945. ert Torrens, and lettered the spine of the volume thus, this is false. Goldsmiths’ 23104; Kress C.701. £2,750 [126889] £1,750 [127180]

143 POPPER, Karl. The Open Society and Its Enemies. Volume I: The Spell of Plato. Volume II: The High Tide of Prophecy: Hegel, Marx, and the Aftermath. London: George Routledge & Sons, Ltd, 1945 144

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 71 Respect to our Foreign Affairs, and our Connections on the Continent. Humbly submitted to the Consideration of all the Great Men, In and Out of Power. London: Printed for A. Millar, J. Whiston, B. White, and W. Sandby, 1757 Octavo (198 × 123 mm). Contemporary calf, later black spine label. Con- temporary shelf mark to pastedown and ownership initials stamped to head of title page. Spine ends chipped, joints cracking but holding, later leather spine label, small leather patch to rear cover which also has a stain to the upper inner corner; first and last leaves tanned from the leather turn ins. A very good copy. first edition of this work by Malachy Postlethwayt (1707– 1767), writer and government publicist under Robert Walpole’s administration, from 1743–46 a member of the Royal Africa Com- pany, and compiler of the Universal Dictionary of Trade and Commerce. Postlethwayt here proposes a method of financing the ongoing Seven Years War which would not entail further taxes and public debt, and seeks a reorientation of British policy towards the continent. ESTC T95974; Goldsmiths’ 9266; Higgs 1514; Kress 5639; Sabin 64565. £1,250 [126823]

A “diabolical work which frightens even me” (Proudhon) 147

145 PROUDHON, Pierre-Joseph. Qu’est-ce que la propriété? Ou recherches sur le principe du droit et du gouvernement. 145 Premier mémoire. Paris: J.-F. Brocard, 1840 Duodecimo (170 × 103 mm). Contemporary quarter morocco, spine POPPER, Karl. Autograph letter to Dr John H. Humphrey. lettered in gilt, marbled sides and endpapers. Half-title present. Wear 6 August 1976 around board edges, light toning and occasional foxing as usual, lower Octavo sheet (201 × 160 mm) of Popper’s headed stationery (Fallowfield, margin of half-title and title trimmed about 10 mm. shorter than the rest Manor Road, Penn, Buckinghamshire), legibly written in Popper’s hand of the book block, tiny puncture to p. 7 affecting pagination, top corner in blue ink on one side. In excellent condition. of p. 115 folded and untrimmed, one or two leaves with slight paper flaw affecting top margin, a few page corners lightly creased. Overall a very A letter in which Popper thanks Humphrey for supporting his re- good, well-preserved copy. cent election to the Royal Society. He writes that “it means much for me, as a philosopher of science, to find that practising sci- first edition, one of 500 copies, of the French anarchist phi- entists feel that they can support me.” John Herbert Humphrey losopher’s notorious thesis, which caused a scandal by equating (1916–1987) was a noted immunologist and bacteriologist, highly all property with theft. In the wake of the social turmoil caused influential both in the UK and internationally, who worked to es- by the economic decline in France in 1839–40 and the July Monar- tablish international standards for antibiotics and enzymes with chy’s lapse into a “religion of property”, Pierre-Joseph Proudhon James Lightbown. (1809–1865) argued that – unlike freedom and equality – the right to property was not a natural right. Yet he also opposed collec- £1,500 [112695] tive ownership, “as he was persuaded that only a society without government is able to establish social harmony. The First Inter- 146 national was, indeed, destroyed in the great fight between those POSTLETHWAYT, Malachy. Great-Britain’s True System: who supported a libertarian socialism of the kind Proudhon had advocated and those who followed the authoritarian pattern, de- wherein is clearly shewn, I. That an increase of the public vised by Karl Marx. Kropotkin and Herzen were all his confessed debts and taxes must, in a few Years, prove the ruin of disciples. Even Tolstoy sought him and borrowed the title and the monied, the trading, and the landed interests. II. The much of the theoretical background of his masterpiece War and Necessity of raising the Supplies to carry on War, within Peace from Proudhon’s book, La guerre et la paix . . . One can place the Year. III. That such a Design, however seemingly Proudhon among the great socialist thinkers of the 19th century” difficult, is very practicable: With a Sketch of various (Simons, pp. 301–2). Proudhon himself referred to Qu’est-ce que la Schemes for that Purpose. IV. An Expedient which will propriété? as a “diabolical work which frightens even me” (Corre- support the public Credit, in all Times of public Distress spondance I, p. 296), and he was called to defend himself against and Danger. To which is prefixed, An Introduction, insurrection charges at his local court immediately after its publication. Qu’est-ce que la propriété? was followed in 1841 by his Lettre relative to the forming a New Plan of British Politicks, with

72 Peter Harrington 146 148

with occasional foxing and some minor dampstain to upper edges, still a very good copy. first edition, one of 2,000 copies, of Proudhon’s grateful response to Louis-Auguste Blanqui’s generous review of Qu’est- ce que la propriété? Immediately after its publication in 1840 the distinguished economist Blanqui (1805–1881) was appointed by 147 the Minister of Justice to read Proudhon’s inflammatory treatise, and his review of it was partially reproduced by Le Moniteur à M. Blanqui sur la propriété Deuxieme mémoire, and Avertissement aux on 7 September. Although he opposed the views that Proudhon propriétaires, ou Lettre à M. Considérant sur une defénse de la propriété (of- adopted, Blanqui’s judgement was ultimately favourable because ten referred to as the “troisiéme mémoire”). Despite its fame, the he believed Proudhon to be a philosopher and inquirer rather first edition is rarely found; in British institutions, only the Cam- than a serious revolutionary. Blanqui’s verdict helped to lessen bridge and British Library copies are known, and in commerce, the insurrection charges brought against Proudhon; it was only only a single auction record is listed. because of his support that Proudhon was permitted to keep his Not in Mattioli or Sraffa. See Correspondance de P.-J. Proudhon (Rivière, 1960– stipend. This letter presents the author’s reactions to his patron’s 74); William Bradford Simons, Private and Civil Law in the Russian Federation objections and some moderate revisions to his first work. (Martinus Nijhoff, 2009). Sraffa 4788. See Correspondance de P.-J. Proudhon (Rivière, 1960–74); William £12,500 [127660] Bradford Simons, Private and Civil Law in the Russian Federation (Martinus Nijhoff, 2009). 148 £2,750 [121140] PROUDHON, Pierre-Joseph. Lettre à M. Blanqui sur la propriété. Professeur d’économie politique au conservatoire des arts et métiers. Deuxieme mémoire. Paris: Librairie de Prévot, 1841 Duodecimo (182 × 112 mm). Original yellow wrappers printed in black, edges uncut. Later ownership stamp of “Alf. Mathey” to front wrappers. Wrappers soiled and a little chipped, binding and spine professionally restored, and with single discarded leaves of the text (pp. [5]–6 and 7–8) partially pasted to the inside front and rear wrappers; contents bright

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 73 150 RAGUET, Condy. A Treatise on Currency and Banking. Philadelphia: Grigg & Elliott, 1839 Large octavo (237 × 147 mm). Contemporary dark green foliate embossed cloth, red calf spine label. Cloth marked with some dampstain to rear board, ends and corners bumped, contents foxed and top corner of first few leaves creased, else a very good copy. first edition. “This remarkable hard-money treatise is by Condy Raguet (1784–1842), a noted Pennsylvania politician and economist who worked as a merchant in several Latin American countries. He was wholly dedicated to free trade, the free market, and especially to sound money and banking. [In A Treatise on Currency and Banking] he documents how bank inflation causes booms and busts and articulates, with remarkable prescience, how those cycles in which government does nothing come and go, while those in which government tries to help last and last . . . Raguet has been celebrated by the American hard-money school as a great theorist and part of a group of thinkers who warned against the national bank and other schemes to guarantee the monetary system against failure” (Mises Institute). 149 Goldsmiths’ 31022; Kress 4840. £1,250 [123999] 149 (QUESNAY, François.) BELLIAL DES VERTUS, le Sieur de, 151 attributed author, [but see below.] Essai sur l’administration [RAPP, George.] Thoughts on the Destiny of Man: des terres. Paris: chez Jean-Thomas Hérissant, 1759 Particularly with Reference to the Present Times; by the 2 works in 1 volume (see below), octavo (200 × 122 mm). Contemporary Harmony Society in Indiana. Indiana: Harmony Society, 1824 mottled calf, red morocco spine label, compartments and raised bands elaborately decorated in gilt, marbled endpapers, edges red. Engraved Octavo (180 × 108 mm). Recent quarter calf and plain paper boards, origi- head- and tailpieces. Bookplate and Bibliothèque d’Hauteville library nal blue wrappers bound in, morocco spine label. Original front wrapper ticket to front pastedown. With the contents page repositioned after with small chips to the corners, light soiling, two leaves with old repairs the avertissement. Spine ends and corners bumped, extremities lightly in the gutter, just touching the text, one leaf with small loss in the blank rubbed, endpapers a little marked and browned with contents lightly margin, scattered spotting throughout; a very good copy. foxed, a very good copy. first edition, the first extensive publication of this important first edition of a work, written during 1754–5, which has often American utopian community. “A statement of the principles been attributed to Quesnay since it expresses many physiocratic beliefs, in particular those relating to agriculture and its importance to the country’s economy. Scholarship, both past and present, remains divided on its authorship. Higgs refused to acknowledge the work to be Quesnay’s (he lists it as by le Sieur de Bellial des Vertus), and an article by Pierre le Masne and Gabriel Sabbagh argues that the work was actually authored by Quesnay’s disciple and collaborator, Charles Richard de Butré, and that Quesnay was himself influenced by the Essai prior to its publication. However, a number of other bibliographical works (Barbier, INED, OCLC) have continued to cite Quesnay as the author, an opinion convincingly supported in recent years by the New School. Essai sur l’administration des terres is bound together with a first edition of L’art de cultiver les peupliers d’Italie by Pelée de Saint-Maurice, published in Paris in 1762. This short treatise provides readers with advice on cultivating the poplar tree which was introduced in France in 1745 and quickly became the preferred tree for river and canal banks. Goldsmiths’ 9447; Higgs 1924; Kress 5779. See Pierre Le Masne & Gabriel Sabbagh, “The ‘Bellial des Vertus’ Enigma and the Beginnings of Physioc- racy”, Contributions to Political Economy, 37:1 (June 2018), pp. 105–131. £3,750 [118440] 151

74 Peter Harrington 146 upon which the Society was founded and of its aspirations . . . printed on their own press . . . [and] probably edited by Father Rapp himself ” (quoted in Sabin). The Society had earlier published just one other work, a small leaflet of songs. “Of the more than two hundred communistic societies that have sprung up in the United States, the Harmony Society was one of the most successful . . . In form the Society was a communistic the- ocracy, with Rapp the actual dictator. His religious teachings were those of Lutheran pietism heavily overlaid with a milleniarism derived from Bengal and Jung-Stilling, a fantastic interpretation of Genesis out of Swedenborg, various minor features from Böhme and other mystics, and the practice of celibacy, adopted in 1807, which seemed to follow logically from his millenarian views . . . From 1814 to 1824 the community was established in the Wabash Valley at Harmony, Posey County, Ind., but between fever-and- ague and barbarous neighbours the Harmonists found themselves neither safe nor comfortable, and in 1825 they sold their lands, through Richard Flower as their agent, to Robert Owen” (DAB). Sabin 95698. £3,500 [87748] 153 152 Octavo (227 × 145 mm). Contemporary drab paper wrappers, sewn as is- RICARDO, David. On the Principles of Political Economy sued, uncut edges. Housed in a blue card folder. Library sticker to half-ti- and Taxation. Third edition. London: John Murray, 1821 tle. Wrappers browned and worn, contents occasionally spotted, other- Octavo (228 × 143 mm). Contemporary roan-backed marbled boards, flat wise a bright, clean copy. spine ruled and direct lettered gilt, new endpapers, edges uncut. Ownership first edition, presentation copy, inscribed by the au- inscription in pencil of J. S. Charles to title dated 1871, with his ink owner- thor on the front wrapper, “To Charles Wetherell Esq. MP. with ship stamp to p. v; that of N. W. Beatson Bell of Balliol College Oxford dated the Author’s Compliments”, underneath the crossed-out inscrip- 1887 in ink to front pastedown. Underlining and marginalia in pencil and in tion, “To the Earl of Liverpool”. At the time of the inscription the ink throughout. Spine and boards professionally repaired; half-title and final blank leaf discarded; occasional light spotting; overall a very good copy. English politician and judge Charles Wetherell represented Ox- ford as MP. Third edition and the last with Ricardo’s amendments. This edition contains significant corrections and additions, the most Economics historian James Henderson has argued that, after important being a new chapter on machinery which was high- Lloyd’s Essay on the Theory of Money (1771) and Samuel Turner’s Let- ly relevant in light of the industrial revolution. By 1817, through ter addressed to the Right Hon. Robert Peel . . . (1819), this is the third the publication of a number of notable pamphlets, Ricardo had publication to employ mathematics in economic analysis. “This become a respected authority on questions of economics. Urged pamphlet has not received the recognition it deserves, which is by James Mill and others to set down a systematic account of his surprising since it was the first mathematical critique of Ricardo’s theories, he produced the present work. It is based on older and Principles” (p. 150) and significantly shaped later contributions to accepted theories of the relations among rent, labour and pro- mathematical economics by figures such as William Whewell, duction, but there is a new emphasis provided by his theory of who mentioned Rogers in his first paper on the subject (1829). “I distribution. Ricardo’s exact mathematical approach and deduc- have been reading Rogers’ pamphlet which seems very tolerably tive methods have had an enormous influence on succeeding clear-headed, though not very striking as to general views – but generations of economists and have proved of lasting value, es- it is no small merit as it keeps him out of mischief which cleverer pecially in the fields of currency, banking and foreign trade. men get into” (letter to Richard Jones, p. 11). Carpenter XXXVII (5); Einaudi 4741; Goldsmiths’ 23131; Kress C.769; Sraf- Sraffa notes that while “Kress asserts this is the second edition, fa 5c. and that the first had been published in 1820 . . . this is probably a ghost” (p. 504), and the earliest recorded on OCLC is this £1,750 [122258] 1822 edition. There appear to have been two issues, one printed anonymously and one where the author’s name appears on the “The first mathematical critique of Ricardo’s title page in full, as is the case with this copy. Sraffa records three principles”, inscribed by the author copies of the latter (Kress, Australian National Library, British Library). 153 Goldsmiths’ 23574; Sraffa 5074. See James P. Henderson, Early Mathemati- ROGERS, Edward. An essay on some general principles cal Economics: William Whewell and the British Case (1996). of political economy, on taxes upon raw produce, and on £3,750 [120724] commutation of tithes. London: printed for Henry Butterworth, Law Bookseller, 1822

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 75 154 155

“Mr. Richardson’s main ideas appear to me true, 155 original, and important” (Russell) SAMUELSON, Paul Anthony. Foundations of Economic Analysis. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1947 154 Octavo. Original red cloth, spine lettered in gilt. With the dust jacket. (RUSSELL, Bertrand.) RICHARDSON, Lewis F. Spine very slightly slanted, white residue marks to bottom edge of front Mathematical Psychology of War. Oxford: Wm. Hunt, 1919 board, top edge of book block spotted, else a near-fine copy in the tanned dust jacket, spine browned and a few areas of loss and chipping to ex- Quarto (250 × 202 mm). Contemporary dark blue cloth-backed blue buck- tremities and joints, not price-clipped but lower corner of front panel ram boards, printed paper label to front board. Royal Society of Edin- cropped. burgh stamps to front free endpaper recto and verso. Spine ends and corners worn and a little frayed, endpapers lightly soiled, else a very good, first edition of this “milestone in the conversion of mod- clean copy. ern economists to the view that all economic behaviour can be first edition of Richardson’s first and pioneering paper on studied as the solution to a maximization problem explicitly or the subject, containing Russell’s 20-line contribution, “Problem: implicitly employing the formulation of differential and integral To Produce in Two Nations a Mutual Will to War” (pp. 15–16). calculus” (Blaug, Great Economists since Keynes, p. 214). Here Sam- It was published at the author’s own expense, costing him £35 uelson demonstrates that the common mathematical structure for 300 copies total. In this 50-page essay the mathematician and underlying multiple branches of economics is based on a set of pacifist Lewis Fry Richardson (1881–1953) developed a mathe- basic principles: the optimising behaviour of agents and the sta- matical model for describing the change in animosity between bility of equilibrium as to economic systems. For this work Samu- two opposing sides during a war and “postulated that the rate elson was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economics in 1970. of increase of the warlike activity of one nation depended on the Fundaburk 2039. current activity of the opposing nation” (ODNB). “Russell had £5,750 [127008] been impressed with the manuscript which Stanley Unwin had forwarded him, although he thought that Richardson’s subject required a more extended treatment and that he should ‘elimi- Against physiocracy nate dogmatic statements of his metaphysical opinions where 156 they are irrelevant’. But, otherwise, ‘Mr. Richardson’s main ideas appear to me true, original, and important’ (29 December 1918). SCHLOSSER, Johann Georg. Politische Fragmente; Russell’s ‘Problem’ was enclosed with this letter to Unwin with [bound with:] Gute Nacht Basedow; [offered together instructions that it be passed on to the author ‘for his amuse- with:] Xenocrates oder ueber die Abgaben. An Göthe. ment’” (Rempel & Haslam, p. 405). Leipzig & Basel: Weygand, Johann Gottfried Müllern, J. J. Blackwell & Ruja B9. See Richard A. Rempel & Beryl Haslam’s critical edi- Thurneysen, dem Jüngern, 1777–84 tion of Russell’s Uncertain Paths to Freedom: Russia and China, 1919–22 (Rout- 3 works in 2 volumes (161 × 93 & 154 × 99 mm), pp. 52; 31, [1]; 132. Con- ledge, 2000), Appendix I. temporary marbled sheep, spine decorated gilt, leather label, marbled £2,750 [125717] endpapers; contemporary calf-backed marbled boards, rebacked. Con- temporary ownership inscription to front free endpaper. Spine ends and corners worn, leaves lightly toned, with a little light foxing, else very good copies in attractive contemporary bindings.

76 Peter Harrington 146 156 first edition of each work by the German lawyer and an- they produced both raw material and agricultural goods as well as ti-physiocrat Johann Georg Schlosser (1739–1799). A native of industrial goods. All of the forces were in motion and could not be Frankfurt-am-Main, friend and later brother-in-law of Johann paid by barter alone, or as Schlosser said, by Productionen” (Liebel). Wolfgang Goethe, Schlosser gained public attention in 1771 Humpert 974, 7537, 12722. OCLC locates copies only in Germany and with his first work, Katechismus der Sittenlehre für das Landvolk. In Denmark. See Liebel, Helen P., Enlightened Bureaucracy versus Enlightened March 1773 he obtained employment from the Margrav of Baden, Despotism in Baden 1750–1792, (1965), p. 69ff. whose physiocratic experiments under the suoervision of Schlet- £8,250 [114611] twein he was familar with, and of which he initially approved. But within a year he transferred to the post of Oberamtsverweser in Emmendingen, where two of the three villages participating 157 in the physiocratic experiment were located. Observing the ex- SCHULZ, John W. The Intelligent Chartist. New York: periments at close hand, Schlosser was soon disillusioned with WRSM Financial Service Corp., 1962 the system and was to become one of the chief opponents of the Quarto. Original buff card wrappers, front cover and spine printed with physiocrats in Germany. graph pattern and titles printed in black. Numerous full page charts. A “The physiocratic system was to be dismissed not only because it few marks and patches of light rubbing to wrappers, some minor rust and suggested a tax that was damaging in its incidence, or solely be- indentations from paper clip (now removed) to top edge of front cover, cause it denied historical reality, but because it rested on fallacious overall a bright, clean copy. notions of economics. One of these was a theory of value also first edition, first printing, of this technical analysis of adopted by Adam Smith. Schlosser was able to refute it because stock market movements, judged by seasoned stock market ana- he presented a more modern one. He agreed that it was not easy lyst Walter Deemer to be a scarce investment classic (On Technical to separate the finished product from the raw material, the form Analysis, 2012). Schulz, a nationally renowned investment adviser, from the material. But the raw material had a different value from worked in Wall Street firms for 26 years, eventually becoming a that of processing or manufacture (Formgebung). It was necessary partner in the New York Stock Exchange member firm of Wolfe & to distinguish a two-sided kind of property. Property inhered in Co. Throughout his career he also published extensively, writing the production of raw material (and thus in land, mining conces- columns and reviews for his firm and Forbes Magazine. sions, etc.) but also in that mass of form-giving forces which had Zerden, p. 157. been set to work in the modern state, namely in industry. All the £650 [123898] working forces of society had been set in motion by necessity and

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 77 158 159

158 signatures of Maiswinkle to front free endpapers. Spine ends and corners bruised, extremities lightly rubbed, small knock to book block edge of SCHUMPETER, Joseph Alois. Das Wesen und der vol. 2, otherwise a bright, internally clean set. The letter folded as usual, Hauptinhalt der theoretischen Nationalökonomie. Leipzig: otherwise in fine condition. Duncker & Humblot, 1908 first edition, together with a typed letter signed from Schum- Octavo. Original grey-green wrappers printed in black. Housed in a black peter to George Maiswinkle, a well-preserved set from Maiswin- cloth flat-back box by the Chelsea Bindery. Vertical crack to spine skilfully kle’s library with his ownership inscriptions. Maiswinkle was the repaired, minor loss to lower wrapper along joint restored; a very good copy. Assistant Treasurer of the Chilton Company, publishers of trade first edition of the author’s first major work, “which was prob- periodicals and automotive manuals who were also known for ably conceived during his days as a graduate student and written specialising in colour printing. As Schumpeter’s letter indicates, in Cairo. It was a brilliant statement of general equilibrium theo- Maiswinkle had written to him on 26 November 1948, presuma- ry, making clear both what static theory could explain and what bly to ask whether there was a forthcoming new edition of Busi- it could not” (IESS). The work established Schumpeter’s fame as ness Cycles. Schumpeter’s response is firm: “I am not planning any an outstanding figure among the younger Austrian economists. revisions in my two volumes on Business Cycles. The reason for this IESS 1908; Mattioli 3300; Swedberg S.001. is that it covers all the relevant material nearly up to the year in which war demand began to assert itself. Ever since, the econom- £3,250 [106913] ic process has been under the influence of this war demand and the attendant inflation, so that the phenomena characteristic of With a typed letter signed: “I am as convinced as the normal business cycle have been entirely overshadowed. As ever that, barring wars, revolutions, and so on, the regards the scientific groundwork and the methods of approach, I have nothing to alter. Allow me to add that the prognosis which business process will run on a rising trend of prosperity would follow from my three cycle schema seems to be fully borne for about the next fifteen years” out by postwar events so far, and that I am as convinced as ever that, barring wars, revolutions, and so on, the business process 159 will run on a rising trend of prosperity for about the next fifteen SCHUMPETER, Joseph Alois. Business Cycles. A years, though we may expect this general prosperity to be inter- Theoretical, Historical, and Statistical Analysis of the rupted two or three times by short and sharp recessions”. The Capitalist Process; [together with a typed letter signed to letter is published from a carbon copy held at Harvard University (see Swedberg, p. 209), and the transcription is printed on page George Maiswinkle, defending his decision not to revise 234 of Swedberg’s biography (Princeton University Press, 1991). Business Cycles a decade later.] New York & London: McGraw- Swedberg S.010. Hill Book Company, Inc., 1939 2 volumes, octavo. Original maroon cloth, spines ruled in gilt with titles £2,750 [122486] in gilt on black ground, blind-stamped border to boards. With 1 typed letter signed on Harvard University, Department of Economics headed note paper, dated 4 December 1948, laid in. 60 charts to the text. Ownership

78 Peter Harrington 146 160

One of the first printed works devoted to finance Basel (1431–49) as one of the chief supporters of the revolutionary party and later as part of the committee responsible for electing 160 the antipope, Felix V. In recognition of this service he was made SEGOVIA, Johannes de. Tractatus super materia cardinal. At the end of the schism he resigned his cardinalate, contractuum de censibus annis et perpetuis; [together became Bishop of Caesarea in 1447, and eventually retired to a monastery. A considerable book collector, he left his important with] Propositiones responsive ad questionem de collection of manuscripts to Salamanca University in 1457. observancia dominicalium dierum et precipuorum This is one of the first books from the press of Johann Koelhoff the solempnium festorum. [Cologne: J. Koelhoff, c.1472] Elder (fl.1471–87, d.1493), printer and trader in Latin and Low Ger- Folio (283 × 205 mm), 24 leaves. Sometime included in a larger Sammel- man works in Cologne. Jesse D. Mann argues that Koelhoff ’s in- band, now bound in early 19th-century brown quarter cloth, marbled pa- volvement as printer “provides further evidence of [the Tractatus’s] per boards, orange lozenge paper label to front board lettered and triple ruled in gilt. Printed in gothic type with spaces for initials. Complete with relative popularity and importance” (p. 74). From approximately the initial blank leaf. Bookplate of Francesco Orazio Beggi (fl.1848–80), 1470, “experiments were made in stamping in typeset signatures Commissary Director of Police in Modena under the provisional govern- by hand . . . This rather ugly device was of short vogue, for in 1472 ment in 1848, to front pastedown (his library was sold anonymously by Johann Koelhoff of Cologne showed the way to all subsequent Puttick and Simpson in London in two sales, 16–18 March 1864 and 10 printers by setting up a last line on the pages that needed signing, May 1865); 2 catalogue clippings also to front pastedown; contemporary consisting of the necessary letter and number and, for the rest, of marginal annotations in ink including several manicules. Extremities a a row of quads or other spaces that left it blank in printing. The in- little worn and chipped, contents lightly toned with some dampstain to vention spread and in a dozen years was general” (Stokes, p. 324). top and fore edges of gathering C, a very good copy of this rare work. As one of his earlier works this Tractatus is therefore of considerable first edition of one of the earliest printed works devoted to typographical significance. It is also interesting to note that Koel- finance, the author’s first printed text, and one of the first books hoff printed several other works on the census question. to carry printed signatures. Written during the Council of Basel, The second work (5 pages) discusses the observance of Sundays this treatise presents Segovia’s contribution to the debate sur- and other Feast Days. rounding the theory and practice of census in medieval theology and economics. In it he sets forth an extended argument for the Copinger 3369; Goff J434; Oates 517; Sheppard 782; Voulliéme, Der Buch- moral neutrality of financial transactions involving lifetime or druck Kölns bis zum Ende des fünfzehnten Jahrhunderts, 639. Not in the British Library. ISTC locates 15 copies worldwide. See Jesse D. Mann, “Juan de perpetual annuities relating to assets (“census”) distinct from Segovia’s Super materia contractuum de censibus annuis: Text and Context” (E. usurious loan transactions (“mutuum”). J. Brill, 1996); Roy Stokes, Esdaile’s Manual of Bibliography, sixth edition John of Segovia was born toward the end of the 14th century and (2001). probably died in 1458. He came to prominence at the Council of £35,000 [121113]

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 79 The five pamphlets are as follows: a) Three lectures on the transmission of the precious metals from country to country, and the mercantile theory of wealth, delivered before the Universi- ty of Oxford in June, 1827. London: John Murray, 1830. Pp. [4], 96. Near-contemporary ownership inscription, dated July 1870, and 2 library stamps to title page. Second edition (first 1828). Gold- smiths’ 26199. b) An introductory lecture on political economy, delivered before the Uni- versity of Oxford, on the 6th of December, 1826. London: John Murray, 1831. Pp. [2], 33, [1]. Third edition (first 1827). Goldsmiths’ 26686. c) Three lectures on the rate of wages, delivered before the University of Ox- ford, in Easter term 1830. With a preface on the causes and remedies of the present disturbances. London: John Murray, 1831. Pp. xix, [1], 57, [3]. Second edition (first 1830). Not in Goldsmiths’. d) Two lectures on population, delivered before the University of Oxford, in Easter term, 1828. To which is added, a correspondence between the author and the Rev. T. R. Malthus. London: John Murray, 1831. Pp. [4], 90, [2]. Third edition (first 1828). Goldsmiths’ 26723. e) A letter to Lord Howick, on a legal provision for the Irish poor; commutation of tithes, and a provision for the Irish Roman Catholic clergy. With a preface, containing suggestions as to the measures to be adopted in the present emergency. London: John Murray, 1832. Pp. [4], xvii, [1], [5]–104. Third edition (first 1831). Goldsmiths’ 27632. £1,500 [122283] 161 162 “The bel-esprit of English economists” (Marx) SHAW, Nellie. Whiteway. A Colony on the Cotswolds. 161 London: the C. W. Daniel Company, 1935 Octavo. Original green cloth, spine lettered in red. With the dust jacket. SENIOR, Nassau William. [Five pamphlets on political Facsimile frontispiece of a letter from H. G. Wells, 5 photographic plates. economy.] London: John Murray, 1830–2 4 laid-in newspaper clippings regarding a radio play about Whiteway, 5 pamphlets in 1 volume, octavo (210 × 130 mm). Rebound in modern with accompanying annotated leaves. Small hole to front joint not reach- quarter calf, preserving the contemporary black spine label, spine ruled ing text-block, spotting to edges. An excellent, bright copy in the dust in gilt, marbled paper boards, edges sprinkled red. Spine label a little jacket with a few markings to the front panel and two portions of tape chipped, contents tanned and occasionally spotted with some annota- repair to verso. tions in pencil to the text, overall in very good condition. first edition. Whiteway was a Tolstoyan anarchist community A collection of five pamphlets on political economy by Senior, established by Quaker journalist Samuel Veale Bracher near the whom Marx called “the bel-esprit of English economists, well- Gloucestershire village of Miserden in 1898. “Vegetarianism was known, alike for his economical ‘science’ and for his beautiful obligatory, nudism optional . . . [An early visitor remarked that] style” (Kapital, B.1, section 3: Senior’s “Last Hour”). The works, prosperity . . . sapped some of the primitive rigour from the ven- here in mixed editions, set forth his theories on wages, the Irish ture. However, the sexual permissiveness that had been one of the poverty problem, and population, the latter a pamphlet pub- founding tenets remained . . . In the 1920s the Colony was infiltrat- lished accompanied by Senior’s correspondence with Malthus. ed by the Home Office, anxious about revolutionary tendencies” (Aslet, Villages of Britain, online). Shaw was one of the first mem- After establishing himself as a well-respected member of the bers of the community, which survives to the present day. Political Economy Club in London, Senior (1790–1864) was appointed the first incumbent of the Drummond Professorship of £850 [113477] Political Economy at Oxford from 1825 to 1830. It was during this tenure “that he won wide respect as a lucid exponent of what was still an infant discipline. Most of the lectures he then delivered were subsequently published as pamphlets” (ODNB). Four of the five works in this volume are such publications, recording nine lectures in total. The fifth work, A letter to Lord Howick, addresses the Irish poverty problem, an issue which Senior would return to again and again during his lifetime. His opinion – that government intervention could have a positive economic effect on the chronic poverty and infrastructure issues in Ireland – was highly unorthodox for the time.

80 Peter Harrington 146 163 164

Rare first and only edition of early American radical ume, in a plainer manner, as it regards the gilding, than the pro- spectus of his work stipulates; and to substitute, instead thereof, Skidmore’s first work the novel, and as he trusts, in this instance, the useful innovation 163 upon book-binding, of stamping on the two covers, in letters of gold, the title of the work.” SKIDMORE, Thomas. The Rights of Man to Property! The work is notably scarce: “Unlike the reform literature Being a proposition to make it equal among the adults mass-produced by the comparatively well-funded abolitionist of the present generation: and to provide for its equal and temperance societies, most of these labor publications are transmission to every individual of each succeeding today scarce because they were financed and produced by soli- generation, on arriving at the age of maturity. New York: tary crusaders. Skidmore’s The Rights of Man to Property! [was] Printed for the author by Alexander Ming, 1829 published by the author and [is] today known in only a handful of Duodecimo (172 × 152 mm). Contemporary mottled sheep, front and copies” (Gilreath, “Labor History Sources in the Library of Con- rear boards lettered in gilt, black morocco label and gilt rules to spine. gress” in Labor History, vol. 25, no 2 [1984]). Housed in a red cloth solander box, cream paper spine label. Ownership inscriptions to front free endpaper and front blank. Light rubbing to ex- £8,000 [117031] tremities, front hinge cracked but firm, minor foxing and tanning to contents, a little loss to lower edge of front free endpaper, a very good copy. Adam Smith’s first appearance in print first and only edition of the American radical political philosopher’s first work, published in the same year as the emer- 164 gence of the Working Men’s Party of which he was both leader (SMITH, Adam.) HAMILTON, William. Poems on several and co-founder. The Rights of Man to Property! is his seminal work, Occasions. Glasgow: Robert & Andrew Foulis, 1748 the first of only three books published before his premature death Octavo (151 × 90 mm). Contemporary speckled calf, neatly rebacked pre- in 1832. In it he virulently discredits the ideas of both Thomas Jef- serving the original spine ruled gilt in compartments, double-line gilt ferson and Thomas Paine in a treatise which prefigures the views rule border to boards, new leather label. Corners lightly worn, author- of Marx. Alongside Robert Dale Owen and Frances Wright, Skid- ship added to title page in a near-contemporary hand, a very good copy. more advocated universal public education, the abolishment of first edition of Hamilton’s poems, with a preface by Adam debtors’ prisons, and a reduction to working day hours, among Smith, his first appearance in print. other things. Vanderblue, p. 46. The advertisement leaf at the rear of this edition promotes the new fashion for stamping titles to covers as opposed to decora- £3,750 [125751] tive patterns: “the author has concluded to bind the present vol-

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 81 165

165 per margin of first few leaves of volume I with light dampstain, spotting throughout, more severe in places, slight marginal loss to two leaves (text SMITH, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes unaffected); a very good copy. of the Wealth of Nations. In Two Volumes. The Second Fifth edition, the last to be published during Smith’s lifetime. Edition. London: for W. Strahan and T. Cadell, 1778 “Where the political aspects of human rights had taken two cen- 2 volumes, quarto (304 × 240 mm). Rebacked to style in speckled calf turies to explore, Smith’s achievement was to bring the study of preserving the contemporary marbled paper boards, red morocco spine economic aspects to the same point in a single work. The Wealth label, renewed flyleaves, edges uncut. Boards and extremities profession- of Nations is not a system, but as a provisional analysis it is com- ally repaired, contents tanned and occasionally foxed, horizontal tear to pletely convincing. The certainty of its criticism and its grasp of sig. 2Y1 of vol. 1, else a very good copy. human nature have made it the first and greatest classic of mod- Second edition of this classic of economic thought, one of 500 ern economic thought” (PMM). copies, the only other edition to be published in quarto format Goldsmiths’ 13794; Kress B.1722; Sraffa 5451; Tribe 33; Vanderblue, p. 3. after the first edition of 1776. Long considered a straight reprint, See Printing and the Mind of Man 221 (first edition). this edition in fact contains “a number of alterations large and small, some providing new information, some correcting mat- £2,950 [115507] ters of fact, some perfecting the idiom, and a large number now documenting references in footnotes” (Todd, p. 62). 167 Einaudi 5329; Goldsmiths’ 11663; Kress B.154; Tribe 15; Vanderblue, p. 3. SMITH, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes See also Printing and the Mind of Man 221. of the Wealth of Nations; [together with] The Theory of £25,000 [123220] Moral Sentiments. London: A. Strahan & T. Cadell [and] W. Beech & J. Bell & Co., Edinburgh, 1791–2 166 Together 5 volumes, octavo (211 × 125 mm). Near-uniformly bound in SMITH, Adam. An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes contemporary tree calf, red, green, and black morocco labels to spines lettered in gilt, spines numbered in gilt in Roman numerals for Wealth of of the Wealth of Nations. The Fifth Edition. London: for A. Nations and Arabic numerals for Theory of Modern Sentiments, spines gilt to Strahan; and T. Cadell, 1789 compartments with variant ornaments between the works, yellow end- 3 volumes, octavo (208 × 130 mm). Near-contemporary half calf, neatly papers. Wealth of Nations bound without half-titles. Very minor rubbing to rebacked to style, red morocco spine labels, compartments ruled in gilt, extremities and covers, light abrasion to a few labels, occasional minor marbled boards, endpapers, and edges. Professionally recornered. Up- foxing, a few pages lightly creased, vol. I of Moral Sentiments with short

82 Peter Harrington 146 167 169 closed tear and light abrasion to front endpaper and with a minor paper than half of the essays selected by Smollett for his English trans- fault to p. 273. Overall a highly attractive set. lation deal with agriculture in various forms. A handsome set, bringing together Smith’s two most important Goldsmiths’ 8885; Higgs 740; Kress 5401. works, with a pleasing provenance, from the library of the leading German Neo-Kantian philosopher Heinrich Rickert (1863– £1,500 [104202] 1936), with his bookplates. The set comprises the sixth edition of The Wealth of Nations (first 1776) and the seventh of The Theory of 169 Moral Sentiments (first 1759). SPIFAME, Raoul; Jean Auffray (ed.) Vues d’un politique The Theory of Moral Sentiments established Smith’s reputation in du XVIe siècle, Sur la législation de son tems, également both Britain and the continent. Smith extensively revised the propres à réformer celle de nos jours; ou choix des arrests work for the sixth edition, splitting the work from one volume qui composent le recueil de Raoul Spifame, connu sous to two, partly to allow the refreshment of copyright to his pub- le titre de Dicæarchiæ Henrici Regis Christianissimi lisher, in which he was successful. The present seventh edition progymnasmata; Avec des observations & une table maintains the revised text, with a few minor revisions. The third edition of The Wealth of Nations (1784) split the work from two vol- générale & raisonnée de tout l’ouvrage. Amsterdam & Paris: umes to three, and extensively revised the text. This new format Claude-Jacques-Charles Durand, 1775 and text was maintained with little alteration through the fourth, Octavo (192 × 117 mm). Contemporary mottled calf, flat spine decorated fifth, and present sixth editions. gilt in compartments, red morocco label, marbled endpapers, blue edges sprinkled white, red silk book marker. Half-title present. Slight abrasion Tribe 41 & 44. and small patch of worm damage to rear cover, a few patches of foxing. £6,500 [125037] A very attractive copy. first edition under Jean Auffray’s editorship of the works of 168 Raoul Spifame. Spifame (1500–1563) was a lawyer in the Paris Parlement, whose descent into madness led him to be confined [SMOLLETT, Tobias, trans.] Select Essays on Commerce, to an asylum. There, convinced he was King Henry II, he issued Agriculture, Mines, Fisheries, and Other Useful Subjects. decrees and wrote schemes for reform, all signed with his regnal London: Printed for D. Wilson, and T. Durham, 1754 name. This edition, edited by the physiocrat economist Jean Auf- Octavo (199 × 124 mm). Contemporary speckled calf, raised bands, edg- fray, led to the rediscovery of Spifame, with Auffray holding that es sprinkled red. Neat contemporary inscription to front pastedown. there was method in the madness and that Spifame’s writings Extremities lightly rubbed and worn, minor stripping and scuffing to offered a valuable mirror for princes. Indeed, many of Spifame’s boards, top compartment of spine repaired, endpapers browned, occa- proposals, including the abolition of seigniorial privileges and sional foxing to book block, tear to p.391 affecting the first line of the the standardisation of law and of weights and measures, were text. A very good copy. later implemented. The work is uncommon, with eight copies first edition of “the first notice in English of the physiocratic listed on OCLC, none of which are in Britain. doctrine” (Higgs), which collects more than 30 essays translated INED 4243. by Tobias Smollett from the Journal Œconomique. The physiocratic doctrine proposes that the wealth of nations is derived solely £1,000 [123570] from the value of agriculture or land-development; fittingly more

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 83 170 172 173

170 book that made his reputation. Stocking’s book was in fact his dissertation for the University of Texas at Austin which “won the STANLEY, Thomas. The History of Philosophy, in Eight Hart, Schaffner, and Marx prize for the best study in economics, Parts. London: Humphrey Moseley and Thomas Dring, 1655-1656 giving Stocking $1,000 and subsidized publication by Houghton Folio (267 × 169 mm). Late 20th-century calf, tan morocco label, gilt and and Mifflin” (Olien, Oil & Ideology: The Cultural Creation of the Ameri- blind tooling to spine bands, covers panelled in blind. 17 engraved portraits can Petroleum Industry [University of North Carolina, 2000], p. 285). of philosophers. Without the engraved portrait frontispiece of Stanley, usually present. Earlier binder’s blank with late 19th- or early 20th-century £2,250 [97124] manuscript note on the book and pasted early 20th-century bookseller’s catalogue description, later annotations on part 3 pp. 67 and 70. Spine lightly faded, joints and tips slightly rubbed, a couple of scratches on front 172 cover, occasional blemishes to contents, loss to bottom corner of part 1 p. TAYLOR, Thomas (trans.) Ocellus Lucanus on the Nature 55 without affecting text, loss to top corner of part 6 p. 117 without affecting of the Universe. Taurus, the Platonic philosopher, on the text, plate of Aristippus with a few small holes, some foxing and browning of pages, the odd ink splash, overall a very good copy. eternity of the world. Julius Firmicus Maternus of the Thema mundi: in which the positions of the stars at the first collected edition, here with part I dated 1656, parts II & III dated 1655, and parts IV to VIII dated 1656. Stanley would commencement of the several mundane periods is given. add a further five parts in 1660, and a History of Chaldaick Philosophy Select theorems on the perpetuity of time, by Proclus. in 1662. The History of Philosophy of the poet and classical scholar London: Printed for the translator, and sold by John Bohn, Henry Thomas Stanley (1625–1678) was the most notable English-lan- Bohn and Thomas Rodd, 1831 guage account of the classical philosophers yet produced, and be- Octavo (187 × 111 mm). Contemporary brown morocco, rebacked with came the standard authority for many years, republished in a single original spine laid down, covers elaborately panelled in blind, marbled volume in 1687, 1701 and 1743, alongside French and Latin editions. endpapers, edges gilt. Slight loss at spine ends, very light rubbing to mo- ESTC R17292. rocco, very slight foxing to contents, tiny chipping to extremities of a few pages. A very good copy. £1,000 [124060] first edition of Taylor’s translation of these four ancient Greek philosophers. The neoplatonist Thomas Taylor (1758–1835) was 171 a prolific translator of ancient Greek writing, and was the first STOCKING, George Ward. The Oil Industry and the to translate the complete works of Plato and Aristotle into Eng- Competitive System, a Study in Waste. Boston & New York: lish. He was such a committed Hellenist that he and his wife are reputed to have conversed only in ancient Greek. Taylor’s transla- Houghton Mifflin Company, 1925 tions were received with almost uniform derision at home, for his Octavo. Original reddish-brown ribbed cloth, lettered in gilt. With the sometimes awkward English and his enthusiasm for late Neopla- dust jacket. Spine of jacket a little dulled, minor closed tear at head, pa- tonism (hence paganism), but, nevertheless, they were a major per flaw in margin at pp. 263–6, a touch of foxing to outer edges; a very good copy. influence on the Romantic poets and the American transcenden- talists, with Ralph Waldo Emerson reading them enthusiastically. first edition of this important work by the American pioneer of industrial organisation, George W. Stocking (1892–1975), the £1,250 [124726]

84 Peter Harrington 146 The most eminent founder of scientific socialism 173 [THOMPSON, William.] Labor Rewarded. The claims of labor and capital conciliated: or, how to secure to labor the whole products of its exertions . . . By one of the idle classes. London: printed for Hunt and Clarke, 1827 Octavo. Recently rebound in half calf and marbled boards to style, spine ruled and lettered gilt, sprinkled edges. 2 preliminary leaves misbound (half-title appearing after title leaf; [a4] appearing before [a3]), small pencil annotation to p. viii. Edges of initial leaf and final few leaves browned, with some mild offsetting and occasional spotting elsewhere, overall a very good copy. first edition of Thompson’s emphatic rejection of the competitive market economy, written in answer to Thomas Hodg- skin’s Labour Defended (1825). One of the first social critics to 174 emphasise that the trade cycle was an inevitable malady of capitalism, Thompson asserted that, as long as the existing system The author’s copy remained, “crisis will succeed to crisis at intervals more or less distant”. 174 William Thompson (1785–1833), a substantial landowner and a TINBERGEN, Jan. Minimumproblemen in de natuurkunde theorist of some distinction who was strongly influenced by Owen en de ekonomie. Proefschrift ter verkrijging van den and Bentham, was considered by many to be the “chief cham- graad van doctor in de wis- en natuurkunde aan de rijks- pion” of the co-operative cause. He “helped to mould Owenite thinking as much as Owenite socialism shaped his own thought. universiteit te Leiden . . . te verdedigen op vrijdag 22 Maart In particular his political or, as Thompson would have preferred 1929, des naiddags te 4 uur. Amsterdam: H. J. Paris, 1929 it, ‘social economy’, provided Owenites with a new range of crit- Octavo. Contemporary green cloth, black cloth backstrip, spine lettered ical tools of analysis” (The New Palgrave, p. 632). Menger believed in black and front cover in gilt, publisher’s device blind-stamped to rear that “so much of the socialist philosophy as centres in the right to board, top edge black. Very minor wear to extremities, boards a little the whole produce of labour is completely expounded in the writ- sunned, front free endpaper tanned from inserted leaves, faint mark from previous erasure to rear free endpaper, else a very good copy, lightly ings of William Thompson; from his works the later socialists tanned throughout. – the Saint-Simonians, Proudhon, and, above all, Rodbertus and Marx – have directly or indirectly drawn their opinions” (quoted tinbergen’s copy of his doctoral thesis, with his initials to in Hearnshaw, A Survey of Socialism, p. 223). the front free endpaper and first blank, two leaves of manuscript inserts, and several neat pencil annotations, including the cor- Labor Rewarded “criticised the importance given by Hodgskin to rection made to formula 10 on p. 7 listed as the single erratum of ‘mental labourers, literati, men of science’ and other ‘non-pro- the first trade edition, and mistakes on pp. 15, 25. This copy with ductive’ labourers, whom the latter had classified as ‘productive’ a Dedication leaf (“to my father and mother; to my fiancée”) and on the ground that they earned their upkeep . . . Thompson’s an Acknowledgment section, neither present in the first trade edi- analysis of the economic system did not, however, differ radically tion; additionally with two newspaper reviews of Minimumproblemen from that of Hodgskin, who was in fact largely following the path and a four-page printed sheet titled “Stellingen” laid in. he had himself laid down. Both writers attacked the exaction of landlords and capitalists, but while [Thompson] proposed the Tinbergen’s thesis is the earliest published application of the au- replacement of capitalism by Co-operative Communism, Hodg- thor’s mathematical theories to economics. “Tinbergen studied skin sought to render the existing system completely competitive physics and mathematics at the University of Leiden under the in the hope that this would enable the labourer to receive the full supervision of the physicist Paul Ehrenfest, a personal friend of fruit of his toil. Thompson applauded this goal, but thought the Albert Einstein. During his studenthood, Tinbergen’s concern for means totally unrealistic” (Pankhurst). social issues developed after meeting the poor of Leiden, and his commitment to poverty relief would last throughout his whole Goldsmiths’ 25424; Kress C.1980; Sraffa 5821. For a full analysis of this career. He joined the Social Democratic Labour Party in 1922 . . . work, see Pankhurst, William Thompson, pp. 102–17. Since Tinbergen felt that he could serve the socialist cause better £3,750 [118823] as an economist than as a physician, he engaged in the study of economics through self-learning. His PhD thesis (1929), on the similarity between minimum problems in physics and economics, marks this transition” (Besomi, p. 429). In 1969 Tinbergen was the first to obtain the Nobel Prize for economics. See Daniele Besomi (ed.), Crises and Cycles in Economic Dictionaries and Ency- clopaedias (Routledge, 2012). £6,750 [123617]

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 85 175 176

175 first printed in 1637 by Adriaen Roman in Haarlem, “the most important contemporary source for the speculation” (Krelage, (TULIPOMANIA). De drie t’Zamenspraeken Tuschen p. 13). Then follow the Sotte-Bollen, an anthology of satirical po- Waermondt en Gaergoedt, over de Op- en Ondergang van ems which had originally been published separately in 1637, and Flora: Als mede Floraes Zotte-Bollen, Troost-brief, en een the Troost-brief (which was also first previously printed in 1637 in Register der tegenwoordige meest geächte Hyacinten, met Haarlem, but by Hans Passchiers van Wesbusch). der zelver Prysen. Verçiert met een curieuse Prent. Deze The Samenspraecken were written as an admonition to those in- tweden Druck vermeerdert en van veele fauten gezuyvert; volved in the tulip speculation and as a warning to future would- [Comprising] Eerste T’Samen-spraeck Tusschen be speculators. They are “the best source for the tulip speculation Waermont ende Gaergoedt, nopende de opkomste ende from the time itself. Not only do they give the . . . methods of how ondergang van Flora; [and] Tweede T’Samen-spraeck business was done, but they contain numerous details about the Tusschen Waermont ende Gaergoedt, Zijnde het vervolgh trade and the prices, and observations on the tulips themselves” Van de op ende ondergangh van Flora; [and] Register van (E. H. Krelage, Bloemenspeculatie in Nederland, Amsterdam, 1942, p. de Prijsen der Bloemen, Zijnde de Derde t’Samen-Spraeck, 74). Tusschen Gaergoed ende Waermond, Inhoudende het OCLC locates twelve copies worldwide, of which eight are in the Netherlands. vervolgh Van den op ende ondergangh van Flora; [and] Floraes Sotte-Bollen: Afgemaelty in Dichten en Sangen £4,500 [121649] door Verscheyde Autheuren; [and] Troost-Brief, Aen alle Bedroesde Bloemmisten, die treuren over’t sterven of ’t 176 overlijden van Flora, Goddinne der Floristen. Haarlem: (UNITED STATES.) Tree of Liberty. New York: Ensign, Johannes Marshoorn, 1734 Bridgman & Fanning, 1858 Octavo (154 × 93 mm). Contemporary vellum over paste paper boards, Broadside coloured lithograph (788 × 585 mm). Presented in a hand-fin- spine hand-lettered. Woodcut floral spray device on general title page, ished frame with conservation mount and glass. Some short tears at head printer’s tulip ornament on the five subsequent title pages. Folding en- of print, professionally repaired. Edges with extensive chipping and wear, graved plate of Floraes Gecks-kap in the fourth part. Small library label to neatly strengthened on the reverse. A rare survival in very good condition. front pastedown; pale staining to endpapers, a very good copy. A striking piece of Americana, the “Tree of Liberty”, with the Second collected edition of these cautionary texts regarding then-31 states of the United States of America portrayed on its the tulip speculation in Holland in the 1630s. The collection be- branches, with a hearty American worker, sailor and farmer at its gins with the rare Three Dialogues between Waermondt and Gaergoedt, base, next to vignettes of the arrival of Columbus and the Pilgrim

86 Peter Harrington 146 Fathers. Each state is depicted with its seal, its date of settlement, its entrance to the union, its area, and number of farm and factories. The liberty tree itself is a distinctly American image, with the original liberty tree a Boston elm that became a rallying point for resistance to British rule, until felled by a British loyalist in 1775. Overall the print is a bold statement of American self-confi- dence and expansionism, two years before the Civil War. £2,250 [113563]

177 VAN KLEECK, Mary. A Seasonal Industry. A Study of the Millinery Trade in New York. New York: Russell Sage Foundation, 1917 Octavo. Original green cloth, gilt lettered spine and front cover. With the dust jacket. Monochrome frontispiece and 12 plates. Jacket lightly soiled, with a few chips, nicks and tears. An excellent copy. first edition, first printing, of a ground-breaking study by the American social researcher and reformer Mary van Kleeck (1883–1972), “a dynamic and influential figure in the investigation and improvement of labour conditions in the first half of the 20th century” (Encyclopaedia Britannica). This is one of her most important books and is very scarce in the original dust jacket. £1,250 [100429]

A classic of public finance 178 178 VAUBAN, Sébastien Le Prestre de. Projet d’une dixme the displeasure of the king [Louis XIV]. A few weeks later he royale: qui supprimant la taille, les aydes, les doüanes died” (Palgrave). d’une province à l’autre, les décimes du clergé, les affaires Although the renowned soldier-engineer Vauban (1633–1707) extraordinaires; & tous autres impôts onereux & non wrote on a very wide variety of subjects apart from economics, volontaires: Et diminuant le prix du sel de moitié & plus, the Projet d’une dixme royale is an outstanding work in the field of produiroit au Roy un revenu certain et suffisant, sans frais; public finance. Its two most notable features are its understanding of the central role of fiscal policy in economic reform – the & sans être à charge à l’un de ses sujets plus qu’à l’autre, result of an exceptionally comprehensive grasp of the economic qui s’augmenteroit considérablement par la meilleure process – and its use of detailed numerical data to substantiate culture des terres. [Rouen: no printer,] 1707 conclusions. Schumpeter pronounced the work “unsurpassed, Quarto (241 × 190 mm). Contemporary sprinkled calf, spine elaborate- before or after, in the neatness and cogency of the argument . . . ly decorated gilt in compartments, red morocco label, sprinkled edges. Nobody ever understood better the true relation between facts Large folding table, “Formulaire qui peut servir pour tout un pays”, at p. and argument. It is this that makes him an economic classic in 192. Very skilful repairs to spine ends and corners, some light spotting, the eulogistic sense of the word, and a forerunner of modern ten- stronger in places, a very good copy. dencies” (History of Economic Analysis, p. 204). very rare first edition, first issue (with B4 in uncancelled According to Boislisle, the first edition was printed in Rouen in state: on p. 16, a setier is given as weighing 170, rather than 240 1706 at the initiative of the Abbé de Beaumont (who is actually pounds, here corrected in a contemporary hand), and a notable credited with the authorship of the work by Boisguilbert). Vauban rarity, of “an erudite economic work much in advance of its time, had the sheets bound by the widow of a certain Fétil, and took and distinguished both by accuracy of method and breadth of great pains that the book did not have any public circulation. It view” (Palgrave), “creditable alike to the heart and the head of its was prohibited on 14 February 1707, but apparently the police illustrious author” (McCulloch). were only able to seize two copies (described as in “veau fauve” Carpenter lists six other printings dated 1707, all in smaller for- and marbled parchment). To the police, the binder declared she mat, and eight subsequent editions before 1710, including the had had 264 copies in total, 12 bound in morocco, the rest in calf. English translation A Project for a Royal Tythe (1708; reissued in Carpenter X (1); En français dans le texte 134; Goldsmiths’ 4431; Kress 2583; 1710 as An Essay for a General Tax). “Though the book was pub- McCulloch, p. 342f; Masui, p. 396; this edition not in Einaudi, Hollander, lished anonymously, and only a few copies issued [for circulation INED, Massie or Sraffa. See Arthur Michel de Boislisle, La Proscription du among friends], Vauban had to submit to the mortification of projet de Dime Royale et la mort de Vauban (Mémoire lu à l’Académie des sciences seeing it ‘pilloried’ by the parliament, while he himself incurred morales et politiques) (Paris, 1875). £52,500 [122434]

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 87 179 181

Presentation copy bibliophile and collector who was curator of the manuscript and rare book department at Syracuse University Library in the 1960s. 179 His collection of Algernon Charles Swinburne first editions and VEBLEN, Thorstein. Imperial Germany and the Industrial manuscripts was considered one of the most complete and is Revolution. New York: The Macmillan Company, 1915 now held by Georgetown University, Washington DC. Mayfield’s bookplate is pasted onto the jacket’s front flap. Octavo. Original dark green cloth, spine lettered and ruled in gilt, single frames to boards in blind, top edge gilt, others uncut. With the dust Originally published by Macmillan in 1899, Norwegian-American jacket. Previous owner’s initials to dust jacket panels and spine in ink, professor Thorstein Veblen’s first and most successful work was some faint pencil annotations to the text. A bright copy, endpapers written as a serious economic analysis of contemporary Ameri- tanned and lightly foxed, complete with the rare dust jacket, spine faded, ca, but after William Dean Howells gave the book a rave review a little chipped with some loss to jacket extremities, flaps pasted to inner as a social satire, it became a best-seller. “Into it he poured all boards, overall in very good condition. the acidulous ideas and fantastic terminology that had been first edition, first printing, presentation copy, in- simmering in his mind for years. It was a savage attack upon the scribed by the author in ink on the front free endpaper, “Mr business class and their pecuniary values, half concealed behind W. C. Curtis with the compliments of Mr. Veblen”. Published an elaborate screenwork of irony, mystification and polysyllabic shortly after the outbreak of the First World War, Veblen’s fourth learning” (DAB). “The treatise is essentially an analysis of the la- book aimed to account for why and how Germany had so suc- tent functions of ‘conspicuous consumption’ and ‘conspicuous cessfully dominated the modern industrial market, basing his waste’ as symbols of upper-class status and as competitive meth- arguments on business enterprise rather than “national genius”. ods of enhancing individual prestige. Veblen’s term ‘conspicuous Joseph Dorfman, in his introduction to the 2006 edition, argues consumption’ has become part of everyday language” (IESS) and that this is “the finest drama that Veblen ever wrote” (p. xii). in modern economy Veblen goods are those whose demand in- £1,500 [122230] creases in proportion to their price, in contradiction with the law of demand. This copy is a third printing of the edition published by Huebsch (now Viking Press), which was first published in 1918. 180 £2,750 [115325] VEBLEN, Thorstein. The Theory of the Leisure Class. New York: B. W. Huebsch, 1922 181 Octavo. Original dark green cloth, spine lettered in gilt, publisher’s device and single-rule panelling to front board in blind. With the dust jack- (VENN, John.) COURNOT, Antoine Augustin. Exposition et. Small piece of tissue paper tipped-in next to author’s signature. Tiny de la théorie des chances et des probabilités. Paris: Librairie dampstain to foot of spine, a couple of small white marks to front board, de L. Hachette, 1843 contents a little toned. A very good copy in a chipped and toned jacket with partial splits to folds and a 1-inch strip of loss to top edge of front Octavo (220 × 135 mm). Contemporary red cloth, black morocco spine la- panel and head of spine, without any loss of text. A very good copy. bel lettered in gilt, top edge brown, edges sprinkled red. Folding diagram to rear. Spine faded, skilful repair to spine panel and lower portion of Later edition, presentation copy, inscribed by the author in pen- label, light scratches to covers, spot of wear to front cover and tips, light cil on the front free endpaper, “John S. Mayfield, Thorstein Ve- foxing and occasional faint dampstain to contents. A very good copy. blen, April 1924”. John S. Mayfield (1904–1983) was an American first edition, a significant association copy, with the ownership inscription of the logician and philosopher John Venn (1834–1923), the inventor of the eponymous diagram, on the title page, “John Venn. G & C Coll. 1880.” Venn entered Gon- ville and Caius College, Cambridge in 1853, obtaining his degree in 1857 and going on to become a fellow of the college and Presi- dent in 1903. Venn popularised the frequentist view on probability which Cournot introduced here. Cournot was one of four writers from three countries (the others being Jakob Friederick Fries, Richard Leslie Ellis, and John Stuart Mill) who “independently proposed interpretations of probability that were fundamental- 180

88 Peter Harrington 146 182 ly frequentist in character” (Skyrms & Harper, p. 188). However, first edition of Vico’s two important Replies, in which he de- “despite this early efflorescence, the frequency theory did not be- fends and elucidates his views on the theory of knowledge and gin to gain widespread acceptance until its careful elaboration, metaphysics, in response to the criticisms levied against De an- nearly a quarter of a century later, in John Venn’s Logic of Chance”, tiquissima sapientia by the Giornale dei letterati d’Italia in 1711. Both published in 1866 (ibid.). This title is uncommon in commerce, are uncommon, with no copies traced in auction records, and with five copies traced at auction since 1975. OCLC locating just five copies of the first Risposta (British Library, Skyrms & Harper (eds.) Causation, Chance and Credence: Volume 1 (1988). Württembergische Landesbibliothek in Germany, and three in the US), and six copies of the second (British Library, two in Ger- £2,250 [110741] many, and three in the US). The first contains Vico’s answer to an anonymous reviewer, which 182 Benedetto Croce suggests was Bernardo Trevisano, a contempo- VICO, Giambattista. Risposta . . . nella quale si sciogliono rary Venetian scholar of philosophy. The second work is another tre gravi oppositioni fatte da dotto signore contral il primo “risposta”, this time addressed to the entire editorial staff of the libro De Antiquissima Italorum Sapientia, &c. overo della Giornale, written in response to their printed answer to his firstRe - Metafisica degli Antichissimi Filosofi Italiani; [bound ply. In this essay, longer and more detailed than its predecessor, together with] —. Risposta all’Articolo X. del Tomo VIII Vico takes an even stronger stand against Descartes’s methodology. The Giornale proposed (and Vico agreed) that this exchange be del giornale de’ Letterati d’Italia. Naples: Felice Mosca, 1711 considered “a kind of completion of the De antiquissima sapienta” & 1712 (Marshall, p. 143). 2 works in 1 volume, duodecimo (162 × 95 mm). Resewn and recased in See David L. Marshall, Vico and the Transformation of Rhetoric in Early Modern later rustic paste paper boards to style, uncut. Small split to paper at foot Europe (Cambridge University Press, 2010). of spine. Final gathering of the second work browned with faint foxing, penultimate leaves restored in the gutter, else bright, clean copies. £8,500 [123877]

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 89 183 184

First edition of Vico’s autobiography records or documents. But Porcía wrote to Esperti in September that Vico had grasped his idea better than anyone else, and car- 183 ried it out to perfection” (Introduction to the Cornell University VICO, Giambattista. Vita scritta da se medesimo. [In:] Press edition, 1963). Part B was completed in 1728, after which Raccolta d’opusculi scientifici e filologici. Tomo Primo. the autobiography was published in full in this present edition. Venice: Cristoforo Zane, 1728 In addition to Vico’s Life, the miscellany volume includes articles such as a history of the city of Prato, a life of the 16th-century his- Octavo (147 × 80 mm). Contemporary sheep, twin spine labels lettered in gilt, spine elaborately gilt with raised bands, edges sprinkled red. 3 torian Gualdo, and a review of a recent edition of the Decameron. plates, of which 2 folding, to pp. 90–3; engraved headpieces. Head of See Benedetto Croce, The Philosophy of Giambattista Vico (Macmillan, 1913). spine and top edges of boards repaired, gutter of front free endpaper repaired with Japanese tissue. Some patches of wear to boards, corners £4,750 [123878] bumped, contents lightly foxed with occasional instances of mild dampstain, overall a very good copy. An exceptional copy, extensively annotated first edition of Vico’s autobiography, argued by Croce to be by the author “the application of the Scienza Nuova (New Science) to the life of its author, the course of his own individual history” (p. 266), printed 184 as pages 145–256 in the first volume of Calogerà’s Raccolta d’opusculi VICO, Giambattista. Cinque libri de’ principj d’una scientifici e filologici, a quarterly miscellany. scienza nuova d’intorno alla comune natura delle nazioni. “A Proposal to the Scholars of Italy”, written by Count Gian Artico In questa seconda impressione con più propria maniera di Porcía in 1721 and printed in this volume as pages 127–43, en- condotti, e di molto accresciuti. Alla sanita di Clemente couraged intellectual figures “to write their autobiographies for the edification of young students and with a view to the reform XII. dedicati. Naples: Felice Mosca, 1730 of school curricula and methods. This proposal, animated by a Duodecimo (148 × 80 mm). Contemporary vellum, spine lettered gilt desire ‘for the advancement of learning in Italy our illustrious on brown ground. Housed in a black cloth flat-back box by the Chelsea Bindery. Engraved frontispiece, large folding table, woodcut initials and fatherland’, is followed by much the longest article in the vol- tailpieces. Fore edge of front board and bottom edge of rear board a little ume, the autobiography of Giambattista Vico, which is offered worn, a single worm hole (1 mm) throughout, touching the text but sense as a model . . . While he was waiting for [the New Science] to go to fully recoverable, small marginal worm track to the upper margin of the press, [Vico] composed Part A of his autobiography and sent it to final 10 leaves, occasional light spotting and browning, as usual, overall Porcía’s Roman agent Abbé Esperti, who forwarded it to Porcía a very good copy. on June 23. It gives every sign of having been written with great A remarkable copy of the radically altered second edition of Vico’s rapidity, for the most part from memory and without consulting masterpiece, annotated by the author on more than 100 pages,

90 Peter Harrington 146 184 185 many of the corrections and addenda being later included in the Benedetto Croce & Fausto Nicolini, Bibliografia Vichiana I, p. 45ff; Printing final, posthumous third edition of 1744. and the Mind of Man 184 (first edition of 1725). Vico’s Scienza nuova (New Science) has been “justly called ‘the vehi- £18,500 [123497] cle by which the concept of historical development at last entered the thought of western Europe’ . . . The concept of a history of 185 ideas, the principles of a universal history and its philosophical criticism, a recognition of the importance of social classes, all VOLTAIRE. Letters Concerning the English Nation. begin with Vico” (PMM). London: C. Davis & A. Lyon, 1733 Vico’s work had originally been conceived as a monumental work Octavo (197 × 128 mm). Recent quarter calf, smooth spine divided by in two quarto volumes, to be printed in Florence at Cardinal blind rules with brown label lettered in gilt, marbled sides. Recent pencilled ownership inscription to new front free endpaper. Title page very Lorenzo Corsini’s expense. But when Vico presented the manu- lightly soiled, a few blemishes to contents, else a very good copy. script to Corsini, the prelate felt that he could not meet the printing expenses and declined his patronage. Faced with the prospect first edition, the first in any language of Voltaire’s work, with of self-financing publication, Vico trimmed his text to a quarter the French edition, printed in Amsterdam, appearing the sub- of its original length, reorganizing his material in such a way that sequent year. Voltaire’s great admiration for the English people its argument seemed to him more cogent than the original. and their system of government was developed during his exile in the country in the 1720s. He was deeply impressed by the respect The first edition was of 1,000 copies, with 12 copies on large shown to Newton at his state funeral, to the toleration given to paper, published in 1725. Nicolini states that Vico signed, dedi- the Quakers, and to the British mixed system of government, and cated, and annotated several copies before sending them off to wrote the book with the strong implication that England provid- friends and libraries. The extent of the annotations varies from ed a model for French reform. The Letters are one of the key pro- around 200 mostly typographical corrections to just a few. ductions of the Enlightenment and remain one of Voltaire’s most Vico dedicated much of his remaining life to amending and ex- famous and widely read works. Voltaire’s enthusiastic writings on panding on his original text. As with the first edition, Vico again Bacon, Locke and Newton aided in bringing these individuals, sent out a few annotated copies of this second edition. Whereas with their empirical methods, into the French public eye, where those recorded or traceable on the market contain only few and they were a major influence on the Enlightenment’s moderate, minor emendations, this copy is exceptional both in regard to the non-Rousseauian wing. A scarcer issue with two final advertise- number and the extent of many of his annotations. ment leaves is also known, without known priority. This copy includes the rare appendix containing the congratulato- ESTC T137614; Sabin 100751. ry letter sent to the author by Francesco Spinelli, Prince of Scalea £3,000 [124033] (1681–1752), often absent because it was added to those copies still unsold in January 1731 (Bibliografia Vichiana I, pp. 49–50).

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 91 187

186 VOLTAIRE. Traité sur la tolérance. [Geneva: Frères Cramer,] 1763 Octavo (195 × 120 mm). Bound with 2 other works in contemporary 188 French mottled sheep, flat spine decorated gilt in compartments, red morocco label, marbled endpapers, red edges. Spine ends and corners skilfully restored, occasional foxing and the odd stain, blank corner of guste Walras (1801–1866), father of Léon, in which can be found one leaf and upper margin of two others torn with slight paper loss, over- the point of departure for Léon’s marginal utility theory. all a very good copy. “A. A. Walras was one of the first economists who perceived that first edition, first issue, of Voltaire’s famous plea for reli- value was not determined by utility. He was led to the study of eco- gious toleration, inspired by the trial of Jean Calas in 1762. Fired by nomics from the study of the theory of property . . . [and] there his hatred of intolerance and injustice, he carried on to a successful are many passages in his writings in which he appears to be on the issue his campaign for the rehabilitation of Jean Calas, a Huguenot point of enunciating in precise language the more correct views executed in 1762 on a false charge of murdering his son because the that are now associated with the names of his son Léon Walras latter wished to become a Roman Catholic. In 1765 the verdict was and Jevons. As a critic of the work of others he is acute rather than quashed and Calas’s innocence established by the Conseil d’état. sympathetic, but always generous. His writings are unfortunately Voltaire’s text is bound first in this volume, together with first edi- very rare . . . but a perusal of his earliest book is quite sufficient to tions of the French poet and literary critic Antoine Léonard Thom- show that he was a man of great originality of thought, and that he as’s Éloge de René Descartes (Paris, 1765) and Ode sur le temps (Paris, 1762). expresses his views in a clear style” (Palgrave III, p. 652). Bengesco 1693. Einaudi 5960 (Paris imprint); Goldsmiths’ 26693 (Evreux); Kress C.2997 (Paris); Mattioli 3793 (Evreux). £6,500 [125985] £11,000 [121449]

“A man of great originality of thought” Written during the author’s “period of high creativity 187 and maximum theoretical prolificacy” WALRAS, Auguste. De la nature de la richesse, et de 188 l’origine de la valeur. Paris: Alexander Johanneau, 1831 Octavo. Original stiff paper wrappers printed in black. Housed in a brown WALRAS, Léon. [A single volume containing 10 titles cloth flat-back box by the Chelsea Bindery. Spine restored at extremities, demonstrating Walras’s developing theories of economic final gathering guarded, a little marginal worming, a very good copy, un- equilibrium.] Various places: Various publishers, 1874–91 cut and partly unopened. 10 works bound in 1 volume, octavo. Later green cloth, spine lettered very scarce first edition, the paris issue; it was also is- and ruled in gilt, yellow endpapers, edges uncut. Manuscript contents sued with an Evreux imprint. This is the principal work of Au- leaf pasted to front free endpaper verso in black and red ink plus several section division leaves in manuscript. A number of folding plates.

92 Peter Harrington 146 188

From the library of the Royal Statistical Society of London, with a label to front pastedown and their stamps occasionally to contents, with a few neat pencil annotations to the text. Spine rolled, ends bumped with some short snags at head, extremities lightly rubbed, hinges gently cracked but firm, a few nicks to upper edge of first leaf, half-title a little loose, some pamphlets evenly browned, overall a very good volume. A substantial pamphlet volume, including the first edition of Théorie de la monnaie, encompassing some of Walras’s most characteristic work on general equilibrium theory and its effect on currency in the wake of his pioneering work, Éléments d’économie politique pure (1874). The ten works date from the years of his “sec- 189 ond phase of theoretical activity, his period of high creativity and maximum theoretical prolificacy” (Walker, p. 9), and his later Octavo (208 × 134 mm). Near-contemporary quarter calf, speckled paper period of maturity during the 1880s and 1890s, when he “signif- boards, red morocco spine label, raised bands ruled in blind, marbled icantly extended, refined, and altered his system, particularly in endpapers, edges sprinkled brown, partially unopened. With 4 folding regard to capital, money, and equilibrating mechanisms, and plates. Some wear to corners and lower board, small nick to second composed numerous essays on applied and normative econom- raised band, boards gently scuffed, contents lightly browned and plates ics” (The New Palgrave IV, p. 854). foxed as typical, overall a very good copy. Several of these articles, written after Walras’s appointment as pro- first edition of this collection of articles, originally intended fessor of political economy at the University of Lausanne in 1871, to complete Walras’s Élements d’économie politique pure under the were first delivered to the Vaudois Society of National Science in title Élements d’économie politique appliquée. The treatise remained Lausanne (and then printed in their Bulletin), and others were pub- unfinished, however, and it was eventually published in the form lished in the Journal des Économistes as well as in publications of vari- of incomplete Études. “Three-quarters of the volume are devoted ous other societies. Notable highlights from the volume include first to money and finance; the rest is divided into three roughly equal editions of Théorie mathématique du billet de banque (1880) and Théorie parts – between the study of monopolies, of agricultural stud- mathématique du prix des terres et de leur rachat par l’État (1881), and first ies, of industry and commerce and the ‘Esquisse d’une doctrine separate editions of Théorie mathématique du bimétallisme (1881) and économique et sociale’. In Part I, ‘Money’ – more than a third D’une méthode de régularisation de la variation de valeur de la monnaie (1885). of the book – Walras presents again the chapters that had been expurgated from the third edition of Éléments, the Theory of Mon- This volume has a pertinent mathematical provenance, having ey and half a dozen articles published in scientific journals and been bound together for the Royal Statistical Society of London newspapers. The part entitled “II. Monopolies” consists of only who, in the late 19th century, were acquiring material for their li- one substantial study dating back to 1875, ‘L’État et les chemins brary which was deemed to have made a valuable contribution to de fer’, that had been turned down by the Journal des économistes. statistical and economic science. A note at the foot of the manu- Part III contains three articles whose titles speak for themselves: script list of contents reads “N.B. Nos 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 9, & 10 of the ‘The influence of communication between markets on the situa- above form the book called Théorie mathématique de la richesse sociale.” tion of rural communities’, ‘Applied economics and the protec- A full description is available on request and on our website. tion of wages’ and ‘Theory of free trade’. Three parts follow, on Théorie de la monnaie (Lausanne: Corbaz & cie., 1886): Einaudi 5973; Matti- credit, banking (with a text that is crucial to understand Walras’s oli 3804; Sraffa 6245; Walker 169. See Donald A. Walker, Walrasian Econom- monetary theory, ‘Mathematical theory of banknotes’) and stock ics (Cambridge University Press, 2006). markets. The book concludes with ‘Outline of an economic and £27,500 [116829] social doctrine’” (Faccarello & Kurz, p. 256). Einaudi 5969; Walker 205. See Gilbert Faccarello & Heinz D. Kurz, Hand- book on the History of Economic Analysis Volume I: Great Economists since Petty and 189 Boisguilbert (Edward Elgar Publishing, 2016). WALRAS, Léon. Études d’économie politique appliquée. £4,250 [118741] (Théorie de la production de la richesse sociale.) Lausanne & Paris: F. Rouge & F. Pichon, 1898

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 93 first edition, presentation copy, inscribed by the editor to h. g. wells, “To My revered Political Guru Mr. H. G. Wells, one of forerunners of the world organisation. September 1945. N. Gangulee”. In this small volume the editor Professor Gangulee translated and compiled for an English audience selections from the writings of Sun Yat-Sen (1866–1925), the revolutionary founding father of the Republic of China. The inscription to Wells (1866–1946) as “one of the forerunners of the world organisation” is appropriate. In his utopian fiction and non-fiction Wells had long prophesied the coming of some form of world organisation – his best-selling book, The Outline of History (1919) claimed to be the first transnational history of mankind, and its 24th chapter envisioned a future “United States of the World”. He continued this prophetic theme in several books throughout the

190 191

190 20s and 30s, and thus this book’s appearance and presentation at the close of the Second World War (just before Wells’s death), as WEBER, Max. Zur Geschichte der Handelsgesellschaften the United Nations was being founded, is fitting. The wording of im Mittelalter. Nach südeuropäischen Quellen. Stuttgart: Wells’s The Rights of Man (1940) was closely followed for the 1948 Ferdinand Enke, 1889 United Nations Declaration of Human Rights. Octavo. Original yellow paper wrappers, spine and wrapper printed in This book is one of several from the library of H. G. Wells that black. Slight loss to spine removing the word “im”, two small chips and a were sent to his illegitimate daughter Anna-Jane Kennard (1909– crease to lower wrapper, overall a very good copy. 2010), the product of his 1908–9 extramarital affair with femi- first edition, the publisher’s file copy, with a printed nist author Amber Reeves (1887–1981). Wells’s novel Ann Veronica paper label to the front wrapper reading “Archivexemplar! Nach (1909) is based on his affair with Reeves. Kennard did not know Gebrauch sofort zurückgeben.” Max Weber (1864–1920), “one of the true identity of her father throughout her childhood and ad- the most powerful personalities that ever entered the scene of aca- olescence, but eventually they met. At, or shortly before, Wells’s demic science” (Schumpeter, 817n), submitted the present work as death in 1946, several boxes of books from the author’s library his doctoral dissertation. In it “he examined the various legal prin- were sent to his daughter, then living in her mother’s native New ciples according to which the cost, risk or profit of an enterprise Zealand. This copy has her ink ownership inscription, “Ken- were to be borne jointly by several individuals” (Bendix, p. 25). nard”, to the rear free endpaper. MacRae, Weber, p. 94. See Reinhard Bendix, Max Weber: An Intellectual Por- trait (Heinemann, 1960). £500 [121399] £2,250 [124520] 192 From the library of H. G. Wells WEST, Sir Edward. Price of Corn and Wages of Labour, with Observations upon Dr. Smith’s, Mr. Ricardo’s, and 191 Mr. Malthus’s Doctrines upon those Subjects; and an (WELLS, H. G.) SUN YAT-SEN. The Teachings. Selection attempt at an exposition of the causes of the fluctuation of from his writings Compiled and introduced by Professor the price of corn during the last thirty years. London: John N. Gangulee, formerly of the University of Calcutta. Hatchard and Son, 1826 Foreword by His Excellency Dr. V. K. Wellington Koo, the Octavo. Original boards, preserved in a cloth slipcase. Complete with Chinese Ambassador in Great Britain. London: The Sylvan the half-title and final advertisement leaf. 1 large folding lithographed chart frontispiece of the yearly average price of wheat by the harvest year Press, 1945 from 1774 to 1821. Ownership inscription to front free endpaper noting Small octavo. Original yellow cloth, spine and front board lettered in or- the work’s inclusion in McCulloch’s Literature of Political Economy. Boards ange. With the supplied dust jacket. Photographic portrait frontispiece. a little rubbed and soiled, with minor loss of surface paper. Occasional Cloth mottled particularly around the spine, split to cloth at rear joint, a light spotting, else a very good, uncut copy. good copy only, the jacket sunned to spine, lightly dust soiled and with first edition of West’s second work on economics, “a notable some chipping to extremities. book if only because it was virtually the first work to attack the wages

94 Peter Harrington 146 fund doctrine embedded in the writings of Adam Smith and Ricar- do” (Blaug in The New Palgrave). West’s earlier work of 1815, Essay on the Application of Capital to Land, with Observations Shewing the Impolicy of any Great Restriction of the Importation of Corn, was notable for having stated the theory of differential rent based on the principle of dimin- ishing returns before Ricardo did so in his Essay on the Influence of a low Price of Corn on the Profits of Stock, published 11 days later. Einaudi 6025; Goldsmiths’ 24816; McCulloch, p. 78; Sraffa 6291. £6,500 [126280]

193 (WICKSTEED, Philip Henry.) A unique and significant collection of material relating to the publication of Wicksteed’s Essay on the Co-ordination of the Laws of Distribution, 193 from the library of Jacob Viner. [Comprising:] WICKSTEED, Philip Henry. Essay on the Co-ordination of the Laws of Distribution. A unique and significant collection of material relating to the London: Macmillan & Co., 1894; [with] WALRAS, Léon. publication of Wicksteed’s Essay on the Co-ordination of the Laws Notes sur la Réfutation de la Théorie Anglaise du fermage de M. of Distribution, including a first edition of that same title; with an excellent association, being from the library of the Canadian Wicksteed. Lausanne: Imprimerie Ch. Viret-Genton, 1896; economist Jacob Viner, one of the leading figures of the early Chi- [with] PARETO, Vilfredo. La Courbe de la Répartition de la cago School of Economics. The collection includes the corrected Richesse. Lausanne: Imprimerie Ch. Viret-Genton, 1896; second issue of the first edition of Wicksteed’s Essay, with numer- [and] BARONE, Enrico. New Light on an Old Quarrel. Barone’s ous printed and manuscript corrections to the text. The Essay is unpublished review of Wicksteed’s Essay on the Coordination of the accompanied by three of the four major critical responses which Laws of Distribution and Related Documents. Edited by William it evoked, by Walras, Pareto, and Barone – the latter an editorial Jaffé. Genève: Librairie Droz, 1964. 1894–1964 presentation copy inscribed to Viner from Jaffé – as well as two Together 6 items. Wicksteed: octavo, pp. 56. Unbound in sheets, contem- autograph notes initialled by Viner, with his comments. porary brown paper wrappers, with manuscript title, “Co-ordination of the Wicksteed’s Essay is one of the major original contributions to Laws of Distribution, corrected copy”, in Wicksteed’s hand to loose leaf, marginal analysis, clarifying the issue of extending the marginal with 3 diagrams on 1 folding sheet laid in. Walras: quarto, pp. 11, [1]; print- theory of intensive rent into a more general theory of distribu- ed in and physically extracted from Recueil publié par la Faculté de Droit a l’occa- tion. A student and follower of W. S. Jevons, “Wicksteed’s origi- sion de l’exposition Nationale Suisse. Genève: 1896. Original printed front wrap- nality lay in his integration of the theory of value of resources… per from Recueil. Pareto: quarto, pp. 371–87, [1]; printed in and physically extracted from Recueil publié par la Faculté de Droit à l’occasion de l’exposition National [he asserted] that if in the production of any given amount of a Suisse. Genève: 1896. Unbound in sheets. Barone: octavo, pp. [61]–102; off- good each resource is paid the value of its marginal product, the printed from Cahiers Vilfredo Pareto. Revue Européenne d’histoire des sciences social- total of the payments will be equal to the market value of that es, 3: 1964. Original green wrappers. With 2 autograph notes from Viner laid amount of the good” (IESS). According to Stigler, Wicksteed was in; all housed in a custom made chemise and grey cloth flat-back box. Over- “much more thorough and consistent than Jevons. He extended all well-preserved copies of fragile publications, the wrappers chipped and marginal analysis to all parts of man’s rational life… [and in the a little rubbed, contents lightly browned. Wicksteed: some loss to edges Essay] he gave the first detailed and reasonably satisfactory state- of manuscript title leaf, some offsetting. Walras: cover marked, sometime ment of the general marginal productivity theory” (see Stigler, cropped and mounted for preservation to single sheet of thick paper, the first gathering guarded at the gutter using the same thick paper, the second Production and Distribution Theories, 1941). gathering retaining its original fold, some dampstain to gutters, a few neat A fuller description is available on request. pencil annotations to text. Pareto: some staining to extremities. Barone: wrappers very slightly faded at spine, faint imprint from paperclip to front £7,500 [125802] cover and subsequent two leaves, and a few spots of browning to p. 61.

192

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 95 194 WIESER, Friedrich von. Der natürliche Werth. Vienna: A. Holder, 1889 Octavo. Original yellow wrappers printed in black. Bookseller’s ticket to verso of front cover and Japanese ownership stamp to title page. Re- backed with most of the original spine laid down (text of title all present), large chips to covers sympathetically repaired with new paper, though with slight loss to publisher’s details on recto of front cover and advertisements on verso, closed tears on covers repaired on verso. Pages toned as usual, a few instances of faint foxing, tiny chips to pp. 231–6 not affecting text. A very good copy of this fragile volume, expertly restored. first edition of this classic of economics, Wieser’s attempt to apply marginal utility analysis to the determination of cost. Wieser (1851–1926) was one of the leading exponents of the Aus- trian, or “subjective”, school of economics. Together with his fellow student and brother-in-law Eugen von Böhm-Bawerk he developed the ideas of Carl Menger and made the Austrian school of marginal utility widely known. In his first book, Über den Ursprung und die Hauptgesetze des wirtschaftlichen Werthes (1884), which already foreshadowed theories of the present work, Wieser introduced the term Grenznutzen (marginal utility). The book earned him a lectureship at the University of Vienna. “Here he continued to work on the same problems and also on what he regarded merely as a first step toward a theory of value that was to be fully developed in [the present work]. He employed the expository device of studying value in a centrally directed economy and suggested 195 possible applications of utility theory to public finance. The book gained him almost immediate acclaim, and it was soon translated into English” (Frederich von Hayek in IESS). of high authority, such as magistrates, because it was they who made such fraudulent actions necessary. The hand-lettered title Masui p. 909; Menger col. 395. on the spine mistakenly identifies the author as “Lampius”. £1,250 [119107] Humpert 10937; VD17 12. £1,250 [118283] 195 WIPPERIUS, Cniphardus [pseud.] Expurgatio oder Wittgenstein’s first philosophical work Ehrenrettung der armen Kipper und Wipper: so mit grosser Leibes und Lebens Gefahr jetziger Zeit ihre 196 Nahrung mit dem Wechsel suchen: wieder die hefftige WITTGENSTEIN, Ludwig. Notes on Logic. Cambridge: und ernstliche Bussvermahnung M. Andreae Lampii dated 1913, but early 1950s Pfarrherrn der Kirchen genant bey S. Lorentz zu Hall in Carbon typescript on Foolscap Excelsior Fine British make laid paper Sachsen. Frankfurt: Herman Rathweil, 1622 watermarked 6GM/SH (327 × 201 mm), pp. [4], 14. Held together with a Small quarto pamphlet, pp. 20 (193 × 153 mm). Recent quarter vellum, rusted paperclip, preserved in a custom made cloth folder and slipcase. spine hand-lettered in ink, brown calf boards. A little light rubbing to Section numbers added in blue ink, with additional symbols, formulae, extremities and a few marks to boards, contents evenly browned, some and diagrams added by hand. Sometime folded in half, in very good con- small punctures to margins, a very good copy. dition. From the estate of the Wittgenstein scholar Michael Dummett. Early edition of the pseudonymous author’s response to Andre- a scarce carbon typescript copy of wittgenstein’s as Lampius’s work regarding the “Kipper und Wipper” financial notes on logic, originally dictated by Wittgenstein to Bertrand crisis during the start of the Thirty Years’ War, which prompted a Russell in October 1913, and first presented as a lecture in March huge surge in pamphlet publications on coinage. In the same year 1914 at Harvard, where Russell had been invited to lecture. The as the city-states of the Holy Roman Empire started to heavily de- Notes were first published from a version copied at Harvard by base currency in order to raise revenue, the clergyman Andreas Harry Costello, in the Journal of Philosophy (Vol. LIV, no. 9, 1957) Lampius (1576–1627) published his essay De ultimo Diablo foetu and subsequently as an appendix to the first printing of Wittgen- (1621) in Leipzig. In this he denounced as the children of Satan stein’s Notebooks, 1914–1916 (1961). The present version is based on those speculative traders – colloquially known as “Kipper und the so-called Russell version, which precedes the Costello ver- Wipper” – who profited from the severe inflation. In contrast, sion. It shares the same pagination as the typescript preserved by this anonymously published pamphlet defended the traders and G. H. von Wright, now in the Wittgenstein Archives at the Uni- suggested that the condemnation of the public should rest not on versity of Bergen, referred to by Michael A. R. Biggs as the TSx individuals but rather on the government and those in positions typescript. According to Carl Spadoni, former librarian at Mc- Master University, “the typescript was done in 1952–4 or slightly

96 Peter Harrington 146 196 197 earlier by David S. Shwayder, later a professor of philosophy at amendment following the Sedition Act of 1798, which criminal- the University of Illinois, who met Russell during this period. ised false statements that were critical of the federal government. Russell lent him ‘certain notes and letters of Wittgenstein’, and Published with the help of Abraham Alfonse Albert Gallatin (the Shwayder transcribed them.” Swiss-American politician who became Secretary of the Treasury For a full account of the publishing history see Brian McGuinness, “Ber- under Jefferson and Madison), who sought subscriptions for it trand Russell and the ‘Notes on Logic’” in Approaches to Wittgenstein, pp. among Republican members of Congress, Wortman’s Treatise has 243–58; and Michael A. R. Biggs, Editing Wittgenstein’s “Notes on Logic”, p. become recognised as containing one of the most sophisticated, 14ff. radical, and closely reasoned analyses of government and free £12,500 [97418] speech of its time. After its publication, Wortman worked as a New York City clerk 197 from 1801 to 1807; it is likely that the contemporary ownership signature of Henry F. Yates is that of Henry Frey Yates, a fellow WORTMAN, Tunis. A Treatise Concerning Political clerk appointed in 1802 for Montgomery County. The Frey and Enquiry, and the Liberty of the Press. New York: printed by Yates families were descended from some of the earliest settlers George Forman for the author, 1800 in the county, where the town and library of Canajaharie (in Octavo (208 × 127 mm). Contemporary mottled sheep, rebacked preserv- which this copy once resided) are also located. ing part of the the original spine, spine ruled gilt, red morocco spine This is a classic work of American political philosophy, well pre- label. Housed in a custom made black quarter morocco slipcase and served in a contemporary binding with a neat contemporary New chemise. Contemporary ownership signature of Henry F. Yates to front pastedown, head of Chapter V (p. 61), and final page; early inscription of York provenance. the Canajoharie Library Association, with shelfmark, in ink to front free Evans 39150; Sabin 105514; Shipton & Mooney II, 39150. See Saul Cornell, endpaper. Extremities a little worn, hinges strengthened and front free Other Founders: Anti-Federalism and the Dissenting Tradition in America, 1788–1828 endpaper reinserted, contents with a few creases and occasional staining (University of North Carolina Press, 1999); Leonard Levy, Emergence of a and offsetting, otherwise a very good copy. Free Press (Oxford University Press, 1985); Liberty & the American Revolution, Selections from the Collection of Sid Lapidus (Princeton University Press, 2009), first edition of this foundational text of American libertari- p. 26. anism, “the cornerstone of a new theory of freedom of the press” (Cornell, p. 254), “the book that Jefferson did not write but should £13,500 [124169] have” (Levy, p. 283). A New York lawyer, publisher, and orator prominent in Tammany politics, Tunis Wortman (d. 1822) was one of the leading democratic theoreticians of his time. With this classic treatise, his most substantial work, Wortman contributed significantly to the emergence of a libertarian theory of the first

All items are fully described and photographed at peterharrington.co.uk 97 Peter Harrington london where rare books live

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