RESEARCH ARTICLE DNA Barcodes for the Northern European Tachinid Flies (Diptera: Tachinidae) Jaakko L. O. PohjoismaÈki1*, Jere KahanpaÈaÈ 2, Marko Mutanen3 1 University of Eastern Finland, Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, P.O.Box 111, 80101, Joensuu, Finland, 2 University of Helsinki, Finnish Museum of Natural History, Helsinki, Finland, 3 Department of Genetics and Physiology, PO. Box 3000, 90014 University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland *
[email protected] a11111 Abstract This data release provides COI barcodes for 366 species of parasitic flies (Diptera: Tachini- dae), enabling the DNA based identification of the majority of northern European species and a large proportion of Palearctic genera, regardless of the developmental stage. The data will provide a tool for taxonomists and ecologists studying this ecologically important OPEN ACCESS but challenging parasitoid family. A comparison of minimum distances between the nearest Citation: PohjoismaÈki JLO, KahanpaÈaÈ J, Mutanen neighbors revealed the mean divergence of 5.52% that is approximately the same as M (2016) DNA Barcodes for the Northern European observed earlier with comparable sampling in Lepidoptera, but clearly less than in Coleop- Tachinid Flies (Diptera: Tachinidae). PLoS ONE 11 tera. Full barcode-sharing was observed between 13 species pairs or triplets, equaling to (11): e0164933. doi:10.1371/journal. pone.0164933 7.36% of all species. Delimitation based on Barcode Index Number (BIN) system was com- pared with traditional classification of species and interesting cases of possible species Editor: Claude Wicker-Thomas, CNRS, FRANCE oversplits and cryptic diversity are discussed. Overall, DNA barcodes are effective in sepa- Received: May 31, 2016 rating tachinid species and provide novel insight into the taxonomy of several genera.