Botany / Horticulture
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
A Practical Guide for Stoma Problems Developed by the Ostomy Forum
A practical guide for Stoma problems Developed by the Ostomy Forum Dedicated to Stoma Care A practical guide for Stoma and Peristomal skin problems A practical guide for Stoma Developed by: Frances McKenzie, Amanda Smith, Doreen Woolley, Beverley Colton, Bart Tappe and Global Clinical Marketing, Dansac A/S. The practical guide is based on the Observation Index developed by the Ostomy Forum group (a specialized group of ET nurses from Sweden, Norway, The Netherlands, Poland, Japan, UK and Denmark) and is Normal Stoma made to help you manage common stoma and peristomal skin problems you might come across in your nursing practice. Stoma is a Greek word that means opening or mouth. It is a surgically created opening that can be temporary or permanent and allows for the Sharing best practice by use of this educational tool will lead to early excretion of faecal waste (colostomy, ileostomy) or urine (urostomy). detection and appropriate intervention to secure a high standard of stoma care. A stoma is a surgically made opening of the bowel: • The bowel is brought out through the abdominal wall This tool should be used in consultation with your Stoma Care Specialist. • It is matured and sutured subcutaneously • Faeces and urine will pass and be collected in a specially designed Disclaimer: ostomy pouch. We recognize that nurses in other practices will have different ways of treating the identified problems. The scope of this guide is to give first In the following pages you will find examples of different stoma problems step, easy to use, practical advice that is recognized and accepted and concrete suggestions for intervention and management of the stoma. -
Stoma and Peristomal Skin Care: a Clinical Review Early Intervention in Managing Complications Is Key
WOUND WISE 1.5 HOURS CE Continuing Education A series on wound care in collaboration with the World Council of Enterostomal Therapists Stoma and Peristomal Skin Care: A Clinical Review Early intervention in managing complications is key. ABSTRACT: Nursing students who don’t specialize in ostomy care typically gain limited experience in the care of patients with fecal or urinary stomas. This lack of experience often leads to a lack of confidence when nurses care for these patients. Also, stoma care resources are not always readily available to the nurse, and not all hospitals employ nurses who specialize in wound, ostomy, and continence (WOC) nursing. Those that do employ WOC nurses usually don’t schedule them 24 hours a day, seven days a week. The aim of this article is to provide information about stomas and their complications to nurses who are not ostomy specialists. This article covers the appearance of a normal stoma, early postoperative stoma complications, and later complications of the stoma and peristomal skin. Keywords: complications, ostomy, peristomal skin, stoma n 46 years of clinical practice, I’ve encountered article covers essential information about stomas, many nurses who reported having little educa- stoma complications, and peristomal skin problems. Ition and even less clinical experience with pa- It is intended to be a brief overview; it doesn’t provide tients who have fecal or urinary stomas. These exhaustive information on the management of com- nurses have said that when they encounter a pa- plications, nor does it replace the need for consulta- tient who has had an ostomy, they are often un- tion with a qualified wound, ostomy, and continence sure how to care for the stoma and how to assess (WOC) nurse. -
INTERXYLARY PHLOEM (Included Phloem) by Marcelo R
INTERXYLARY PHLOEM (included phloem) By Marcelo R. Pace Interxylary phloem is the presence of phloem strands embedded within the secondary xylem (wood), and produced by the activity of a single cambium (Carlquist 2013). Stems with this cambial variant are also referred to as foraminate, due to the conspicuous interxylary phloem strands in the shape of dots scattered within the wood. (Fig. 1A). However, the presence of interxylary phloem is sometimes less evident and can only be confirmed by microscopy. Fig. 1. Stem cross-section of Strychnos (Loganiaceae). A. S. guianensis, macroscopic view. B. S. millepunctata, microscopic view. Interxylary phloem can have four different ontogenetic origins. The first one is where the cambium produces phloem in both directions (inside and outside), followed by the formation of xylem only towards the inside, and as a result, enclosing the phloem in the wood. Examples of this origin are present in Thunbergia (Acanthaceae; Fig. 2A) and Dicella (Malpighiaceae; Fig 2B). However, in Thunbergia the interxylary phloem is derived from the interfascicular cambium resulting in radial patches that alternate with regions of the xylem that originate from the fascicular cambium (Fig. 2A). A second origin of the interxylary phloem is through the formation of small phloem arcs. These later become embedded in the wood through the production of xylem by the cambium on their flanks. The resulting phloem islands will contain a fragment of cambium at the bottom. This type is present in Strychnos (Loganiaceae; Fig. 1), the African species of Combretum (Combretaceae; Van Vliet, 1979), and in at least one neotropical species of Combretum (Acevedo-Rodríguez, pers. -
Tissues and Other Levels of Organization MODULE - 1 Diversity and Evolution of Life
Tissues and Other Levels of Organization MODULE - 1 Diversity and Evolution of Life 5 Notes TISSUES AND OTHER LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION You have just learnt that cell is the fundamental structural and functional unit of organisms and that bodies of organisms are made up of cells of various shapes and sizes. Groups of similar cells aggregate to collectively perform a particular function. Such groups of cells are termed “tissues”. This lesson deals with the various kinds of tissues of plants and animals. OBJECTIVES After completing this lesson, you will be able to : z define tissues; z classify plant tissues; z name the various kinds of plant tissues; z enunciate the tunica corpus theory and histogen theory; z classify animal tissues; z describe the structure and function of various kinds of epithelial tissues; z describe the structure and function of various kinds of connective tissues; z describe the structure and function of muscular tissue; z describe the structure and function of nervous tissue. 5.1 WHAT IS A TISSUE Organs such as stem, and roots in plants, and stomach, heart and lungs in animals are made up of different kinds of tissues. A tissue is a group of cells with a common origin, structure and function. Their common origin means they are derived from the same layer (details in lesson No. 20) of cells in the embryo. Being of a common origin, there are similar in structure and hence perform the same function. Several types of tissues organise to form an organ. Example : Blood, bone, and cartilage are some examples of animal tissues whereas parenchyma, collenchyma, xylem and phloem are different tissues present in the plants. -
Botany for Gardeners Offers a Clear Explanation of How Plants Grow
BotGar_Cover (5-8-2004) 11/8/04 11:18 AM Page 1 $19.95/ £14.99 GARDENING & HORTICULTURE/Reference Botany for Gardeners offers a clear explanation of how plants grow. • What happens inside a seed after it is planted? Botany for Gardeners Botany • How are plants structured? • How do plants adapt to their environment? • How is water transported from soil to leaves? • Why are minerals, air, and light important for healthy plant growth? • How do plants reproduce? The answers to these and other questions about complex plant processes, written in everyday language, allow gardeners and horticulturists to understand plants “from the plant’s point of view.” A bestseller since its debut in 1990, Botany for Gardeners has now been expanded and updated, and includes an appendix on plant taxonomy and a comprehensive index. Twodozen new photos and illustrations Botany for Gardeners make this new edition even more attractive than its predecessor. REVISED EDITION Brian Capon received a ph.d. in botany Brian Capon from the University of Chicago and was for thirty years professor of botany at California State University, Los Angeles. He is the author of Plant Survival: Adapting to a Hostile Brian World, also published by Timber Press. Author photo by Dan Terwilliger. Capon For details on other Timber Press books or to receive our catalog, please visit our Web site, www.timberpress.com. In the United States and Canada you may also reach us at 1-800-327-5680, and in the United Kingdom at [email protected]. ISBN 0-88192-655-8 ISBN 0-88192-655-8 90000 TIMBER PRESS 0 08819 26558 0 9 780881 926552 UPC EAN 001-033_Botany 11/8/04 11:20 AM Page 1 Botany for Gardeners 001-033_Botany 11/8/04 11:21 AM Page 2 001-033_Botany 11/8/04 11:21 AM Page 3 Botany for Gardeners Revised Edition Written and Illustrated by BRIAN CAPON TIMBER PRESS Portland * Cambridge 001-033_Botany 11/8/04 11:21 AM Page 4 Cover photographs by the author. -
Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1988
- Annals v,is(i- of the Missouri Botanical Garden 1988 # Volume 75 Number 1 Volume 75, Number ' Spring 1988 The Annals, published quarterly, contains papers, primarily in systematic botany, con- tributed from the Missouri Botanical Garden, St. Louis. Papers originating outside the Garden will also be accepted. Authors should write the Editor for information concerning arrangements for publishing in the ANNALS. Instructions to Authors are printed on the inside back cover of the last issue of each volume. Editorial Committee George K. Rogers Marshall R. Crosby Editor, Missouri B Missouri Botanical Garden Editorial is. \I,,S ouri Botanu •al Garde,, John I). Dwyer Missouri Botanical Garden Saint Louis ( niversity Petei • Goldblatt A/I.S.S ouri Botanic al Garder Henl : van der W< ?rff V//.S.S ouri Botanic tor subscription information contact Department IV A\NM.S OK Tin: Missot m Boi >LM« M G\KDE> Eleven, P.O. Box 299, St. Louis, MO 63166. Sub- (ISSN 0026-6493) is published quarterly by the scription price is $75 per volume U.S., $80 Canada Missouri Botanical Garden, 2345 Tower Grove Av- and Mexico, $90 all other countries. Airmail deliv- enue, St. Louis, MO 63110. Second class postage ery charge, $35 per volume. Four issues per vol- paid at St. Louis, MO and additional mailing offices. POSTMAS'IKK: Send ad«lrt— changes to Department i Botanical Garden 1988 REVISED SYNOPSIS Grady L. Webster2 and Michael J. Huft" OF PANAMANIAN EUPHORBIACEAE1 ABSTRACT species induded in \ • >,H The new taxa ai I. i i " I ! I _- i II • hster, Tragia correi //,-," |1 U !. -
Chapter 1 Definitions and Classifications for Fruit and Vegetables
Chapter 1 Definitions and classifications for fruit and vegetables In the broadest sense, the botani- Botanical and culinary cal term vegetable refers to any plant, definitions edible or not, including trees, bushes, vines and vascular plants, and Botanical definitions distinguishes plant material from ani- Broadly, the botanical term fruit refers mal material and from inorganic to the mature ovary of a plant, matter. There are two slightly different including its seeds, covering and botanical definitions for the term any closely connected tissue, without vegetable as it relates to food. any consideration of whether these According to one, a vegetable is a are edible. As related to food, the plant cultivated for its edible part(s); IT botanical term fruit refers to the edible M according to the other, a vegetable is part of a plant that consists of the the edible part(s) of a plant, such as seeds and surrounding tissues. This the stems and stalk (celery), root includes fleshy fruits (such as blue- (carrot), tuber (potato), bulb (onion), berries, cantaloupe, poach, pumpkin, leaves (spinach, lettuce), flower (globe tomato) and dry fruits, where the artichoke), fruit (apple, cucumber, ripened ovary wall becomes papery, pumpkin, strawberries, tomato) or leathery, or woody as with cereal seeds (beans, peas). The latter grains, pulses (mature beans and definition includes fruits as a subset of peas) and nuts. vegetables. Definition of fruit and vegetables applicable in epidemiological studies, Fruit and vegetables Edible plant foods excluding -
Functional Transition in the Floral Receptacle of the Sacred Lotus (Nelumbo Nucifera): from Thermogenesis to Photosynthesis
University of Wollongong Research Online Faculty of Science - Papers (Archive) Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health 2009 Functional transition in the floral receptacle of the sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera): from thermogenesis to photosynthesis R. E. Miller University of Wollongong, [email protected] J. R. Watling University of Adelaide, [email protected] Sharon A. Robinson University of Wollongong, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://ro.uow.edu.au/scipapers Part of the Life Sciences Commons, Physical Sciences and Mathematics Commons, and the Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons Recommended Citation Miller, R. E.; Watling, J. R.; and Robinson, Sharon A.: Functional transition in the floral receptacle of the sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera): from thermogenesis to photosynthesis 2009. https://ro.uow.edu.au/scipapers/160 Research Online is the open access institutional repository for the University of Wollongong. For further information contact the UOW Library: [email protected] Functional transition in the floral receptacle of the sacred lotus (Nelumbo nucifera): from thermogenesis to photosynthesis Abstract The receptacle of the sacred lotus is the main source of heat during the thermogenic stage of floral development. Following anthesis, it enlarges, greens and becomes a fully functional photosynthetic organ. We investigated development of photosynthetic traits during this unusual functional transition. There were two distinct phases of pigment accumulation in receptacles. Lutein and photoprotective -
Auxins for Hardwood Cuttings: Effect of Root-Promoting Hormones
Auxins for Hardwood Cuttings effect of root-promoting hormones in propagating fruit trees by hardwood cuttings studied during past three seasons H. T. Hartmann Hardwood cuttings of five species of fruit trees, Marianna 2624 plum, Angers quince, Stockton Morello cherry, Mal- ling-Merton 793 apple, and Mission olive, were used in propagation tests to study the effects of various root-promot- ing hormones-auxins-applied under several different conditions. Marianna 2624 plum is a commonly used rootstock for a number of the stone fruit species; the 2624 selection is a seedling of the parent Marianna plum, presumably an open-pollinated cross of Prunus cerasifera and P. munsoniana. This rootstock is propagated commer- cially by hardwood cuttings, but in heavy soils considerable difficulty is often experienced in obtaining satisfac- tory rooting. Angers quince4ydonia oblong- has long been used as a dwarfing root- stock for certain of the pear varieties. It is commercially propagated by hard- wood cuttings. Stockton Morello cherry-Prunus cer- asus-is used to a considerable extent in California as a semidwarfing rootstock for the sweet cherry and is propagated commercially by suckers arising around the base of older trees. It would be de- sirable to be able to propagate this stock by cuttings. In all the tests conducted with this variety, however, not one hard- wood cutting was induced to root. Later studies have shown that it can be easily rooted under mist humidification by softwood cuttings taken from actively growing shoots if treated with indolebu- tyric acid. The Malling-Merton 793 apple-Ma- lus sylwstris-is a newly developed clonal apple rootstock from’ England which is usually propagated by some method of layering. -
Secretory Tissues (Gesneriaceae)
Acta Bot. Neerl. 46(4), December 1997, p.413-420 Secretory tissues of the flower of Sanango racemosum (Gesneriaceae). I. Light microscopy Sara Maldonadoi* and Marisa Oteguiif * Institute de Recursos Bioldgicos, INTA 1712, Villa Udaondo, Castelar, Argentina; fFacultad de Ciencias La 1900 La Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de Plata, Plata, Argentina SUMMARY Sanango racemosum (Ruiz & Pav.) Barringer has a dry stigma without a free-flowing secretion fluid but with a hydrated proteinaceous pellicle. The stigmatic surface is covered with unicellular, bottle-shaped papillae. At maturity, a viscous emulsion is accumulated between the cuticle and the pecto-cellulosic wall of the papillae, causing it to become detached from the surface of the papilla cell walls. The style has a central solid core of transmitting tissue. The cells of the transmitting tissue are rich in starch and exhibit thick lateral walls rich in pectic substance. The nectary disk is a ring elongated into a cup, with five lobes at the top. One of the most conspicuous histological features of the disk is the abundance of starch in the secretory cells. The disk is supplied only by phloem; the stomata are found in the top of the lobes. A fluid substance is produced just before anthesis and secreted through the stomata with no visible decline in starch level. During anthesis and after fertilization, a rapid decline in starch is observed. The hypothesis that the disk has other functions besides that of a nectary is discussed. Key-words: disk, nectary, osmophore, Sanango, stigma, transmitting tissue. INTRODUCTION The monotypic genus Sanango G. S. Bunting and J. -
Phylogeny of Malpighiaceae: Evidence from Chloroplast NDHF and TRNL-F Nucleotide Sequences
Phylogeny of Malpighiaceae: Evidence from Chloroplast NDHF and TRNL-F Nucleotide Sequences The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Davis, Charles C., William R. Anderson, and Michael J. Donoghue. 2001. Phylogeny of Malpighiaceae: Evidence from chloroplast NDHF and TRNL-F nucleotide sequences. American Journal of Botany 88(10): 1830-1846. Published Version http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3558360 Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:2674790 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA American Journal of Botany 88(10): 1830±1846. 2001. PHYLOGENY OF MALPIGHIACEAE: EVIDENCE FROM CHLOROPLAST NDHF AND TRNL-F NUCLEOTIDE SEQUENCES1 CHARLES C. DAVIS,2,5 WILLIAM R. ANDERSON,3 AND MICHAEL J. DONOGHUE4 2Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University Herbaria, 22 Divinity Avenue, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138 USA; 3University of Michigan Herbarium, North University Building, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1057 USA; and 4Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Yale University, P.O. Box 208106, New Haven, Connecticut 06520 USA The Malpighiaceae are a family of ;1250 species of predominantly New World tropical ¯owering plants. Infrafamilial classi®cation has long been based on fruit characters. Phylogenetic analyses of chloroplast DNA nucleotide sequences were analyzed to help resolve the phylogeny of Malpighiaceae. A total of 79 species, representing 58 of the 65 currently recognized genera, were studied. -
Tree Anatomy Stems and Branches
Tree Anatomy Series WSFNR14-13 Nov. 2014 COMPONENTSCOMPONENTS OFOF PERIDERMPERIDERM by Dr. Kim D. Coder, Professor of Tree Biology & Health Care Warnell School of Forestry & Natural Resources, University of Georgia Around tree roots, stems and branches is a complex tissue. This exterior tissue is the environmental face of a tree open to all sorts of site vulgarities. This most exterior of tissue provides trees with a measure of protection from a dry, oxidative, heat and cold extreme, sunlight drenched, injury ridden site. The exterior of a tree is both an ecological super highway and battle ground – comfort and terror. This exterior is unique in its attributes, development, and regeneration. Generically, this tissue surrounding a tree stem, branch and root is loosely called bark. The tissues of a tree, outside or more exterior to the xylem-containing core, are varied and complexly interwoven in a relatively small space. People tend to see and appreciate the volume and physical structure of tree wood and dismiss the remainder of stem, branch and root. In reality, tree life is focused within these more exterior thin tissue sets. Outside of the cambium are tissues which include transport cells, structural support cells, generation cells, and cells positioned to help, protect, and sustain other cells. All of this life is smeared over the circumference of a predominately dead physical structure. Outer Skin Periderm (jargon and antiquated term = bark) is the most external of tree tissues providing protection, water conservation, insulation, and environmental sensing. Periderm is a protective tissue generated over and beyond live conducting and non-conducting cells of the food transport system (phloem).