Work 41 (2012) 4102-4110 4102 DOI: 10.3233/WOR-2012-0704-4102 IOS Press

The ergonomic and legal aspects of the heritage of the state of -

Terezinha de Jesus Pereira da Silvaa and Augusto Eugenio Paashaus Netob aDepartment of Architecture and Urbanism, Federal University of Pernambuco, Campus da UFPE ,s/n– – PE – Brazil. ZIP Code: 50670-901 E-mail: [email protected] bLegal Department, Fundarpe - Foundation of Historical and Artistic Heritage of Pernambuco. Rua da Aurora, 463/469, Boa Vista, Recife - PE - Brasil. ZIP Code: 50.050-000. E-mail: [email protected]

Abstract This paper aims to demonstrate the situation of the buildings declared a historical landmark by the government spheres in the state of Pernambuco, and how they attend the norms of accessibility for those with special needs. The methodology of the research contemplated a sample of 46 heritage buildings, approximately 16% of the universe of properties, which are around 268. In turn, these were limited to Recife’s Metropolitan Region Area - RMR comprising 30% of the 153 properties of the municipalities of: , Igarassu, Itamaracá, , Jaboatão dos Guararapes, Moreno, , , Recife and São Lourenço da Mata. From the specific forms set up based on the theoretical reference, as well as graphics and photographic records were assessed the aspects of both internal and external accessibility, displacement, (visual) orientation, and the use of space and equipment. In the analysis of different types was assembled a summary table ranking the samples in accessible, partially accessible and not accessible. As general results were found that from the 46 properties examined, 2 (5%) are accessible, 16 (35%) are partially accessible and 28(60%) are not accessible. Such data, although sample, shows that the majority of heritage properties does not provide access to people physically disabled or with reduced mobility signaling for professionals, managers and society institutions on the need to reduce physical barriers in such heritage.

Keywords: accessibility, ergonomics, Fundarpe, heritage, Pernambuco.

1. Introduction

The concept of ergonomics that emerged in the them and make them with comprehensive and period after World War II was more focused on consistent use to all. studies of adapting work to man [6]. With the The creation of laws aimed for accessibility deepening of studies between humans and their represent an advance, but even with them existing, is working environments, in order to make it more safe, no guarantee that the adaptation time for compliance healthy and productive the approaches of ergonomics is being followed. Among the areas that have yet not have embroidery both relations-oriented services, the fully complied with the laws of accessibility we have use of various equipment and the use for day to day to preserve the historical and artistic heritage of the lives [6]. State of Pernambuco - Brazil either at the federal, Among the new fields of application of state or municipal levels. ergonomics in building and public spaces, accessibility started to be has to be focused by the 1.1 The Laws of accessibility Federal Constitution of Brazil/ 1988 [1] as in common standards like the group of urban instrument Looking at the timeline of the laws on formed by the Master Plans, Municipal Laws of Land accessibility in Brazil, we find that they have evolved Use, Codes of Construction Works and Postures and from a specific focus for people with disabilities or Transport Plans [2]. These instruments aim to reduced mobility to take part in various spheres of improve the quality of the spaces of people who use research and planning.

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The record of access to public buildings and verification of accessible restrooms and types of floor spaces to people with special needs was part of the (non-skid, anti-hectic, directional and of warning). Constitutional Amendment No 12 from 17th October From the compliance of the points of the 1978 [3] of the revoked Constitution of 1967. In Normative Instruction N. 1 and the guidelines of the turn, the Law No 7405 of November 12th, 1985, Ministry of Tourism that synthesize the various laws established the placement of the international symbol of accessibility were defined three classifications for of Access [2]. the heritages: accessible (that meets all the The 1988 Constitution called for in Article 5, requirements for accessibility), Partially Accessible section XV, the guarantee to come and go at anyone. (when you have parts or sections that allow In turn, Article 227 of the Constitution of 88, accessibility) and is not accessible (it has several paragraph 2 stated that "The law shall regulate barriers). construction standards for streets and public buildings .... to ensure appropriate access to persons with disabilities" [ 1]. Also related to the subject the 2. Methodology for assessment of listed items in Article 244 provides for the adaptation of streets of the State of Pernambuco public buildings and other determinations [1]. The Constitution of the State of Pernambuco, 1989, also According to a survey of FUNDARPE - provides on Chapter III, about Urban Policy in Foundation of Historical and Artistic Heritage of Article 144, § 2 item f defined the "adequate access Pernambuco [4] the 277 heritages of the state, in of people with disabilities to public buildings, streets federal and state level, have spread out across the and public transportation"[9]. to the hinterland and with a higher The Law No 10048 of November 8th, 2000, concentration in the Recife’s Metropolitan Region established a priority service for people over 60 years area- RMR. and those with special needs, and the accessibility on The aspects of accessibility assessments were the streets and public spaces’ restrooms [2]. made only for the sample of 46 heritages from the Law No 10098 of December 19th 2000, RMR checking how the access displacements occurs, emphasized the removal of barriers and obstacles on the guidelines (visual) and the use of the spaces and roads, public spaces, buildings, transportation and equipments [5], comparing with the attendance of the communication [2]. On the other hand, the Decree laws. No. 5296 of December 2nd, 2004 regulates the Federal Laws n 10.048/2000 and 10.098/2000, still in 2.1. Situation of the universe of study line with the precepts of ABNT NBR 9050:2004, set deadlines for implementation of the norms, ranging The study area is located in Pernambuco State, in from immediately to 48 months (2008) after Recife’s Metropolitan Region, in the northeast region publication. of Brazil / (see Images 1, 2 and 3). Special emphasis should be given to the Samples aims to address the majority of th Normative Instruction N. 1, of November 25 , 2003, municipalities (see Table 1). These were selected to from IPHAN-Institute for National Artistic and cover the following types: mill, school, railway Historical Heritage which set guidelines for station, college, fort, gym, hospital, church, market, accessibility in the cultural property buildings taken museum, palace, bridge, square, headquarters, care by the federal level stimulating solutions aimed residence, theater, Afican roots religion temples and for an universal design, beyond the concern of the towns. non mischaracterization of the property [ 7]. As main points of the Normative N. 1 adopted for the analysis of the heritage we have: a) check the type of barrier (stairs, step, ramp outside the norm), b) the existence of rail, c) support equipment (platform lift, phone, etc..) d) signs (visual, tactile and sound), e) route autonomously. Some guidelines from the Ministry of Tourism [10] were also used as analysis variables such as:

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Table 1 Samples of the Properties in Recife’s Metropolitan Region Cities Heritages Samples 1 Araçoiaba - - 2 Abreu e Lima - - 3 Cabo de Santo Agostinho 7 3 4 2 - 5 Igarassu 8 6 Image 1 6 Ipojuca 2 1 7 Itamaracá 5 2 Brazil's situation in 8Itapissuma - - 9 Jaboatão dos Guararapes 7 2 10 Moreno 2 - 11 Olinda 17 6 12 Paulista 8 2 13 Recife 89 22 14 São Lourenço da Mata 2 2 Distrito de 4 - Total 153 46

Image 2 Each selected heritage, in most cities was analyzed Location of Pernambuco, Brazil in loco, using the form. The main issues raised were: name, location, level of heritage, number of blocks

and floors, use, number of lifts / ramps / stairs and variables to check the aspects of accessibility (outside access sidewalks, type of floor, curb and lowered ramps, tactile warning signals and interference, widths of doors and passageways, accessible restrooms, signage, parking and other facilities available) according to specified theoretical framework, and graphic records (sketches) and photographic.

3. Accessibility studies in heritages

The application of the forms in the selected municipalities was summarized in tables that highlighted the identity of the property, the type and classifications: accessible, partially accessible and not accessible. The city of Cabo de Santo Agostinho was Image 3. summarized by Table 2 and images 4 to 8. Situation in Recife’s Metropolitan Region - PE The samples of the heritages of Igarassu are presented in Table 3 and Imagess 9 to 13. The amount of heritages recorded in Table 1 is Ipojuca has its heritage represented on Table 4. over the represented, because the terms smallholding, The city of Itamaracá is exemplified on Table 5 architectural and landscape emsembles, town, village and Image 14. and park in most cases include many properties. For The heritages from Jaboatão dos Guararapes are the purpose of the survey were selected within the listed on Table 6 and Image 15. groups just a few elements considered most For the city of Olinda the sample is represented on representative. Table 7 and Images 16 and 17. The sample for the city of Paulista is synthesized on Table 8 and Images 18 and 19. 4105 T. de Jesus Pereira da Silva and A.E.P. Neto / The Ergonomic and Legal Aspects

Table 2 Cabo de Santo Agostinho

Name of the Type heritage Not Partially accessible accessible Accessible

1 Massangana’s Mill House of the X mill Images 4 and 5 Chapel X Administration X 2Church of Nossa Church X Senhora de Nazaré Ruins of the X Image 6 Images 6 and 7 Convent Steps of the Church of Nossa Senhora de Nazaré 3 Vila Operária de Town X Pontezinha

Image 7 Steps in the ruins of the Convent

Image 4 Ramp of the Casa Grande in Massangana's

Image 8 Steps in the ruins of the Convent The city of Recife is represented by a sample of its Image 5 Steps of the Chapel of the Massangana’s Mill heritages listed in Table 9 and Images 20 and 21.

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Table 3 Igarassu Name of the Type heritage Not Partially accessible accessible Accessible

1 Sobrado do Residence X Imperador (Patrimony House) - Image 9 2 Santo Antônio’s Church and X Convent- Image10 Convent Image 10 Steps to access the church and convent 3 Recolhimento do Church and X Sagrado Coração de Convent Jesus and Nossa Sra. da Conceição Church Image11 4 Museum of Museum X Igarassu Image 11 5 Cosme e Damião Church X Church Image 12 6 Department of Residence X Culture and Sports Image 13 Image 11 Steps to access the museum

Image 12 Steps to access the church Cosme e Damião

Image 9. Ramp of access to the ground floor of the Sobrado do Imperador

Image 13 Image10. Steps to access the church and convent Access steps to the Secretariat of Culture

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Table 4 Ipojuca Name of the Type heritage Not Partially accessible accessible Accessible

1 Convent and Church and X Church of Santo convent Cristo

Table 5 Itamaracá Name of the Type heritage Image 15 Steps to access the church of Nossa Senhora da Piedade

Not Partially accessible accessible Accessible Table 7 Olinda 1 Fortaleza de Santa Fort X Cruz or Forte Name of the Type Orange heritage 2 Church of Nossa Church X Not

Senhora da Partially accessible accessible Conceição – Vila Accessible Velha 1 Seminário de Seminary and X Olinda and Nossa Church Senhora da Graça’s Church 2 Palácio do Bispo Museum X de Olinda and Museu de Arte Sacra -MASPE 3 Museu de Arte Museum X Contemporânea MAC 4 Igreja Abacial do Church X Mosteiro de São Bento 5 Forte de São Fort X Francisco or do Queijo - Fortim 6 Rua Amparo ,28 Residence X Image 14 Steps to access the church of Nossa Senhora da Conceição

Table 6 Jaboatão dos Guararapes Name of the Type heritage Not Partially accessible accessible Accessible

1 Church of N. Sra Church X dos Prazeres Image 16 2 Church of Piedade Church X Steps to access the church of Nossa Senhora da Graça 4108 T. de Jesus Pereira da Silva and A.E.P. Neto / The Ergonomic and Legal Aspects

Table 9 Recife Name of the Type heritage Not Partially accessible accessible Accessible

1 Estação Ponte Tram Station X D’Uchoa 2 Academia Residence / X Pernambucana de Academy Image 17 Letras – Solar do Steps to access MASPE Barão Rodrigues Mendes Table 8 3 Mercado de São Market X Paulista José Name of the Type 4 Igreja de São Church X heritage Pedro dos Clérigos 5 Pátio de São Pedro Courtyard X Not 6 Museu da Cidade Fort / Museum X Partially accessible accessible Accessible do Recife 7 Igreja e Praça de Church and X Casa e Jardim do Residence and X Boa Viagem Square Coronel garden 8 Ginásio School X Fortaleza de Pau Fort X Pernambucano Amarelo 9 Cinema São Luiz Movies X 10 Ponte da Boa Bridge X Vista 11 Faculdade de College X Direito 12 Teatro Santa Theater X Isabel 13 Antiga Detenção Prison / Craft X Casa da Cultura Centre 14 Terreiro Obá Temple of X Ogunte African Religion 15 Torre Malakoff Observatory X Image 18 16 Igreja Madre de Church X Access steps to the house of Coronel Deus 17 Quartel do Derby Quarter X 18 Antiga Escola de X Medicina – Memorial de Medicina de Pernambuco 19 Hospital Pedro II Hospital X 20 Estação Central Railway Station X do Recife Cultural Center Image 19 Steps to access Fort of Pau Amarelo 21 Casa de Oliveira Residence - X Lima – Conselho de Child Protection Cultura Council The city of São Lourenço da Mata was represented 22 Palácio da Justiça Palace X by the sample of heritage listed on Table 10. TJPE

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4. Results and final remarks

As general results were found that from the 46 heritages examined 2, approximately (5%), are accessible, 16 (35%) partially accessible and 28 (60%) not accessible. Such data, although sample, confirmed that the majority of heritages do not provide access to a person physically disabled or with reduced mobility, signaling for professionals, institutions, managers and users about the need to reduce physical barriers in such places. Even with the evolution of standards and legislations at various levels, in addition to the activities of prosecutors, there are still missing actions such as: dissemination of accessible routes, wider dissemination of the basic parameters of accessibility, inclusion of projects for people with Image 20 Directional tread design from Central Station in Recife special needs in the multi-annual plans of Iphan and Fundarpe, mitigation measures (virtual tours, videos, photo albums, etc..) while provide definitive solutions and preparation of manuals focusing on alternative solutions to the heritages. The urgency of measures to ensure accessibility to public and private properties are increasingly needed as the Brazilian population is aging and is depriving themselves of knowing and access their cultural riches.

References

[1] Brasil, Constituição do. Assembléia Nacional Constituinte. Constituição do Brasil 1988. Recife, CEPE.(1989). [2] Brasil, Secretaria Nacional de Transporte e da Mobilidade Image 21 Urbana. Ministério das Cidades. Brasil Acessível. Programa Ramp of the Hospital Pedro II Brasileiro de Mobilidade Urbana. (2006). [3] Costa,Gabriela R.V. MAIOR, Izabel M.M. de L. e LIMA, Table 10 Niusarete M. de . Acessibilidade no Brasil: uma visão São Lourenço da Mata histórica.III Seminário e II Oficina “ Acessibilidade, TI e Inclusão digital” .São Paulo, 5 a 6 de 9/2005. Name of the Type bauru.apaebrasil.org.br/arquivo.phtml ?a=9446 -.Acessado heritage em 4 /4/2011. [4] FUNDAREPE, Fundação do Patrimônio Histórico e Artístico

Not de Pernambuco. Patrimônios de Pernambuco: Materiais e Partially accessible accessible Accessible Imateriais.Recife: Fundarpe,(2009). [5] Gerente, Melissa M. , ELY, Vera Helena Moro Bins. 1 Igreja Matriz de Church X Diretrizes de projeto para acessibilidade em sítios Nossa Senhora da históricos:porque o patrimônio brasileiro é de todos e para Luz todos.ABERGO 2006, Curitiba, PR.29 out./2 nov.Anais do 14º Congresso Brasileiro de Ergonomia. 2 Estação Railway Station X [6] Iida, Itiro. Ergonomia Projeto e Produção.São Paulo, Editora Ferroviária Tiúma Edgard Blücher Ltda. (2002). [7] Instrução Normativa No 1(2010)http://www.cultura. gov.br/site/2011/04/26instrucao-normativa-n-1-2010-indice/ [8] Paiva, Carlos Magno de Souza. MIRANDA, Marcos Paulo de Souza. Direito do Patrimônio Cultural. :UFPO,( 2011). [9] Pernambuco, Constituição do Estado de.Constituição do Estado de Pernambuco 1989.Recife, CEPE, 1989. 4110 T. de Jesus Pereira da Silva and A.E.P. Neto / The Ergonomic and Legal Aspects

[10] TURISMO acessível:Mapeamento e planejamento. Acessibilidade em destinos turísticos.Volume II- Brasília: Ministério do Turismo, (2009),52p. www.turismo.gov. br – Acesso em 4/7/2011.