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Anarchy and Anti-Intellectualism: Reason, Foundationalism, and the Anarchist Tradition Joaquin A Florida International University FIU Digital Commons FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations University Graduate School 6-23-2016 Anarchy and Anti-Intellectualism: Reason, Foundationalism, and the Anarchist Tradition Joaquin A. Pedroso [email protected] DOI: 10.25148/etd.FIDC000744 Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd Part of the Philosophy Commons, and the Political Theory Commons Recommended Citation Pedroso, Joaquin A., "Anarchy and Anti-Intellectualism: Reason, Foundationalism, and the Anarchist Tradition" (2016). FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations. 2578. https://digitalcommons.fiu.edu/etd/2578 This work is brought to you for free and open access by the University Graduate School at FIU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in FIU Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of FIU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FLORIDA INTERNATIONAL UNIVERSITY Miami, Florida ANARCHY AND ANTI-INTELLECTUALISM: REASON, FOUNDATIONALISM, AND THE ANARCHIST TRADITION A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in POLITICAL SCIENCE by Joaquin A. Pedroso 2016 To: Dean John F. Stack, Jr. Steven J. Green School of International and Public Affairs This dissertation, written by Joaquin A. Pedroso, and entitled Anarchy and Anti- Intellectualism: Reason, Foundationalism, and the Anarchist Tradition, having been approved in respect to style and intellectual content, is referred to you for judgment. We have read this dissertation and recommend that it be approved. _______________________________________ Paul Warren _______________________________________ Bruce Hauptli _______________________________________ Ronald Cox _______________________________________ Harry Gould _______________________________________ Clement Fatovic, Major Professor Date of Defense: June 23, 2016 The dissertation of Joaquin A. Pedroso is approved. _______________________________________ Dean John F. Stack, Jr. Steven J. Green School of International and Public Affairs _______________________________________ Andrés G. Gil Vice President for Research and Economic Development and Dean of the University Graduate School Florida International University, 2016 ii DEDICATION To my mother and father. iii ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This dissertation would have been impossible were it not for the generous assistance of many people. I would first like to acknowledge the hard work of my dissertation committee. I would like to thank the head of my dissertation committee, Professor Clement Fatovic, for his patient and steadfast guidance throughout this project. He has served as an example of both scholarly and pedagogical integrity. I would also like to thank Professor Harry Gould for his pragmatic advice on academic matters. I think I have absorbed and internalized his grounded humility and anti-foundationalist approach to teaching and scholarship. I would like to thank Professor Ronald Cox for his unwavering support of not only this project but also his support of and concern for the graduate student body. His solidarity with students is an inspiration for my own work. I would also like to thank Professor Bruce Hauptli for his dedication to this project and for his detailed, insightful, and constructive feedback. I am especially grateful for his eagerness to tackle the philosophical content of the project and his enthusiastic encouragement throughout the whole process. Moreover, if it were not for the direct and constructive criticism of Professor Paul Warren this dissertation would have never taken the shape it has. His disagreements with the scope of the project helped me sharpen my aims and better understand exactly what I was up to. This dissertation would not have been possible were it not for the generous funding of the Department of Politics and International Relations at Florida International University. I would also like to thank the English Department at Florida International University for the opportunity to participate in the Interdisciplinary Writing Teaching iv Assistantship program that not only facilitated two extra years of funding but also afforded me an opportunity to engage with interesting pedagogical material I would have otherwise not tackled. The faculty in the Department of Politics and International Relations has been central to providing a stimulating atmosphere and an intellectual space for conceiving of this project. I would like to especially thank Professor Rebecca Salokar for striving to maintain a warm and welcoming environment that is mirrored in the graduate student body. She is an inspiration in more ways than one. I would also like to thank Professor Tatiana Kostadinova for her help in tying loose administrative ends and helping me finalize this project. I would also like to thank the wonderful staff at the Department of Politics and International Relations who consistently and enthusiastically help me with administrative matters that can rack the brain to the point of exhaustion. They have been invaluable throughout my graduate education. It was a genuine pleasure to share many informal conversations, espresso coffees, and occasionally office space with them. I have benefitted from informal talks with many professors and colleagues including Professor Judith Stiehm, Professor Dario Moreno, Professor George Kovacs, Professor Ingvild Torsen, Professor Francois Debrix, Professor Sean Walsh, Bryant Sculos, Nicolas Terradas, Yonas Mulat, Fiacre Bienvenu, Mirsad Krijestorac, Nima Baghdadi, Sylvan Lee, Ana Podcameni, Randford Edwards Jr., Thomas J. Liguori, and many others. I would like to especially thank Professor Juan Carlos Espinosa for his guidance and special insight into our shared cultural heritage and how it relates to navigating academia. Though many of these discussions were often only tangential to the content of this dissertation they nevertheless helped shape its contours. v I would also like to thank friends outside of the department with whom I engaged and tested the material in this dissertation and who helped tame my many moments of frustration and occasionally pushed me to overcome my emotional funks during the writing process, even if unwittingly. Juan Cuba, Jenny Blando, Laura Ortega Palma, and Eduardo Palma deserve special recognition for regularly being my intellectual punching bags and for being eager to hit back. I know I have grown, professionally, intellectually, and personally, with their help and I am thankful for their sincere friendship. Relating basic concepts of anarchy to issues of social justice over many coffee breaks involving stimulating hours-long conversations with Professor Maria Willumsen is something I am especially thankful for. Her vitality and dedication to what matters continues to animate my work. I would also like to thank the graduate student body as a whole for providing a collegial and welcoming atmosphere as well as thank my students who passionately engage with me and indulge me in what I love. In particular, I would like to thank Rachel Stevens, whose senior thesis I supervised, whose own struggles with writing and tackling a difficult, often nebulous, subject matter taught me the importance of considering ourselves perpetual beginners. She is proof that we often learn plenty from those who do not think themselves in a position to teach. They all, in one way or another, helped me solidify my views, sharpen my arguments, or simply garner inspiration and encouraged me to tackle unpopular topics in academia. Any faults are, of course, solely the responsibility of the author. Lastly, without the unconditional love and unfailing support of my family this project would never have been completed. vi ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION ANARCHY AND ANTI-INTELLECTUALISM: REASON, FOUNDATIONALISM, AND THE ANARCHIST TRADITION by Joaquin A. Pedroso Florida International University, 2016 Miami, Florida Professor Clement Fatovic, Major Professor Some contemporary anarchist scholarship has rejected the Enlightenment-inspired reliance on reason that was supposedly central to classical anarchist thought and expanded the anarchist critique to address issues ignored by their classical predecessors. In making reason the object of critique, some contemporary anarchists expanded the anarchist framework to include critiques of domination residing outside the traditional power centers of the state, the capitalist firm, and the church thereby shedding light on the authoritarian tendencies inherent in the intellect itself. Though contemporary anarchist scholarship has sought to apply this anti- authoritarian ethos to the realms of epistemology and ontology (by employing Michel Foucault’s analysis of power and other postfoundational thinkers), their own framework of analysis is glaringly susceptible to what Habermas called a “performative contradiction.” In questioning the authority of aspects of even our own intellect (and the epistemological and ontological presuppositions that accompany it) we call into question even the authority of our own argumentation. vii I answer this “contradiction” by interrogating two intellectual traditions. Firstly, I question a key postfoundational anarchist premise. Namely, I assess whether an understanding of classical anarchist thinkers as quintessential children of the Enlightenment is justified. Secondly, I offer an alternative path to reconciliation between the anti-authoritarian values of the anarchists and the anti-metaphysical values of
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