Volume MMXV No. 1 January—February 2015

A new exhibit set to open on January 20, 2015 in the upstairs Upcoming gallery at Pennypacker Mills highlights the extraordinary life Events & Programs of Galusha Pennypacker. Galusha was a second cousin to Samuel W. Pennypacker. They shared the same great- Exhibit Opening grandparents Matthias and Mary Custer Pannebecker. Samu- The Making of a Hero: el wrote in his autobiography, When I was a child about seven The Life of General years of age, my father one day took me to a house on Nutt’s Galusha Pennypacker Road on the north side about a half mile from Phoenixville and Tues., Jan. 20th thru Mar. 1st within a short distance of the Corner Stores. In the house was a modest, diffident boy, perhaps a little larger than myself. My Gallery Talk father said to me: “Sam, this is your cousin, Galusha Penny- The Making of a Hero: packer,” and we played together in the yard. The Life of Major General Galusha Pennypacker Galusha was the son of Joseph J. and Tamson Workizer Pen- Sun., Jan. 25th 1 to 2 pm nypacker. There have always been discrepancies of his FREE, suggested donation $2 per person birthdate. Galusha wrote to Samuel on October 6, 1871, I was born at Valley Forge- passed but a few years of my life with my Valentine’s Workshop for Kids Grandfather, near Phoenixville. Was born on the farm owned Sat., Feb. 7th 10 am to 12 pm by my mother at V.F., June 1st 1841. Since in , until Fee: $5 per child my mother's decease. Only child she had. {Some of my people Registration on page 9 say I was born in 1842 a year later). In 1838, Tamson inherited Girl Scouts—Register Now! the farm owned by her father which was the house used by “Don’t Lets Forget the Girls….” Baron von Steuben during the Valley Forge encampment. A Visit with Juliette Gordon Low She was described as a very beautiful, intelligent, educated Sat., Mar. 14th 10 am to 11 am woman. She married Joseph Pennypacker on May 7, 1839. Fee: $7.50 per person Galusha’s mother named him for the Baptist missionary, Elon Registration on page 7 Continued on Page 2

Visit us on the web at http://www.montcopa.org/pennypackermills Continued from Page 1 held in the Old Friends Meeting House. He went to Galusha. Joseph moved the family to Philadelphia work for the Chester County Times newspaper in where he operated a merchandise store. Tamson West Chester in 1859. In 1860, he wrote to Dr. Isaac I. died on January 8, 1846 from smallpox. Shortly after Hayes of Philadelphia about joining his arctic expedi- her funeral, Joseph closed the store and left Galusha tion which mapped Ellesmere Island. It appears Ga- to live with his grandparents Joseph and Elizabeth lusha was looking for an adventure. Funk Pennypacker and Joseph left for . The When President Abraham Lincoln issued his first call war with Mexico broke out in May of 1846, and Jo- th seph served as an Aide-de-Camp on the staff of Gen- for troops, Galusha joined the 9 PA, a ninety-day eral William J. Worth. Galusha’s grandfather was regiment, on April 22, 1861. He was elected a lieuten- against the war with Mexico and unhappy that his ant, but felt he was too young to serve in that capaci- son was a part of it. After the war, Galusha’s father ty, and served as the unit’s quartermaster sergeant instead. At the expiration of the 9th PA, Pennypacker went to San Francisco and operated a newspaper. th recruited a company for the 97 PA and was commis- Galusha’s grandfather died in 1852, and his grand- sioned captain for Company A. On October 7, 1861, he was promoted to major. The Regiment left West mother at age 73, along with his Aunt Elizabeth, th raised him. When Elizabeth married in 1856, Galusha Chester for Washington on November 16 . From Washington, the 97th PA was sent to Fortress Mon- and his grandmother went to live with her eldest son th Elijah Funk Pennypacker. Elijah was a member of the roe, five days later. On December 8 , 1861 legislature from 1831 to 1835 and mem- they were ordered to Port Royal, South Carolina. ber of the Canal Board. He supported Thaddeus Ste- th vens with the highly controversial Free Public School The 97 PA took part on the siege on Fort Pulaski Act of 1834. Elijah served as the surveyor for Phoe- outside Savannah, , on February 7, 1862. Fort nixville and as the president of the Iron Bank of Phoe- Pulaski was built with five foot thick brick walls and nixville. Elijah’s Whitehorse Farm served as a station described as strong as the Rocky Mountains. This was on the Underground Railroad. Elijah’s nine children a combined naval and army assault to take the fort were all younger than Galusha. that guarded Savannah harbor, thus strengthening the Union blockade. The Union Navy landed new 30 Samuel described Elijah in his autobiography, A mile pound rifled Parrot cannons near the fort. The fort away, at the Corner Stores, Elijah F. Pennypacker, a surrendered after one day’s bombardment.

Quaker, six feet four inches in height and straight as an th arrow, at one time president of the Pennsylvania Aboli- The 97 PA took part in the occupation of Fort Clinch, tion Society, had a station on the Underground Rail- Jacksonville, Florida and Fernandina, Florida. On June road and when, as occasionally happened, an unknown 10, 1862 they participated in the Battle of Grimball’s negro was met wending his way northward, he was Station, South Carolina and on June 16, 1862, the Bat- bidden “Godspeed.” tle of Secessionville, James’ Island, South Carolina.

Elijah wrote to William Still, the Chairman of the Vigi- Fort Wagner on Morris Island covered the southern lance Committee of the Pennsylvania Abolitionist So- approach to Charleston Harbor, South Carolina. The ciety, on November 7, 1857, Respected Friend- There first attack on July 11, 1863 had Union losses at 339 to are three colored friends at my house now, who will 12 for the Confederates. A second attack on July 18, is well known for the charge made by the 54th Massa- reach the city by the Phil. & Reading train this evening. th Please meet them. Thine, &c., E.F. Pennypacker We chusetts, a black regiment. The 97 PA served in re- have within the past 2 mos. Passed 43 through our serve for this failed attack and were ordered to re- hands, transported most of them to Norristown in our move the wounded from the field while taking fire own conveyance. E.F.P. from the fort. Isaiah Price in his History of the Ninety- Seventh Regiment, Pennsylvania Volunteer Infantry, Galusha was educated in the private schools of Phoe- during the War of the Rebellion, 1861-65 wrote, Dur- nixville and Schuylkill Township including the one ing the night, the enemy threw shot and shell continu- Gallery Talk ally over the ground where the men were seeking for the wounded, but no casualties occurred. The The Making of a Hero: firing, however, so seriously frightened the ambu- The Life of Maj. Gen. lance drivers as to cause them to start off their Galusha Pennypacker teams at a run as soon as their load of wounded soldiers was ready, regardless of the piercing cries Sunday, January 25th of the poor sufferers. This was summarily and effec- 1 pm to 2 pm tually stopped by sending an armed guard with To commemorate the 150th Anniversary each wagon, with orders to shoot the driver if he of the Battle of Fort Fisher, come hear drove out of a walk. The Confederates abandoned an in-depth talk on the current exhibit of the life of Maj. Gen. the Fort on September 6th. Galusha Pennypacker.

th The Galleries are located on the 2nd floor of the Pennypacker On October 2, 1863, the 97 PA was sent again to mansion. FREE, suggested donation $2 per person. Fernandina, Florida. Fernandina served as the rail- head for the longest railroad in that state. In Feb- ruary of 1864, they took part in the expedition Pennypacker returned to the regiment on August 12, with the Navy schooner “Para” against Wood- 1864 and was appointed Lt. on August 13th and stock Mills and captured a million and a half feet promoted to Colonel on August 15th in command of the of lumber, accomplishing their objective of cut- entire regiment. In September, he commanded the bri- ting off supplies coming from Florida. gade. Galusha stated to his Uncle Uriah that his duties have been quadriplicated. The 97th PA took part of the On April 23, 1864, the 97th PA was sent to Fortress siege on Petersburg, Virginia. On September 28, 1864, Monroe to join the tenth corps and engaged in at Fort Gilmer, Pennypacker’s horse was shot from un- the Battle of Green Plains on May 20, 1864. The derneath him, with him taking a wound to the ankle. advance line was broken, therefore leaving a gap which the Confederates quickly filled. Pennypack- Fort Fisher, located er was in reserve with 300 men of the 97th and on the peninsula of was ordered to advance in order to recapture the the Atlantic Ocean line. After recapturing the line, Pennypacker was and Cape Fear River, ordered to charge the right of the rebel lines be- guarded the ap- ing told the center was already taken. Colonel proach to Wilming- Guss wrote, The major was in command and gal- ton, North Carolina, lantly led the van. I saw every move they made. His the last Confederate word to them was, ‘Now boys, we charge and I will seaport. On January go first,’ and away they went with cheers. Within Above: Three traverses at Fort Fish- 15, 1865, a com- one hundred yards, the rebels opened with a mur- er, Cape Fear, North Carolina. Cred- bined naval and derous fire. The entire Union line was outnum- it: Library of Congress. land assault took bered 10 to 1. Pennypacker was wounded severe- place. Fort Fisher ly in the right arm, got back up, wounded in the was an earthen fort with 16 traverses before reaching left leg, got back up and was wounded a third the inner part of the Fort. Major General Adelbert time in the right side and was forced to retire. Ames’ Division was to take the fort. His first brigade This charge got compared to the Charge of the commanded by Brigadier General Newton M. Light Brigade at the Battle of Balaklava during the Curtis entered first and when it stalled, Pennypacker Crimean War. The 97th PA Regiment suffered 184 lead the second brigade which carried the division into casualties with 44 men killed, 8 officers wounded, the fort. The color bearer for the 97th PA was shot 120 men wounded and 12 men were taken prison- down and Pennypacker picked up the flag, leading the er. Pennypacker was sent to recuperate at For- regiment and brigade over the third traverse. While tress Monroe, and later was sent home to West Chester. Continue on Page 7 Founder of the Girl Scouts, Juliette Gordon Low encouraged girls to prepare not only for tradi- tional homemaking, but also for possible future roles as professional women—in the arts, sci- ences and business—and for active citizenship outside the home.

In March, Pennypacker Mills will host a special program grandparents. where Daisy & Brownie troops will be able to “meet” Juli- ette Gordon Low, aka “Daisy,” the Founder of the Girl Her grandparents were wealthy, having earned their Scouts. Thanks to historical actress Carol Spacht, Daisy fortune as savvy investors in railroads, copper mines will come to life and share about the early days of Girl and the presidency of a bank. One of the groups of Scouting. The following article helps us to understand new people Daisy was exposed to were Native how this bright, independent woman evolved to estab- Americans. This early appreciation for different cul- lish an organization designed to encourage girls to have a tures lead her to have an appreciation of Native sense of purpose and lead independent lives. American culture for the rest of her life.

We also find that the Pennypacker daughters, Josephine, Over the years, Daisy’s empathy for others and her Eliza and Anna Maria had similar life experiences as they unconventional outlook on life became a part of her were exposed to greater education, social and cultural personality. Her siblings commented on her inability experiences, and were given the freedom to become to keep track of time, her frequent “experiments” whatever they wished to be. At a time when most wom- that went awry, and acts of kindness that resulted in en were happy to get married, Daisy and the Pennypack- good-natured disasters. Her antics earned her the er daughters sought more from life and made inroads name “Crazy Daisy.” that led to more freedoms for women in their day and Daisy’s Rebelliousness: today! (See pg. 6 for their story.) Daisy’s sense of adventure resulted in a restless spir- Daisy in the Early Years: it that would follow her as she entered various Born into a well-to-do boarding schools, including the Virginia Female Insti- family from Savannah, tute, Edgehill School, Miss Emmett’s School, and Georgia in 1860, Juliette Mesdemoiselles Charbonniers. Her education includ- Gordon was the second ed learning the typical social graces of a well-to-d0 in a family of six children. girl including drawing, piano and speech. Instead, She was called “Daisy,” a she wanted to explore, hike, play tennis and ride common nickname at horses. These were all activities Above: Birthplace of Juliette Gor- the time. what were discouraged by those don, Savannah, Georgia finishing schools. As a result, Daisy Daisy spent her child- was frequently caught breaking hood on a plantation in Georgia during the Civil War. Her the rules! father was a slave owner who believed in the secession of the South from the Union, while her Northern-born Daisy the Independent Young mother believed in abolition. Mr. Gordon joined the war Woman: on behalf of the South and as the war dragged on, Dai- By the age of 19, Daisy was torn between being the girl that her sy’s mother grew despondent about her husband’s ab- Above: Juliette Gor- sence and her ability to provide for their large family. parents wanted her to be and pur- don Low in 1887 at The family moved to Illinois to stay with Daisy’s maternal suing her dreams of being an inde- age 27 pendent woman. She convinced her family that she should move to New York to study by girls, both Daisy painting. She believed that she might be able to turn and Powell decided her painting into a means of financial support and self that these girls should -sufficiency. Daisy also expected to marry and that have their own troop. occurred at the age of 26 when she wed William Low, a wealthy cotton merchant. Before her marriage, Juli- Daisy started several ette had suffered from chronic ear infections. She troops in Scotland had lost most of her hearing in one ear because of and London for girls improper treatment. At her wedding, she lost hearing of varying income Above: Founder Juliette Gordon Low in her other ear after a grain of good-luck rice thrown brackets. The effect (left), speaking to Girl Scout leaders in at the event lodged in her ear, puncturing the ear- on the girls’ self- England, 1920. drum and resulting in an infection and total loss of esteem was so strik- hearing in that ear. ing that she decided to take the program to the U.S., starting with her hometown of Savannah, Georgia. She The Lows often traveled and socialized with educat- made her historic telephone call to a friend (a distant ed and moneyed friends. They made their home in cousin), saying, "I've got something for the girls of Savan- London and both traveled and let separate lives. The nah, and all of America, and all the world, and we're going couple were childless and by 1901 Daisy discovered to start it tonight!" that her husband had taken a mistress, was gambling and heavily drinking. He requested a divorce and be- On March 12, 1912, Juliette Low registered the first troop fore it could be finalized, he died. The estate was di- of American Girl Guides. The first of the 18 girls to register vided between Daisy was Margaret “Daisy Doots” Gordon, her niece and name- and his mistress. sake. She brought girls from all walks of life and intro- duced them to the outdoors, giving them the opportunity The Founding of the to develop self-reliance and resourcefulness. She encour- Girl Scouts: aged girls to not just become good homemakers, but also After the loss of her consider the possibility of being a professional woman in husband, Daisy traveled the arts, sciences, and business. She also welcomed girls the world, sailing to with disabilities at a time when many were excluded from other activities. This idea seemed quite natural to Juliette, France, Italy, Egypt, and Above: Robert Baden-Powell, India. She yearned for a Founder of the Boy Scouts and who never let deafness, back problems or cancer keep purpose for her life. In Juliette Gordon Low, Founder her from full participation in life.

1911, she had a chance of the Girl Guides, the prede- Renamed the Girls Scouts in 1913, Low used her own mon- meeting with British cessor of the Girl Scouts. ey and the resources of friends and family to push the General Robert Baden- organization to provide girls with opportunities to grow, Powell, a war hero and founder of the Boy Scouts. be self-sufficient, and have choices in life. Powell had founded the Boy Scouts with the goal of training young boys for defense and preparedness in Juliette Gordon Low was active in Girl Scouts until she case of military invasion. He emphasized that training died in 1927 from breast cancer. She was buried in her Girl should be fun, an idea that Daisy agreed with. The Scout uniform in Laurel Grove Cemetery in Savanah, Geor- two shared a love of art and travel, as well as similar gia. family backgrounds. They became instant friends and shared ideas for the formation of a scouting troop for girls. “Don’t Lets Forget the Girls…” Daisy & Brownie troops are invited to pre-register (see pg. The early troops were known as Girl Guides. These 9) and join Daisy on Saturday, March 14th to hear from the girls had shown such an interest in Boy Scouting that founder of the Girl Scouts herself! Don’t miss this unique they appeared in their brother’s troops, dressed in opportunity to hear what Scouting was like in the begin- parts of Boy Scout uniforms and very eager to learn ning! Call today and book early! This will surely be a popular the same skills. With such an outpouring of interest special program. Lives of Independence, Creativity & a Sense of Purpose

of the Wom- en’s Civic Club of Schwenks- ville and taught Sun- Above: Left to right—Samuel, daughter Josephine, son day School. Bevan, wife Virginia, & daughters Eliza and Anna Maria. Circa 1891 Anna Maria also graduated from Bryn Mawr College, and then graduated from the Pennsylvania Hospital While the Pennypacker daughters were born 14+ Training School for Nurses. She was an activist for years after Juliette Gordon Low, women still faced social reforms including women’s suffrage, prison challenges when it came to education, careers, and reform, socialized medicine and legal defense for the independence. Many could not afford college, many poor. came from families where they were married off into hopefully wealthier families, and many worked meni- Careers for the Pennypacker Daughters al jobs. The Pennypacker daughters were most fortu- Eliza worked for many years as an occupational thera- nate in that their father, Samuel Pennypacker was a pist in hospitals and in private homes. She often strong believer in education and he chose to educate worked with mental health patients, including her all of his children, three girls and a son. own older sister, Josephine, who suffered mental and emotional problems in her 20’s. Good Educations All three Pennypacker daughters Anna Maria worked for thirty years in the Philadelph- graduated from Friends Central ia School District as a school nurse. She reached out School in Philadelphia. Josephine to families of children in the school and was referred then received private art and mu- to as the “Worker’s Angel,” for the quiet help she sic lessons. Many of her paintings offered to families. and drawings hang throughout the Pennypacker mansion. A Sense of Purpose Eliza graduated from Bryn Josephine, Eliza Mawr College and worked as and Anna Maria an occupational therapist. In shared similar a letter to a relative she stat- upbringings ed, “My life has been ‘off the and challenges beaten track’ as one might as did Juliette say. I lived before the time Low. The girls loved the outdoors and were known to when women went into earn- care for visiting cousins. They played baseball and ing their living in business as a matter of course, and I badminton in their Gibson Girl outfits. The Gibson Girl never kept house.” In a letter to her parents, images expressed a sense of worldliness and inde- “Grandma and Aunt Clara didn’t like our playing base- pendent thinking while defining a new sense of beau- ball much. Grandma was afraid it would make us sick. ty and intelligence. These young women were given It was the only game that we could play at all the time the gift of an education and the opportunity to work and never get tired of.” Eliza was the first President doing what they loved, just as Juliette did. Continued from Page 3 Galusha spent more than a year recuperating from his wounds at Fortress Monroe and came home to West Chester on November 11, 1865 to much fanfare. He resigned his commission on April 30, 1866. With the re- duction of the military, Pennsylvania was granted a colonelcy in the Regular Ar- my and Galusha accepted it on December 1, 1866. He served in the South during Reconstruction, being adored by the people in Above: Galusha Penny- Nashville, Mississippi and packer, circa 1872. New Orleans before trans- ferring to Fort Riley, Kansas. He retired from the mili- tary in 1883. He was awarded the Congressional Med- al of Honor in 1891, for his service at Fort Fisher.

Samuel and Galusha had corresponded throughout their lifetimes and passed away just a month apart in 1916.

After Galusha retired, he presented Samuel with sev- eral items from his career. These items will be on dis- play. The exhibit runs from January 20th to March 15, Above: Map of Fort Fisher presented to Samuel Penny- 2015 and is included in all tours. To start off the ex- packer by Galusha Pennypacker, circa 1900. Galusha hibit, there will a special Gallery Talk by site Curator indicated on this map the location where he was Carl Klase on Sunday afternoon January 25th at 1pm. wounded, see red arrow. planting the colors on the third traverse, Penny- Left: Memorial to Ga- packer was severely wounded in the thigh and pel- lusha Pennypacker vis. The three brigade commanders that entered located on Logan the fort were all shot down in the attack and coffins Square at the Benja- were ordered for them. Colonel Louis Bell, in com- min Franklin Parkway mand of the third brigade died, however Curtis and & 19th Street, Philadel- Pennypacker recovered from their wounds. Curtis phia. Sponsored by the General Pennypacker and Pennypacker were both hailed as the Hero of Memorial Committee Fort Fisher. Pennypacker responded to the editor in collaboration with of the New York Times on December 20, 1914, As to the State Art Commis- the “Hero of Fort Fisher:” There were several of them sion. - a good many of them. – The men who carried the muskets! The capture of Fort Fisher closed the last Designed by Charles seaport to the Confederacy and in a few months Grafly and completed the war would be over. by his student, Albert Laessle, circa 1934.

We make a living by what we do, But we make a life by what we give.

—Winston Churchill

Name Total Name Total Name Total Hours Hours Hours Assal, Anne 278 Ferriman, Denise 9 Moore, Linda (F) 106 Assal, Jim 8 Flynn, Tara (F) 4.5 Myers, Ron 3 Bassett, Lisa 30.75 Giancarlo, Dominic 16.25 Nastase, Tony 25 Bell, Amanda 13 Gidjunis, Paula (F) 3 Phuong Nguyen 1 Boyd, Bill 34 Gorman, Frank (F) 4.5 Parker, Danielle (F) 2.25 Buser, Maryann 10.75 Gorman, Maeve 3.5 Parker, Shawn (F) 10.25

Callegari, Robert 3 Gosser, Gail 16 Pegg, Bonnie 11.75 Christian, Karen 184.5 Hicks, Dan 7 Pennypacker, Larry (F) 44.5 Coryell, Vivian 68.5 Hicks, Sandi 7 Previni, John 15.75 Crocco, Maria 2 Hightower, Robin 12.5 Previni, Mary 27.25 Custer, Carol (F)(R) 289.5 Hogan, Paula 1 Silva, Maggie 7.5 DeLucas, Margaret (F) 166.25 Hulmes, Ed 8.5 Smerkanich, Mark (F) 17.75 Du Pont, Gail 74.75 Krause, Linda 16.75 Trianosky, Chris 4 Earley, Richard 264.75 Ladley, Mark 1.5 Walter, Sheila 16.5 Erb, Joan 7.5 Mack, Mary Ann 22.5 Westin, Jennifer 4 Estes, Maggie (F) 3 Malc, Jan 37 Wheeler, Merrilynn (F) 209.50 Evans, Suzanne 9.5 Malc, Stan 33 Wheeler, Paul (F) 15.75 Evans, William 6 TOTAL 2,175

We would also like to thank the Civil War reenactors & living his- (F) Friends of Pennypacker Mills torians who are instrumental in the success of our Civil War Reun- (R) RSVP of Montgomery County ion event each year.

Valentine’s Workshop “Don’t Lets Forget For Kids the Girls…” Sat., February 7th A Visit with Juliette Gordon Low 10 am to 12pm Sat., March 14th 10 to 11 am Join us for a exciting morning of vintage Valentine making Juliette Gordon Low, Founder of the just for kids! Cards, a gift & decorations too! For ag- Girls Scouts, always remembered that es 5 and up, accompanied by an adult. Refreshments scouting is—first and foremost— will be served. about the girls! One hundred years later, how does scout- ing differ from when it first began? Find out from “Daisy” Fee: $5 per child. herself! For Daisies & Brownies. Afterward take a tour of the Mills. Fee: $7.50 per person. 1 adult w/10 girls required.

All workshops & programs are by pre-registration & pre-payment only. Participants may register by mail using a personal check made out to Pennypacker Mills or using a credit card by telephone 610-287-9349.

Register me!

______Name Street Address Please indicate the names of those attending: ______City State Zip Code Number of Workshop Price Total Price Participants ______Tel # in case of inclement weather Valentine Workshop $5.00/child X ______$______

______“Don’t Lets Email for e-confirmations Forget the $7.50 per Girls” person X ______$ ______Mail to: Pennypacker Mills 5 Haldeman Road Schwenksville, PA 19473 TOTAL $______

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Pennypacker Mills 5 Haldeman Road Schwenksville, PA 19473

Montgomery County Board of Commissioners: Josh Shapiro, Chair Leslie S. Richards, Vice Chair Happy Bruce L. Castor, Jr. Commissioner Valentine’s Day