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Federal Service of Russia for Hydrometeorology And FEDERAL SERVICE OF RUSSIA FOR HYDROMETEOROLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING Russian Federation State Research Center Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute Russian Antarctic Expedition QUARTERLY BULLETIN №2 (27) April - June 2004 STATE OF ANTARCTIC ENVIRONMENT Operational data of Russian Antarctic stations St. Petersburg 2004 FEDERAL SERVICE OF RUSSIA FOR HYDROMETEOROLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING Russian Federation State Research Center Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute Russian Antarctic Expedition QUARTERLY BULLETIN №2 (27) April - June 2004 STATE OF ANTARCTIC ENVIRONMENT Operational data of Russian Antarctic stations Edited by V.V. Lukin St. Petersburg 2004 Authors and contributors Editor-in-Chief - M.O. Krichak (Russian Antarctic Expedition (RAE) Department) Section 1 - M.O. Krichak (RAE), V.Ye. Lagun (Department of Sea-Air Interaction) Section 2 - Ye.I. Aleksandrov (Department of Meteorology) Section 3 - L.Yu. Ryzhakov, G.Ye. Ryabkov (Department of Long-Range Weather Forecasting) Section 4 - A.I. Korotkov (Department of Ice Regime and Forecasting) Section 5 - Ye.Ye. Sibir (Department of Meteorology) Section 6 - I.P. Yeditkina, I.V. Moskvin, A.V. Frank-Kamenetsky (Department of Geophysics) Section 7 - V.V. Lukin (RAE), Section 8 - V.A. Kuchin (RAE). Translated by I.I. Solovieva http://south.aari.nw.ru, Russian Antarctic Expedition, Quarterly Bulletin. Acknowledgements: Russian Antarctic Expedition is grateful to all AARI staff for help and assistance in preparing this Bulletin. For more information about the contents of this publication, please, contact Arctic and Antarctic Research Institute of Roshydromet Russian Antarctic Expedition Bering St., 38, St. Petersburg 199397 Russia Phone: (812) 352 15 41 Fax: (812) 352 28 27 E-mail: [email protected] CONTENTS PREFACE……………………….…………………………………….…………………………..1 1. DATA OF AEROMETEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AT THE RUSSIAN ANTARCTIC STATIONS…………………………………….………………………….3 2. METEOROLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN APRIL – JUNE 2004……………………….47 3. REVIEW OF THE ATMOSPHERIC PROCESSES ABOVE THE ANTARCTIC IN APRIL – JUNE 2004……………..…………………………………….…………….53 4. BRIEF REVIEW OF ICE PROCESSES IN THE SOUTHERN OCEAN FROM DATA OF SATELLITE AND COASTAL OBSERVATIONS AT THE RUSSIAN ANTARCTIC STATIONS IN APRIL-JUNE 2004……………….…………………….54 5. RESULTS OF TOTAL OZONE MEASUREMENTS IN THE SECOND QUARTER OF 2004…………….……………………………………………………………………58 6. GEOPHYSICAL OBSERVATIONS AT RUSSIAN ANTARCTIC STATIONS IN APRIL – JUNE 2004…..….………………………………….…………….………..59 7. XXVII ANTARCTIC TREATY CONSULTATIVE MEETING………...…………….67 8. MAIN RAE EVENTS IN APRIL, MAY AND JUNE 2004……………………………70 1 PREFACE The Bulletin is prepared on the basis of data reported from the Russian Antarctic stations in real time via the communication channels. The Bulletin is published from 1998 on a quarterly basis. Section I in this issue presents monthly averages of standard meteorological and solar radiation observations and upper-air sounding for the second quarter of 2004. Standard meteorological observations are carried out at present at Mirny, Novolazarevskaya, Bellingshausen, Progress (from February this year) and Vostok stations (at Vostok station after its reactivation, a complete set of meteorological observations was resumed from March 2004). The upper-air sounding is undertaken once a day at 00.00 UT at two stations - Mirny Observatory and Novolazarevskaya. More frequent sounding is conducted during the periods of the International Geophysical Interval (in accordance with the International Geophysical Calendar in 2004 – from 8 to 21 March, 14 to 27 June, 13 to 26 September and 13 to 26 December) at both stations at 00 h and 12 h UT. In the meteorological tables, the atmospheric pressure values for the coastal stations are referenced to sea level. Along with the monthly averages of meteorological parameters, the tables in Section 1 present their deviations from multiyear averages (anomalies), deviations in σf fractions (normalized anomalies - (f-favg)/ σf) and relative anomalies (f/favg) of the monthly sums of precipitation and total radiation. The statistical characteristics necessary for the calculation of anomalies were derived at the AARI Department of Meteorology for the period 1961-1990 recommended by the World Meteorological Organization. Section 1 also presents the diagrams of temporal variations of mean daily values of meteorological parameters at the stations for specific months allowing an assessment of fluctuations of these parameters during a month. The section also presents the upper-air-temporal temperature and wind speed sections in the free atmosphere obtained from the results of regular upper-air sounding at Mirny and Novolazarevskaya stations. The Bulletin contains brief overviews of the state of the Antarctic environment based on actual data. Sections 2 and 3 are devoted to the meteorological and synoptic conditions. The reviews of synoptic conditions (section 3) are prepared on the basis of the analysis of current aerological and synoptic information, which is performed by the weather forecaster at Novolazarevskaya station and also on the basis of more complete data of the Southern Hemisphere collected at the AARI. The analysis of ice conditions in the Southern Ocean (Section 4) is based on satellite data received at Bellingshausen, Novolazarevskaya and Mirny stations and on the observations conducted at the coastal Bellingshausen and Mirny stations. The anomalous character of ice conditions is evaluated against the multiyear averages of the drifting ice edge location and the onset of different ice phases in the coastal areas of the Southern Ocean adjoining the Antarctic stations. The multiyear averages were obtained at the AARI Department of Ice Regime and Forecasting over the period 1971-1995. Section 5 presents an overview of total ozone (TO) on the basis of measurements at the Russian stations. Data of geophysical observations published in Section 6 present the results of measurements under the geomagnetic and ionospheric programs (magnetic and riometer observations; vertical sounding of the ionosphere) in Mirny Observatory, at Novolazarevskaya and Vostok stations. At the beginning of 2004, practically the entire complex of geophysical observations was resumed at Vostok station, however the vertical sounding of the ionosphere was temporally stopped due to technical causes. This type of observations is carried out now only in Mirny Observatory. The geophysical information also includes the PC-index – indicator of magnetic activity, which is calculated from data of geomagnetic observations of Vostok station. Section 7 presents information about the XXVII Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting held in late May-early June in Cape Town (South Africa). The last Section (8) is traditionally devoted to the main directions of the logistics activities of RAE during the period under consideration. 2 Russian Antarctic stations in operation in April - June 2004 MIRNY OBSERVATORY STATION SYNOPTIC INDEX 89592 METEOROLOGICAL SITE HEIGHT ABOVE SEA LEVEL 39.9 m GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES ϕ = 66°33′ S; λ = 93°01′ E GEOMAGNETIC COORDINATES Φ = -76.8°; ∆ = 151.1° BEGINNING AND END OF POLAR DAY 7 December – 5 January BEGINNING AND END OF POLAR NIGHT No NOVOLAZAREVSKAYA STATION STATION SYNOPTIC INDEX 89512 METEOROLOGICAL SITE HEIGHT ABOVE SEA LEVEL 119 m GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES ϕ = 70°46′ S; λ = 11°50′ E BEGINNING AND END OF POLAR DAY 15 November - 28 January BEGINNING AND END OF POLAR NIGHT 21 May - 23 July BELLINGSHAUSEN STATION STATION SYNOPTIC INDEX 89050 METEOROLOGICAL SITE HEIGHT ABOVE SEA LEVEL 14.3 m GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES ϕ = 62°12′ S; λ = 58°56′ W BEGINNING AND END OF POLAR DAY BEGINNING AND END OF POLAR NIGHT No PROGRESS STATION STATION SYNOPTIC INDEX 89574 METEOROLOGICAL SITE HEIGHT ABOVE SEA LEVEL 64 m GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES ϕ = 69°23′ S; λ = 76°23′ E BEGINNING AND END OF POLAR DAY 21 November – 22 January BEGINNING AND END OF POLAR NIGHT 28 May – 16 July VOSTOK STATION STATION SYNOPTIC INDEX 89606 METEOROLOGICAL SITE HEIGHT ABOVE SEA LEVEL 3488 m GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES ϕ = 78°27′ S; λ = 106°52′ E GEOMAGNETIC COORDINATES Φ = -89.3°; ∆ = 139.5° BEGINNING AND END OF POLAR DAY 21 October - 21 February BEGINNING AND END OF POLAR NIGHT 23 April - 21 August 3 1. DATA OF AEROMETEOROLOGICAL OBSERVATIONS AT THE RUSSIAN ANTARCTIC STATIONS APRIL 2004 MIRNY OBSERVATORY Table 1.1 Monthly averages of meteorological parameters (f) and their deviations from multiyear averages (favg) Mirny, April 2004 Normalized Anomaly Relative anomaly Parameter fmon.avg fmax fmin anomaly f-favg f/favg (f-favg)/σf Sea level pressure, hPa 982.1 1000.1 958.0 -6.1 -1.8 Air temperature, °C -13.6 -2.3 -24.0 0.3 0.2 Relative humidity, % 78 5.7 1.2 Total cloudiness (sky coverage), tenths 6.9 0.2 0.3 Lower cloudiness(sky coverage),tenths 1.4 -1.6 -1.3 Precipitation, mm 26.5 -13 -0.4 0.7 Mean wind speed, m/s 13.7 16.0 1.3 1.0 Prevailing wind direction, deg 158 Total radiation, MJ/m2 105.2 -1.8 -0.2 1.0 Total ozone content (TO), DU 278 317 239 4 A B -2 С 1000 0 -4 , E a R -6 P TU -8 , h 990 A E -10 R U PER -12 S S 980 E TEM R -14 R I -16 L P 970 E E A -18 V C A LE F -20 A R 960 E U -22 S S -24 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 950 APRIL 2004 5 1015202530 APRIL 2004 C D 100 40 s / m , S U % 90 , 30 Y DUL T I O D I M 80 D M U E 20 E H P E S V TI ND 70 I 10 ELA W R E C A 60 F R 5 1015202530 U 0 S APRIL 2004 5 1015202530 APRIL 2004 E F 6 170 m m s m , S, 165 S M E U N S 4 K N C I IO H 160 T T A R E IT V IP O C 2 C 155 E W R O P SN Y IL 150 A D 5 1015202530 0 APRIL 2004 5 1015202530 APRIL 2004 Fig. 1.1. Intra-monthly variation of daily mean values of surface temperature (A, bold line), maximal (А, thin line), minimal (A, dotted line) air temperature, sea level pressure (B), relative humidity (C), mean (D, black circles), maximal (D, crosses) values of surface wind speed, maximal gust of the wind (D, white circles), precipitation (E), snow cover thickness (F) in Mirny Observatory, April 2004.
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