LITERACY : Proofreading

LITERACY : Proofreading Circle the missing commas. Write corrections on the lines below. One example is done for you. Find and correct 5 more errors. Blues is a music genre and musical form originated in the Deep South of the United States around the 1870s. The genre developed from roots and spirituals.Blues incorporated spirituals work songs field hollers shouts chants and rhymed simple narrative ballads.The blues form ubiquitous in jazz rhythm and blues and rock and roll is characterized by the call-and-response pattern, the blues scale and specific chord progressions, of which the twelve-bar blues is the most common. Example : spirituals, work 1. …………………………………………………………… 2. ………………………………………………………….. 3. ………………………………………………………….. 4. ………………………………………………………….. 5. …………………………………………………………... LITERACY: LITERACY : Proofreading 8.WG7c Circle the missing commas. Write corrections on the lines below. One example is done for you. Find and correct 5 more errors. Blue notes usually thirds or fifths flattened in pitch are also an essential part of the sound. Blues shuffles or walking bass reinforce the trance-like rhythm and form a repetitive effect known as the groove. Blues as a genre is also characterized by its lyrics bass lines and instrumentation. Early traditional blues verses consisted of a single line repeated four times. It was only in the first decades of the 20th century that the most common current structure became standard: the AAB pattern, consisting of a line sung over the four first bars its repetition over the next four, and then a longer concluding line over the last bars. Early blues frequently took the form of a loose narrative often relating the racial discrimination and other challenges experienced by African-Americans. Example : Blue notes, usually 1. …………………………………………………………… 2. ………………………………………………………….. 3. ………………………………………………………….. 4. ………………………………………………………….. 5. …………………………………………………………... Define the following musical terms : 1. CHORD : …………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 2. MELODIC RIFF : ………………………………………………………………………………………….. 3. SYNCOPATION : …………………………………………………………………………………………. Write down the names of the notes which make up the following chords : 1. C CHORD : ……………………………………………. 2. F CHORD : …………………………………………… 3. G CHORD : ……………………………………………. 4. C7 CHORD : …………………………………………… Complete the chart below with the chords of the 12 bar blues : Blues and Jazz In the 17th and 18th centuries slaves were captured from many African counties and forced to work in the southern states of America. They mainly worked on the land producing cotton, tobacco and sugar. New Orleans was controlled by the French. Some black people were free and well-educated. They were called Creoles. When the Spanish took over in 1764, the Creoles lost all of their rights to freedom and many left the area becoming travelling musicians. By the 1900s, slavery was a thing of the past but very severe racism and poverty forced black families to move away from the south and into industrial cities such as New York and Chicago. 1900 Ragtime and New Orleans Jazz (Dixieland) were becoming popular. Scott Joplin played and composed a new style of ‘ragtime’ and became the first celebrity musician in America. Other very successful jazz musicians of the time were Louis Armstrong (trumpet) and Bix Beiderbeck (cornet/ trombone). 1920s African-American music became popular throughout America with both black and white people. Bessie Smith was a very celebrated singer of the ‘blues’. Blues songs are very emotional songs, usually describing a person’s feelings during tragic or sad events. During the 1920s there was a complete ban on alcohol (Prohibition). Secret clubs called Speakeasy’s were opened where jazz was played and alcohol served. 1930s This is often called the Swing era and more white artists began to perform jazz and blues. Benny Goodman was a white clarinettist who insisted that his band was mixed. 1940s Swing and dances such as the Lind hop spread across to Britain and Europe as American soldiers became involved in the Second World War. 1950s Band leaders such as Count Basie and Duke Ellington toured and jazz became even more popular and more complex (Bebop). 1960s Different styles of jazz emerged such as Cool Jazz. Harmonies became even more complicated and improvisations were longer. Important figures were Charlie Parker (saxophone) and Dizzie Gillespie (trumpet). 1970/80s Miles Davies (trumpet) and John Coltrane (saxophone) continued to develop jazz in new ways and it became linked to many different styles including rock, Latin American, Indian and African music (Hugh Masekela – trumpet). 1990s/2000s Jazz now influences pop, hip-hop and R+B and is played all over the world. Blues and Jazz In the 17th and 18th centuries slaves were captured from many ……………… counties and forced to work in the southern states of America. They mainly worked on the land producing cotton, ……………… and ………………. New Orleans was controlled by the French. Some black people were free and well-educated. They were called ………………. When the ……………… took over in 1764, the Creoles lost all of their rights to freedom and many left the area becoming travelling musicians. By the 1900s, slavery was a thing of the past but very severe racism and poverty forced black families to move away from the south and into industrial cities such as ………………and ………………. 1900s Ragtime and New Orleans Jazz (Dixieland) were becoming popular. ……………… played and composed a new style of ‘ragtime’ and became the first celebrity musician in America. Other very successful jazz musicians of the time were Louis ……………… (trumpet) and Bix Beiderbeck (cornet/ trombone). 1920s African-American music became popular throughout America with both black and white people. Bessie ……………… was a very celebrated singer of the ‘blues’. Blues songs are very emotional songs, usually describing a person’s feelings during tragic or sad events. During the 1920s there was a complete ban on ……………… (Prohibition). Secret clubs called ……………… were opened where jazz was played and alcohol served. 1930s This is often called the ……………… era and more white artists began to perform jazz and blues. Benny ……………… was a white clarinettist who insisted that his band was mixed. 1940s Swing and dances such as the Lind hop spread across to Britain and Europe as American soldiers became involved in the Second World War. 1950s Band leaders such as Count ……………… and Duke ……………… toured and jazz became even more popular and more complex (Bebop). 1960s Different styles of jazz emerged such as Cool Jazz. Harmonies became even more complicated and improvisations were longer. Important figures were Charlie Parker (saxophone) and ……………… Gillespie (trumpet). 1970/80s Miles ……………… (trumpet) and John Coltrane (saxophone) continued to develop jazz in new ways and it became linked to many different styles including rock, Latin American, Indian and African music (Hugh ……………… – trumpet). 1990s/2000s Jazz now influences pop, hip-hop and R+B and is played all over the world. Year 8 : Rock and Roll Rock and roll was formed from a mixture of white gospel, country, Afro-American blues and rhythm and blues styles of music. It was the American disc jockey Alan Freed who first used the term rock and roll to describe a particular type of music. Since then the name has stuck. One of the first rock and roll singers to take to America by storm was Elvis Presley who released the hit single ‘That’s Alright Mamma’ in 1954. This was followed by a string of hits and by 1956 he had sold more than 20 million records. Presley’s spectacular stage performance with his arrogant sneer and thrusting hips created a sensation. In 1955 Little Richard exploded onto the music scene with ‘Tutti Frutti’. He screamed the words, pounded the piano and shook his hair. A series of other singers followed including Chuck Berry, Jerry Lee Lewis, Carl Perkins and Buddy Holly. It was Buddy Holly who took the development of rock and roll further than anyone else by using multi-tracking recording techniques to produce complex studio arrangements. The late 1950’s and early 1960’s brought success to a number of rock and roll groups. These were male vocal groups such as The Drifters and female vocal groups such as The Shangri Las who released ‘Leader of the Pack’ in 1964. The Beach Boys combined the rhythms of Chuck Berry with the harmonies of Afro- American vocal groups to produce their own distinctive sound in numbers such as ‘Surfin’ Safari’. British teenagers took little part in the rock and roll craze until the American group ‘Bill Haley and the Comets’ created a sensation with the release of the film ‘Rock Around the Clock’ in 1955. This had youngsters dancing in the aisles in the cinemas where the film was showing, much to the horror of their parents! Both Tommy Steele and Cliff Richard were made to look like Presley imitations and achieved some success. Cliff Richard’s first recording, ‘Move It’ in 1958, had a certain raw energy about it. However, they soon toned down their rocking image and concentrated on films, pantomimes and variety shows. It was not until The Beatles released ‘Love Me Do’ in 1962 that we had British stars who were able to create their own individual sound. .

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