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80 Years of Print December 2012 Volume 81 Number 12
December 2012 %#-7)9;4-5;6.<:;1+-+- 767D3>GD73GA8 @H7EF;93F;A@93F;A@ December 2011 Employee Wellness May 2011 September 2001 Addressing School Violence 80 Years of Print December 2012 Volume 81 Number 12 United States Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington, DC 20535-0001 Robert S. Mueller III Director Contributors’ opinions and statements Features should not be considered an endorsement by the FBI for any policy, program, or service. The attorney general has determined Vigilance Fatigue in Policing Personnel tasked with processing large that the publication of this periodical By Meredith Krause amounts of data, identifying risks, and is necessary in the transaction of the 3 responding to perceived threats can lose public business required by law. Use of funds for printing this periodical has focus as a result of information overload been approved by the director of the and performance-related pressure. Office of Management and Budget. The FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin Armored Car Industry Agencies have an important role in (ISSN-0014-5688) is published monthly by the Federal Bureau of Reciprocity Act and Local ensuring that armored car crew members Investigation, 935 Pennsylvania 19 carry weapons legally and as needed. Avenue, N.W., Washington, D.C. Law Enforcement 20535-0001. Periodicals postage paid By Jeffrey T. Wennar at Washington, D.C., and additional mailing offices. Postmaster: Send address changes to Editor, FBI Law Enforcement Bulletin, FBI Academy, Quantico, VA 22135. Departments Editor John E. Ott Associate Editors 1 Bulletin History 18 Leadership Spotlight Eric A. D’Orazio Linda L. Fresh Doing the “Right Thing” David W. -
Behavioral Science Unit
Behavioral Science Unit Behavioral Science Unit (BSU) was one of the original instructional components of the FBI's Training Division at Quantico, Virginia. Its mission was to develop and provide programs of training, research, and consultation in the behavioral andsocial sciences for the Federal Bureau of Investigation and law enforcement community that would improve or enhance their administration, operational effectiveness, and understanding of violent crime. The BSU was established in 1972 at the FBI Academy, and was disbanded in 2014. Through its legacy of training, research, and consultation activities, the BSU developed techniques, tactics, and procedures that have become a staple of behavioral-based programs that support the law enforcement, intelligence, and military communities. It is here where the term "serial killer" was coined and where criminal investigative analysis and "profiling" were developed. Many of these programs eventually developed into stand-alone programs, units, and centers such as the National Center for the Analysis of Violent Crime (NCAVC), Behavioral Analysis Unit (BAU), Undercover Safeguard Unit, Crisis Negotiation Unit, Hostage Rescue Team, and Employee Assistance Unit. The mission of the BSU was to be the premier unit for developing and facilitating relevant programs of training, research, and consultation in the behavioral sciences for the FBI workforce, including the law enforcement, intelligence, and military communities that will improve their effectiveness in furtherance of the strategic priorities of the FBI. This is accomplished through the creation of innovative bodies of knowledge in specialty areas and applied research on significant behavioral science issues for use in training and consultation in support of academic, program, and operational matters. -
Estimating the Causal Effect of Gangs in Chicago†
Competition in the Black Market: Estimating the Causal Effect of Gangs in Chicago† Bravo Working Paper # 2021-004 Jesse Bruhn † Abstract: I study criminal street gangs using new data that describes the geospatial distribution of gang territory in Chicago and its evolution over a 15-year period. Using an event study design, I show that city blocks entered by gangs experience sharp increases in the number of reported batteries (6%), narcotics violations (18.5%), weapons violations (9.8%), incidents of prostitution (51.9%), and criminal trespassing (19.6%). I also find a sharp reduction in the number of reported robberies (-8%). The findings cannot be explained by pre-existing trends in crime, changes in police surveillance, crime displacement, exposure to public housing demolitions, reporting effects, or demographic trends. Taken together, the evidence suggests that gangs cause small increases in violence in highly localized areas as a result of conflict over illegal markets. I also find evidence that gangs cause reductions in median property values (-$8,436.9) and household income (-$1,866.8). Motivated by these findings, I explore the relationship between the industrial organization of the black market and the supply of criminal activity. I find that gangs that are more internally fractured or operate in more competitive environments tend to generate more crime. This finding is inconsistent with simple, market-based models of criminal behavior, suggesting an important role for behavioral factors and social interactions in the production of gang violence. Keywords: Competition, Crime, Gangs, Neighborhoods, Urban, Violence JEL classification: J46, K24, O17, R23, Z13 __________________________________ † Previously circulated under the title "The Geography of Gang Violence.” * Economics Department, Brown University. -
We Were Minority. Italiani Ed Afroamericani a Chicago Tra Emancipazione E Conflitti, 1945 –1965
UNIVERSITÀ DEGLI STUDI DI MODENA E REGGIO EMILIA Dottorato di ricerca in Scienze Umanistiche Ciclo XXXII TITOLO della TESI We were minority. Italiani ed afroamericani a Chicago tra emancipazione e conflitti, 1945 –1965. Un'analisi storica tra documenti d'archivio e fonti orali. Candidato Moschetti Marco Relatore (Tutor): Prof. Lorenzo Bertucelli Coordinatore del Corso di Dottorato: Prof.ssa Marina Bondi A mia madre e mio padre. Migranti. C'è il bianco, il nero e mille sfumature Di colori in mezzo e lì in mezzo siamo noi Coi nostri mondi in testa tutti ostili E pericolosamente confinanti siamo noi Un po' paladini della giustizia Un po' pure briganti, siamo noi Spaccati e disuguali, siamo noi Frammenti di colore, sfumature Dentro a un quadro da finire Siamo noi, che non ci vogliono lasciar stare Siamo noi, che non vogliamo lasciarli stare Siamo noi, appena visibili sfumature In grado di cambiare il mondo In grado di far incontrare Il cielo e il mare in un tramonto Siamo noi, frammenti di un insieme Ancora tutto da stabilire E che dipende da noi Capire l'importanza di ogni singolo colore Dipende da noi saperlo collocare bene Ancora da noi, capire il senso nuovo Che può dare all'insieme Che dobbiamo immaginare Solo noi, solo noi, solo noi… (Sfumature, 99 posse. Da La vita que vendrà, 2000) Marco Moschetti , We were minority. Indice INDICE INTRODUZIONE p.1 1. CAPITOLO I: stereotipi, pregiudizi e intolleranza. Gli italiani negli Stati Uniti e l’immagine dell’italoamericano. 1.1 Lo stereotipo anti-italiano ed il pregiudizio contro gli immigrati. -
Sociology Fights Organised Crime: the Story of the Chicago Area Project
SGOC STUDYING GROUP ON ORGANISED CRIME https://sgocnet.org Sociology Fights Organised Crime: The Story of the Chicago Area Project Original article Sociology Fights Organised Crime: The Story of the Chicago Area Project Robert Lombardo* Abstract: This article studies the Chicago Area Project (CAP). Specifically, it studies the work of CAP in three of Chicago’s Italian immigrant communities: the Near North Side, the Near West Side, and the Near Northwest Side during the early 1900s. This article argues that the work of CAP prevented many young people from pursuing a life of organised adult crime and that research conducted in these communities has provided information crucial to our understanding of crime and delinquency including support for both social disorganisation and differential social organisation theory. The data for this research comes from published sources, newspaper accounts, and the CAP archives located in the special collections libraries of the University of Illinois, Chicago and the Chicago History Museum. The findings indicate that much of what we know about combating delinquency areas and the cultural transmission of delinquent values is based upon research conducted in Chicago’s Italian neighbourhoods, yet there is no mention of the Italian community’s efforts to fight juvenile delinquency in the scholarly literature, nor is there a recognition that the presence of adult criminality was a necessary element in Clifford Shaw’s original characterisation of social disorganisation theory. Keywords: The Chicago Area Project; Clifford Shaw; Illinois Institute for Juvenile Research; The North Side Civic Committee; The West Side Community Committee; The Near Northwest Side Civic Committee *Dr. -
Hybrid and Other Modern Gangs
U.S. Department of Justice Office of Justice Programs Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention December 2001 Hybrid and Other A Message From OJJDP Modern Gangs Gangs have changed significantly from the images portrayed in West Side Story and similar stereotypical David Starbuck, James C. Howell, depictions. Although newly emerging and Donna J. Lindquist youth gangs frequently take on the names of older traditional gangs, the The proliferation of youth gangs since 1980 same methods of operation as traditional similarities often end there. has fueled the public’s fear and magnified gangs such as the Bloods and Crips (based This Bulletin describes the nature of possible misconceptions about youth gangs. in Los Angeles, CA) or the Black Gangster modern youth gangs, in particular, To address the mounting concern about Disciples and Vice Lords (based in Chicago, hybrid gangs. Hybrid gang culture is youth gangs, the Office of Juvenile Justice IL). These older gangs tend to have an age- characterized by mixed racial and and Delinquency Prevention’s (OJJDP’s) graded structure of subgroups or cliques. ethnic participation within a single Youth Gang Series delves into many of the The two Chicago gangs have produced or- gang, participation in multiple gangs key issues related to youth gangs. The ganizational charts and explicit rules of by a single individual, vague rules and series considers issues such as gang migra- conduct and regulations, including detailed codes of conduct for gang members, tion, gang growth, female involvement with punishments for breaking gang rules (Sper- use of symbols and colors from gangs, homicide, drugs and violence, and gel, 1995:81). -
HISTORY of STREET GANGS in the UNITED STATES By: James C
Bureau of Justice Assistance U.S. Department of Justice NATIO N AL GA ng CE N TER BULLETI N No. 4 May 2010 HISTORY OF STREET GANGS IN THE UNITED STATES By: James C. Howell and John P. Moore Introduction The first active gangs in Western civilization were reported characteristics of gangs in their respective regions. by Pike (1873, pp. 276–277), a widely respected chronicler Therefore, an understanding of regional influences of British crime. He documented the existence of gangs of should help illuminate key features of gangs that operate highway robbers in England during the 17th century, and in these particular areas of the United States. he speculates that similar gangs might well have existed in our mother country much earlier, perhaps as early as Gang emergence in the Northeast and Midwest was the 14th or even the 12th century. But it does not appear fueled by immigration and poverty, first by two waves that these gangs had the features of modern-day, serious of poor, largely white families from Europe. Seeking a street gangs.1 More structured gangs did not appear better life, the early immigrant groups mainly settled in until the early 1600s, when London was “terrorized by a urban areas and formed communities to join each other series of organized gangs calling themselves the Mims, in the economic struggle. Unfortunately, they had few Hectors, Bugles, Dead Boys … who found amusement in marketable skills. Difficulties in finding work and a place breaking windows, [and] demolishing taverns, [and they] to live and adjusting to urban life were equally common also fought pitched battles among themselves dressed among the European immigrants. -
The Weberian Gang: a Study of Three Chicago Gangs and New Conceptualization of Criminal Politics
The Weberian Gang: A Study of Three Chicago Gangs and New Conceptualization of Criminal Politics By: Owen Elrifi Accessible at [email protected] A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for a Bachelor of Arts degree in: Public Policy Studies & Political Science Presented to: Faculty Advisor: Professor Benjamin Lessing, Department of Political Science Political Science Preceptor: Nicholas Campbell-Seremetis Public Policy Preceptor: Sayantan Saha Roy Department of Public Policy Studies Department of Political Science 1 Abstract This paper explores the classification of gangs as criminal actors and not as political actors. I propose that urban street gangs often resemble and reflect the actions of the Weberian state in their communities and that this makes them inherently political, even if they do not make explicitly political claims against the state. To test this, I develop a theoretical framework by which to compare gang characteristics to state characteristics. Through ethnographic case studies of three Chicagoan gangs in the latter half of the 20th century, I demonstrate the utility of my framework in analysis and evaluate the similarities between gangs and states. 2 TABLE OF CONTENTS: Title Page 1 Abstract 2 Table of Contents 3 I. Introduction 4 II. Methodology 5 III. Literature Review a. Legitimacy 9 b. The State and Its Development 11 c. Political Violence 13 d. Gangs 16 IV. Theory 18 V. Analysis a. Case 1: Gangster Disciples 24 b. Case 2: Vice Lords 32 c. Case 3: Black P. Stone Nation 40 VI. Conclusions and Further Research 49 VII. Policy Recommendations 54 VIII. Bibliography 58 IX. Appendix 65 3 Introduction In 1919, Max Weber famously defined the state as “the human community that successfully claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of force within a given territory.” This definition revolutionarily shaped political science literature regarding on inter- and intra-state relations, including providing a framework and insights on how to conceptualize challenges to the state by outside actors. -
Homosexuals (1 of 5) Box: 10
Ronald Reagan Presidential Library Digital Library Collections This is a PDF of a folder from our textual collections. Collection: Blackwell, Morton: Files Folder Title: Homosexuals (1 of 5) Box: 10 To see more digitized collections visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/archives/digital-library To see all Ronald Reagan Presidential Library inventories visit: https://reaganlibrary.gov/document-collection Contact a reference archivist at: [email protected] Citation Guidelines: https://reaganlibrary.gov/citing National Archives Catalogue: https://catalog.archives.gov/ Co NF\ DENTlAL Gay Coo.li tion meetlo g, 'Thursd~y, A.u.a;u.st 14 8 J1\1 - 11:30 P1t1 lCh1.trch of the Beloved DiGci.ple, 368 W. 14th Jt.) Over 100 persons in attendru1ce froo a v~riety of the groups co~posin5 the coalition. In thi.s tneetin8, convefled to set a ctrn."tccy of how to p-.ish for passa:·e of 554 betTieen now and the ti::1e it co::1es up for vote, · ther'. coali tion reco l \""ed the fo llo,rinG: 1) Ta.reetina tbe Jewish commani ty 1. esp_ec.inlly -.meens - . 2) Fu.oh 554 opposition onto defensive with 0..'"1 aggressive cara.paisn, to characterize them as bieo·ts aud sup.porters a.s enli6htened o~ponen~s of biBotr1 in all forns. 3) ConcentrB,te on "the movable rgiddle" cov.nci.lirttanic 0 votos as opposed to tl:e u..--iattainable- hard core opvon:ents and the safe proponents. {A) · Actions no,·, S!iecifically beir.e v:orked out iI'!c-lude/an as yet un1 o.ted press cor:fere11ce which will conceN.trate on having gro~ps repre~ei:tatives. -
Volume 5: Future Challenges of Cybercrime
Future Challenges of Cybercrime Volume 5: Proceedings of the Futures Working Group Toby Finnie Tom Petee John Jarvis Editors 1 Acknowledgments The Futures Working Group and the authors that contributed to this volume wish to thank both Police Futurists International and the Federal Bureau of Investigation for supporting the efforts reflected herein. Additionally, the following individuals are recognized for their significant contributions to this volume: FBI Behavioral Science Unit Intern Angela Basso, BSU Visiting Scholar Hayley Daglis Cleary, and other staff of the FBI Training Division who provided significant assistance with the production of this volume including, but not limited to, the editing, organization, and formatting of this volume. Without their generous efforts and sincere commitment to assisting with this project, this work would not have been possible. Suggested Citation: The Future Challenges of Cybercrime: Volume 5 Proceedings of the Futures Working Group. Toby Finnie, Tom Petee, and John Jarvis, editors. Federal Bureau of Investigation: Quantico, Virginia 2010. Initial Release Date: September 22, 2010 Revised: November 4, 2010 Author information: Biographical information pertaining to individual contributors and authors can be found at http://futuresworkinggroup.cos.ucf.edu. The opinions and statements expressed throughout this volume are those of the individual authors and contributors and should not be considered an endorsement or a reflection of the official position of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Society of Police Futures International, or any other institution or organization for any policy, program, or service. 2 Table of Contents Acknowledgments............................................................................................................................2 Word from the Chairman………………………………………………………………………….5 Defining “Cyber-Crime”: Issues in Determining the Nature and Scope of Computer-Related Offenses……………………………………………………………………….6 Thomas A. -
U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington, D.C. 20535 August 24, 2020 MR. JOHN GREENEWALD JR. SUITE
U.S. Department of Justice Federal Bureau of Investigation Washington, D.C. 20535 August 24, 2020 MR. JOHN GREENEWALD JR. SUITE 1203 27305 WEST LIVE OAK ROAD CASTAIC, CA 91384-4520 FOIPA Request No.: 1374338-000 Subject: List of FBI Pre-Processed Files/Database Dear Mr. Greenewald: This is in response to your Freedom of Information/Privacy Acts (FOIPA) request. The FBI has completed its search for records responsive to your request. Please see the paragraphs below for relevant information specific to your request as well as the enclosed FBI FOIPA Addendum for standard responses applicable to all requests. Material consisting of 192 pages has been reviewed pursuant to Title 5, U.S. Code § 552/552a, and this material is being released to you in its entirety with no excisions of information. Please refer to the enclosed FBI FOIPA Addendum for additional standard responses applicable to your request. “Part 1” of the Addendum includes standard responses that apply to all requests. “Part 2” includes additional standard responses that apply to all requests for records about yourself or any third party individuals. “Part 3” includes general information about FBI records that you may find useful. Also enclosed is our Explanation of Exemptions. For questions regarding our determinations, visit the www.fbi.gov/foia website under “Contact Us.” The FOIPA Request number listed above has been assigned to your request. Please use this number in all correspondence concerning your request. If you are not satisfied with the Federal Bureau of Investigation’s determination in response to this request, you may administratively appeal by writing to the Director, Office of Information Policy (OIP), United States Department of Justice, 441 G Street, NW, 6th Floor, Washington, D.C. -
A Genealogy of Gangs in Chicago
A Genealogy of Gangs in Chicago Bringing the State back into Gang Research Global Gangs: A Comparative Perspective University of Minnesota Press Forthcoming Originally presented at the Global Gangs Conference, Geneva, Switzerland, May 2009 John M. Hagedorn University of Illinois-Chicago Reading over the chapters in this volume is like taking a journey not only through the world of gangs, but also the different ways we understand them. It was my main purpose in writing A World of Gangs to challenge the existing criminological paradigm for understanding gangs and suggest that we need to think about gangs differently. This book makes solid contributions toward that goal. Over more than decade of studying Chicago gangs, I’ve found the classic ecological lens to be too narrow and often leads us away from making a substantive critique of political and institutional arrangements. Rather than a nose-to-the-playground focus on the processes that teenagers go through to form and maintain a gang, this essay argues for a much broader historical and political stance. In Chicago, I’ve found that one key to understanding the persistence or institutionalized character of gangs are long-standing practices of police abuse, racism, and corrupt machine politics. I’ve found it helpful to replace the ecological frame with a concept from the study of the mafia, Salvatore Lupo’s notion of “polygenesis” (2009, 26). Lupo argues that the Sicilian mafia cannot be understood without grasping the multiple threads of structure and agency, particularly rampant state corruption. This essay applies Lupo’s approach to examine the history of gangs in Chicago.