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The Selkirk Mountains : a Guide for Mountain Climbers and Pilgrims
J Presentee) to ^be Xibrar^ of tbe xaniversit^ of Toronto bs Her"bert B. Sampson, K,C, Digitized by the Internet Archive in 2011 with funding from University of Toronto http://www.archive.org/details/selkirkmountainsOOwhee THE Selkirk Mountains A Guide for Mountain Climbers and Pilgrims Information by A. O. WHEELER, F.R.G.S., A.C.C., A.C., A.A.C. vo A- Stovel Company, Engravers, Lithographers and Printers, Winnipeg, Man. Arthur O. Wheeler, First President of Alpine Club — CONTENTS Foreword—A. 0. Wlieeler Page 1 One Word More—Elizabeth Parker 2 The Snowy Selkirks—Elizabeth Parker 3-5 CHAPTER I. The Rocky Mountain System—The Selkirks—Early Explorers Later Histor}'—The Railway—Discovery of Rogers Pass—An Alpine Club—Members of British Association Visit the Selkirks, (1884) —Result of Completion of Railway—Government Surveys (1886) —First Scientific Observations of Illecillewaet Glacier Topographical Survey by William Spotswood Green—The Alpine Club, England, and the Swiss Alpine Club—The Appalachian Mountain Club—Triangulation of Railway Belt—Subsequent Mountaineering Pages 6-32 CHAPTER n. Peaks, Passes and Valleys Reached from Glacier—Glacier Park Swiss Guides—Glacier House—Outfits and Ponies—Places and Peaks of Interest Alphabetically Arranged 33-104 CHAPTER m. The Caves of Cheops (Xakimu Caves) —the Valley of the Caves The Approach to the Caves—Formation and Structure—Descrip- tion of Caves—The Mill Bridge Series—The Gorge Series—The Judgment Hall 106-117 CHAPTER IV. •Golden and the Country of the Upper Columbia—Along the Columbia River between Golden and Beavermouth are Several Points of Interest—the Upper Columbia—Travel by Waterway on the Upper Columbia 119-135 CHAPTER V. -
Conservation Values of the Proposed Selkirk Mountain Caribou Park Jim Lawrence
Conservation Values of the Proposed Selkirk Mountain Caribou Park Jim Lawrence Submission to the Governments of British Columbia and Canada On the urgent need to fully protect the last remnants of rare Inland Temperate Rainforest in the Central Selkirk Mountains, including habitat for a herd of 30 endangered Mountain Caribou Written 2011 - Updated 2018 Valhalla Wilderness Society Box 329, New Denver, British Columbia, Canada V0G 1S0 Phone: (250) 358-2333, Fax: (250) 358-7950, E-mail: [email protected], Web: http://www.vws.org CONTACT: Craig Pettitt, VWS Director, 250-358-7997 Anne Sherrod, VWS 250-358-2610 i TABLE OF CONTENTS SUMMARY INFORMATION ABOUT THE PARK PROPOSAL Support for the Park Proposal 1 Summary of Conservation Values 2 Ecosystem Gap in BC Parks 3 Park Proposal Map 4 Four Rivers, Four Major Species at Risk 5 Mtn. Caribou Ungulate Winter Range on Park Proposal Map 6 AREAS OF THE PARK PROPOSAL The Incomappaleux 7 Duncan and Lardeau Watersheds 13 GIS MAPS and AUXILIARY INFORMATION Map of clearcuts, Ungulate Winter Range and Park Proposal 15 Map of grizzly bear and wolverine habitat 16 Map and Chart of Biogeoclimatic Zones 17-18 Statistics, Protection of Inland Temperate Rainforest 19 Map of Old Forest in the Park Proposal 20 REFERENCES 21 1 This park proposal is designed to meet the needs identified by two BC Auditor Generals. BC Auditor General, 2010 BC Auditor General, 2017 “We expected the system plan to be considering “There has been little effort to address the issue and ensuring viable representation of British Co- of connectivity for grizzly bears or to provide lumbia’s biogeoclimatic zones, adequate land wildlife corridors and safe transition areas for sizes and adequate connectivity between pro- those populations in the south that may have lim- tected areas ... -
A History of the Railway Through Rogers Pass from 1865 to 1916
Connecting Canada: a History of the Railway through Rogers Pass from 1865 to 1916 Geography 477: Field Studies in Physical Geography, Fall 2010 Photo source: R.H. Trueman & Co./City of Vancouver Archives By: Jennifer Cleveland and Brittany Dewar December 18, 2010 Instructor: Dan Smith Department of Geography University of Victoria, BC Table of Content 1.0 Introduction…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………3 2.0 Study Area and Data…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….3 3.0 Methods………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………4 4.0 Historical Themes and Maps………………………………………………………………………………………………..7 4.1 Expeditions……………………………………………………………………………………………………………….7 Figure 2: Finding the Pass: Exploration Routes from 1865-1882……………………………….9 4.2 Community…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….10 Figure 3: Rogers Pass Community 1909………………………………………………….………………...13 4.3 Challenges to Operation of the Railway through Rogers Pass………………………………...14 Figure 4: Avalanche Occurrences in Rogers Pass 1885-1910…………………………………...17 5.0 Discussion and conclusion………………………………………………………………………………………………….18 5.1 Mapping: Purpose and Difficulties………………………………………………………………………….18 5.2 Historical Insights: Community……………………………………………………………………………….19 5.3 Historical Insights: Reasons and Consequences of building the Railway through Rogers Pass…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..19 6.0 Acknowledgements……………………………………………………………………………………………………………21 7.0 References…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………22 Appendix A: Time line of avalanches occurring in Rogers -
Glacier and Mount Revelstoke National Parks Souvenir Guidebook
ZUZANA DRIEDIGER Contributors Designer – Kathryn Whiteside Print and Interactive Design Parks Canada Design Team – Vérèna Blasy, Rob Buchanan, Heather Caverhill, Zuzana Driediger, Megan Long, Rick Reynolds parkscanada.gc.ca Cover Art and Glacier 125 Commemorative Posters – Rob Buchanan – Parks Canada Call our toll-free Contributing Artists – Vérèna Blasy, Rob Buchanan, Zuzana information line Driediger, Friends of Mount Revelstoke and Glacier, Ryan Gill, Diny Harrison, Greg Hill, Jason Keerak, Mas Matsushita, Dan McCarthy, 1-888-773-8888 Jackie Pendergast, Rick Reynolds, Shelley L. Ross, Chili Thom, Alice Mount Revelstoke Weber, Kathryn Whiteside, Kip Wiley, John Woods and Glacier National Parks reception Many thanks to the following institutions for permission to reproduce historic images: Canada Post Corporation, Canada 250-837-7500 Science and Technology Museum, Canadian Pacific Archives, Library www.pc.gc.ca/glacier and Archives Canada, National Herbarium of Canada, Revelstoke Museum and Archives, Smithsonian Institution Archives, Whyte www.pc.gc.ca/revelstoke Museum of the Canadian Rockies Printed by: Hemlock Printers $2.00 Souvenir Guide Book 2 Welcome to Glacier and Mount Revelstoke National Parks and Rogers Pass National Historic Site We hope that you enjoy your visit to these very special Canadian places. Glacier, Mount Revelstoke and Rogers Pass are part of an exciting and historic cultural landscape that stretches from Kicking Horse Pass on the British Columbia/Alberta boundary to the site of the Canadian Pacific Railway’s Last Spike at Craigellachie. Close connection with nature has always been a hallmark of the human experience here in the Columbia Mountains. First Nations people have lived and travelled along the mighty Columbia River for millennia. -
Distribution of Adfluvial Bull Trout Production in Tributaries of the Arrow Lakes Reservoir and the Feasibilty of Monitoring Juvenile and Adult Abundance
DISTRIBUTION OF ADFLUVIAL BULL TROUT PRODUCTION IN TRIBUTARIES OF THE ARROW LAKES RESERVOIR AND THE FEASIBILTY OF MONITORING JUVENILE AND ADULT ABUNDANCE Scott Decker1 and John Hagen2 Prepared for: Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program, Nelson, BC BC Hydro and Power Authority, Columbia Basin Generation, Castlegar, BC June, 2007 ________________________________________________________________ 1 1034 Fraser Street, Kamloops, BC, V2C 3H7; [email protected] 2 1663 5th Avenue, Prince George, BC, V2L 3M2; [email protected] ii EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Columbia Basin Fish and Wildlife Compensation Program (CBFWCP) and BC Hydro Columbia Basin Generation are interested in developing a program to monitor adfluvial bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) populations in the Arrow Lakes Reservoir (ALR) in response to reservoir fertilization and other compensation initiatives. As a first step towards this goal, better information is needed about which tributaries support adfluvial bull trout populations in the Arrow Lakes Reservoir (ALR), and the relative contribution of these tributaries to reservoir recruitment. Over a three-year period from 2004-2006 we evaluated night snorkeler counts and redd surveys as tools for monitoring the abundance of juvenile and adult bull trout, respectively, in ALR tributaries, and attempted to identify tributary reaches in the ALR that contributed significantly to overall production. We also included rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) in our evaluation of snorkeler counts, and as part of our distribution and abundance study. Mark-recapture data indicated that nighttime snorkeler counts, when calibrated, can provide accurate and reasonably precise estimates of bull trout and rainbow trout parr abundance in non-glacial tributaries. Snorkeling efficiency was relatively high for both bull trout (q = 49%; 95% confidence interval = 40%-57%) and rainbow trout (q = 72%; 95% CI = 61%-83%). -
The Cariboo and Monashee Ranges of British Columbia: an Alpinist’S Guide
1 THE CARIBOO AND MONASHEE RANGES OF BRITISH COLUMBIA: AN ALPINIST’S GUIDE by EARLE R. WHIPPLE Even today, British Columbia is still a wilderness of mountains, valleys, glaciers, forest and plateau. The Columbia Mountains (Interior Ranges; which include the Cariboo and Monashee Ranges) lie within British Columbia, west of the Canadian Rockies and the southern Alberta-British Columbia border. This guide describes the access and mountaineering in these two ranges. Aside from parts of the Coast Range and the northern Rockies, the Cariboo and Monashee Ranges are the most isolated in B.C. However, if one listens to the helicopters from the lodges in these ranges, when camped there, one may question this. Large, active glaciers (now in retreat) with spectacular icefalls exist in the mountains of the western part of the Halvorson Group, the northern Wells Gray Group, the Premier Ranges, the Dominion Group and northern Scrip Range; there is climbing on rock, snow and ice, and routes for those climbers wishing easy, relaxing climbing in beautiful scenery. Good rock climbing on gneiss is in the southern Gold Range and Mt. Begbie in the north. There are also locales offering fine hiking on trails or alpine meadows (Halvorson Group, southern Wells Gray Group, southern Scrip Range, and the Shuswap Group), and backpacking traverses have been worked out through the Halvorson and Dominion Groups, the Scrip Range and the Gold Range. Beautiful lake districts exist in the northern Cariboos, and the Monashees. The area covered by this book starts northwest of the town of McBride, on Highway 16, southeast of Prince George, and extends south to near the border with the U.S.A., staying within the great bend of the Fraser River, and then west of Canoe Reach (lake; formerly Canoe River) and just west of the lower Columbia River south of its great bend. -
Planning Avalanche Defence Works for the Trans-Canada Highway at Rogers Pass, B.C. Schaerer, P
NRC Publications Archive Archives des publications du CNRC Planning avalanche defence works for the Trans-Canada Highway at Rogers Pass, B.C. Schaerer, P. A. This publication could be one of several versions: author’s original, accepted manuscript or the publisher’s version. / La version de cette publication peut être l’une des suivantes : la version prépublication de l’auteur, la version acceptée du manuscrit ou la version de l’éditeur. Publisher’s version / Version de l'éditeur: Engineering Journal, 45, 3, pp. 31-38, 1962-05-01 NRC Publications Record / Notice d'Archives des publications de CNRC: https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/view/object/?id=aa939b6c-659a-4f88-b6d4-3c009044f55e https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/voir/objet/?id=aa939b6c-659a-4f88-b6d4-3c009044f55e Access and use of this website and the material on it are subject to the Terms and Conditions set forth at https://nrc-publications.canada.ca/eng/copyright READ THESE TERMS AND CONDITIONS CAREFULLY BEFORE USING THIS WEBSITE. L’accès à ce site Web et l’utilisation de son contenu sont assujettis aux conditions présentées dans le site https://publications-cnrc.canada.ca/fra/droits LISEZ CES CONDITIONS ATTENTIVEMENT AVANT D’UTILISER CE SITE WEB. Questions? Contact the NRC Publications Archive team at [email protected]. If you wish to email the authors directly, please see the first page of the publication for their contact information. Vous avez des questions? Nous pouvons vous aider. Pour communiquer directement avec un auteur, consultez la première page de la revue dans laquelle son article a été publié afin de trouver ses coordonnées. -
Bears and Man in Glacier National Park, British Columbia, 1880-1980
PANEL 5: BEARS AND HUMAN BEINGS Bears and Man in Glacier National Park, British Columbia, 1880-1980 JOHN S. MARSH Depa~~tment0.f Geograplzy , Uniuel-sit!' of Calgary ,Albe~ta INTRODUCTION Work on the topic discussed in this paper stems from more general research on recreation development and planning in Glacier National Park, 1 but I think it is independently justified in several ways. First, Glacier Park is an increas- ingly valuable ecological resource that continues to be a stronghold of the grizzly bear, a species markedly diminished over much of its former range. Secondly, Glacier is also an increasingly important national recreation area. Sound management of the park as an ecological and recreational resource can only be achieved if the bear/man relationship pertaining there is fully under- stood. Thirdly, the time period 1880-1980 provides a considerable time per- spective on the problem. The white man's invasion of the area began in 1881; hence by starting then one can assess the nature and degree of man's impact on the primeval landscape and its components, such as bears, in the cumula- tive long term. The work is projected to 1980 because it is felt that certain positive actions can, and should, be implemented very soon if the resource values outlined are to be safeguarded. Finally, there is a dearth of information available for interpretive and educational programmes in the park. FOCUS OF INTEREST In my work on the man/bear relationship in Glacier Park I am concentrating on three main areas of interest. First, park visitor behavior and attitudes re- garding bears; second, park resident behavior and attitudes; and third, Parks Branch policies and actions. -
Determining Annual Cryosphere Storage Contributions to Streamflow Using Historical Hydrometric Records
Determining annual cryosphere storage contributions to streamflow using historical hydrometric records Brahney, Janicea*, Menounos, Brianb, Wei, Adama, Curtis, Paul Jeffersona a Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of British Columbia, Okanagan. Kelowna, BC V1V 1V7, Canada, [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] b Geography Program and Natural Resources and Environmental Studies Institute, University of Northern British Columbia, Prince George, BC V6T 1Z9, Canada. [email protected] *Corresponding Author, [email protected], 435-797-4479 Current Address: Department of Watershed Sciences, Utah State University, Logan UT, 84322, USA 1 Abstract Alpine glaciers and perennial snow fields are important hydrologic elements in many mountain environments providing runoff during the late summer and during periods of drought. Because relatively long records of glacier mass-balance data are absent from many glacierized catchments, it remains unclear to what extent shrinking perennial snow and glaciers have affected runoff trends from these watersheds. Here we employ a hydrograph separation technique that uses a double mass curve in an attempt to isolate changes in runoff due to glacier retreat and disappearance of perennial snow. The method is tested using hydrometric data from 20 glacierized and 16 non-glacierized catchments in the Columbia Basin of Canada. The resulting estimates on cryosphere storage contribution to streamflow were well correlated to other regional estimates based on measurements as well as empirical and mechanistic models. Annual cryosphere runoff changed from +19 to -55% during the period 1975-2012, with an average decline of 26%. For August runoff, these changes ranged from +17 to -66%, with an average decrease of 24%. -
An Environmental History of the Construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway
Tracks, Tunnels and Trestles: An Environmental History of the Construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway by Heather Anne Longworth B.A., Acadia University, 2007 A Thesis Submitted in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of MASTER OF ARTS in the Department of History © Copyright Heather Anne Longworth, 2009. University of Victoria All rights reserved. This thesis may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without the permission of the author. ii Tracks, Tunnels and Trestles: An Environmental History of the Construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway by Heather Anne Longworth B.A., Acadia University, 2007 Supervisory Committee Dr. Richard Rajala, Supervisor (Department of History) Dr. Eric Sager, Departmental Member (Department of History) iii Supervisory Committee Dr. Richard Rajala, Supervisor (Department of History) Dr. Eric Sager, Departmental Member (Department of History) Abstract The construction of the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) was not a conquest of man over nature as some historians have suggested and the driving of the last spike did not cement that victory. By studying the CPR from an environmental perspective, it becomes obvious that the relationship between the people and the environment in the mountains was two- fold: workers had an effect on the environment through fires, deforestation, excavation, and blasting, and the environment likewise had an effect on workers through the hardships of weather, challenging terrain, avalanches, and floods. Shortcuts, such as steep grades and wooden bridges, taken by the CPR throughout construction to save money and time, as well as the poor route choice, had unintended consequences for the operation of the railway. -
Pope & Talbot's Road Building Efforts Frustrated by Protesters and Mother
September 14, 2005 The Valley Voice Volume 14, Number 18 September 14, 2005 Delivered to every home between Edgewood, Kaslo & South Slocan. Published bi-weekly. “Your independently-owned regional community newspaper serving the Arrow Lakes, Slocan & North Kootenay Lake Valleys.” Pope & Talbot’s road building efforts frustrated by protesters and Mother Nature by Jan McMurray rare plant species and lichens; and doing a good job. Management has spoke more about the decision to Argenta who wrote a report in 2003 If the protesters can’t keep the habitat for the red-listed mountain changed significantly over the last defer work in the upper valley. calling for Goal 2 protection for the logging crews out, then Mother caribou, blue-listed wolverine, few years and it will continue to do “We’re negotiating with the Ministry upper Incomappleux River Valley, Nature will. The day after protesters grizzly bear and bull trout. The valley, so. We are probably the most of Agriculture and Lands on that pointed out in an interview that the cleared the road in the Incomappleux which is in the Interior Wetbelt or progressive company in the southern one,” he said. “Based on the higher Mountain Caribou Project report River Valley, a rock slide came down Inland Rainforest of BC, was province when it comes to the level plan, we could be in there. There ‘“Staring at Extinction” states that and blocked access. described as “a generally rare forest caribou. Our planning is based on are approved blocks in there, but we P&T is the largest destroyer of habitat For the first eight days of type of global significance” in a brief scientific, statistically sound research. -
“…Willingness to Obey the Rules…”
Canadian Pacific Railway Ingenuity. British Columbia Interior Service Area Time Table 51 Effective at 1200 Thursday February 6, 2003 Pacific Standard Time “…willingness to obey the rules…” Pat Pender Vice President Transportation/Field Operations Dave Sissons Assistant Vice President Transportation Mike Franczak General Manager Operations, Field Operations Time Table No 51 – February 6, 2003 Vision, mission, values and goals are all requirements for a successful company. They are the description of where the company is headed, when we will know we are there, and how employees will work together towards Vision reaching our destination. Every company has them, even if they are not always written down, or displayed on a computer screen. Mission CPR employees have diverse jobs and carry out a wide variety of activities each day. They work in hundreds of locations across North America. The Values Company’s vision, mission, values and goals are intended to provide the foundation of the purpose of CPR. They are designed to help all of us, regardless of location or job activity, understand where we are headed as Goals a company. When all employees know our values, our vision, our mission and our goals, our company and each one of us will likely be more successful. Vision Values Drive for Results - positive We will be the preferred business In all our relationships we will results for individuals, groups partner in rail-based transportation demonstrate our steadfast and the company services. commitment to: • We share a sense of urgency and passion for excellence in the Mission Integrity/Trust - honesty, achievement of high quality reliability, a positive belief in results.