A Morphological Cladistic Analysis of Olacaceae
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MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN RESEARCHER DISCOVERS NEW GENUS Finding New Genus Rare in Modern Plant Taxonomy
Date: October 15, 2010 MISSOURI BOTANICAL GARDEN RESEARCHER DISCOVERS NEW GENUS Finding New Genus Rare in Modern Plant Taxonomy (ST. LOUIS): An article published in the October issue of the Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden describes a new genus of tree of the Aptandraceae family, a group that is related to the sandalwoods (order Santalales). The genus, which has been given the name Hondurodendron , is endemic to Honduras and means “tree of Honduras.” In the article, “Hondurodendron, a New Monotypic Genus of Aptandraceae from Honduras,” lead author Dr. Carmen Ulloa, associate curator at the Missouri Botanical Garden, and co-authors Dr. Daniel L. Nickrent, Southern Illinois University-Carbondale, Dr. Caroline Whitefoord, The Natural History Museum in London, and Dr. Daniel L. Kelly, Trinity College in Dublin, describe the genus as a tree about 40-feet-tall, with minute male and female flowers less than 2 mm (1/8 inch) wide, borne respectively on separate plants. The tiny stamens have rather unusual anthers opening by three valves. The fruit measures 2 cm (1 inch) across; it is tightly wrapped by the calyx which enlarges greatly as the fruit matures and eventually may even project beyond as a flared limb. The authors named the single species known of this genus as Hondurodendron urceolatum with the Latin specific epithet meaning “shaped like a pitcher or urn” because of the striking form of the fruit. The first specimens of this genus were collected by Kelly and a team of researchers and students during a plot-based survey of the forest vegetation of Parque Nacional El Cusuco in northwest Honduras in 2004 and 2006. -
"Santalales (Including Mistletoes)"
Santalales (Including Introductory article Mistletoes) Article Contents . Introduction Daniel L Nickrent, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois, USA . Taxonomy and Phylogenetics . Morphology, Life Cycle and Ecology . Biogeography of Mistletoes . Importance of Mistletoes Online posting date: 15th March 2011 Mistletoes are flowering plants in the sandalwood order that produce some of their own sugars via photosynthesis (Santalales) that parasitise tree branches. They evolved to holoparasites that do not photosynthesise. Holopar- five separate times in the order and are today represented asites are thus totally dependent on their host plant for by 88 genera and nearly 1600 species. Loranthaceae nutrients. Up until recently, all members of Santalales were considered hemiparasites. Molecular phylogenetic ana- (c. 1000 species) and Viscaceae (550 species) have the lyses have shown that the holoparasite family Balano- highest species diversity. In South America Misodendrum phoraceae is part of this order (Nickrent et al., 2005; (a parasite of Nothofagus) is the first to have evolved Barkman et al., 2007), however, its relationship to other the mistletoe habit ca. 80 million years ago. The family families is yet to be determined. See also: Nutrient Amphorogynaceae is of interest because some of its Acquisition, Assimilation and Utilization; Parasitism: the members are transitional between root and stem para- Variety of Parasites sites. Many mistletoes have developed mutualistic rela- The sandalwood order is of interest from the standpoint tionships with birds that act as both pollinators and seed of the evolution of parasitism because three early diverging dispersers. Although some mistletoes are serious patho- families (comprising 12 genera and 58 species) are auto- gens of forest and commercial trees (e.g. -
Ethnobotanical Study on Wild Edible Plants Used by Three Trans-Boundary Ethnic Groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu’Er, Southwest China
Ethnobotanical study on wild edible plants used by three trans-boundary ethnic groups in Jiangcheng County, Pu’er, Southwest China Yilin Cao Agriculture Service Center, Zhengdong Township, Pu'er City, Yunnan China ren li ( [email protected] ) Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0810-0359 Shishun Zhou Shoutheast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Liang Song Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Intergrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Ruichang Quan Southeast Asia Biodiversity Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences & Center for Integrative Conservation, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Huabin Hu CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences Research Keywords: wild edible plants, trans-boundary ethnic groups, traditional knowledge, conservation and sustainable use, Jiangcheng County Posted Date: September 29th, 2020 DOI: https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-40805/v2 License: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. Read Full License Version of Record: A version of this preprint was published on October 27th, 2020. See the published version at https://doi.org/10.1186/s13002-020-00420-1. Page 1/35 Abstract Background: Dai, Hani, and Yao people, in the trans-boundary region between China, Laos, and Vietnam, have gathered plentiful traditional knowledge about wild edible plants during their long history of understanding and using natural resources. The ecologically rich environment and the multi-ethnic integration provide a valuable foundation and driving force for high biodiversity and cultural diversity in this region. -
Vol: Ii (1938) of “Flora of Assam”
Plant Archives Vol. 14 No. 1, 2014 pp. 87-96 ISSN 0972-5210 AN UPDATED ACCOUNT OF THE NAME CHANGES OF THE DICOTYLEDONOUS PLANT SPECIES INCLUDED IN THE VOL: I (1934- 36) & VOL: II (1938) OF “FLORA OF ASSAM” Rajib Lochan Borah Department of Botany, D.H.S.K. College, Dibrugarh - 786 001 (Assam), India. E-mail: [email protected] Abstract Changes in botanical names of flowering plants are an issue which comes up from time to time. While there are valid scientific reasons for such changes, it also creates some difficulties to the floristic workers in the preparation of a new flora. Further, all the important monumental floras of the world have most of the plants included in their old names, which are now regarded as synonyms. In north east India, “Flora of Assam” is an important flora as it includes result of pioneering floristic work on Angiosperms & Gymnosperms in the region. But, in the study of this flora, the same problems of name changes appear before the new researchers. Therefore, an attempt is made here to prepare an updated account of the new names against their old counterpts of the plants included in the first two volumes of the flora, on the basis of recent standard taxonomic literatures. In this, the unresolved & controversial names are not touched & only the confirmed ones are taken into account. In the process new names of 470 (four hundred & seventy) dicotyledonous plant species included in the concerned flora are found out. Key words : Name changes, Flora of Assam, Dicotyledonus plants, floristic works. -
Evolutionary History of Floral Key Innovations in Angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes
Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Elisabeth Reyes To cite this version: Elisabeth Reyes. Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms. Botanics. Université Paris Saclay (COmUE), 2016. English. NNT : 2016SACLS489. tel-01443353 HAL Id: tel-01443353 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01443353 Submitted on 23 Jan 2017 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. NNT : 2016SACLS489 THESE DE DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITE PARIS-SACLAY, préparée à l’Université Paris-Sud ÉCOLE DOCTORALE N° 567 Sciences du Végétal : du Gène à l’Ecosystème Spécialité de Doctorat : Biologie Par Mme Elisabeth Reyes Evolutionary history of floral key innovations in angiosperms Thèse présentée et soutenue à Orsay, le 13 décembre 2016 : Composition du Jury : M. Ronse de Craene, Louis Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux d’Édimbourg M. Forest, Félix Directeur de recherche aux Jardins Rapporteur Botaniques Royaux de Kew Mme. Damerval, Catherine Directrice de recherche au Moulon Président du jury M. Lowry, Porter Curateur en chef aux Jardins Examinateur Botaniques du Missouri M. Haevermans, Thomas Maître de conférences au MNHN Examinateur Mme. Nadot, Sophie Professeur à l’Université Paris-Sud Directeur de thèse M. -
GYNOECEUM MORPHOLOGY, EMBRYOLOGY and SYSTEMATIC POSITION of the GENUS ERYTHROPALUM by FOLKE FAGERLIND. Introduction the Genus Er
Fagerlind F. 1946. Gynöceummorphologische, embryologie und systematische stellung der gattung Erythropalum. Svensk Botanisk Tidskrift 40: 9-14. GYNOECEUM MORPHOLOGY, EMBRYOLOGY AND SYSTEMATIC POSITION OF THE GENUS ERYTHROPALUM BY FOLKE FAGERLIND. Introduction The genus Erythropalum has been described by BLUME (1826). He included it in the family Cucurbitaceae. Later, systematists have placed the genus in different plant families. Part of them considered it to be a member of its own family, Erythropalaceae. The views on the position of the genus or family are shown in the following summary: 1. The family is completely alone (PLANCHON 1854). 2. The genus belongs to Cucurbitaceae (BLUME 1826, DE CANDOLLE 1828, HASSKAHL 1848). 3. The family joins Cucurbitaceae, Passifloreae and Papayaceae (MIQUEL 1855). 4. The genus belongs to Olacaceae (ARNOTT 1838, BENTHAM and HOOKER 1862, VALETON 1886, ENGLER 1889, KOORDERS 1912, RIDLEY 1922, MERRIL 1923). 5. The family joins Olacaceae (VAN TIEGHEM 1896, 1897, GAGNEPAIN 1910, LECOMTE 1907-1912). 6. The genus is related to Vitis (BAILLON 1892, he made Vitis the tribe Viteae and Erythropalum the tribe Erythropaleae and summarized together these two tribes and Olacaceae, Santalaceae, Loranthaceae and others in the family Loranthaceae). 7. The genus is brought together with various Olacaceae, Opiliaceae and Icacinaceae to form a family that is placed in the neighborhood of families that are today classified in Therebinthales and Celastrales (MASTERS 1872-75). 8. The family joins Icacinaceae (GAGNEPAIN 1910, LECOMTE 1907-1912, SLEUMER 1935, 1942). In Buitenzorg's botanical garden a few individuals of Erythropalum scandens BLUME grow. During my stay in Java (1938), I collected material from them in order, if possible, to gain clarity about the correct position of the genus in the system by examining the gynoecium, the ovule, and the megagametophytes. -
Written Report on a Joint AGS/Merlin Trust Funded Trip Charlotte Reynolds Merlin 607 30Th November – 16Th December 2013
Alpine Adventures in Argentina: In search of Violas Written report on a Joint AGS/Merlin Trust Funded Trip Charlotte Reynolds Merlin 607 30th November – 16th December 2013 Charlotte Reynolds 1 Contents Introduction - page 3 Day by day log - page 4 Monday 2nd December – Laguna Blanca - page 4 Tuesday 3rd December – Laguna del Burro & Rahue Pass - page 6 Wednesday 4th December – Primeros Pinos - page 8 Thursday 5th December - Volcan Batea Mahuida - page 9 Friday 6th December - Rio Litran - page 11 Saturday 7th December – Copahue - page 12 Sunday 8th December – Salta del Agrio & Cascada del Agrio - page 13 Monday 9th December - Cordon del Cajon Chico - page 14 Tuesday 10th December - Chos Malal - page 15 Wednesday 11th December – Tromen National Park - page 15 Thursday 12th December - Cerro Wayle -page 16 Friday 13th December - Lagunas Epu Lauquen - page 17 Plant family index – page 19 Violas - page 19 Trees and shrubs – page 23 Cushions - page 33 Bulbs - page 38 Orchids - page 42 Cactus – page 43 Wetland - page 45 Perennials – page 50 Conclusion – page 64 Charlotte Reynolds 2 Introduction & Background The Alpine Garden Society ran this tour to Northern Patagonia led by Martin Sheader, an expert in flora of the area. Patagonia is a region in the far south of South America which is divided between Chile and Argentina. We toured the Argentine Patagonian province Neuquen travelling around Zapala, Villa Pehuenia, Caviahue and Chos Malal. The landscape in these areas was dry, grassland steppes in the main. However we also saw a wide-range of micro-habitats, due to the different localised conditions. For instance, boggy wetlands caused by snow melt, shady cliff faces, Auracaria forest floors, rocky crevices and pumice-covered cliffs to name a few. -
Okoubaka Aubrevillei (Pelleg & Norman): a Synthesis of Existing Knowledge for Research and Conservation in West and Central Africa
Journal of Biology and Life Science ISSN 2157-6076 2015, Vol. 6, No. 1 Okoubaka Aubrevillei (Pelleg & Norman): A Synthesis of Existing Knowledge for Research and Conservation in West and Central Africa Temitope Israel Borokini1,2 1Plant Genetic Resources Unit, National Center for Genetic Resources and Biotechnology (NACGRAB), Ibadan, Nigeria 2Program in Ecology, Evolution and Conservation Biology, College of Science, University of Nevada Reno, Reno NV 89557-0314. E-mail: [email protected] Received: October 4, 2014 Accepted: October 21, 2014 doi:10.5296/jbls.v6i1.6399 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jbls.v6i1.6399 Abstract Okoubaka aubrevillei is the largest parasitic plant known to man. It is a tropical tree species distributed within West and Central Africa. Concerns were drawn to the tree because of its rarity, disjunct distribution in all its native range, paucity of published scientific information and its hemi-parasitic potentials. This article gathered and synthesized all existing scientific information on the tree to provide a solid foundation for further research on the tree. This article provided detailed information on its name etymology, taxonomic history, and geographical distribution including new locations for the tree, ecological significance and behaviour within its range, supported with an updated map illustrating its distribution within West and Central Africa. The possible causes of its rarity in its range were identified and its hemi-parasitic behaviour was hypothesized. In addition, ethnobotanical uses of the tree, symbolism and dendrolatry, and its significance in modern medicine were extensively discussed. The paper concluded with highlights on prospects for immediate conservation, management and research focus areas for the tree species. -
Uses of Wild Edible Plants in Quara District, Northwest Ethiopia
Tebkew et al. Agric & Food Secur (2018) 7:12 https://doi.org/10.1186/s40066-018-0163-7 Agriculture & Food Security RESEARCH Open Access Uses of wild edible plants in Quara district, northwest Ethiopia: implication for forest management Mekuanent Tebkew*, Yohannis Gebremariam, Tadesse Mucheye, Asmamaw Alemu, Amsalu Abich and Dagim Fikir Abstract Background: Wild edible plants are of crucial importance in all parts of the world in supporting global food basket (about one billion people) on a daily basis. They are means of survival for rural communities, especially during times of drought, famine, shocks and risks. This study assessed wild edible plants, uses, management practices and their threats in Quara district. It further investigates the implication of wild edible plants utilization for forest management. Methods: Structured and semi-structured questionnaire interview, focus group discussion, rapid market survey and informants guided fled walks were used to collect data in three purposively selected administrative Kebeles. A total of ninety-four randomly selected sample households were interviewed for data collection. Both quantitative and qualita- tive data analyses were made. Descriptive and regression analysis were made to analyze the data using SPSS version 16.0. Results: The area harbors a total of 36 wild edible plants. In addition to food values, these plants provide diverse benefts to the local community including income, fuel wood, fencing, construction, medicine and fodder. Adansonia digitata L., Ziziphus spina-christi Willd, Ximenia Americana L., Tamarindus indica L. and Balanites aegyptiaca L. were highly cited species by respondents. WEPs were threatened by anthropogenic factors including fre, agricultural expansion, deforestation, free grazing, fuel wood and construction. -
Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 5. Early Diverging Superasteridae
Evolution of Angiosperm Pollen. 5. Early Diverging Superasteridae (Berberidopsidales, Caryophyllales, Cornales, Ericales, and Santalales) Plus Dilleniales Author(s): Ying Yu, Alexandra H. Wortley, Lu Lu, De-Zhu Li, Hong Wang and Stephen Blackmore Source: Annals of the Missouri Botanical Garden, 103(1):106-161. Published By: Missouri Botanical Garden https://doi.org/10.3417/2017017 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.3417/2017017 BioOne (www.bioone.org) is a nonprofit, online aggregation of core research in the biological, ecological, and environmental sciences. BioOne provides a sustainable online platform for over 170 journals and books published by nonprofit societies, associations, museums, institutions, and presses. Your use of this PDF, the BioOne Web site, and all posted and associated content indicates your acceptance of BioOne’s Terms of Use, available at www.bioone.org/ page/terms_of_use. Usage of BioOne content is strictly limited to personal, educational, and non- commercial use. Commercial inquiries or rights and permissions requests should be directed to the individual publisher as copyright holder. BioOne sees sustainable scholarly publishing as an inherently collaborative enterprise connecting authors, nonprofit publishers, academic institutions, research libraries, and research funders in the common goal of maximizing access to critical research. EVOLUTION OF ANGIOSPERM Ying Yu,2 Alexandra H. Wortley,3 Lu Lu,2,4 POLLEN. 5. EARLY DIVERGING De-Zhu Li,2,4* Hong Wang,2,4* and SUPERASTERIDAE Stephen Blackmore3 (BERBERIDOPSIDALES, CARYOPHYLLALES, CORNALES, ERICALES, AND SANTALALES) PLUS DILLENIALES1 ABSTRACT This study, the fifth in a series investigating palynological characters in angiosperms, aims to explore the distribution of states for 19 pollen characters on five early diverging orders of Superasteridae (Berberidopsidales, Caryophyllales, Cornales, Ericales, and Santalales) plus Dilleniales. -
Danielly Da Silva Lucena1,4,6, Edlley Pessoa2,3 & Marccus Alves1,5
Rodriguésia 72: e01762019. 2021 http://rodriguesia.jbrj.gov.br DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860202172044 Original Paper Olacaceae and Schoepfiaceae in eastern Northeast Brazil Danielly da Silva Lucena1,4,6, Edlley Pessoa2,3 & Marccus Alves1,5 Abstract This study provides descriptions, identification key and illustrations of diagnostic characters, as well as comments on the distribution and habitat of species of Olacaceae and Schoepficeae occurring in the eastern portion of northeastern Brazil, this area includes the states of Alagoas, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco and Rio Grande do Norte. The morphological descriptions are based on samples collected during field expeditions (2017-2019) and analysis of herbarium specimens. Were recorded five species in four genera belonging to the family Olacaceae (Cathedra rubricaulis, Dulacia gardneriana, Heisteria ovata, H. perianthomega and Ximenia americana) and one of Schoepfiaceae (Schoepfia brasiliensis), these species occur mainly in Atlantic Forest domain (Lowland and Montane Forests) are also registered in Caatinga and Cerrado domains. The distribution of D. gardneriana and H. perianthomega was expanded, to the states of Rio Grande do Norte and Paraíba, respectively. The main vegetative characters useful for specific delimitation are presence/absence of armed branches, petiole dorso-ventrally flattened or cylindrical and nerves impressed or flat on the adaxial surface. The presence/absence of staminodes, of a pubescent ovary and hypogynous disc, as well as floral pedicel size and diameter of accrescent calyx in fruits, are the most important reproductive characters for species determination. Key words: Atlantic Forest, Caatinga, flora, Santalales, taxonomy. Resumo Este estudo fornece descrições, chave de identificação e ilustrações dos caracteres diagnósticos, bem como, comentários sobre distribuição e habitat, para espécies de Olacaceae e Schoepfiaceae que ocorrem na porção oriental do Nordeste do Brasil, essa área inclui os estados de Alagoas, Ceará, Paraíba, Pernambuco e Rio Grande do Norte. -
Hondurodendron, a New Monotypic Genus of Aptandraceae From
HONDURODENDRON, Carmen Ulloa Ulloa,2 Daniel L. Nickrent,3 A NEW MONOTYPIC GENUS Caroline Whitefoord,4 and Daniel L. Kelly5 OF APTANDRACEAE FROM HONDURAS1 ABSTRACT Hondurodendron C. Ulloa, Nickrent, Whitef. & D. Kelly, a new monotypic genus endemic to Honduras, is here described and illustrated. The new species, H. urceolatum C. Ulloa, Nickrent, Whitef. & D. Kelly, is a dioecious tree, distinguished by its minute flowers borne on densely tomentose inflorescences, unique anthers opening by three valves, and a characteristic fruit totally enveloped by the accrescent calyx, which projects beyond the fruit. A molecular analysis based on four genes (nuclear small subunit [SSU] ribosomal DNA [rDNA], chloroplast rbcL, matK, and accD) placed this genus in a clade with Aptandra Miers, Harmandia Pierre ex Baill., Chaunochiton Benth., and Ongokea Pierre in the family Aptandraceae Miers. RESUMEN Se describe e ilustra un nuevo ge´nero monotı´pico Hondurodendron C. Ulloa, Nickrent, Whitef. & D. Kelly ende´mico de Honduras. La nueva especie H. urceolatum C. Ulloa, Nickrent, Whitef. & D. Kelly es un a´rbol dioico, que se distingue por las flores diminutas en inflorescencias densamente tomentosas, las anteras u´nicas que se abren por tres valvas y un fruto caracterı´stico totalmente encerrado por el ca´liz acrescente que se proyecta sobre e´ste. Un ana´lisis molecular con cuatro genes (SSU ADN riboso´mico nuclear, rbcL del cloroplasto, matK y accD) ubica al ge´nero en un clado junto con Aptandra Miers, Harmandia Pierre ex Baill., Chaunochiton Benth. y Ongokea Pierre en la familia Aptandraceae Miers. Key words: Aptandraceae, Cusuco National Park, Honduras, Hondurodendron, IUCN Red List, Olacaceae.