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LA COUVERTURE MÉDIATIQUE DES HOMICIDES INTRAFAMILIAUX Mieux En Comprendre Les Effets LA COUVERTURE MÉDIATIQUE DES HOMICIDES INTRAFAMILIAUX Mieux en comprendre les effets Suzanne Léveillée Michel Tousignant Julie Laforest Pierre Maurice JANVIER 2015 La couverture médiatique des homicides intrafamiliaux Cette publication a été réalisée et produite pour le Conseil de presse du Québec. Elle peut être consultée en ligne à la section « Publications » du site Internet du Conseil de presse du Québec, à l’adresse : conseildepresse.qc.ca Pour tout renseignement au sujet de son contenu : Conseil de presse du Québec 1000, rue Fullum, bureau A.208 Montréal (Québec) H2K 3L7 Tél. : 514 529-2818 Téléc. : 514 873-4434 Dépôt légal Bibliothèque et Archives Canada Bibliothèque et Archives nationales du Québec 1er trimestre 2015 ISBN 978-2-9804192-1-8 (version imprimée) ISBN 978-2-9804192-2-5 (PDF) Toute reproduction est interdite sans l’autorisation du Conseil de presse du Québec i La couverture médiatique des homicides intrafamiliaux AVANT-PROPOS Parmi les événements tragiques qu’un journaliste est appelé à couvrir, les homicides intrafamiliaux figurent parmi les plus sensibles. Explosion brutale issue de l’intimité d'une famille, ces événements provoquent chez les proches des victimes un état de vulnérabilité extrême. Dans ce contexte émotif et volatile, les médias interviennent à chaud, pour relater des faits sensibles pour les personnes touchées et, souvent, pour le public. Cependant, si les médias ne faisaient pas état de ces événements malheureux, qui témoignent de réalités, de problématiques et d’enjeux sociaux importants, la liberté de la presse et le droit à l’information du public seraient compromis. En 2011, le ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux (MSSS) mettait sur pied le Comité d’experts sur les homicides intrafamiliaux (CEHI), afin de réaliser une analyse de l'état de situation de l'ampleur du phénomène au Québec et ailleurs, de dresser le portrait des services offerts et des outils disponibles, de recenser les meilleures pratiques en ce domaine et émettre, le cas échéant, des recommandations pour y faire face. Dans son rapport déposé en octobre 2012, le CEHI relevait que plusieurs intervenants avaient noté l’importance de sensibiliser davantage les médias à la manière de traiter de tels événements et souligné les effets importants que génère leur médiatisation, sur les proches des victimes et les communautés. La recommandation du CEHI de poursuivre les travaux de sensibilisation des médias découle de cette préoccupation. Afin de donner suite à cette recommandation, le ministre de la Santé et des Services sociaux a invité le Conseil de presse du Québec (CPQ) à documenter les effets du traitement médiatique des homicides intrafamiliaux. Une aide financière du MSSS a permis au CPQ de solliciter l'expertise d'un comité d’étude formé de quatre chercheurs, soutenu par un comité aviseur. En plus de la recension de la littérature sur le sujet, les chercheurs ont caractérisé le traitement journalistique des homicides intrafamiliaux au Québec, de 2007 à 2012. Les résultats obtenus par le comité d’étude militent en faveur de l'observation du principe de précaution par les journalistes. Cela n'implique pas de ne plus traiter de ces tragédies, mais bien de le faire avec prudence, discernement, circonspection et respect. Ainsi, les travaux du comité d'étude donnent une nouvelle résonnance à ces principes de la déontologie journalistique et ouvrent la voie à une réflexion éthique sur la responsabilité sociale des médias. S'appuyant sur les résultats préliminaires du comité d'étude, le CPQ a amorcé, en avril 2014, un travail de réflexion, par la tenue d'un forum rassemblant représentants de la presse, experts, intervenants et proches de victimes. La rencontre et le dialogue entre ces univers sont un premier pas vers la sensibilisation à la délicate conjugaison de la liberté de presse et de la santé publique. Le CPQ accueille par ailleurs la présente étude comme un tremplin pour de futures initiatives de formation auprès des journalistes et des directions de la rédaction des médias, en matière de couverture de la violence en général. Paule Beaugrand-Champagne, présidente du CPQ iii La couverture médiatique des homicides intrafamiliaux Auteurs et membres du comité d'étude Suzanne Léveillée, professeure à l’Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières (UQTR), Département de psychologie, coordonnatrice du comité d’étude Michel Tousignant, professeur associé à l'Université du Québec à Montréal (UQAM), membre du Centre de recherche sur le suicide et l'euthanasie (CRISE) Julie Laforest, conseillère scientifique, prévention de la violence, Sécurité et prévention des traumatismes, Institut national de santé publique du Québec (INSPQ) Pierre Maurice, chef d’unité scientifique, Sécurité et prévention des traumatismes, INSPQ Comité aviseur Janie Houle, professeure au département de psychologie à l’Université du Québec à Montréal, membre du CRISE Alain Lesage, psychiatre, professeur titulaire à l’Université de Montréal et codirecteur du Réseau québécois de recherche sur le suicide Gilles Tremblay, professeur à l'École de service social de l'Université Laval, responsable de l’équipe Masculinités et Société Guy Paquette, professeur à la retraite du Département d’information et de communication de l’Université Laval, cofondateur du Groupe de recherche sur la violence dans les médias Alain Saulnier, professeur à l'Université de Montréal et ex-directeur de l'information à Radio-Canada Jacques Rhéaume, conseiller en orientation et coordination à la recherche, Direction de la recherche, de l'innovation et du transfert des connaissances, Direction générale de la planification, de la performance et de la qualité, MSSS Émilie Rochette, Agente de recherche et de planification socioéconomique, Direction des services sociaux généraux et des activités communautaires, Direction générale des services sociaux, MSSS Stéphane Ruel, agent de recherche et de planification socioéconomique, Direction de la prévention et de la promotion de la santé, Direction générale de la santé publique, MSSS Guy Amyot, secrétaire général, Conseil de presse du Québec Nathalie Villeneuve, chargée de projets et analyste, Conseil de presse du Québec Geneviève Fortin, chargée de projets et analyste, Conseil de presse du Québec v Rapport sur l’analyse de la couverture médiatique dans la presse écrite des cas d’homicides familiaux au Québec de 2007 à 2012 Autres collaborations Ginette Martel, coordonnatrice de la Mission universitaire dans le secteur social et de l'Offre de services sociaux généraux, Direction générale des services sociaux, MSSS Michel Lavallée, coordonnateur du dossier de la santé et du bien-être des hommes, Direction de la planification et des orientations stratégiques, MSSS Claude Giroux, responsable des recherches en communication, Direction des communications, MSSS Dominique Gagné, professionnelle de recherche, unité Sécurité et prévention des traumatismes, INSPQ Responsable du projet et aide à la rédaction Nathalie Villeneuve, chargée de projets et analyste, Conseil de presse du Québec Assistantes de recherche Natacha Normandin, candidate, D.Ps. UQTR Lysianne Touchette, candidate, D.Ps. UQTR Mise en page Florence Niquet, agente administrative, INSPQ Étude subventionnée par Ministère de la Santé et des Services sociaux (MSSS) ! vii! La couverture médiatique des homicides intrafamiliaux REMERCIEMENTS Nous tenons à remercier le CPQ et le MSSS pour nous avoir offert la possibilité d’effectuer cette recherche. Leur soutien et leur expertise ont été grandement appréciés tout au long du processus. L'expertise variée et les conseils éclairants des membres du comité aviseur ont été précieux à diverses étapes, notamment lors de rencontres élargies en août 2013 et janvier 2014. Nous les en remercions. Un merci particulier au Bureau du coroner du Québec, qui a permis l'accès aux dossiers pertinents à la production de ce présent rapport. Nous soulignons la contribution des participants (journalistes, intervenants, experts, représentantes de proches de victimes) au forum de discussion tenu à Montréal le 9 avril 2014 et remercions l'équipe du CPQ pour l'organisation et l'animation. Soulignons également la collaboration ponctuelle de professionnels du MSSS et de l'INSPQ à la réalisation de cette étude. Enfin, gardons en tête les familles affligées par les homicides intrafamiliaux ainsi que le travail si important de prévention dans ce domaine. Le comité d’étude ix La couverture médiatique des homicides intrafamiliaux TABLE DES MATIERES Avant-propos .............................................................................................................................................. iii! Remerciements ........................................................................................................................................... ix! Table des matières ...................................................................................................................................... xi! Sommaire exécutif ..................................................................................................................................... xv! L’objet de l’étude ........................................................................................................................................ xv! Les objectifs ................................................................................................................................................ xv! La méthode ................................................................................................................................................
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