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Maturity, Growth and Natural Mortality Rate of the Introduced Fish

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Maturity, Growth and Natural Mortality Rate of the Introduced Fish Original Article Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 2020, vol. 32, e29 https://doi.org/10.1590/S2179-975X2820 ISSN 2179-975X on-line version Maturity, growth and natural mortality rate of the introduced fish Parachromis managuensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in the semiarid region of Brazil Maturidade, crescimento e taxa de mortalidade natural do peixe introduzido Parachromis managuensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) na região semiárida do Brasil Amanda Graziele Araújo Resende1,2* , Elton José de França3 , Cícero Diogo Lins de Oliveira1,2 and Francisco Marcante Santana1,2 1 Laboratório de Dinâmica de Populações Aquáticas – DAQUA, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada – UAST), Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – UFRPE, Avenida Gregório Ferraz Nogueira, s/n, José Tomé de Souza Ramos, CEP: 56909-535, Serra Talhada, PE, Brasil 2 Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Conservação – PGBC, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada – UAST, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – UFRPE, Avenida Gregório Ferraz Nogueira, s/n, José Tomé de Souza Ramos, CEP: 56909-535, Serra Talhada, PE, Brasil 3 Laboratório de Ecologia e Sistemática de Peixes – LAESP, Unidade Acadêmica de Serra Talhada – UAST, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco – UFRPE, Avenida Gregório Ferraz Nogueira, s/n, José Tomé de Souza Ramos, CEP: 56909-535, Serra Talhada, PE, Brasil *e-mail: [email protected] Cite as: Resende, A.G.A. et al. Maturity, growth and natural mortality rate of the introduced fish Parachromis managuensis (Perciformes: Cichlidae) in the semiarid region of Brazil. Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 2020, vol. 32, e29. Abstract: Aim: The present study aimed to estimate the sexual maturity, growth and mortality rates of the jaguar guapote, Parachromis managuensis, an introduced fish species in the Brazilian semiarid region. Methods: Specimens were collected between December 2015 and November 2016, in a dam at Serra Talhada municipality, Pernambuco, where the species was abundant. Results: In total, 520 individuals were analyzed, with total lengths (TL) varying between 23 and 240 mm. Length at sexual maturity varied between 130.87 and 140.68 mm TL (Mean = 135.78 mm TL). Through the modal progression of monthly frequency distributions, the following growth parameters were obtained -1 according to the von Bertalanffy model:L ∞ = 341.40 mm, k = 0.840 and t0 = -0.035 year . Ages varied from 0.05 to 1.41 year, and an age at first maturity between 0.48 and 0.53 year (Mean = 0.51 year), with the largest part of the sample (72.64%) made of adult individuals. Natural mortality rates (M) were estimated from three different methods, varying between 1.53 and 3.04, with a mean of 2.27. Conclusions: P. managuensis shows fast growth and maturation and high natural mortalities, which grants it biological advantages when compared to native species from the same trophic level in the area. Keywords: Jaguar Guapote; Northeastern Brazil; length-weight relationship; age structure. Resumo: Obietivo: O presente estudo teve como objetivo estimar a maturidade sexual, o crescimento e as taxas de mortalidade do peixe introduzido na região do semiárido brasileiro, o jaguar guapote, Parachromis managuensis. Métodos: Os exemplares foram coletados entre os meses de Dezembro de 2015 e Novembro de 2016, em um açude do município de Serra Talhada, Pernambuco, onde a espécie é abundante. Resultados: Um total de 520 indivíduos foram analisados, This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. 2 Resende, A.G.A. et al. com comprimentos totais (CT) que variaram entre 23 e 240 mm. O comprimento de maturação sexual variou entre 130,87 e 140,68 mm CT (Média = 135,78 cm CT). Através da progressão modal das distribuições de frequência mensais, foram obtidos os seguintes parâmetros de crescimento -1 segundo o modelo de von Bertalanffy:L ∞ = 341,40 mm, k = 0,840 e t0 = -0,035 ano . As idades variaram entre 0,05 a 1,41 ano, com uma idade de primeira maturação entre 0,48 e 0,53 ano (Média = 0,51 ano), sendo a maior parte da amostra (72,64%) formada por indivíduos adultos. Taxas de mortalidade natural (M) foram estimadas à partir de três diferentes métodos, e variaram entre 1,53 e 3,04, com uma média de 2,27. Conclusão: P. managuensis possui crescimento e maturação rápida e altas mortalidades naturais, o que lhe dá vantagens biológicas em relação a espécies nativas do mesmo nível trófico na área. Palavras-chave: Jaguar Guapote; Nordeste do Brasil; relação peso-comprimento; estrutura etária. 1. Introduction establish itself and cause ecological damages to native species. Among the anthropic actions, the introduction The caatinga is a biome exclusive of Brazil and of non-native species has led to ecological significant part of this biological heritage is found only in events, biological invasions, which can affect Northeast of country. It is a heterogeneous biome, biodiversity from the genetic to the landscape level with great diversity of fauna and flora, and with (Vitule, 2009; Vitule & Prodocimo, 2012). These a high degree of endemism of species. Despite its species introductions and translocations are among biological importance, the caatinga still has a low the main adversities that affect freshwater fish priority and insufficiency in terms of scientific conservation, since non-native species compete for studies (Leal et al., 2005). The Caatinga although space and food. Therefore, they cause imbalances in exhibiting a dry climate, harbors many springs, such ecological niches, altering the food chain dynamics as lakes, dams and rivers, where a large diversity of and, consequently, nutrient transfer (Collares- species dwells. Studies on this diversity revealed Pereira & Cowx, 2004; Amador et al., 2009). that the semiarid region has 386 fish species, out of In Brazil, several non-native fish species which 371 are native, 203 are considered endemic have been reported in different environments to the ecoregions where the Caatinga occurs, (Bittencourt et al., 2014; Gubiani et al., 2018; 15 are introduced from other basins, and 33 are Patoka et al., 2018). Among these species is the threatened at some level (Lima et al., 2017). This jaguar guapote, Parachromis managuensis (Gunther, fact demonstrates the urgency of studies that clarify 1867), a member of the Cichlidae Family. Native to the biological consequences of non-native species to the rivers of Central America, between Honduras and native and endemic species in this region, which is Costa Rica (Bussing, 2002), it has been introduced already in need of studies and has been extensively in many countries, such as Brazil (Agasen et al., devastated. 2006; Rosana et al., 2006; Barros et al., 2012; In this context, studies that contribute to the Hamiyati et al., 2019), including the Northeastern knowledge on population dynamics of non-native semiarid, where species introduction may have been fishes aid in the development of risk analyses for accidental (França et al., 2017; Ramos et al., 2018). these species. Thus, studies on age and growth are P. managuensis is widely distributed in Brazil, with important to subsidize data on species population reports of its use in pisciculture, fish stocking and dynamics, since information regarding age structure aquarium activities (Barbosa et al., 2006; Magalhães of a fish population favours the interpretation & Jacobi, 2010; Barros et al., 2012). This species is of growth and survival variability, enabling described as potentially invasive, displaying a series the comprehension of factors that condition of key characteristics such as fast maturity, resistance recruitment success (Jones, 1992). For these reasons, to environmental changes, besides displaying this study aimed to determine the population a territorial aggressive behavior, with a mainly parameters of sexual maturity, growth and natural piscivorous carnivorous diet (Agasen et al., 2006; mortality rates of P. managuensis in a reservoir of Barbosa et al., 2006), which can make it successful the Brazilian semiarid region. in competition with native fishes. For these reasons, it is listed on the invasive species database 2. Material and Methods of the Inter-American Biodiversity Information The study site is at the Brazilian semiarid region, Network (2019). For these reasons, given adequate with shows particularities, such as the high spatial environmental conditions, P. managuensis can and temporal variation in precipitation, high Acta Limnologica Brasiliensia, 2020, vol. 32, e29 Maturity, growth and natural mortality rate of the introduced fish... 3 evapotranspiration potential, a deficit in water gonad macroscopic analyses, that were performed balance, and deciduous vegetable cover known to identify specimens sex and maturity (young as “Caatinga” (Barbosa et al., 2012; Moura et al., or adults), according to maturity scale for fishes 2007). Sampling took place at the Saco I dam, with described by Vazzoler (1996). These information a water capacity of 36 million m3, located at the allowed to estimate the length at which 50% of Serra Talhada municipality, in the sertão mesoregion individuals are adults (L50) according to the equation −−a*( TL L ) of Pernambuco state. The study site belongs to the by King (1995): P1=/ 1e + x 50 , where P is the Pajeú river basin, considered the state’s largest, with proportion of adult individuals per total length (TL) an area of 16685.53 km3 and an intermittent river class and ax is the equation parameter. regime (APAC, 2018). The second method used to determine length Specimens of P. managuensis (Figure 1) were at sexual maturity was a polyphasic model collected monthly at the Saco I dam, from divided in two stanzas, in which each stanza December 2015 to November 2016, with the use describes by a power function. The length-weight of 1.5 and 2.2m cast nets with mesh openings relationship and a logistic function for the a and b from 15 to 20 mm, and 5 – 30m trawl nets with parameters of Huxley (1924) was used to describe a 5mm mesh.
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