Geogenetic Patterns in Mouse Lemurs (Genus Microcebus)
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The Evolution of the Lepilemuridae-Cheirogaleidae Clade
The evolution of the Lepilemuridae-Cheirogaleidae clade By Curswan Allan Andrews Submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Faculty of SCIENCE at the NELSON MANDELA UNIVERSITY Promoters Prof. Judith C. Masters Dr. Fabien G.S. Génin Prof. Graham I.H. Kerley April 2019 1 i Dedication To my mothers’ Cecelia Andrews & Johanna Cloete ii DECLARATION FULL NAME: Curswan Allan Andrews STUDENT NUMBER: 214372952 QUALIFICATION: Doctor of Philosophy DECLARATION: In accordance with Rule G5.6.3, I hereby declare that the above-mentioned thesis is my own work and that it has not previously been submitted for assessment to another University or for another qualification. Signature ________________ Curswan Andrews iii ABSTRACT The Lepilemuridae and the Cheirogaleidae, according to recent molecular reconstructions, share a more recent common ancestor than previously thought. Further phylogenetic reconstructions have indicated that body size evolution in this clade was marked by repeated dwarfing events that coincided with changes in the environment. I aimed to investigate the morphological implications of changes in body size within the Lepilemur-cheirogaleid clade, testing four predictions. Together with Dr. Couette, I collected data on the overall palate shape and predicted that shape is likely to be influenced by several factors including phylogeny, body size and diet. Geometric morphometric analyses revealed that, although a strong phylogenetic signal was detected, diet had the major effect on palate shape. In a similar vein, when examining the arterial circulation patterns in these taxa, I predicted that changes in body size would result in changes and possible reductions in arterial size, particularly the internal carotid artery (ICA) and stapedial artery (SA). -
September Gsat 03
to use properties of the relict landscape The non-equilibrium landscape of the to characterize paleorelief. While elevation changes in the Sierra Nevada bear directly on several litho- southern Sierra Nevada, California spheric-scale geodynamic processes proposed for the western Cordillera, the Marin K. Clark, Gweltaz Maheo, Jason Saleeby, and Kenneth A. Farley, California elevation history of the range remains Institute of Technology, MS 100-23, Pasadena, California 91125, USA, mclark@gps. hotly debated. Several studies argue caltech.edu for an increase in range elevation in late Cenozoic time. Sedimentary evi- ABSTRACT Gubbels et al., 1993; Sugai and Ohmori, dence suggests that an increase of up The paleoelevation of the Sierra 1999; Clark et al., 2005) as in “type” to 2 km since 10 Ma has occurred due Nevada, California, is important to steady-state orogens such as Taiwan. to block faulting and westward tilting our understanding of the Cenozoic These low-relief landscapes are inter- of the range (Le Conte, 1880; Huber, geodynamic evolution of the North preted as paleolandscapes (or relict 1981; Unruh, 1991; Wakabayashi and America–Pacific plate boundary, landscapes) that preserve information Sawyer, 2001). Similarly, Stock et al. and the current debate is fueled by about erosional processes, erosion rate, (2004, 2005) document accelerated river data that argue for conflicting eleva- and relief related to past tectonic and incision between 2.7 and 1.4 Ma in the tion histories. The non-equilibrium climatic conditions. Kings River canyon, which they relate or transient landscape of the Sierra Landscape response to external forc- to a tectonically driven increase in mean Nevada contains information about ing is largely controlled by the behavior elevation. -
Petition to List the Relict Leopard Frog (Rana Onca) As an Endangered Species Under the Endangered Species Act
BEFORE THE SECRETARY OF INTERIOR PETITION TO LIST THE RELICT LEOPARD FROG (RANA ONCA) AS AN ENDANGERED SPECIES UNDER THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT CENTER FOR BIOLOGICAL DIVERSITY SOUTHERN UTAH WILDERNESS ALLIANCE PETITIONERS May 8, 2002 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The relict leopard frog (Rana onca) has the dubious distinction of being one of the first North American amphibians thought to have become extinct. Although known to have inhabited at least 64 separate locations, the last historical collections of the species were in the 1950s and this frog was only recently rediscovered at 8 (of the original 64) locations in the early 1990s. This extremely endangered amphibian is now restricted to only 6 localities (a 91% reduction from the original 64 locations) in two disjunct areas within the Lake Mead National Recreation Area in Nevada. The relict leopard frog historically occurred in springs, seeps, and wetlands within the Virgin, Muddy, and Colorado River drainages, in Utah, Nevada, and Arizona. The Vegas Valley leopard frog, which once inhabited springs in the Las Vegas, Nevada area (and is probably now extinct), may eventually prove to be synonymous with R. onca. Relict leopard frogs were recently discovered in eight springs in the early 1990s near Lake Mead and along the Virgin River. The species has subsequently disappeared from two of these localities. Only about 500 to 1,000 adult frogs remain in the population and none of the extant locations are secure from anthropomorphic events, thus putting the species at an almost guaranteed risk of extinction. The relict leopard frog has likely been extirpated from Utah, Arizona, and from the Muddy River drainage in Nevada, and persists in only 9% of its known historical range. -
Ecosystem Profile Madagascar and Indian
ECOSYSTEM PROFILE MADAGASCAR AND INDIAN OCEAN ISLANDS FINAL VERSION DECEMBER 2014 This version of the Ecosystem Profile, based on the draft approved by the Donor Council of CEPF was finalized in December 2014 to include clearer maps and correct minor errors in Chapter 12 and Annexes Page i Prepared by: Conservation International - Madagascar Under the supervision of: Pierre Carret (CEPF) With technical support from: Moore Center for Science and Oceans - Conservation International Missouri Botanical Garden And support from the Regional Advisory Committee Léon Rajaobelina, Conservation International - Madagascar Richard Hughes, WWF – Western Indian Ocean Edmond Roger, Université d‘Antananarivo, Département de Biologie et Ecologie Végétales Christopher Holmes, WCS – Wildlife Conservation Society Steve Goodman, Vahatra Will Turner, Moore Center for Science and Oceans, Conservation International Ali Mohamed Soilihi, Point focal du FEM, Comores Xavier Luc Duval, Point focal du FEM, Maurice Maurice Loustau-Lalanne, Point focal du FEM, Seychelles Edmée Ralalaharisoa, Point focal du FEM, Madagascar Vikash Tatayah, Mauritian Wildlife Foundation Nirmal Jivan Shah, Nature Seychelles Andry Ralamboson Andriamanga, Alliance Voahary Gasy Idaroussi Hamadi, CNDD- Comores Luc Gigord - Conservatoire botanique du Mascarin, Réunion Claude-Anne Gauthier, Muséum National d‘Histoire Naturelle, Paris Jean-Paul Gaudechoux, Commission de l‘Océan Indien Drafted by the Ecosystem Profiling Team: Pierre Carret (CEPF) Harison Rabarison, Nirhy Rabibisoa, Setra Andriamanaitra, -
PALEONTOLOGICAL TECHNICAL REPORT: 6Th AVENUE and WADSWORTH BOULEVARD INTERCHANGE PHASE II ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, CITY of LAKEWOOD, JEFFERSON COUNTY, COLORADO
PALEONTOLOGICAL TECHNICAL REPORT: 6th AVENUE AND WADSWORTH BOULEVARD INTERCHANGE PHASE II ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT, CITY OF LAKEWOOD, JEFFERSON COUNTY, COLORADO Prepared for: TEC Inc. 1746 Cole Boulevard, Suite 265 Golden, CO 80401 Prepared by: Paul C. Murphey, Ph.D. and David Daitch M.S. Rocky Mountain Paleontology 4614 Lonespur Court Oceanside, CA 92056 303-514-1095; 760-758-4019 www.rockymountainpaleontology.com Prepared under State of Colorado Paleontological Permit 2007-33 January, 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1.0 SUMMARY............................................................................................................................. 3 2.0 INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................... 4 2.1 DEFINITION AND SIGNIFICANCE OF PALEONTOLOGICAL RESOURCES........... 4 3.0 METHODS .............................................................................................................................. 6 4.0. LAWS, ORDINANCES, REGULATIONS AND STANDARDS......................................... 7 4.1. Federal................................................................................................................................. 7 4.2. State..................................................................................................................................... 8 4.3. County................................................................................................................................. 8 4.4. City..................................................................................................................................... -
The Case of Phylogenetic Relict Species
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Crossref What Is the Meaning of Extreme Phylogenetic Diversity? The Case of Phylogenetic Relict Species Philippe Grandcolas and Steven A. Trewick Abstract A relict is a species that remains from a group largely extinct. It can be identifi ed according both to a phylogenetic analysis and to a fossil record of extinc- tion. Conserving a relict species will amount to conserve the unique representative of a particular phylogenetic group and its combination of potentially original char- acters, thus lots of phylogenetic diversity. However, the focus on these original char- acters, often seen as archaic or primitive, commonly brought erroneous ideas. Actually, relict species are not necessarily old within their group and they can show as much genetic diversity as any species. A phylogenetic relict species can be geo- graphically or climatically restricted or not. Empirical studies have often shown that relicts are at particular risks of extinction. The term relict should not be used for putting a misleading emphasis on remnant or isolated populations. In conclusion, relict species are extreme cases of phylogenetic diversity, often endangered and with high symbolic value, of important value for conservation. Keywords Geological extinction • Genetic diversity • Species age • Endemism • Remnant Introduction Why does phylogenetic diversity (or evolutionary distinctiveness) dramatically matter for biodiversity conservation? The answer to this question fi rst posed by Vane-Wright et al. ( 1991 ) and Faith ( 1992 ) is often illustrated with examples of P. Grandcolas (*) Institut de Systématique, Evolution, Biodiversité, ISYEB – UMR 7205 CNRS MNHN UPMC EPHE, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle , Sorbonne Universités , 45 rue Buffon , CP 50 , 75005 Paris , France e-mail: [email protected] S.A. -
World's Most Endangered Primates
Primates in Peril The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2016–2018 Edited by Christoph Schwitzer, Russell A. Mittermeier, Anthony B. Rylands, Federica Chiozza, Elizabeth A. Williamson, Elizabeth J. Macfie, Janette Wallis and Alison Cotton Illustrations by Stephen D. Nash IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG) International Primatological Society (IPS) Conservation International (CI) Bristol Zoological Society (BZS) Published by: IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), Bristol Zoological Society (BZS) Copyright: ©2017 Conservation International All rights reserved. No part of this report may be reproduced in any form or by any means without permission in writing from the publisher. Inquiries to the publisher should be directed to the following address: Russell A. Mittermeier, Chair, IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group, Conservation International, 2011 Crystal Drive, Suite 500, Arlington, VA 22202, USA. Citation (report): Schwitzer, C., Mittermeier, R.A., Rylands, A.B., Chiozza, F., Williamson, E.A., Macfie, E.J., Wallis, J. and Cotton, A. (eds.). 2017. Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2016–2018. IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), and Bristol Zoological Society, Arlington, VA. 99 pp. Citation (species): Salmona, J., Patel, E.R., Chikhi, L. and Banks, M.A. 2017. Propithecus perrieri (Lavauden, 1931). In: C. Schwitzer, R.A. Mittermeier, A.B. Rylands, F. Chiozza, E.A. Williamson, E.J. Macfie, J. Wallis and A. Cotton (eds.), Primates in Peril: The World’s 25 Most Endangered Primates 2016–2018, pp. 40-43. IUCN SSC Primate Specialist Group (PSG), International Primatological Society (IPS), Conservation International (CI), and Bristol Zoological Society, Arlington, VA. -
Doctorat De L'université De Toulouse
En vue de l’obt ention du DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE Délivré par : Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier (UT3 Paul Sabatier) Discipline ou spécialité : Ecologie, Biodiversité et Evolution Présentée et soutenue par : Joeri STRIJK le : 12 / 02 / 2010 Titre : Species diversification and differentiation in the Madagascar and Indian Ocean Islands Biodiversity Hotspot JURY Jérôme CHAVE, Directeur de Recherches CNRS Toulouse Emmanuel DOUZERY, Professeur à l'Université de Montpellier II Porter LOWRY II, Curator Missouri Botanical Garden Frédéric MEDAIL, Professeur à l'Université Paul Cezanne Aix-Marseille Christophe THEBAUD, Professeur à l'Université Paul Sabatier Ecole doctorale : Sciences Ecologiques, Vétérinaires, Agronomiques et Bioingénieries (SEVAB) Unité de recherche : UMR 5174 CNRS-UPS Evolution & Diversité Biologique Directeur(s) de Thèse : Christophe THEBAUD Rapporteurs : Emmanuel DOUZERY, Professeur à l'Université de Montpellier II Porter LOWRY II, Curator Missouri Botanical Garden Contents. CONTENTS CHAPTER 1. General Introduction 2 PART I: ASTERACEAE CHAPTER 2. Multiple evolutionary radiations and phenotypic convergence in polyphyletic Indian Ocean Daisy Trees (Psiadia, Asteraceae) (in preparation for BMC Evolutionary Biology) 14 CHAPTER 3. Taxonomic rearrangements within Indian Ocean Daisy Trees (Psiadia, Asteraceae) and the resurrection of Frappieria (in preparation for Taxon) 34 PART II: MYRSINACEAE CHAPTER 4. Phylogenetics of the Mascarene endemic genus Badula relative to its Madagascan ally Oncostemum (Myrsinaceae) (accepted in Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society) 43 CHAPTER 5. Timing and tempo of evolutionary diversification in Myrsinaceae: Badula and Oncostemum in the Indian Ocean Island Biodiversity Hotspot (in preparation for BMC Evolutionary Biology) 54 PART III: MONIMIACEAE CHAPTER 6. Biogeography of the Monimiaceae (Laurales): a role for East Gondwana and long distance dispersal, but not West Gondwana (accepted in Journal of Biogeography) 72 CHAPTER 7 General Discussion 86 REFERENCES 91 i Contents. -
Spiny Forest Heterogeneity: Implications for Regeneration and Its Detection
Spiny Forest Heterogeneity: Implications for Regeneration and its Detection Catherine Reuter Advisor: Jules Ramangalahy Academic Director: Jim Hansen Spring 2009 1 Acknowledgements I would like to thank Barry Ferguson for helping me originate the idea for this project and for innumerable resources from compasses to aerial maps. I would also like to thank Christian, translator and invaluable field assistant, without whose innovative thinking and possibly photographic memory this project would not of succeeded. 2 Table of Contents Section Page 88 Acknowledgements ________________________________________________ 2 Abstract __________________________________________________________ 4 Introduction _______________________________________________________ 5 Methods __________________________________________________________ 7 Results ___________________________________________________________ 12 Discussion ________________________________________________________ 17 Conclusion ________________________________________________________ 26 Appendix 1: Comprehensive Species List ________________________________ 27 Appendix 2: FTM 1954 Map of Forest Cover _____________________________ 30 Sources Cited _______________________________________________________ 31 3 ABSTRACT This study sought to verify claims made in a recently published paper by Thomas Elmqvist that certain portions of Madagascar’s spiny forest are rapidly regenerating. The study took place in the forest around the village of Manavy located in Central Antandroy, where historical and current -
The Touch of Nature Has Made the Whole World Kin: Interspecies Kin Selection in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora
SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry Digital Commons @ ESF Honors Theses 2015 The Touch of Nature Has Made the Whole World Kin: Interspecies Kin Selection in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora Laura E. Jenkins Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/honors Part of the Animal Law Commons, Animal Studies Commons, Behavior and Ethology Commons, Environmental Studies Commons, and the Human Ecology Commons Recommended Citation Jenkins, Laura E., "The Touch of Nature Has Made the Whole World Kin: Interspecies Kin Selection in the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora" (2015). Honors Theses. 74. https://digitalcommons.esf.edu/honors/74 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Digital Commons @ ESF. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ ESF. For more information, please contact [email protected], [email protected]. 2015 The Touch of Nature Has Made the Whole World Kin INTERSPECIES KIN SELECTION IN THE CONVENTION ON INTERNATIONAL TRADE IN ENDANGERED SPECIES OF WILD FAUNA AND FLORA LAURA E. JENKINS Abstract The unequal distribution of legal protections on endangered species has been attributed to the “charisma” and “cuteness” of protected species. However, the theory of kin selection, which predicts the genetic relationship between organisms is proportional to the amount of cooperation between them, offers an evolutionary explanation for this phenomenon. In this thesis, it was hypothesized if the unequal distribution of legal protections on endangered species is a result of kin selection, then the genetic similarity between a species and Homo sapiens is proportional to the legal protections on that species. -
An Invasive Species Spread by Threatened Diurnal Lemurs Impacts Rainforest Structure in Madagascar
Biol Invasions https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02293-7 (0123456789().,-volV)( 0123456789().,-volV) ORIGINAL PAPER An invasive species spread by threatened diurnal lemurs impacts rainforest structure in Madagascar Camille M. M. DeSisto . Daniel S. Park . Charles C. Davis . Veronarindra Ramananjato . Jadelys L. Tonos . Onja H. Razafindratsima Received: 19 December 2019 / Accepted: 5 June 2020 Ó Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2020 Abstract Invasive species are a major threat to unexplored. By surveying multiple sites across Mada- biodiversity and ecosystem function. Thus, under- gascar’s eastern rainforests, we demonstrate that the standing their spread and ecological impacts is critical introduction of P. cattleianum significantly correlates for management and control. Strawberry guava (Psid- with changes in forest structure—namely tree/shrub ium cattleianum Sabine) is an aggressive invader size, taxonomic richness, and taxonomic diversity. across the tropics and has been rapidly spreading Further, at a local scale, the presence of P. cattleianum throughout the eastern rainforests of Madagascar. was associated with an increase in frugivore species However, both the mechanisms of its spread on the richness; its primary dispersers during our study island and the consequences of its invasion on native period were lemurs. Moreover, we identified species- floral and faunal communities remain largely specific effects of lemur gut-passage on the germina- tion of P. cattleianum seeds. Finally, microsatellite analysis of P. cattleianum from a variety of locations Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (https://doi.org/10.1007/s10530-020-02293-7) con- across Madagascar demonstrated three distinct, highly tains supplementary material, which is available to authorized differentiated, genetic population clusters, each with users. -
Mouse Lemurs' and Degraded Habitat
bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/216382; this version posted November 8, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 1 Mouse lemurs’ use of degraded habitat 2 Running head: Mouse lemurs use degraded habitat 3 Simon KNOOPi,ii*, Lounès CHIKHIi,iii,iv, Jordi SALMONAi,iii,iv* 4 i Instituto Gulbenkian de Ciencia, Rua da Quinta Grande 6, P-2780-156 Oeiras, Portugal. 5 ii Geographisches Institut, Universiät Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany 6 iii CNRS, Université Paul Sabatier, ENFA, UMR 5174 EDB (Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique), 7 Toulouse, France 8 iv Université de Toulouse, UMR 5174 EDB, Toulouse, France 9 * Corresponding authors: 10 Simon Knoop: Email: [email protected] 11 Jordi Salmona: Email: [email protected] 12 bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/216382; this version posted November 8, 2017. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC 4.0 International license. 13 RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS 14 Little differences in the use of degraded forest (DF) between forest types, distribution 15 ranges or conservation status. 16 Varying factors potentially affecting DF use, such as food resources, forest structure, tree 17 hole availability and predation. 18 19 ABSTRACT 20 Madagascar is known for its unique biodiversity including its endemic primates, the lemurs.