DOCSLIB.ORG

SPAN 5300/7300: José De Acosta and the Making of Colonial Peru Prof

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
SPAN 5300/7300: José De Acosta and the Making of Colonial Peru Prof SPAN 5300/7300: José de Acosta and the Making of Colonial Peru Prof. Andrés Prieto Horas de oficina: MWF, 11-12 Arguably the most influential ecclesiastical figure in sixteenth-century Spanish America, José de Acosta's political and intellectual activities make him an ideal figure to explore the making and implementation of colonial policies. Born in 1540, two years before the official recognition of the Society of Jesus by Pope Paul III and seven years after the execution of Atahualpa, Acosta lived in a rapidly changing world. His public life coincided almost exactly with the reign of Philip II (1556-1598), a fateful period that saw the consolidation of Spanish colonial rule over most of South America, but also the diminishing of the influence Spain exerted over Europe. As a Jesuit, Acosta participated in the explosive expansion of the Society of Jesus and in the crisis and changes in orientation the Jesuits experimented as the order became one of history’s first truly global corporations. The Peru to which he arrived in 1572 was also a changing society. After decades of civil war and weak government officials, Viceroy Francisco de Toledo (1569-1581) was intent on bringing Peru firmly under the control of the Spanish Crown and to turn it into the source of revenue so desperately needed by Spain. Acosta’s role, both as an adviser to the Viceroy and as superior of the Peruvian Jesuits, would be instrumental in the civil and ecclesiastical reorganization of Peru. But if Acosta had left Spain at the zenith of its power to fully immerse himself in his country’s imperial enterprise, things were different on his return to Europe. Acosta returned to Spain in the wake of the crushing defeat suffered by the Spanish Armada, when the country was beginning its long period of decadence and its position as the dominant European power was on the wane. Acosta lived long enough to see Spain fall into default in 1596. By the time he died in 1600, another default was all but inevitably. Although usually hailed as a missionary or a natural philosopher, in this class we will studfy Acosta as an imperial agent. Through detailed attention to his actions and texts, we will see how he became instrumental for the configuration both Peruvian colonial life and the Jesuit order would acquire entering the seventeenth century. Evaluación: Presentación corta: 10% Propuesta: 10% Bibliografía anotada: 10% Trabajo final: 70% Horario tentativo 24 Agosto: Introducción a la clase. Burgaleta, José de Acosta: His Life and Thought. 31 Agosto: Clossey, Salvation and Globalization in the Early Jesuit Missions. 7 Septiembre: Ignacio de Loyola, Ejercicios espirituales; Christopher Van Ginhoven Rey, Instruments of Divinity (selecciones). 14 Septiembre: Monumenta Peruana (selecciones); Cartas de Francisco de Toledo. 21 Septiembre: Monumenta Peruana (selecciones); Cartas de Toledo; Anónimo, Parecer de Yucay; Las Casas, Tratado de las doce dudas. 28 Septiembre: Actas del proceso contra Fray Francisco de la Cruz (selecciones). 5 Octubre: Jennings, "Acosta's Laugh"; Acosta, De Procuranda Indorum Salute (I). 12 Octubre: Acosta, De Procuranda Indorum Salute (II). 19 Octubre: Brewer-García, "Bodies, Texts, and Translators"; Ruan, "Andean Activism and the Reformulation of Mestizo Agency"; Monumenta Peruana, selecciones; Anónimo, De las costumbres antiguas. 26 Octubre: Confessionario para los curas de indios; Doctrina cristiana y catecismo; Durston, Pastoral Quechua (selecciones). 2 Noviembre: Tercero Catecismo; Hosne, Jesuit Missions to China and Peru (selecciones). 9 Noviembre: Acosta, Historia natural y moral de las Indias (I); McCormack, Religion in the Andes (selecciones). Propuestas de trabajo final y bibliografía anotada. 16 Noviembre: Acosta, Historia natual y moral de las Indias (II). 23 Noviembre: FALL BREAK 30 Noviembre: Acosta, "Parecer sobre la guerra de China"; Brockey, Journey to the East (Selecciones); Hosne, Jesuit Missions to China and Peru (selecciones). 7 Diciembre: Presentaciones orales. Entrega de trabajo final. .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 1014. Gobernando Los Andes. Francisco De Toledo Virrey Del Perú
    15 COLECCIÓN ESTUDIOS ANDINOS Colección Estudios Andinos Manfredi Merluzzi es profesor de Historia Moderna en la Gobernando los Andes representa un texto fundamental para entender uno de Università di Roma Tre. Es autor de La pacificazione del 1. Los curacas hechiceros de Jauja. Batallas mágicas los períodos más complejos de la historia del Perú. Nos presenta el gobierno Gobernando los Andes y legales en el Perú colonial Regno. Negoziazione e creazione del consenso nella formazione (1569-1581) de Francisco de Toledo, quizás el virrey más controvertido de la José Carlos de la Puente Luna Merluzzi Francisco de Toledo virrey del Perú (1569-1581) del Perù vicereale (1533-1581) (Roma, 2010) y editor de historia colonial, como parte del esfuerzo que la España de Felipe II hizo por Memoria histórica y gobierno imperial: «Las Informaciones 2. Adivinación y oráculos en el mundo andino Marco Curatola Petrocchi y Mariusz S. Ziołkowski (eds.) centralizar el poder sobre todos sus dominios, tanto americanos como europeos. sobre el origen y descendencia del gobierno de los Incas» (Rosario, 2008). 3. Voces del Ande. Ensayos sobre onomástica andina Toledo se preocupó por establecer formas regulares de obtención de recursos Manfredi Merluzzi Rodolfo Cerrón-Palomino para la metrópoli y vio claramente que, para lograr su propósito, debía poner 4. Los rostros silenciosos. Los huacos retrato de la cultura Moche bajo el más estricto control a la elite nativa, así como reestructurar los patrones Janusz Z. Wołoszyn poblacionales andinos y la misma organización social indígena. Se formalizaron 5. En busca del orden perdido así tanto las reducciones —pueblos-concentraciones de indios que facilitaban la La idea de la Historia en Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala exacción del tributo y el desarrollo de la evangelización— como la mita Juan M.
    [Show full text]
  • Colonial Theodicy and the Jesuit Ascetic Ideal in José De Acosta's
    chapter 6 Colonial Theodicy and the Jesuit Ascetic Ideal in José de Acosta’s Works on Spanish America Bryan Green This chapter aims to demonstrate the centrality of the problem of theodicy in José de Acosta’s (1540–1600) scientific, ethnographic, and historical writings on Spanish America.1 Based on Acosta’s experience as the Jesuit provincial of Peru and his active participation in the political and ecclesiastical reforms initiated under the viceroy Francisco de Toledo (1515–82), these works bear witness to the moral evils running rampant among his fellow Spaniards and the concomi- tant suffering inflicted upon the indigenous population.2 While Acosta recog- nizes the moral evil at the root of Spanish sovereignty, namely greed in the ruthless pursuit of precious metals, his colonial theodicy nevertheless main- tains that this evil is a means to the greater good of the Amerindian’s salvation. In his guidelines for missionary conduct, Acosta offers a response to this ethi- cal impasse through the performance of a distinctly Jesuit ascetic ideal, which 1 This chapter was written at the Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso with the sup- port of a research grant from the Chilean government (fondecyt Iniciación en Investigación no. 11140527, 2014–17). 2 The son of a prosperous merchant from Medina del Campo in Spain, Acosta entered the Society in 1552 and completed the first years of his studies at the Jesuit college in his home- town. Having distinguished himself as a student and grammar teacher in several Jesuit schools throughout Iberia, Acosta moved on to study philosophy and theology at the renowned University of Alcalá de Henares in 1557.
    [Show full text]
  • Francisco De Toledo, Admirador Y Émulo De La «Tiranía» Inca* Jeremy Ravi Mumford Brown University Jeremy [email protected]
    Francisco de Toledo, admirador y émulo de la «tiranía» inca* jeremy ravi mumford Brown University [email protected] RESUMEN El virrey Francisco de Toledo (1569-1581) denostaba y admiraba a los incas al mismo tiempo. Sorprendentemente, alababa y condenaba a la vez diversos aspectos que él identificó en el gobierno de aquellos. Para dar una justificación legal de la conquista española del Tawantinsuyu, Toledo y sus asesores se propusieron demostrar que las prácticas políticas de los incas encajaban con la definición de la tiranía en el derecho castellano, que se basaba en las ideas de Aristóteles y que estaba recogida en las Siete partidas. La tiranía fue definida por elementos específicos: un estado de vigilancia y control, un clima de miedo, la destrucción de la sociedad civil, la nivelación social y el monopolio del Estado sobre el tiempo, el trabajo y la propiedad de sus súbditos. Pero incluso mientras condenaba al Tawantinsuyu por dichas prácticas, Toledo llegó a creer que ellas habían permitido a los incas gobernar bien y crear una sociedad próspera en los Andes. El virrey, conscientemente, emuló los mismos aspectos del régimen del Tawantinsuyu que él invocaba para demostrar que los incas habían sido unos tiranos. Palabras clave: Francisco de Toledo, Tawantinsuyu, tiranía, crónica, siglo XVI * Agradezco a Adriana Soldi por la traducción y a Liliana Pérez Miguel y Felipe Valencia por sus valiosos comentarios. HIsTORICA XXXV.2 (2011): 45-67 / ISSN 0252-8894 46 HIsTORICA XXXV.2 / ISSN 0252-8894 ABSTRACT Viceroy Francisco de Toledo (1569-81) both reviled and admired the Incas. Surprisingly, he identified exactly the same aspects of their rule to praise and to condemn.
    [Show full text]
  • Contrasting Views of Titu Cusi Yupanqui and Pedro Sarmiento De Gamboa
    Were the Incas Natural Lords of Peru? Contrasting views of Titu Cusi Yupanqui and Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa By Katherine Hoyt, Ph.D. Alliance for Global Justice (retired) Prepared for delivery at the 2021 Virtual Meeting of the Western Political Science Association April 3. 2021 Writing in 1570 from the last Inca stronghold of Vilcabamba, the Inca Titu Cusi Yupanqui begins his Relación de la conquista del Perú by saying that he is the grandson of the Inca Huayna Capac and son of Manco Inca Yupanqui, “the natural lords that used to rule these kingdoms and provinces of Peru.”1 The term “natural lords” was used by Spanish philosophers and theologians, including Francisco de Vitoria at the University of Salamanca in Spain, to indicate rulers of hierarchical societies whose subjects accepted their rule. Meanwhile, writing in Cuzco, the Spanish navigator and conquistador Pedro Sarmiento de Gamboa was given the task by Viceroy Francisco de Toledo of proving exactly the opposite: that the Incas were not natural lords of their lands and were, in fact, tyrants. Vitoria had maintained that it was not legitimate to attack societies ruled by their natural lords except in the case of tyranny, protection of innocent people, or self-defense. Titu Cusi makes a special effort to show the devotion of the people to his father Manco Inca and thus prove that he ruled with their support and favor. On the other hand, Sarmiento de Gamboa worked to compile acts of cruelty and tyranny on the part of each Inca ruler in order to prove that the conquest had been justified.
    [Show full text]
  • Charles V (1516–56; D. 1558) Philip Ii (1556–98)
    A PPENDIX 1 V ICEROYS OF P ERU IN THE S IXTEENTH AND S EVENTEENTH C ENTURIES Viceroy (V); Arrived at Paita (P), at Callao (C); Entered under palio (X), without (O) CHARLES V (1516–56; D. 1558) 1534–41 Francisco Pizarro, Marquis, Governor 1541–44 Licentiate Cristóbal Vaca de Castro, Governor 1544–46 Blasco Nuñez de Vela (First V, P, X) 1547–50 Licentiate Pedro de la Gasca, Audiencia President 1550–51 Rule of the Audiencia of Lima 1551–52 Antonio de Mendoza (Second V, P, O) 1552–56 Rule of the Audiencia of Lima PHILIP II (1556–98) 1556–61 Andrés Hurtado de Mendoza, second Marquis of Cañete (Third V, P, X) 1561–64 Diego López de Zuñiga, Count of Nieva (Fourth V, P, X) 1564 Rule of the Audiencia of Lima 1564–69 Licentiate Lópe García Castro, Governor 1569–81 Francisco de Toledo (Fifth V, P, X) 1581–83 Martín Enríquez (Viceroy of New Spain) (Sixth V, C, X) 1583–85 Rule of the Audiencia of Lima 1585–89 Francisco de Torres y Portugal, Count of Villar Don Pardo (Seventh V, P, X) 1589–96 García Hurtado de Mendoza, second Marquis of Cañete (Eighth V, first wife, C, X) 160 Appendix 1 PHILIP III (1598–1621) 1596–1604 Luís de Velasco, Marquis of Salinas (Viceroy of New Spain) (Ninth V, P and C, X) 1604–6 Gaspar de Zúñiga y Acevedo, Count of Monterrey (Viceroy of New Spain) (Tenth V, C, X) 1606–7 Rule of the Audiencia of Lima 1607–15 Juan de Mendoza y Luna, Marquis of Montesclaros (Viceroy of New Spain) (Eleventh V, C, X) 1615–21 Francisco de Borja y Aragón, Prince of Esquilache (Twelfth V, C, X) PHILIP IV (1621–65) 1621–22 Rule of the Audiencia of
    [Show full text]
  • Khipus, Community, and Indigenous Legal Activism in the Early Colonial Andes
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Humanities Commons That Which Belongs to All: Khipus, Community, and Indigenous Legal Activism in the Early Colonial Andes José Carlos de la Puente Luna The Americas, Volume 72, Number 1, January 2015, pp. 19-54 (Article) Published by Cambridge University Press For additional information about this article https://muse.jhu.edu/article/576664 Access provided by Texas State University-San Marcos (8 Jun 2017 21:41 GMT) THE AMERICAS 72:1/January 2015/19–54 COPYRIGHT BY THE ACADEMY OF AMERICAN FRANCISCAN HISTORY doi:10.1017/tam.2014.4 THAT WHICH BELONGS TO ALL: Khipus, Community, and Indigenous Legal Activism in the Early Colonial Andes n recent years, scholars from a variety of fields have advanced the idea that native legal activism worked as one of the most widespread and I effective strategies for the defense of communal assets, political autonomy, and customary law in early colonial Peru. Indigenous claimants, petitioners, and legal intermediaries begin to appear in the historical record just ten years after the initial encounter at Cajamarca in 1532. After embracing Iberian legal culture in the early 1540s, individuals of noble Inca descent began to engage with local and metropolitan courts, preparing letters, reports, petitions, and proofs of services and merit aimed at securing their status within the new order.1 Earlier drafts of this work were presented at the John TePaske Seminar in Colonial Latin American History at Duke University and at the 60th Annual Conference of the Rocky Mountain Council for Latin American Studies in Santa Fe, New Mexico.
    [Show full text]
  • Green [email protected]
    Ministers of Idolatry: The Society of Jesus, the Politics of Conversion, and the War on Indigenous Religious Traditions in Early Seventeenth-Century Peru R. L. Green [email protected] Two views of the Spanish Jesuits dominate the historical literature. One view is that the Jesuits, much like other religious orders of the era, were protectors of Indigenous peoples. As missionaries, Jesuit priests militated for Indigenous human rights against greedy encomenderos (Spanish colonists who had been granted by the Crown ownership of Native bodies and labor) and the corrupt colonial state. A recent articulation of this perspective maintains that “[t]he colonial Jesuits stood out for their defense of Indians and their cultures.”1 The other view The author wishes to thank the anonymous reviewers of JRER, Monique Moultrie, and John Gavin, S.J., for reading early drafts of this article. Research for this article was funded in part by Journal of Race, Ethnicity, and Religion Volume 4, Issue 2 (April 2013) ©Sopher Press (contact [email protected]) Page 1 of 28 reluctantly acknowledges that the Jesuits did occasionally use force against Indigenous peoples but such force was more akin to discipline and only used when absolutely necessary. In support of this view, a historian of the Jesuits, writes: “Brute force was rarely if ever used to change habits of behavior. Only if the custom so clashed with Western mores, such as the practice of human sacrifice in Mexico or the continued worship of idols in Mexico and Peru, and only if Europeans exerted
    [Show full text]
  • The Incas Under Spanish Colonial Institutions
    UC Berkeley UC Berkeley Previously Published Works Title The Incas Under Spanish Colonial Institutions Permalink https://escholarship.org/uc/item/7mm4g75z Journal Hispanic American Historical Review, 37(2) Author Rowe, John H. Publication Date 1957-05-01 Peer reviewed eScholarship.org Powered by the California Digital Library University of California The Incas Under Spanish Colonial Institutions JOHN HOWLAND ROWE* NCA resistance to the Spanish invasion was bitter, obsti­ nate, and frequently effective. Pizarro's expeditionary I force occupied Tumbez in 1532, and it was not until 1539, when the Inca army of Charcas surrendered and Manqo 'Inka retired to Vileabamba, that Spanish control of the country was secure. The story of Inca resistance in this period has never been told in a co­ herent fashion, but it would be perfectly possible to reconstruct it, at least in itf; general outlines, from the records already published. The literatun~ on the conquest is so abundant, however, and the prob­ lems involved so complex, that it would be impractical to attempt to review the subject in a survey of the scope of the present one. Although the year 1539 marks an important turning point in the history of the conquest, armed resistance was not ended. Manqo 'Inka set up a government in exile in the mountain fastnesses of Vileabamba from which he and his successors continued to harass the Spanish conquerors and their native collaborators until 1572. In 1565 the Vileabamba government made an attempt to stir up a large scale rebellion, combining military preparations with a very successful effor't to revi ve faith in Inca religion.
    [Show full text]
  • The Taki Onqoy, Archaism, and Crisis in Sixteenth Century Peru
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by East Tennessee State University East Tennessee State University Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University Electronic Theses and Dissertations Student Works 5-2002 Dead Bones Dancing: The akT i Onqoy, Archaism, and Crisis in Sixteenth Century Peru. SΣndra Lee Allen Henson East Tennessee State University Follow this and additional works at: https://dc.etsu.edu/etd Part of the History Commons Recommended Citation Henson, SΣndra Lee Allen, "Dead Bones Dancing: The akT i Onqoy, Archaism, and Crisis in Sixteenth Century Peru." (2002). Electronic Theses and Dissertations. Paper 642. https://dc.etsu.edu/etd/642 This Thesis - Open Access is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Works at Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Theses and Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Dead Bones Dancing: The Taki Onqoy, Archaism, and Crisis In Sixteenth Century Peru A thesis presented to the faculty of the Department of History East Tennessee State University In partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree Master of Arts in History by Sändra Lee Allen Henson May 2002 Dr. James L. Odom, Chair Dr. Dale J. Schmitt Dr. Sandra M. Palmer Keywords: Taki Onqoy, Archaism, Millenarian Movements, Sixteenth Century Peru ABSTRACT Dead Bones Dancing: The Taki Onqoy, Archaism, and Crisis In Sixteenth Century Peru by Sändra Lee Allen Henson In 1532, a group of Spanish conquistadores defeated the armies of the Inca Empire and moved from plundering the treasure of the region to establishing an imperial reign based on the encomienda system.
    [Show full text]
  • Historia De Una Encomienda
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Revistas Científicas de Filo (Facultad de Filosofía y Letras, UBA - Universidad de Buenos... Jurado, María Carolina. “Fraccionamiento de una encomienda: una mirada desde el liderazgo indígena. Qaraqara, 1540-1569”. Surandino Monográfico, segunda sección del Prohal Monográfico, Vol. II, Nro. 2 (Buenos Aires 2012). ISSN 1851-90914 http://www.filo.uba.ar/contenidos/investigacion/institutos/ravignani/prohal/mono.html FRACCIONAMIENTO DE UNA ENCOMIENDA: UNA MIRADA DESDE EL LIDERAZGO INDÍGENA. QARAQARA, 1540-1569 María Carolina Jurado1 “[Que se averigüen] las parcialidades que hay en la tierra de cada cacique (…) porque si se hubiere de partir el cacique en dos personas, sepamos cómo se ha de dividir”. Francisco Pizarro [1540]2 Resumen La encomienda, merced real que otorgaba al beneficiario el derecho de disfrutar los tributos de un grupo indígena a cambio de ciertas obligaciones, se generalizó rápidamente en el Centro-Surandino luego de la caída del Tawantinsuyu, cimentada en la alianza más o menos forzada con los grandes mallku. El presente trabajo dirige su mirada hacia la jerarquía de autoridades indígenas que viabilizaban una encomienda, mediante la reconstrucción de los vaivenes de un segmento de la encomienda de Gonzalo Pizarro, aquel que contenía la prehispánica Federación Qaraqara – una entidad política que se extendía desde el norte de Potosí hasta el río Pilcomayo, en la frontera con los Chicha (actual Departamento de Tarija, Estado Plurinacional de Bolivia) -, desde su cesión en 1540 hasta fines de la década de 1560. Mediante un estudio de caso concreto, se enfatiza el doble proceso de fraccionamiento de las entidades políticas prehispánicas, por un lado, y de empoderamiento de líderes indígenas de diversa jerarquía, por el otro.
    [Show full text]
  • Apuntes De Historia Del Derecho Peruano. Francisco De Toledo, A
    IUS Doctrina APUNTES DE HISTORIA DEL DERECHO PERUANO. FRANCISCO DE TOLEDO, A CINCO SIGLOS DE SU NACIMIENTO 1515-2015 Freddy Ronald CENTURIÓN GONZÁLEZ RESUMEN Francisco de Toledo es sin duda el gobernante más destacado que tuvo el Virreinato del Perú. Gobernante serio y eficaz, su labor es discutida según la óptica con la que se le enfoque. Bajo el enfoque hispanista, Toledo queda como un legislador eminente, como un civilizador en los Andes peruanos, un Solón peruano. Si se ve con el enfoque indigenista, por el contrario, Toledo sería visto como un gobernante despótico, que destruyó las instituciones indígenas, un tirano en el Perú. El presente artículo busca un acercamiento a tan polémico personaje y a su época al cumplirse el quinto centenario de su nacimiento. PALABRAS CLAVE Derecho indiano / Derecho peruano / Época virreinal / Historia del Derecho SUMARIO Introducción – Toledo, el personaje y su contexto – 1. Los agitados años 1560 – 2. La trayectoria de Toledo – 3. La Junta Magna de 1568 – Toledo, virrey del Perú (1569-1581) – 1. La visita general del Perú – 2. El fortalecimiento de la autoridad virreinal – 3. Las Ordenanzas toledanas – 4. El Regio Patronato, la Inquisición y la Universidad –Apuntes finales – Apéndice: Relación de Revista de Investigación Jurídica de Investigación Revista Ordenanzas. 1 Abogado por la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo. Egresado de la Maestría en Derecho Constitucional y Página Gobernabilidad de la Universidad Nacional Pedro Ruiz Gallo. Docente de Derecho Constitucional e Historia del Derecho en la Facultad de Derecho de la Universidad Católica Santo Toribio de Mogrovejo. ISSN2222-9655 Número 10 IUS Doctrina INTRODUCCIÓN Francisco de Toledo es el más recordado de los cuarenta virreyes que gobernó en el Virreinato del Perú1.
    [Show full text]
  • Garcilaso Y El Caso De La Mala Muerte Del Virrey Toledo*
    Garcilaso y el caso de la mala muerte del virrey Toledo* Garcilaso and the Case of the Evil Death of Viceroy Toledo catherine julien Western Michigan University Garcilaso Inca de la Vega concluye el segundo tomo de los Comentarios reales, publicado en 1617, con cinco capítulos que tratan acerca del gobierno de Francisco de Toledo. Este último, virrey del Perú entre 1569 y 1581, fue conocido principalmente por haber realizado la visita general del virreinato que sentó las bases institucionales de la administración española que duraría hasta fines de la época colonial. Felipe Guaman Poma de Ayala, autor de la misma época que Garcilaso, identificó algunos aspectos de la reforma toledana como responsables de muchos de los males que plagaban la sociedad andina de su tiempo, en particular la reducción de la población indígena a pueblos de tipo español y la introducción de corregidores. El autor de los Comentarios reales, en cambio, no se interesó en la visita: cuatro de los cinco capítulos que dedica a la época toledana se ocupan de la captura y ajusticiamiento de Topa Amaru en el Cuzco.1 * Catherine Julien (1950-2011) dejó este y otros textos en manos de Jeremy Mumford, quien recientemente le hizo llegar esta nota al director de Histórica para su publicación. 1 Se trata de los capítulos XVI-XX de libro octavo de la Historia general. Uso «Inca» con mayúscula en referencia a Topa Amaru, e «inca» o «incas» para los miembros del grupo mayor. HIsTORICA XLI.2 (2017): 169-188 / ISSN 0252-8894 https://doi.org/10.18800/historica.201702.006 170 HIsTORICA XLI.2 / ISSN 0252-8894 Topa Amaru era el hermano menor de Titu Cusi Yupanqui, el inca que gobernó la provincia autónoma de Vilcabamba entre 1559 y 1570.
    [Show full text]