Description of a Multilevel Cryptic New Species of Phyciodes (Nymphalidae: Melitaeinae) from the Southern Appalachian Mountains
Volume 4 25 September 2004 Number 8 The Taxonomic Report OF THE INTERNATIONAL LEPIDOPTERA SURVEY DESCRIPTION OF A MULTILEVEL CRYPTIC NEW SPECIES OF PHYCIODES (NYMPHALIDAE: MELITAEINAE) FROM THE SOUTHERN APPALACHIAN MOUNTAINS. RONALD R. GATRELLE1 126 Wells Road, Goose Creek, South Carolina 29445-3413 ABSTRACT. Phyciodes incognitus is described as a new species from the medium to high elevation hardwood forests of the southern Appalachian Mountains, type locality: Duncan Ridge Road, 3700 ft., Union County, Georgia. P. incognitus is verified from four colonies in Union County, Georgia and Clay and Macon counties, North Carolina. It is projected to range, in suitable habitat, as far north as montane Pennsylvania (indicated by photos). P. incognitus possesses a unique set of character traits that are virtually identical to both Phyciodes tharos and Phyciodes cocyta but at differing character positions – biology, morphology, genitalia, mtDNA, phenology. P. incognitus is multi-brooded and sympatric with P. tharos and P. batesii maconensis. P. incognitus can usually be easily distinguished in the field from sympatric tharos – especially males. Where incognitus ranges north into the range of P. cocyta, it will be difficult to distinguish their females, and many males, except by mtDNA or phenology. A lectotype of marcia Edwards, 1868 is designated from Kanawha River, Kanawha County, WV. P. marcia is a synonym of P. cocyta. The currently known mtDNA data for the tharos-group of taxa is determined to have limited, but specific, usefulness as a taxonomic tool in this group. It is concluded that sibling biological species are present with similar mtDNA. Thus, mtDNA is only useful in this group to determine speciation where taxa have significantly different mtDNA.
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