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Technical Coordin,Ting C9mmi~Tee Rocky Mountain Ski Instructors·A.Sociation

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Technical Coordin,Ting C9mmi~Tee Rocky Mountain Ski Instructors·A.Sociation Technical Coordin,ting C9mmi~tee Rocky Mountain Ski Instructors·A.sociation The Basic Principles and Final Forms ot The American Ski Techniqqe The Final Forms at the A.erican Ski Technique are based upon seven Basic Principles. In order to develop a unitorm'demonstration of the Final Forms, there must nece.sarily be a unitorm understanding of the Basic Principle.. All a •• ic Principle. do not apply to all Finished Forms, nor are they equally important in the proPQr execu­ tion ot the.e ~or... Natural Position is the only principle t~t applies to all Final Forms. Basic PrinCiples - American Ski Technique 1. Natural Position. The primary indication of natural position on skis is that the body be in perfect balance, supported by the bone structure ot the 00411 J:elQ'X' than by muscular effort. All parts of the body must be able to efficiently carry out their skiing ,function.. All joint. should be flexed and in a neutral position, that is to .ay, they should always be capable of either flexing more or ot extending. The hands and arms mU,st be carried in such a manner that they can readily assist balance and be used to plant the poles efficiently. ~hen the skier is in a traverse, orin the process of turning, the necessity to tran.fer weight and edge the .kis .akes angulation a require.ent of natural position. Angulation in turn .ake. it nee•••• r' and natuz.1 to •••u.. • 80derate re­ verse position with the hips and shoulder. 2. Forward Lean. Forward lean may indicate si.ply a body position in which the center of gravity ot the skier is ahead of the feet. The application of forward lean as a basic prinCiple, however, can not be quite this simple. rhe correct application of the forward lean principle in skiing is in regard to forward motion and acceleration. In initiating forward motion, or in crossing the fall 'line in the execution ot a turn, accelera­ tion is involved. It i. in anticipation of, and compensation for, acceleration that the .kier .ust use forward l.an, thus keeping ~,~ ---- '~"'li\¥t4iij? '0142.QJ .S 2 $ . 4 < ~~.,[~.~: a.sic Principles (continu!d) P.Qe 2 his body in balance and maintaining natural position. Since forward lean .pplies only where acceleration i. lnYolved, it is implied that a r.v.r.e application of this principle aust be applied to situations involving deceleration. 3. Angulation. ADgUlation i. the ..an. by which tb. skier con­ trols the edging of his skis and the distribution ot his weight, two of the essential factors in skiing. In a traverse or in a turn, the ski.r l.ans uphill or to the inside of the turn with his lower body causing the skis to edge. At the same time, he leans downhill or to the outside of the turn with his upper body, keeping his weight over the downhill or outside .ki. 4. Weipt kant_, •. 'tM Mati .9f tran.ter of weight fro. ski to ski has always been a basic turning torce in .kttng and is therefore a basie principle of any ski technique. When a ski is edged and displaced at an angle to the ski.r's direction of travel, as in the snowplow or the stem, transfer ot weight to that ski cau.es resistance trom the side and the skier's forward motion to become aD .ff.ctive turning torce. Weight shift is therefore the primary turning force in snowplow and st•• turns. In our techniqu., weight transfer is accomplish.d by change in body position; by angling the upper body over th. ski to which we want to transfer weight. 5. Up UnweiQhting. A quick extension of the skier's body up­ ward results in a light.ning of the skis and a r.duction in the resistance between the skis and the snow. Turning power applied during the unweighting is therefore more eff.ctive. Unweighting starts on the up aotion a. soon a. the ski.r's inertia has been initially overcome. The skis will be lightest at the apex of the up, and the unweighting will continue into the down motion. Unweighting by up motion is desirable because it is coapatible with the n.tur.l down-up-down rhythm of skiing. By reducing .ngulation, th. up .otion .lso results in a r.l •••• ot .dg. and natur.l edge change in the proper relation to the turning of the ski •• ------~~----------- -' a..ic Principle. (continued) Page 3 6. Counter Rotation. A turning torce can be exerted upon the skis by a rotary mav ..entof the body around ita own .xis. Thi. move ..nt can t.ke the torm ot rot.tion in the dir.ction of the intended turn, or couater rot.tion, in the oppo.it. direction. The .... phYlica1 1... c.n be uled to explain the turning of the .ki•••• re.u1t of ....iDOl' o~ed principles only it .nd when we rec09Di- tbe following conaideratiOil. Rot.tion ."It be .topped, or blocked, thus cre.ting • torce in the opposite direction, to baco.. effective turning power. Th. turning ot the skis ia therefore a re."lt of the block, r.ther than the ro­ tation. In count.r rot.tion, the turning ot the .ki. i. the direct equ.l •. nd oppo.it. re.ction to the count.r rot.tion it­ a.lt. It ahould be r.cogni ••d that counter rotation ia not a particu­ larly atroft9 'tUr&t..... _. 'Ia,'" .,.t_t.ive i.D lD.iti.ting a turn., it i •••••nti.l that the skis be mad. practically weight- 1... • Howev.r, once the Iki. have st.rt.d to t .., cOUD~.r rotation is aver, natuzal aDd effective torce in continuing their turning .ction. Th ••pplic.tion of count.r rot.tion .a • ba.ic principle in .odern akiing i. IIOlt .ftectiv. when it ia used in conjunction with .ngul.tion and heelthruat during the r ••weitbtine phal. ot • turn. It convert•• trlight beeltbr.st into. rotary or pivoted b•• ltbruat -- aft i.,oct_nt ~~.iD9 torce in aodern .1I:t,1119. ,.,. ..~.~ ~ " 7. total Mgtion.TOtal .ot10n i., in .ftect, the basic principle that, in akiing, tie. III the other principle. to­ gether • Sverythift9 in all:ii"9 abould be ... alIOOtbly and wi th continuous IIOtioo. !be akier wbo .pplie. correctly the prin­ ciple.. of total .atioa . will eltainat•• tatic position. co.pletely. -' Pap 4 1. StraiAb' S-9"". Ski. are t1at _ , ....lI0II ... clo.e to­ getHI' • Weigbt i. ...11, dl.,.:lbute4 .Dd ,.. body i. pel'pendf.cul.1' to .....lope. u...• tdd.e., IcDeU .nd tor.o 'I'e .1iGhtly 11..ed. Tecbnica1 A'Pa1r.i. - AaliQ"&ee 01 "'1.9 PEW'II •• Natur.l Po.itlon i. ,btl .., ...10 ~iltOipl. in Itraight RunDift9 • • iraM to......... toa .. iIl-..., aM ,be ...-"""" ot .oc.l..... 'ion exi.t., '"!"Bect We ••t be cOftllid... .cs '0 • 1 ••••1' de.,...e. Na o!berBa,lc PZ&gott'e, tpp!l. a. Downhill Tr.va:. ec•• lll9.be .1opt, .Ile ild. '1'. on their uphill era ... 01... ........ • Nor. _igb' i. Oft 'b. downbil1 .kl. !be ~ill .ki. ~lp and .bould.r ar• • ligb,1, adv.~ aM the upper body i. a",led over tbe -'-"',Mi.", r!d!!&~alA"lI!" - MI.hI":" " ..,IS '!!""'tt' Na'ural 'i aDd "",.tl.. a.:... .., ...(e. hi_ipl.. le .. 'havel".. _I' I" D _t .,. coui.. " in tbe .... de~.. a. ia Stl'.i9b' Rueaiag. appli•• indirectly, .inee i' .., have occnar:rM ......0 .._. pc:opec _'.' di.tributioe. No O'MI' !I'io PEI"I!•• W,. J. Itr.i.! ....'11.', ".'I! of ..................1' ... ,.il. are Cfi..,iaoed at ....1 aagl" 1'1'_ •• '.11 liD•• !be .ki. '1'. OD tbail" , ..ide edQea. 1M _igll' i ....lly .ad ...nly di.tributed. t.cbnic.1 '9Il !.i. - ""'''. 01 ..", .....lI)!t. Natur.l Po.l'loa aad A!I!!atilP al'8 .. ~, ...lc~inc'p1.. in tbe Straight S.... Plow. '1M app1ic.tion 01 A99!!I'iO! i. perM" • little uniqu., however, it i ••ctua11y a .t.ult.neou. tpayl.tion in botb dil'ec'ioaa ...., produce. tbe SDOwplow po.itloe. .., other 8,.lc PJ: inc',!.. '"'I_ . ... ... .fIt -- 1- 2 .... , Tegllaical AMlr"! - !alM"" " ..." lI'nMJtt Natural Poeitton, :=t!- hd ft,.' III.'.' ft. tbe key".'e Prinet,l. lat tbe ---.... 81... __.I.t ...... ~ ia involved, T2bl Mgt!!!!"''l .1ao be coeel.... ecI. Ie 'au B"ie Principle• .IlPlr. .' . 5. St. Turlh JPr_ tile tr... , .. tile .. "111 .Id. tl .t_d a. tbe upbtll lboulder 1IOVe. baok .M '1M '*" ."9I&1.t.. over tb•• tll lid .ki. Ibl. ella..- ta body pol it1.00 ctt..pl.e•• _,e ..igbt tow.rd tb•• t ••••d .lci nlob becOMe ta. oat.,... kl of ...tt,~!,.,At~~;., ... JtJC; •• ,a.~, .... tra".r•• i. r •• uaed. ". '.' '"" ..'. .. ,·'iil.".· .. · <,.... ':h ~:"';" " Tec"PHl1' AMlr.', - a_M"." 1M. bill'.' Natval ro.l.t1en, A_ItS", .ad "lplll n.g.'" ... tM key ...ie Principl.. la tbe It_ ttua. It.ooe lIOV....,t 01 tM boc:I, I.. in- volved, Total Mottop ••t .110 be ooneidered. ... ,99'1' "Iic Pr 199\21.. 'pplr. 6. .,. Sllp. h_ ... tc......... -"- .........a ...1.-- tion, r.le.... til. M.,.. .na __,_t. .. .111.. a. ".' 8ul tift9 .1ippilt9 .,tion il OOII"rolled aad .IICOU".... .. tIM body .aVQl.at.. totbe out.w. .ad tIM .kil .r. ~i_"td during tbe follOtflft9 ... '.,'llon. At tbe ... of the do. IIOtion, the ecI9n ., be ••t to r .... tb. tl'awl"'. ) , d t be,· ~ 4, ~..,: '/! ," ~"": ,if~iJlJ,<~' Tech.. 'o.l A.lnM ."'!litHs,. '01''''&. rEt.taI. 8. !rib?'L'Pt:rn!'ft{'f. .~'::!~i~~"::•• !a •• tel tile .i....,,,loa Of ...vel.
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